CN111713283A

CN111713283A - Rootstock replacing method without influencing grape harvest

Info

Publication number: CN111713283A
Application number: CN202010622204.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩佳宇; 张瑛; 曹雄军; 郭荣荣; 白先进; 谢太理; 林玲; 黄桂媛
Original assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-06-30
Filing date: 2020-06-30
Publication date: 2020-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-30
Also published as: CN111713283B

Abstract

The agricultural planting method is applied to the field, particularly the method for replacing the rootstock without influencing the harvest of the grapes, the method for replacing the rootstock of the grape grafted seedling which starts to bear fruit in 1-2 years needs to be applied to the growth of the rootstock, the survival rate of the grafted seedling needs to be guaranteed by sound generation and the grafting generation of the rootstock is replaced, the legacy scion and the grafting mode of the rootstock are not adopted, the new rootstock is planted beside the grafted plant, the scion is directly grafted, the original rootstock and the scion are not cut off, a transition growth system of 1 scion 2 rootstock (original rootstock and new rootstock) is formed, the survival rate of the grafted seedling does not influence the harvest sound of the grapes after the replacement is ensured, and the rootstock is replaced by the original rootstock, the maximum reduction in breadth calls for losses to the farmers.

Description

Rootstock replacing method without influencing grape harvest

[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for replacing rootstocks without influencing grape harvest.

[ background of the invention ]

Grapes are subtropical fruits produced by heat in Guangxi, grafting is a common cultivation method, however, when a grower plants a grafted seedling, the grape can bear fruit only after a common grape grafted seedling is planted for 1-2 years, the fact that a rootstock of the grape seedling is not suitable for local planting is discovered at this time, the yield is low, the influence of plant diseases and insect pests is large, the rootstock needs to be replaced at this time, the conventional operation is that after the suitable rootstock is selected again, a scion is retreated, and then grafting operation is carried out again, however, the operation is usually finished after 1-2 years; therefore, the rootstock replacement method which does not affect the harvest of the grapes needs to be found aiming at the problems, the survival rate of the grafted seedlings can be improved, the harvest of the grapes is not affected, and the purpose of replacing the rootstock can be achieved.

[ summary of the invention ]

In view of the above, there is a need to find a method for replacing rootstock without affecting grape harvest, which can improve the survival rate of grafted seedlings, does not affect grape harvest, and can achieve the purpose of replacing rootstock.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for replacing rootstock without influencing grape harvest comprises the following steps:

(1) two stocks to be replaced are symmetrically planted on two sides of a grafted seedling, after the stocks grow well, transverse cutting is carried out on the stocks, then a cutting knife is used for cutting downwards from a transverse section, a cutting opening is cut, and an included angle of 40-60 degrees is formed between the cutting knife and the transverse section;

(2) obliquely upwards cutting inclined wedge-shaped cutting surfaces with narrow lower parts, wide upper parts and skins at the upper parts of the positions of the grafting scions and the interfaces of the original stocks and the two side edges of the stems of the scions by using a cutter respectively, wherein the two inclined wedge-shaped cutting surfaces are symmetrical, and the middle parts of the two wedge-shaped cutting surfaces are still connected with the original stocks; respectively inserting the two wedge-shaped cut surfaces into the gaps of the two stocks cut in the step (1);

(3) and (3) smearing a healing agent on the joints connected in the step (2), respectively fastening the two joints by using a binding band, and cutting off the original stocks connected in the middle when the thickness of the new stocks is almost the same as that of the original stocks, so that the grafting for replacing the grape stocks is completed.

Further, the cutter in the step (1) comprises a handheld part and a cutting part; the handheld part is in a long strip shape, and one surface of the handheld part is in a concave arc along the length direction; the cutting part is in a strip shape, and one end of the cutting part is fixed on the concave cambered surface of the handheld part through a fixing shaft; the other end is a wedge-shaped knife edge end which can axially move around the fixed shaft; the fixed end of the cutting part is also externally provided with a limiting part, and the limiting part can limit the included angle between the cutting part and the handheld part between 0 and 30 degrees.

Further, the radian of the concave arc is 90-120 degrees.

Furthermore, the limiting part is a baffle which forms a fixed included angle of 30 degrees with the handheld part.

Further, the depth of the cleavage in the step (1) and the step (2) is as follows: 3cm-5 cm.

Further, the healing agent consists of the following components in parts by weight: 200g of cassava starch, 200mL of limewater, 20mg of gibberellin, 2mg of resveratrol and 1000mL of aloe juice.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the method aims at the grape grafted seedling which grows to bear fruits after 1-2 years, the requirement is to ensure that the grape can bear fruits in the same year, the survival rate of the grafted seedling is ensured, when the grafting of the stock is replaced, the traditional grafting mode of scion and single stock is not adopted, but the new stock is planted beside the grafted plant, the scion is directly grafted, the original stock and the scion are not cut off, a transitional growth system of 1 scion 2 stock (original stock and new stock) is formed, when the thickness of the new stock is not much different from that of the original stock, the nutrition supply to the scion can be ensured at the moment, the original stock is cut off, by adopting the grafting mode, the survival rate of the grafted seedling after the stock is replaced can be ensured, the harvest of the grape is not influenced, the stock can be replaced at the same time, and the loss of farmers is reduced to the maximum extent.

Because the application adopts the beveling mode of two sides to the scion, the grafting mode has higher requirements than the conventional grafting mode, the scion part is not easy to survive because the cut is not easy to grasp, and the scion part is difficult to survive, and the joint is required to be quickly healed for better growth, therefore, the applicant independently develops a healing agent component which comprises cassava starch, lime water, gibberellin and aloe juice, and the applicant finds that the conventional healing agent can not be attached to the wound of the plant, although the healing agent contains the components for promoting the healing of the plant, the effect is not outstanding; the components can be fixed on the plant wound due to the poor water permeability and air permeability of the solidified components such as paraffin and the like, but the absorption effect is not obvious; in the research process of the applicant, the aloe juice contains more polysaccharide components, flavones and other substances, has the characteristics of sterilization and high viscosity, but the adhesive force is still not strong, if a certain gelling component is added, the gelling capacity of the aloe juice can be improved, but the air permeability of most of colloids is not good, so that the applicant considers that a proper gelling component is selected from the starch, and through continuous attempts, finds that the cassava starch can well form a crosslinking reaction after being steamed and boiled, fully fuses the components of the aloe juice, the resveratrol, the gibberellin and the lime water, has certain viscosity, can be fully attached to a cut to form a closed isolation layer, can fully repair the cut, and can improve the survival rate of grafted seedlings.

[ description of the drawings ]

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of example 1 of the present invention before grafting;

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of example 1 of the present invention after grafting;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cutter in a closed state according to example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a fully opened state of a cutter blade according to embodiment 2 of the present invention

Description of the drawings: 1. scion grafting; 2. cutting into wedge-shaped noodles; 3. splitting; 4. original rootstock; 5. a new rootstock; 6. a hand-held portion; 601. a concave arc; 7. a cutting section; 701. a knife edge; 702. a fixed shaft; 8. a limiting part.

[ detailed description ] embodiments

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

In order to effectively play a role in photosynthesis, the bags used in all the experiments of examples 1 and 2 are transparent bags made of transparent materials.

Example 1:

the method for replacing the rootstock without influencing the harvest of the grapes comprises the following steps:

as shown in fig. 1, (1) two new stocks 5 (new stock 5BB grape seedlings) to be replaced are symmetrically planted on two sides of an original grafted seedling (scion sun rose, stock beida grape), after the new stocks 5 grow well, the new stocks 5 are transversely cut to form a transverse section, then a cutting knife is used for obliquely cutting downwards from the transverse section to cut a cutting opening 3, a 45-degree included angle is formed between the cutting knife and the transverse section (the included angle range is 40-60 degrees and can meet grafting requirements, the cutting opening is too flat when the included angle is less than 40 degrees and cannot be fixed with a wedge-shaped cutting surface 2 of a scion, and when the included angle range is more than 60 degrees, the cutting opening angle is too large, so that the new wedge-shaped cutting surface 2 and the cutting opening 3 cannot be completely attached due to the obstruction of the original stock 4 in the middle part, and the grafting effect is influenced, therefore, the optimum range is 40-60 degrees; the depth of the split 3 is: 3cm (the depth of the split opening 3 is 3-5 cm, the grafting requirement can be met, the interface is not stable when the depth is less than 3cm, and the split opening is too deep when the depth is more than 5cm, so that the operation is inconvenient).

(2) Obliquely cutting inclined wedge-shaped cutting surfaces 2 with narrow lower parts and wide upper parts and with skins upwards by using a cutter respectively above the interface of the grafted seedling scion 1 and the original stock 4 and on two side edges of the stem part of the scion 1, wherein the wedge-shaped cutting surfaces 2 correspond to the internal shape and size of the split opening 3 of the new stock obtained in the step (1), the two inclined wedge-shaped cutting surfaces 2 are symmetrical, and the middle parts of the two wedge-shaped cutting surfaces 2 are still connected with the original stock 4; respectively inserting the wedge-shaped bevel 2 into the splitting openings 3 of the two new stocks cut in the step (1);

(3) smearing a healing agent on the connected interfaces in the step (2), respectively fastening the two interfaces by using a binding band, and cutting off the original rootstock 4 connected in the middle when the thickness of the new rootstock 5 is almost the same as that of the original rootstock 4, namely completing the grafting for replacing the grape rootstock; the schematic diagram of grafting after replacement of rootstock is shown in fig. 2.

The healing agent of this example consisted of the following ingredients: 200g of cassava starch, 200mL of lime water, 20mg of gibberellin, 2mg of resveratrol and 1000mL of aloe juice; among the healing agents: the lime water is a saturated solution of the lime water; the aloe juice is obtained by uniformly mixing aloe and distilled water according to the ratio of 1: 2, pulping and filtering.

Example 2:

the method for replacing the rootstock in this embodiment is the same as that in embodiment 1, except that the cutter structure used in this embodiment is shown in fig. 3-4: the cutter comprises a handheld part 6 and a cutting part 7; the handheld part 6 is long, and one surface of the handheld part is a concave arc 601 along the length direction; the cutting part 7 is in a strip shape, and one end of the cutting part is fixed on the concave arc 601 surface of the handheld part through a fixing shaft 702; the other end is a wedge-shaped knife edge 701 end, and the knife edge 701 end can axially move around the fixed shaft 702; a limiting part 8 is further arranged outside the fixed end of the cutting part 7, and the limiting part 8 can limit the included angle between the cutting part 7 and the handheld part 6 to be 0-30 degrees;

in order to limit the angle of the cutting part 7 to 0-30 degrees, the limiting part 8 is a baffle which forms a fixed included angle of 30 degrees with the handheld part 6.

In order to better attach the handheld part 6 to the outer surface of the grape stem, the radian of the concave arc 601 is 100 degrees (the radian is 90-120 degrees, the cutting requirement can be met, the radian is too large or too small, the radian cannot be matched with the outer wall of the stem of the stock or the scion, and the grappling is inconvenient to grasp).

Method of bisecting rootstock using the cutter of example 2: after the stock is transversely cut to form a circular section, the cutting part 7 of the cutter is closed to the handheld part 6 to be in a state shown in figure 3 (inverted and the cut 701 is downward), then the cut 701 is attached to the upper edge of the section of the stock, the handheld part 6 is pulled downward to enable the handheld part 6 to move downward along the outer stem of the stock, the cut 701 is cut into the stock, the stock is slowly opened and moved downward to be cut into the stock under the action of pulling force and stock section resistance, and when the base part of the stock reaches a limit position and is limited, the stock is cut into the stock as shown in figure 4 (inverted and the cut 701 is downward), namely the split opening of the stock is completed. The cutting by the cutter can ensure that the stock wood splitting opening 3 can meet the grafting requirement, and is neat, uniform and rapid.

The method for performing the bevel treatment on the stem of the scion 1 by using the cutter in the embodiment 2 comprises the steps of opening the knife edge 701 of the cutter, enabling the knife edge 701 to face upwards as shown in fig. 4, then attaching the concave surface 601 of the handheld part to the stem of the scion 1 as much as possible, pressing the joint of the cutting part 7 and the handheld part 6, slowly pressing the knife edge 701 into the stem of the scion 1 until the handheld part is basically parallel to the scion 1, and finishing the wedge-shaped bevel 2 treatment of the scion 1, wherein the bevel 2 treated in the way can be basically attached to the split opening 3 of the stock.

Influence of different grafting methods on grape growth:

the grafting of the changed stock is carried out in 3 test fields of the applicant in the following modes respectively:

group 1: grafting of the changed stock is carried out by the method of the embodiment 1; and the grafted seedling of example 1 is treated by the cutter of example 2;

group 2: grafting of the changed stock is carried out by the method of the embodiment 1; but with conventional blade treatment;

group 3: the conventional grafting method is adopted, namely, the scion is retreated, separated from the original stock and then cut into a bevel by a cutter, and is grafted to the stock of a new variety, and a healing agent is not adopted to treat a wound.

The groups 1-3 have the same field management method except the difference of the grafting method, and in the groups 1-3, the grape variety of the scion is the sunshine rose; the original stock variety is grape; the new rootstock variety is 5BB grape. 20 grafted seedlings were placed in each test field.

Observing and counting the accumulated dead plants of the grafted seedlings at 5 th, 10 th, 15 th, 20 th and 30 th days after grafting, and obtaining results which are shown in a table 1; simultaneously observing the fruiting time of the grapes, selecting the grape plants with the best fruiting in the first 1 year before the grafting in the groups 1-3 for observation and statistics, firstly observing the year (called the first fruit year) of fruiting starting after the rootstock replacement, recording the current year of fruiting as the 0 th year, recording the 1 st year of fruiting starting after the grafting, and recording the 2 nd year of fruiting starting after the grafting; weighing fruits after grapes are ripe, calculating yield increase rate, wherein the yield increase rate calculation formula is (initial fruit annual yield-current annual yield before rootstock replacement grafting) multiplied by 100%/current annual yield before rootstock replacement grafting, and the obtained results are shown in a table 2:

TABLE 1 number of grafted seedling deaths (Unit: plant)

Group of	5d th	10d th	Th 15d	No. 20d	No. 30d
						Group
1	0	0	0	0	0
						Group 2	1	1	1	1	1
Group 3	5	6	6	6	6

As can be seen from table 1, the applicant found that when the group 2 dead grafted seedlings were observed: when the rootstock or the scion is cut by adopting the blade operation, the operation is improper, the size, the angle and the depth of the cut are not well held, and the survival condition of the rootstock or the scion is influenced; the cutters in the embodiment 2 are uniform in specification, and the notches obtained by preset limiting and angle adjustment are relatively uniform, so that the occurrence of misoperation is reduced; the death number of the group 3 is larger than that of the groups 1-2, which shows that the healing agent can reduce the death of the grafted seedlings in the process of replacing the rootstocks of the scions which grow for 1-2 years; the method can effectively improve the survival rate of the grafted seedlings by replacing the rootstocks.

TABLE 2 fruit time and yield enhancement of grafted seedlings

As can be seen from Table 2, the yield increase differences of groups 1-3 are not obvious, which indicates that the grape yield is related to the variety of the rootstock in the application; the initial fruit years of the groups 1-2 are the same as those of the group 3, which shows that the grafting method of the application can bear fruits in the same year when the rootstocks are replaced as long as grafted seedlings can survive and whether the fruit time is not influenced by cutting by using a grafting knife; the fruiting time of replacing the rootstock of the grape can be effectively improved only by forming a transitional grafting mode of 1 scion and 2 rootstock varieties.

Determination of the effect of the healing agent components on grafting:

the grafting method of the above example 1 was used, and the scions and new stocks were treated with the cutters of the example 2, different from the examples, the following experimental examples respectively use the healing agent components of table 3; the test seedlings of each test example are 100, and the cumulative number of dead seedlings of the grafted seedlings is observed and counted at 5d, 10d, 15d, 20d and 30d after grafting, and the obtained results are shown in a table 4:

TABLE 3 healing agent Components

Group of	Cassava starch (g)	Lime water (mL)	Gibberellins (mg)	Resveratrol (mg)	Aloe juice
						Test example 1	100	100	0	0	Adding to 1000mL
Test example 2	150	150	10	1	Adding to 1000mL
						Test example 3	200	200	20	2	Adding to 1000mL
Test example 4	250	250	30	3	Adding to 1000mL
						Test example 5	0	0	0	4	1000mL

The processing method of the healing agent comprises the following steps: the lime water is saturated solution of lime water; the aloe juice is obtained by uniformly mixing aloe and distilled water according to the ratio of 1: 2, pulping and filtering; mixing cassava starch, lime water, gibberellin and aloe juice, stirring, heating while stirring, boiling, and cooling to room temperature for 2-3 min.

TABLE 4 death number of grafted seedlings (plant)

Group of	5d th	10d th	Th 15d	No. 20d	No. 30d
						Test example 1	5	7	7	7	7
Test ofExample 2	2	2	2	2	2
						Test example 3	0	0	0	0	0
Test example 4	3	4	4	4	4
						Test example 5	10	12	13	13	13

As is clear from table 4, test example 3 has the lowest death number, and test example 2, test example 4, test example 1, and test example 5 are listed in this order. In the healing agent composition of the application, the functions of the cassava starch, the lime water and the gibberellin are all the same, and the most suitable composition is as follows: 200g of cassava starch, 200mL of limewater, 20mg of gibberellin, 2mg of resveratrol and 1000mL of aloe juice. In the healing agent, the cassava starch has the functions of improving the viscosity of the healing agent and the adhesion capacity of the healing agent and promoting the absorption capacity of a grafting opening to the healing agent, the lime water and the aloe juice have the functions of sterilizing, disinfecting and promoting the healing and growth of the grafting opening, the gibberellin has the effect of promoting the healing of a wound, and the survival rate of the grafted grapes is influenced by the lack of any component.

In conclusion, by adopting the method for replacing the rootstock, the grafted seedling which can bear fruit in the same year, the harvest of grapes is not influenced, the rootstock can be synchronously replaced, the loss of growers can be reduced to the maximum extent, the cutter can uniformly form the cut to facilitate grafting, and the healing agent used in cooperation with the cutter can further improve the survival rate of the grafted seedling.

The above examples merely represent some embodiments of the invention, which are described in more detail and in greater detail, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A rootstock replacing method without influencing grape harvest is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) planting two stocks to be replaced on two sides of a grafted seedling by needle name, transversely cutting the stocks by the needles after the stocks grow well, and then obliquely cutting downwards from the transverse section by using a cutter to cut a gap at the boundary, wherein an included angle of 40-60 degrees is formed between the cutter and the transverse section;

(2) respectively requiring a cutter to slant to an inclined wedge-shaped cutting surface with narrow border width and skin below the border of a grafted seedling scion and two side edges of a stem generation of the scion and an original stock interface, wherein the name of the two inclined wedge-shaped cutting surfaces is that the middle generation of the two wedge-shaped cutting surfaces is still connected with the original stock; respectively inserting the two wedge-shaped bevel surfaces into the split-opening generations of the two rootstocks cut into the boundary in the step (1);

(3) and (3) applying a healing agent to the connected joints in the step (2), respectively fastening the two joints by using a binding band, and cutting off the original stocks connected in the middle when the thickness of the new stocks is almost the same as that of the original stocks for generations, namely, obtaining grafting for replacing the grape stocks.

2. According to the method for replacing the rootstock without influencing the harvest of the grapes, as described in claim 1, the method is characterized in that the cutter in the step (1) comprises a handheld generation and a cutting generation; the handheld device is in a strip shape, and one surface of the handheld device is in a concave arc shape along the length direction; the cutting generation is in a strip shape, and one end of the cutting generation is fixed on a concave arc surface of the handheld generation through a fixing shaft; the other end is a wedge-shaped knife edge end which does axial movement around a fixed shaft; the fixed end of the cutting generation is further provided with a wide-insurance generation, and the wide-insurance generation enables the included angle between the cutting generation and the handheld generation to be 0-30 degrees.

3. According to the advantage 2, the method for replacing the rootstock without influencing the harvest of the grapes is characterized in that the radian of the concave arc is 90-120 degrees.

4. According to the advantage 1, the method for replacing the rootstock without influencing the harvest of the grapes is characterized in that the depth generation of the splitting openings in the steps (1) and (2): 3cm-5 cm.

5. According to the claim 1, the method for replacing rootstock without affecting grape harvest is characterized in that the healing agent comprises the following components: 200g of cassava starch, 200mL of limewater, 20mg of gibberellin, 2mg of resveratrol and 1000mL of aloe juice.