CN111820050A - Traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising bed and seedling raising method thereof - Google Patents
Traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising bed and seedling raising method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/28—Raised beds; Planting beds; Edging elements for beds, lawn or the like, e.g. tiles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising bed and a seedling raising method thereof. Comprises sunshade plant planting, seedling bed preparation, seeding, management after seeding and seedling shed discharging. The seedling bed has the advantages that the water storage and fertilizer functions are achieved through the design of the seedling bed, the seedlings can absorb water and nutrient substances from the seedling bed according to the needs of the seedlings, and most importantly, the root diseases of the seedlings are inhibited. The planting of sunshade plant when growing seedlings can not use the sunshade net to grow seedlings, has avoided the labour recruitment such as the construction of sunshade net, demolish after emerging, has reduced the planting cost, and this plant can also play the heat preservation effect to the seedling of surviving the winter after the overground part withers winter, improves the survival rate of seedling. When the traditional Chinese medicine seedlings are transplanted, the seedling bed is opened, so that the seedlings can be collected, and the damage of the traditional Chinese medicine seedlings due to manual digging is reduced. The invention has the advantages of reducing the incidence rate of root rot of the traditional Chinese medicine seedlings, having high rate of emergence, reducing labor employment, reducing seedling raising cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising bed and a seedling raising method thereof.
Background
The traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising technology is a key technology in medicinal material planting, and has great influence on the yield and quality of medicinal materials. At present, most of traditional Chinese medicines are sowed or sowed in a drill way to carry out field seedling raising, grass or straws and the like are paved after sowing to cover and preserve moisture, soil is easy to harden during drought due to the fact that conditions such as water, fertilizer and the like cannot be controlled, and root moisture cannot be discharged when moisture is sufficient. On one hand, poor soil ventilation can prevent the root system of the seedling from growing and developing, and the problem of low emergence rate generally exists. On the other hand, the root rot caused by fungi is easy to occur due to long-term water accumulation of roots, so that the quality and the yield of the traditional Chinese medicine seedling are seriously influenced. Most of the traditional Chinese medicine seedlings after emergence are afraid of sunlight and pleased in shade and cool, and currently, shading nets are generally adopted for seedling culture, and labor work such as building and dismantling the shading nets is needed, so that the traditional Chinese medicine seedling culture cost is increased. Meanwhile, the soil in the field is low in fertility for seedling culture, seedlings are not vigorous in growth, and stem tip growing points are often frozen or eaten by small animals during overwintering; the seedling emergence in the later stage, the root system is deeply pricked, and the root is often damaged during manual digging.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising, and provides a traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising method which can reduce the incidence rate of root rot of the traditional Chinese medicine seedlings, has high rate of emergence, reduces labor employment and reduces seedling raising cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising bed comprises a rectangular bed body with three sides integrated and a baffle, wherein gauze screens are arranged on two side faces of the rectangular bed body, so that drainage is facilitated when excessive watering is carried out; the two vertical edges on one side of the empty surface of the bed body are provided with baffle plates, and the baffle plates are inserted into the empty surface of the rectangular bed body through the baffle plates to form a rectangular seedling bed.
The method for raising the seedlings by using the traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising bed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and preparing land: the seedling bed is selected from a field land with deep soil layer, good ventilation, light transmission and water drainage, and the first crop is selected from traditional Chinese medicines or crops with non-root medicine; selecting a north-south direction according to wind direction, digging a trapezoidal pit with the width of 17cm, the depth of 25cm and the inclination of the periphery of 15 degrees, wherein the length is determined according to actual conditions, and the distance between the pits is 25-30 cm;
(2) planting sunshade crops: sunshade crops are planted around the seedling raising bed, and the planting distance is 8-10 cm. Shading the seeds of the traditional Chinese medicine by means of the shading crops within 1 month and a half after the seeds of the traditional Chinese medicine emerge, and avoiding direct sunlight, and then cutting the shading crops to be beneficial to lighting of the seedlings of the traditional Chinese medicine; directly covering a seedbed after stems and leaves of overground parts of sun-shading crops wither in late autumn and early winter;
wherein the sunshade crops are sowed on two sides of the pit within 5-6 months; planting the seedling bed and the sun-shading crops in a staggered distance, wherein the distance between the 1 st sun-shading crop and the seedling bed on the left side of the seedling bed is 2cm, the distance between the 2 nd sun-shading crop and the seedling bed is 10cm, the distance between the 3 rd sun-shading crop and the seedling bed is 2cm, and the distance between the 4 th sun-shading crop and the seedling bed is 10 cm; the distance between the 1 st sunshade crop on the right side of the seedling bed and the seedling bed is 10cm, the distance between the 2 nd sunshade crop and the seedling bed is 2cm, the distance between the 3 rd sunshade crop and the seedling bed is 10cm, the distance between the 4 th sunshade crop and the seedling bed is 2cm, the row distance between the 1 st sunshade crop and the 2 nd sunshade crop is 20cm, and the like;
(3) preparation before seedling culture: adding a compound microbial inoculum accounting for 3-4% of the total weight into the overground part stems and leaves of the fresh traditional Chinese medicine sterilized by ultraviolet irradiation, and fermenting for 20 days at 35 ℃ to obtain fermented stems and leaves for later use; placing the seedling beds in soil, and paving a layer of fermented stem leaves with the thickness of 5cm on the bottom layer of each seedling bed placed in the soil; then laying a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 15cm on the fermented stem leaves; the seedling bed and the nutrient soil are subjected to conventional disinfection and sterilization treatment;
(4) sowing: the sowing period of the traditional Chinese medicine seeds is generally 5-7 months, the traditional Chinese medicine seeds are sown in a seedling bed by adopting a broadcasting sowing mode, 1cm of dried, smashed and ultraviolet sterilized stem leaves of the scutellaria baicalensis are covered on the traditional Chinese medicine seeds for bacteriostasis and moisture preservation; the sowing time of the sun-shading crops for shading sun is 25-35 days earlier than that of the seeds of the traditional Chinese medicine;
(5) and (3) management after sowing: performing water and fertilizer management according to weather and the dryness and wetness conditions of the seedling bed, generally sowing for 20 days, then, germinating the traditional Chinese medicine, and watering when the soil surface of the seedling bed is dry; removing weeds in the whole seedling stage, and cutting the sunshade crop plants when the Chinese medicinal seedlings are 5cm high so that the daylighting of the Chinese medicinal seedlings is not influenced;
(6) management in winter: after the stems and leaves of the overground parts of the sunshade crops wither for 10 months, the sunshade crops can be directly harvested and then cover the seedbed, and the phenomenon that stem tip growing points are frostbitten or seedlings are gnawed by small animals during overwintering of the seedlings can be prevented.
(7) Lifting seedlings: and in 3-5 months of the next year, timely digging out the seedling bed from the soil, opening the baffle (2) on one side of the seedling bed, lifting the traditional Chinese medicine seedlings without damage due to the fact that fermented stems and leaves are arranged at the bottom layer of the seedling bed, and transplanting the seedlings into a field.
In a further preferable mode of the technical scheme, the width of the seedling raising bed is 15cm, the length of the seedling raising bed is 30cm, and the depth of the seedling raising bed is 25 cm.
In a further preferable mode of the above technical scheme, the complex microbial inoculum described in step (3) is trichoderma longibrachiatum, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to a ratio of 1: 0.5: 1.5 in proportion.
In a further preferable mode of the technical scheme, the overground stem and leaf of the traditional Chinese medicine in the step (3) are small sections of fresh stem and leaf of scutellaria baicalensis, codonopsis pilosula, radix bupleuri and astragalus membranaceus which are subjected to ultraviolet sterilization, and the mass ratio of the small sections is 0.5-1: 0.5-1: 1: 0.5-1 parts of stems and leaves; wherein, the aerial parts of the radix scutellariae and the radix bupleuri are cut into small segments of 1cm, the stem and leaf of the radix codonopsitis are cut into small segments of 1.5cm, and the stem and leaf of the radix astragali are cut into small segments of 0.5 cm.
In a further preferable mode of the technical scheme, the nutrient soil in the step (3) is prepared by sieving decomposed sheep manure and then treating the sieved manure according to the following steps of field soil: sheep manure 7: 1 by volume ratio.
In a further preferred mode of the technical scheme, the sunshade crop in the step (2) is tartary buckwheat or broad bean.
Compared with the prior seedling raising technology, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the lower layer of the seedling layer is fermented traditional Chinese medicine stems and leaves, and has the following functions: the microbial fermentation can decompose the cellulose in the leaves and leaves into the nutrient substances which can be used by the seedlings. ② the fermented traditional Chinese medicine stem leaves and microbial strains used by the seedling bed have the function of inhibiting the occurrence of seedling root rot. Thirdly, the fertilizer can be adjusted to the water and fertilizer of the seedling bed, and root rot caused by unsmooth drainage can be reduced. Fourthly, the seedlings are easy to separate from the seedling bed when being lifted, and the seedlings are not damaged.
(2) The lower part of the seedling bed is fermented traditional Chinese medicine stems and leaves, the dried powder of the dried and crushed scutellaria baicalensis is covered on the seedling bed, most of the overground parts of the traditional Chinese medicines in agricultural production are waste, and the aim of recycling the overground parts of the traditional Chinese medicines is fulfilled.
(3) The Chinese medicinal seedlings are not easy to be exposed to the sun and are fond of cool and shady, the sunshade crops planted on the two sides of the seedling bed can play a role in sunshade, meanwhile, the sunshade crops such as broad beans have a nitrogen fixation function, and the soil fertility can be increased. After frost in 10 months, the heat preservation effect can be achieved for the Chinese medicinal seedlings after the overground part of the sun-shading crop falls.
(4) The seedling bed is designed to be isolated close to the two sides of the shading crops, so that the situation that the shading crops and the traditional Chinese medicine seedlings compete for soil water and fertilizer does not exist. Meanwhile, the gauze designs are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the seedling bed, and are mainly used for draining water when the moisture in the seedling bed is excessive.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a seedling bed for traditional Chinese medicine according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Codonopsis pilosula seedling culture
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising bed comprises a rectangular bed body 1 with three sides integrated and a baffle 2, wherein two side surfaces of the rectangular bed body 1 are provided with gauze screens 3, so that the bed is convenient for drainage when excessive watering is performed; two vertical edges on one side of the empty surface of the bed body 1 are provided with baffle plates 4, and the baffle plates 2 are inserted into the empty surface of the rectangular bed body 1 through the baffle plates 4 to form a rectangular seedling raising bed.
The method for raising codonopsis pilosula seedlings by using the traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising bed comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and preparing land: the seedling bed is selected from a field land with deep soil layer, good ventilation, light transmission and water drainage, and the first crop is selected from gramineous crops such as corn and the like; selecting a trapezoidal pit with the length determined according to actual conditions in the north-south direction, the width of 17cm, the depth of 25cm, the inclination of the periphery of 15 degrees, and the distance between every two pits of 25 cm;
(2) planting sunshade crops: broad beans are planted around a seedling bed, the planting distance is 8-10 cm, seedlings can emerge after 15 days of sowing, and buds and branches can emerge after 30 days to achieve the sun-shading effect. Shading the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula by virtue of broad bean plants within 1 month and a half after the seedlings emerge, so as to avoid direct sunlight, and then cutting the broad beans to facilitate the daylighting of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings; directly covering a seedbed after stems and leaves of overground parts of the broad beans wither in late autumn and early winter;
(3) preparation before seedling culture: adding composite microbial inoculum with total weight of 3.5% into aerial part stem and leaf of fresh traditional Chinese medicine sterilized by ultraviolet irradiation, and fermenting at 35 deg.C for 20 days to obtain fermented stem and leaf; placing the seedling beds in soil, and paving a layer of fermented stem leaves with the thickness of 5cm on the bottom layer of each seedling bed placed in the soil; then laying a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 15cm on the fermented stem leaves; the seedling bed and the nutrient soil are subjected to conventional disinfection and sterilization treatment; the composite microbial inoculum is prepared from trichoderma longibrachiatum, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the ratio of 1: 0.5: 1.5 in proportion. The nutrient soil is prepared by sieving decomposed sheep manure, and mixing field soil with leguminous plants as previous crops and the decomposed sheep manure according to the weight ratio of 7: 1 by volume ratio. The stem and leaf of the overground part of the traditional Chinese medicine are small segments of stem and leaf of scutellaria baicalensis, codonopsis pilosula, radix bupleuri and astragalus mongholicus which are subjected to ultraviolet sterilization, and the mass ratio of the small segments is 1: 0.5: 1: 1 in proportion; wherein, the aerial parts of the radix scutellariae and the radix bupleuri are cut into small segments of 1cm, the stem and leaf of the radix codonopsitis are cut into small segments of 1.5cm, and the stem and leaf of the radix astragali are cut into small segments of 0.5 cm.
(4) Sowing: the sowing period of the codonopsis pilosula is 6 months, and the seeds and the nutrient soil are mixed according to the weight ratio of 5: 1, sowing in a seedling bed in a broadcast sowing mode, covering 1cm of scutellaria stem leaves which are dried in the sun, smashed and sterilized by ultraviolet rays for bacteriostasis and moisture preservation; the sowing period of the broad beans for shading the sun is 35 days earlier than that of the seeds of the codonopsis pilosula;
(5) and (3) management after sowing: performing water and fertilizer management according to weather and the dryness and wetness conditions of the seedling bed, after seeding for 20 days, sprouting codonopsis pilosula, and watering when the soil surface of the seedling bed is dry; removing weeds in the whole seedling stage, weeding for the first time after seedling emergence, weeding for the second time when the seedlings are 5cm high, and cutting the broad bean plants short so as not to influence the lighting of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings; when the height of the seedling is 8cm, weeding for the third time; and when the height of the white dew seedlings is 30cm, weeding for the fourth time.
(6) Management in winter: after stems and leaves of overground parts of the broad beans wither in 10 months, the broad beans can be directly harvested and then cover a seedbed, so that the codonopsis pilosula seedlings can be prevented from being frostbitten.
(7) Lifting seedlings: in the next 4 months, the seedling bed is dug out of the soil, the baffle 2 at one side of the seedling bed is opened, the seedling of the traditional Chinese medicine can be lifted without being damaged due to the fact that the fermented stem leaves are arranged at the bottom layer of the seedling bed, and meanwhile, the codonopsis pilosula seedling is transplanted into a field.
And (3) test results:
the codonopsis pilosula seedlings cultured by the seedling culture technology fundamentally reduce the occurrence of codonopsis pilosula root rot, the occurrence rate of the codonopsis pilosula root rot is reduced by 10.4% compared with that of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings cultured by a traditional seedling culture method, and the economic benefit of codonopsis pilosula seedling culture is improved.
Example 2
Radix bupleuri seedling culture
(1) Selecting and preparing land: the seedling bed is selected from a field land with deep soil layer, good ventilation, light transmission and water drainage, and the first crop is leguminous; selecting a southwest direction, digging a trapezoidal pit with the width of 17cm, the depth of 25cm, the inclination of the periphery of about 15 degrees and the length determined according to the actual situation, wherein the distance between the pits is 27 cm;
(2) planting sunshade crops: broad beans are planted around a seedling bed, the planting distance is 8-10 cm, seedlings can emerge after 15 days of sowing, and buds and branches can emerge after 30 days to achieve the sun-shading effect. Shading by virtue of broad bean plants within 1 month after the seedlings of the bupleurum seeds emerge, avoiding direct sunlight, and then cutting short broad beans to facilitate lighting of the bupleurum seedlings; directly covering the seedbed after stems and leaves of the overground parts of the broad beans wither at the bottom of 10 months;
(3) preparation before seedling culture: adding composite microbial inoculum with 3% of total weight into aerial part stem and leaf of fresh traditional Chinese medicine sterilized by ultraviolet irradiation, and fermenting at 35 deg.C for 20 days to obtain fermented stem and leaf; placing the seedling beds in soil, and paving a layer of fermented stem leaves with the thickness of 5cm on the bottom layer of each seedling bed placed in the soil; then laying a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 18cm on the fermented stem leaves; the seedling bed and the nutrient soil are subjected to conventional disinfection and sterilization treatment; the composite microbial inoculum is prepared from trichoderma longibrachiatum, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the ratio of 1: 0.5: 1.5 in proportion. The nutrient soil is prepared by sieving decomposed sheep manure, and mixing field soil with leguminous plants as previous crops and the decomposed sheep manure according to the weight ratio of 7: 1 by volume ratio. The stem and leaf of the overground part of the traditional Chinese medicine are small segments of stem and leaf of scutellaria baicalensis, codonopsis pilosula, radix bupleuri and astragalus mongholicus which are subjected to ultraviolet sterilization, and the mass ratio of the small segments is 1: 1: 0.5: 1 in proportion; wherein, the aerial parts of the radix scutellariae and the radix bupleuri are cut into small segments of 1cm, the stem and leaf of the radix codonopsitis are cut into small segments of 1.5cm, and the stem and leaf of the radix astragali are cut into small segments of 0.5 cm.
(4) Sowing: the seeding period of the radix bupleuri is 7 months, and the seeds and the nutrient soil are mixed according to the weight ratio of 5: 1, sowing seeds into a seedling bed by adopting a broadcasting method, covering 1cm of scutellaria stem leaves which are dried in the sun, smashed and sterilized by ultraviolet rays for bacteriostasis and moisture preservation; the sowing time of the broad beans for shading the sun is 25 days earlier than that of the seeds of the traditional Chinese medicine;
(5) and (3) management after sowing: performing water and fertilizer management according to weather and the dryness and wetness conditions of the seedling bed, generally sowing for 15 days, then, sprouting bupleurum, watering when the soil surface of the seedling bed is dry, and keeping the surface of the seedling bed moist; watering a little after the seedlings grow, removing weeds in the whole seedling stage, weeding for the first time after the seedlings emerge, and pulling out redundant regenerated seedlings. When the height of the seedlings is 10cm, weeding is carried out for the second time, and the broad bean plants are cut short so as not to influence the lighting of the traditional Chinese medicine seedlings; and when the height of the seedling is 15cm, weeding for the third time.
(6) Management in winter: after stems and leaves of overground parts of the broad beans wither at the bottom of 10 months, the broad beans are directly harvested to cover the seedbed, so that the root of the scutellaria baicalensis seedling can be prevented from being frostbitten.
(7) Lifting seedlings: in the next 4 months, the seedling bed is dug out of the soil, the baffle 2 at one side of the seedling bed is opened, the seedlings of the bupleurum chinense can be lifted without being damaged due to the fact that the fermented stem leaves are arranged at the bottom layer of the seedling bed, and meanwhile, the seedlings are transplanted into a field.
And (3) test results:
compared with the traditional seedling culture method, the radix bupleuri seedling cultured by the seedling culture technology has the advantages that the incidence rate of root rot of the radix bupleuri seedling is reduced by 9.2%, and the survival rate of the radix bupleuri seedling is improved.
Example 3
Astragalus membranaceus seedling culture
(1) Selecting and preparing land: the seedling bed is selected from a field land with deep soil layer, good ventilation, light transmission and water drainage, and the first crop is selected from gramineous crops; selecting a southwest direction, digging a trapezoidal pit with the width of 17cm, the depth of 25cm, the inclination of the periphery of about 15 degrees and the length determined according to the actual situation, wherein the distance between the pits is 30 cm;
(2) planting sunshade crops: tartary buckwheat is firstly planted around a seedling bed, the plant distance is 6cm, seedling emergence can be realized after 15 days of sowing, and bud branches can emerge in 25 days to achieve the sun-shading effect. Shading the scutellaria baicalensis seeds within 1 month after emergence by virtue of tartary buckwheat plants to avoid direct sunlight, and then cutting off tartary buckwheat to facilitate lighting of the scutellaria baicalensis seedlings; directly covering a seedbed after stems and leaves of the overground part of the tartary buckwheat wither at the bottom of 10 months;
(3) preparation before seedling culture: adding composite microbial inoculum with a total weight of 4% into the above-ground stem and leaf of fresh traditional Chinese medicine sterilized by ultraviolet irradiation, and fermenting at 35 deg.C for 20 days to obtain fermented stem and leaf; placing the seedling beds in soil, and paving a layer of fermented stem leaves with the thickness of 5cm on the bottom layer of each seedling bed placed in the soil; then laying a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 20cm on the fermented stem leaves; the seedling bed and the nutrient soil are subjected to conventional disinfection and sterilization treatment; the composite microbial inoculum is prepared from trichoderma longibrachiatum, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the ratio of 1: 0.5: 1.5 in proportion. The nutrient soil is prepared by sieving decomposed sheep manure, and mixing field soil with leguminous plants as previous crops and the decomposed sheep manure according to the weight ratio of 7: 1 by volume ratio. The stem and leaf of the overground part of the traditional Chinese medicine are small segments of stem and leaf of scutellaria baicalensis, codonopsis pilosula, radix bupleuri and astragalus mongholicus which are subjected to ultraviolet sterilization, and the mass ratio of the small segments is 1: 1: 1: 0.5 of the mixture of stems and leaves; wherein, the aerial parts of the radix scutellariae and the radix bupleuri are cut into small segments of 1cm, the stem and leaf of the radix codonopsitis are cut into small segments of 1.5cm, and the stem and leaf of the radix astragali are cut into small segments of 0.5 cm.
(4) Sowing: the sowing period of the astragalus is 6 months earlier, seeds are sown in a seedling bed by adopting a broadcasting method, 1cm of scutellaria stem and leaf which is dried in the sun, smashed and sterilized by ultraviolet rays is covered on the seeds for bacteriostasis and moisture preservation; the sowing time of the tartary buckwheat for shading sun is 25 days earlier than that of the seeds of the traditional Chinese medicine;
(5) and (3) management after sowing: performing water and fertilizer management according to weather and the dryness and wetness conditions of the seedling bed, sowing for 10 days, then, sprouting astragalus membranaceus, watering when the soil surface of the seedling bed is dry, and keeping the surface of the seedling bed moist; watering little after the seedlings grow up, removing weeds in the whole seedling stage, weeding for the first time after seedling emergence, and weeding for the second time after one month, wherein the lighting of the astragalus seedlings is not influenced by cutting off tartary buckwheat plants; and when the height of the seedling is 25cm, weeding for the third time.
(6) Management in winter: after stems and leaves of over-ground parts of tartary buckwheat wither in the early 10 months, the tartary buckwheat is directly harvested to cover a seedbed, so that frostbite of astragalus seedlings can be prevented.
(7) Lifting seedlings: in the next 5 months, the seedling bed is dug out of the soil, the baffle 2 at one side of the seedling bed is opened, the astragalus membranaceus seedlings can be lifted without being damaged due to the fact that fermented stems and leaves are arranged at the bottom layer of the seedling bed, and meanwhile the seedlings are transplanted into a field.
And (3) test results:
the astragalus seedlings cultured by the seedling culture technology have the advantages that the occurrence of fungal diseases at the roots of astragalus is inhibited by the fermentation blades at the bottom layer of the seedling culture bed, so that the incidence rate of root rot of the seedlings is reduced by 12.7%, and the survival rate of the astragalus seedlings is greatly improved.
Claims (7)
1. A traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising bed is characterized in that: the water drainage bed comprises a rectangular bed body (1) with three integrated surfaces and a baffle (2), wherein gauze screens (3) are arranged on two side surfaces of the rectangular bed body (1) so as to facilitate water drainage when the water is excessive; two vertical edges on one side of the empty surface of the bed body (1) are provided with baffle plates (4), and the baffle plates (2) are inserted into the empty surface of the rectangular bed body (1) through the baffle plates (4) to form a rectangular seedling raising bed.
2. A traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting and preparing land: the seedling bed is selected from a field land with deep soil layer, good ventilation, light transmission and water drainage, and the first crop is selected from traditional Chinese medicines or crops with non-root medicine; selecting a north-south direction according to wind direction, digging a trapezoidal pit with the width of 17cm, the depth of 25cm and the inclination of the periphery of 15 degrees, wherein the length is determined according to actual conditions, and the distance between the pits is 25-30 cm;
(2) planting sunshade crops: firstly, planting sun-shading crops around a seedling bed, wherein the plant spacing is 8-10 cm, broadcasting traditional Chinese medicines in the seedling bed after 20 days, and covering 1cm of sterilized dry scutellaria stem and leaf powder on the surfaces of the traditional Chinese medicines; shading the seeds within 1 month and a half after the seeds emerge by means of the shading crops to avoid direct sunlight, and then cutting the shading crops to facilitate lighting of the Chinese medicinal seedlings; directly covering a seedbed after stems and leaves of overground parts of sun-shading crops wither in late autumn and early winter;
wherein the sunshade crops are sowed on two sides of the pit within 5-6 months; planting the seedling bed and the sun-shading crops in a staggered distance, wherein the distance between the 1 st sun-shading crop and the seedling bed on the left side of the seedling bed is 2cm, the distance between the 2 nd sun-shading crop and the seedling bed is 10cm, the distance between the 3 rd sun-shading crop and the seedling bed is 2cm, and the distance between the 4 th sun-shading crop and the seedling bed is 10 cm; the distance between the 1 st sunshade crop on the right side of the seedling bed and the seedling bed is 10cm, the distance between the 2 nd sunshade crop and the seedling bed is 2cm, the distance between the 3 rd sunshade crop and the seedling bed is 10cm, the distance between the 4 th sunshade crop and the seedling bed is 2cm, the row distance between the 1 st sunshade crop and the 2 nd sunshade crop is 20cm, and the like;
(3) preparation before seedling culture: adding a compound microbial inoculum accounting for 3-4% of the total weight into the stems and leaves of the overground parts of the fresh traditional Chinese medicine sterilized by ultraviolet irradiation, and fermenting for 20 days at 35 ℃ to obtain fermented stems and leaves for later use; placing the seedling beds in soil, and paving a layer of fermented stem leaves with the thickness of 5cm on the bottom layer of each seedling bed placed in the soil; then laying a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 15cm on the fermented stem leaves; the seedling bed and the nutrient soil are subjected to conventional disinfection and sterilization treatment;
(4) sowing: the sowing period of the traditional Chinese medicine seeds is generally 5-7 months, the traditional Chinese medicine seeds are sown in a seedling bed by adopting a broadcasting sowing mode, 1cm of dried, smashed and ultraviolet sterilized stem leaves of the scutellaria baicalensis are covered on the traditional Chinese medicine seeds for bacteriostasis and moisture preservation; the sowing time of the sun-shading crops for shading sun is 25-35 days earlier than that of the seeds of the traditional Chinese medicine;
(5) and (3) management after sowing: performing water and fertilizer management according to weather and the dryness and wetness conditions of the seedling bed, generally sowing for 20 days, then, germinating the traditional Chinese medicine, and watering when the soil surface of the seedling bed is dry; removing weeds in the whole seedling stage, and cutting the sunshade crop plants when the seedlings are 5cm high so that the daylighting of the Chinese medicinal seedlings is not influenced;
(6) management in winter: after stems and leaves of overground parts of the sun-shading crops wither in 10 months, the seedbed can be directly covered after being harvested, and the phenomenon that stem tip growing points are frostbitten or seedlings are bitten by small animals during the overwintering period of the seedlings can be prevented;
(7) lifting seedlings: and in 3-5 months of the next year, timely digging out the seedling bed from the soil, opening the baffle (2) on one side of the seedling bed, lifting the traditional Chinese medicine seedlings without damage due to the fact that fermented stems and leaves are arranged at the bottom layer of the seedling bed, and transplanting the seedlings into a field.
3. A nursery bed for traditional Chinese medicine as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the width of the seedling raising bed is 15cm, the length of the seedling raising bed is 30cm, and the depth of the seedling raising bed is 25 cm.
4. The traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the composite microbial inoculum in the step (3) is trichoderma longibrachiatum, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride, and the mass ratio of the composite microbial inoculum is 1: 0.5: 1.5 in proportion.
5. The traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the stem and leaf of the overground part of the traditional Chinese medicine in the step (3) are small segments of stem and leaf of scutellaria baicalensis, codonopsis pilosula, radix bupleuri and platycodon grandiflorum which are subjected to ultraviolet sterilization, and the mass ratio of the small segments is 0.5-1: 0.5-1: 0.5-1: 0.5-1 parts of stems and leaves; wherein, the overground parts of the scutellaria baicalensis and the bupleurum are cut into small sections of 1cm, the stem and leaf of the codonopsis pilosula are cut into small sections of 1.5cm, and the stem and leaf of the platycodon grandiflorum are cut into small sections of 0.5 cm.
6. The traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: and (3) sieving the decomposed sheep manure, and then mixing the nutrient soil with the nutrient soil according to the ratio of field soil: sheep manure 7: 1 by volume ratio.
7. The traditional Chinese medicine seedling raising method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the sunshade crop in the step (2) is tartary buckwheat or broad beans.
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