CN111772030A - 营养型植物蛋白仿真肉及其生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及食品加工技术领域,具体涉及营养型植物蛋白仿真肉及其生产方法。所述营养型植物蛋白仿真肉由以下重量份的原料制成:15‑75份植物蛋白,0.2‑20份植物色素,0.1‑10份鲜笋,0.1‑10份蘑菇,2‑10份哈密瓜汁,0.2‑10份植物油脂,总计0.8‑10份的植物胶、钠盐、铁盐、钾盐、氨基酸、维生素、抗氧化物和酵母粉。本发明的植物蛋白仿真肉具有动物蛋白的纤维特征,免除了化学产品的添加,产品更安全、更健康。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工技术领域,具体涉及营养型植物蛋白仿真肉及其生产方法。
背景技术
动物肉类是优良的蛋白质、铁和VB12的来源,其中不仅含有人体所必需的各种氨基酸,同时也含有增加人类患病风险(心脏病、癌症)的高饱和脂肪、高胆固醇。畜禽肉类的生产需要消耗大量的土地、粮食作物、水资源等自然资源,同时牲畜会增加温室气体排放量,对环境造成不良影响。在此背景下,以植物蛋白为基础的人造肉的出现,有效的防止了人畜共患病和动物疫病的传播(如疯牛病、口蹄疫、非洲猪瘟等),也降低了畜牧业对环境的负面影响以及对自然资源的消耗。
但是现有技术存在如下缺点:
1.口感和观感相较传统的动物肉类仍有差距。
2.需使用少量化学产品(食品添加剂)来覆盖植物蛋白的味道以及增加产品筋度和口感。
3.营养不够全面。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服上述缺点,根据人类身体需求添加特定营养物质,提供一种营养型植物蛋白仿真肉。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种营养型植物蛋白仿真肉,所述营养型植物蛋白仿真肉由以下重量份的原料制成:
15-75份植物蛋白,0.2-20份植物色素,0.1-10份鲜笋,0.1-10份蘑菇,0.1-10份哈密瓜汁,0.2-10份植物油脂,总计2-10份的植物胶、钠盐、铁盐、钾盐、氨基酸、维生素、抗氧化物和酵母粉。
优选地,所述植物蛋白来采用豆类蛋白、小麦蛋白的一种或两种的组合物。
优选地,所述植物色素采用于枸杞、红苋菜的一种或两种的组合物。优选地,所述蘑菇来采用王子菇、香菇的一种或两种的组合物。
优选地,所述植物胶采用琼脂。
优选地,所述维生素采用维生素D。
优选地,所述抗氧化物采用胡萝卜素、原花青素的一种或其组合。
本发明还提供了所述的营养型植物蛋白仿真肉的生产方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、按重量份称取15-75份植物蛋白,0.2-20份植物色素,0.1-10份鲜笋,0.1-10份蘑菇,0.1-10份哈密瓜汁,总计2-10份的植物胶、钠盐、铁盐、钾盐、氨基酸、维生素、抗氧化物和酵母粉;
S2、将植物蛋白与钠盐、铁盐和钾盐混合后加10-20份水搅拌均匀,经双螺杆挤出机挤压后得蛋白混合物;
S3、将植物胶溶于15-50份的水中,再依次加入植物色素、鲜笋、蘑菇、哈密瓜汁、植物油脂、氨基酸,维生素、抗氧化物、酵母粉,破碎并搅拌均匀,得液体混合物;
S4、将所述蛋白混合物和液体经双螺杆挤压机混合均匀,再依次揉捏、反应、挤压,设定温度为混合区98℃,揉捏区110℃,反应区110℃,成品经水冷模头出口处挤出成型,出口处设定温度为45℃;
S5、成品经检测合格后,真空包装,高温杀菌,得到营养型植物蛋白仿真肉。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明生产的植物蛋白肉不仅具有动物肉类的优点,如营养、色泽、香味等,同时克服了动物肉类的缺点,如高饱和脂肪、高胆固醇、携带致病菌和寄生虫、缺乏膳食纤维等。相较传统肉类,本发明生产的植物蛋白肉更加健康、安全、环保。
2、本发明以植物蛋白、枸杞、红苋菜、竹笋、蘑菇、哈密瓜为基础,添加其他辅料所生产的仿真肉中,植物蛋白提供了所需的蛋白质,枸杞、红苋菜除了提供了所需的色素外还具有提高人体免疫力的功效,蘑菇、竹笋和哈密瓜提供了所需的纤维素,起到改善香味、口感的作用,同时也摈除了化学产品的添加。
3、枸杞和红苋菜不仅为植物蛋白仿真肉提供了所需的天然色素,使产品的颜色更逼真;更重要的是它具有调节免疫力、抗氧化、延缓衰老、降血脂、血糖、血压的功效。蘑菇、竹笋及哈密瓜等水果除了为植物蛋白仿真肉提供了所需的纤维素和营养外,还改善了产品筋度、口感以及香味,也模仿出肉的缔结组织和纹理。最为重要的是通过使其蛋白变性,拉伸重排蛋白链,使产品具有动物蛋白的纤维特征,免除了化学产品的添加,产品更安全、更健康。
附图说明
图1为本发明营养型植物蛋白仿真肉实物图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但不应理解为本发明的限制。如未特殊说明,下述实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段,下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1营养型植物蛋白仿真肉的生产方法,步骤如下:
S1、按重量份称取25份豌豆蛋白提取物,15份小麦蛋白提取物,加入0.5份钠盐,0.3份铁盐,0.3份钾盐,与14.9份水混合,搅拌均匀,经双螺杆挤出机挤压后得蛋白混合物;
S2、将0.5份琼脂溶于21.6份的水中,再加入5份枸杞和5份红苋菜,3份鲜笋,3份香菇,2.5份哈密瓜汁,3份菜籽油,氨基酸、维生素D、胡萝卜素、酵母粉(安琪酵母粉)各0.1份,破碎并搅拌均匀,得到蛋白混合物;
S3、将蛋白混合物在双螺杆挤压机中混合、变性、揉捏、混合区、揉捏区和变性区设定温度为65℃、110℃、110℃;
S4,为了减少高温对维生素、抗氧化物等营养物影响,将蛋白混合物和液体混合物进一步经双螺杆挤压机混合均匀,再依次揉捏,反应,挤压,成型,过程中,设定温度为混合区98℃,揉捏区110℃,反应区110℃,成品经水冷模头出口处挤出成型,出口处设定温度为45℃;
S5,检测合格后,真空包装,高温杀菌,制得营养型植物蛋白仿真肉,如图1所示。
实施例2
营养型植物蛋白仿真肉的生产方法,步骤如下:
S1、按重量份称取10份豌豆蛋白提取物,5份小麦蛋白提取物,加入0.5份钠盐,0.3份铁盐,0.3份钾盐,与14.9份水混合,搅拌均匀,经双螺杆挤出机挤压后得蛋白混合物;
S2、将0.5份琼脂溶于21.6份的水中,再加入0.1份枸杞和0.1份红苋菜,0.1份鲜笋,0.1份香菇,0.1份哈密瓜汁,0.2份菜籽油,氨基酸、维生素D、胡萝卜素、酵母粉(安琪酵母粉)各0.1份,破碎并搅拌均匀,得到蛋白混合物;
S3、将蛋白混合物在双螺杆挤压机中混合、变性、揉捏、混合区、揉捏区和变性区设定温度为65℃、110℃、110℃;
S4,为了减少高温对维生素、抗氧化物等营养物影响,将蛋白混合物和液体混合物进一步经双螺杆挤压机混合均匀,再依次揉捏,反应,挤压,成型,过程中,设定温度为混合区98℃,揉捏区110℃,反应区110℃,成品经水冷模头出口处挤出成型,出口处设定温度为45℃;
S5,检测合格后,真空包装,高温杀菌,制得营养型植物蛋白仿真肉。
实施例2
营养型植物蛋白仿真肉的生产方法,步骤如下:
S1、按重量份称取40份豌豆蛋白提取物,35份小麦蛋白提取物,加入1.25份钠盐,1.25份铁盐,1.25份钾盐,与14.9份水混合,搅拌均匀,经双螺杆挤出机挤压后得蛋白混合物;
S2、将1.25份琼脂溶于21.6份的水中,再加入10份枸杞和10份红苋菜,10份鲜笋,10份香菇,10份哈密瓜汁10份菜籽油,氨基酸、维生素D、胡萝卜素、酵母粉(安琪酵母粉)各1.25份,破碎并搅拌均匀,得到蛋白混合物;
S3、将蛋白混合物在双螺杆挤压机中混合、变性、揉捏、混合区、揉捏区和变性区设定温度为65℃、110℃、110℃;
S4,为了减少高温对维生素、抗氧化物等营养物影响,将蛋白混合物和液体混合物进一步经双螺杆挤压机混合均匀,再依次揉捏,反应,挤压,成型,过程中,设定温度为混合区98℃,揉捏区110℃,反应区110℃,成品经水冷模头出口处挤出成型,出口处设定温度为45℃;
S5,检测合格后,真空包装,高温杀菌,制得营养型植物蛋白仿真肉。
为了验证本发明的营养型植物蛋白仿真肉的感官指标,组成30人食品专家评定小组进行感官评价,并检测了理化指标和卫生指标结果如表1-3所示。
表1感官评价指标及评价
表2理化指标及测定
表3卫生指标及测定
需要说明的是,本发明权利要求书中涉及数值范围时,应理解为每个数值范围的两个端点以及两个端点之间任何一个数值均可选用,为了防止赘述,本发明描述了优选的实施例。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例,但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念,则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以,所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (9)
1.一种营养型植物蛋白仿真肉,其特征在于,所述营养型植物蛋白仿真肉由以下重量份的原料制成:
15-75份植物蛋白,0.2-20份植物色素,0.1-10份鲜笋,0.1-10份蘑菇,0.1-10份哈密瓜汁,0.2-10份植物油脂,总计2-10份的植物胶、钠盐、铁盐、钾盐、氨基酸、维生素、抗氧化物和酵母粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的营养型植物蛋白仿真肉,其特征在于,所述植物蛋白采用豆类蛋白、小麦蛋白的一种或两种的组合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的营养型植物蛋白仿真肉,其特征在于,所述植物色素采用于枸杞提取物、红苋菜提取物的一种或两种的组合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的营养型植物蛋白仿真肉,其特征在于,所述蘑菇采用王子菇、香菇的一种或两种的组合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的营养型植物蛋白仿真肉,其特征在于,所述植物油脂采用花生油、菜籽油或椰子油。
6.根据权利要求1所述的营养型植物蛋白仿真肉,其特征在于,所述植物胶采用琼脂。
7.据权利要求1所述的营养型植物蛋白仿真肉,其特征在于,所述维生素采用维生素D。
8.根据权利要求1所述的营养型植物蛋白仿真肉,其特征在于,所述抗氧化物采用胡萝卜素、原花青素的一种或其组合。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述的营养型植物蛋白仿真肉的生产方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、按重量份称取15-75份植物蛋白,0.2-20份植物色素,0.1-10份鲜笋,0.1-10份蘑菇,0.1-10份哈密瓜汁,总计2-10份的植物胶、钠盐、铁盐、钾盐、氨基酸、维生素、抗氧化物和酵母粉;
S2、将植物蛋白与钠盐、铁盐和钾盐混合后加10-20份水,搅拌均匀,经双螺杆挤出机挤压后得蛋白混合物;
S3、将植物胶溶于15-50份的水中,再依次加入植物色素、鲜笋、蘑菇、哈密瓜汁、植物油脂、氨基酸,维生素、抗氧化物、酵母粉,破碎并搅拌均匀,得液体混合物;
S4、将所述蛋白混合物和液体经双螺杆挤压机混合均匀,再依次揉捏、反应、挤压,设定温度为混合区98℃,揉捏区110℃,反应区110℃,成品经水冷模头出口处挤出成型,出口处设定温度为45℃;
S5、成品经检测合格后,真空包装,高温杀菌,得到营养型植物蛋白仿真肉。
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