CN111685083A - Method for raising wheat moths by using wheat - Google Patents
Method for raising wheat moths by using wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN111685083A CN111685083A CN202010628666.7A CN202010628666A CN111685083A CN 111685083 A CN111685083 A CN 111685083A CN 202010628666 A CN202010628666 A CN 202010628666A CN 111685083 A CN111685083 A CN 111685083A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for raising a wheat moth by using wheat, which comprises the following steps: s1, cleaning feed: the wheat is screened, and the influence of the environment temperature and humidity on feeding is reduced; s2, sterilizing and killing insects on the wheat; s3, inoculating a wheat moth egg to the sterilized wheat; s4, breeding the wheat moth under the conditions that the temperature is 28-32 ℃ and the humidity is 83-87% to obtain the wheat moth eggs. The wheat is used for raising the wheat moths to obtain a large amount of host eggs, and particularly, the method provides an opportunity for popularizing and applying trichogramma in areas lacking of barley resources. The invention gives full play to the advantages of biological control, reduces or avoids the use of pesticides, increases the biological diversity of field species, protects the healthy growth of crops with the minimum ecological cost, increases the food safety, promotes the sustainability of the environment and achieves better comprehensive economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological control of plant protection pests, in particular to a method for feeding wheat moths by using wheat.
Background
Trichogramma (Trichogramma westwood) belongs to Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera), ananyria sub-order ((Apocrita), Trichogramma (Trichogrammatidae), Trichogramma, and is an egg parasitic bee, which is distributed throughout the world and is in various varieties, 180 species of Trichogramma are recorded in the world at present, and 29 species of Trichogramma are recorded in China.
The research of the trichogramma host eggs plays a great promoting role in the application development of the trichogramma. Host eggs which are internationally used for large-scale production at present comprise host eggs such as wheat moth eggs, Mediterranean pink moth eggs, rice moth eggs, silkworm eggs and the like. The wheat moth eggs are host eggs generally applied to trichogramma large-scale production in the world at present, barley is mainly used for breeding the wheat moths, but the barley resources are relatively lacked in many areas, breeding technologies of other host eggs are laggard, and serious obstacles are brought to application and popularization of the trichogramma biological prevention and control technology. Meanwhile, in recent years, the market price of barley rises all the way, and the raising cost of trichogramma is increased.
Wheat is a main food crop in many countries and regions in China, and no relevant report is found on whether the wheat can be used for breeding intermediate host wheat moths so as to propagate trichogramma massively.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a method for feeding the wheat moth by using the wheat.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for raising a wheat moth by using wheat, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning feed: the wheat is screened, and the influence of the environment temperature and humidity on feeding is reduced;
s2, sterilizing and killing insects on the wheat;
s3, inoculating a wheat moth egg to the sterilized wheat;
s4, breeding the wheat moth under the conditions that the temperature is 28-32 ℃ and the humidity is 83-87% to obtain the wheat moth eggs.
Preferably, in step S1, impurities are removed from wheat, clean wheat with hulls is screened as feed, fumigated with methyl bromide or aluminum phosphide, and ventilated for 1-2 days until the agent is emitted for standby.
Preferably, in step S2, 1mL of the eggs of the wheat moth are added per kilogram of wheat.
Preferably, in step S3, after the eggs of the gelechiid moths are raised for 30 days, the gelechiid moths automatically fall into the moth receiving bottle along the funnel-shaped nylon film, and the gelechiid moths eggs are collected.
Preferably, steps S1 to S35 are repeated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the wheat is used for raising the wheat moths to obtain a large amount of host eggs, and particularly, the method provides an opportunity for popularizing and applying trichogramma in areas lacking of barley resources. The invention gives full play to the advantages of biological control, reduces or avoids the use of pesticides, increases the biological diversity of field species, protects the healthy growth of crops with the minimum ecological cost, increases the food safety, promotes the sustainability of the environment and achieves better comprehensive economic benefits.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for raising a wheat moth by using wheat comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning the wheat, fumigating the cleaned wheat, the feeding room, the feeding frame, the wheat and the like of the moths with methyl bromide, ventilating for 1-2 days, and reserving after the medicament is dispersed. In the process of feeding the wheat moths, production workshop or equipment often causes the infection of mites, rice moths, spiders or saprophytic fungi and the like, so that regular disinfection is carried out in the production process;
s2, uniformly loading the wheat on insect breeding plates, placing the insect breeding plates on insect breeding frames, wherein each insect breeding frame can contain 30 insect breeding plates, adding 1mL of wheat moth eggs per kilogram of wheat, sleeving a funnel-shaped nylon film with air holes at the top and an insect receiving bottle at the bottom, and placing 3kg of wheat per plate.
S3, feeding the wheat moths under the conditions that the temperature is 28-32 ℃ and the humidity is 83-87%, wherein 30 days is a production period. Mature adult wheat moth falls into the insect receiving bottle along the funnel-shaped nylon film in the raising process, and when the insect receiving amount of the insect receiving bottle reaches 200 and 300 heads, the insect receiving bottle is taken down and replaced by a new insect receiving bottle. Covering the removed insect receiving bottle with a nylon yarn cover with a small hole, and standing upside down on an egg receiving frame, wherein most of the eggs laid by the adult insects fall into the egg receiving frame, and the small eggs laid on the bottle wall of the insect receiving bottle. After part of eggs are dead, sweeping the adult insects out of the insect receiving bottle, sweeping out the eggs on the wall of the insect receiving bottle, putting the eggs together with the eggs on the egg receiving frame, and screening out scales, impurities and the like of the adult insects by using a sieve with a small hole.
Because the wheat has partial glumes outside, the glumes are similar to the barley but thinner or smaller than the barley, the glumes affect the eating rate of the larvae of the wheat moths, thereby reducing the utilization rate of the wheat and increasing the feeding cost. Therefore, according to the method for raising the wheat moths, the wheat grains are firstly washed by water, and then a high-temperature damp-heat disinfection method is adopted, so that the wheat grains can be disinfected, the glumes can be loosened, and the wheat moths can be eaten by the young insects, so that the propagation quantity of the wheat moths is effectively increased, and the raising cost is reduced.
According to the method for raising the wheat moth, the experiment is repeated for 5 times, and the number of emerging wheat moth adults, the size of the moth bodies, the service life, the egg laying amount, the size of eggs and the development period are mainly observed and recorded. And (3) collecting the imagoes of the wheat moths and the eggs of the wheat moths once every day from the eclosion of the wheat moths, measuring the yield of the imagoes and the eggs of the imagoes by using a measuring cylinder after the eggs of the wheat moths are purified by using an impurity removing device, and respectively recording the number of the imagoes and the egg laying amount.
The tested wheat moth eggs are obtained by breeding wheat moths by using barley, and the glume of the No. 4 Bingmai of the tested feed is thicker than that of other varieties and is a special variety. Larva raising tray, length, width, height, 0.47, 0.32, 0.035 m; an illumination incubator with the model GXZ-403 and an insect dissecting mirror SZ3100 are purchased from the market. Adult raising frames, length, width, height, 0.90, 0.70, 0.03m, adult raising bags, length, width, height, 1.50, 0.80, O.lOm, adult collecting boxes and spawning boxes, length, width, height, 0.45, 0.05m, all made by the homemade.
1. Feeding method
After the wheat is cleaned, the cleaned wheat, a feeding room for the wheat moths, a feeding frame, the wheat and the like are fumigated by methyl bromide, ventilation is carried out for 1-2 days, after the medicament is dispersed, the wheat is uniformly arranged on insect breeding plates, each plate of 3kg of wheat is placed on the insect breeding frame, 30 insect breeding plates can be placed on each insect breeding frame, 1mL of wheat moth eggs are added into each kilogram of wheat, and a funnel-shaped nylon film with air holes at the top and insect receiving bottles at the bottom is sleeved on the insect breeding frame. The method comprises the following steps of feeding the wheat moths under the conditions that the temperature is 27-29 ℃ and the humidity is 65-75%, wherein a production period is 30 days. The wheat moth eggs are obtained through adult collecting boxes and ovipositing boxes, and the experiment is repeated for 5 times. The main observation records the quantity of emerging imagoes of the wheat moth, the size of the imagoes, the life span, the egg laying amount, the size of eggs and the development duration. And (3) collecting the imagoes of the wheat moths and the eggs of the wheat moths once every day from the eclosion of the wheat moths, measuring the yield of the imagoes and the eggs of the imagoes by using a measuring cylinder after the eggs of the wheat moths are purified by using an impurity removing device, and respectively recording the number of the imagoes and the egg laying amount.
2. Hatching rate of wheat moth eggs
Randomly picking 0.5m1 wheat eggs, adhering the eggs to a double-sided adhesive tape, placing the eggs in a larva breeding tray, growing for 5 days in a breeding environment with the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and the humidity of 70-80%, placing the adhesive tape under an insect dissecting lens, recording the number of hatched eggs of white egg shells and the number of brown and shriveled unhatched eggs under the visual field (an eyepiece X objective lens is 10X5), and calculating the hatching rate. Repeat 3 times with barley as control.
3. Feeding rate of young insects and eclosion rate of adult wheat moths
When the wheat inoculated with the wheat moth eggs is raised in a larva raising room for 20 days, randomly extracting 30 wheat grains, observing whether moth holes exist on the surface of the wheat grains, splitting the wheat grains to see whether the wheat moth larvae exist, and if yes, showing the wheat grains as moth-eaten grains, otherwise, showing the wheat grains as non-moth-eaten grains. When the wheat is raised for 25 days, randomly drawing 30 wheat grains, observing whether the surface of the wheat grains has eclosion holes, splitting the wheat grains to see whether pupa shells exist or not, and if the pupa shells exist or the wheat grains are empty, indicating that the wheat moths have eclosion. And recording the number of wheat grains eaten by the young insects, the number of non-eaten grains, the number of eclosion grains of adults and the number of non-eclosion grains of the adults, and calculating the eating rate and the eclosion rate of the young insects. Repeat 3 times.
4. Measurement of size of imago body and ovum of wheat moth
And measuring the body of the adult, namely randomly and respectively extracting 30 adult wheat moths, placing the adult wheat moths under an insect dissecting mirror, and measuring the body length and the winging width of the adult wheat moths by using a vernier caliper. And (4) measuring the size of the eggs, namely randomly drawing 30 wheat moth eggs, placing the wheat moth eggs under an insect dissecting mirror, and measuring the length and the width of the eggs by using a vernier caliper. And recording the sizes of the body and the eggs of the adult wheat moth.
5. Development period and adult life of wheat moth
The development period is the time from inoculation of the wheat moth eggs to emergence of the first wheat moth, and is repeated for 5 times. The adult life is from emergence to death, and the specific method comprises covering gauze on a wheat moth larva feeding plate, loading newly emerged moth single end into a test tube with diameter of 20mm and length of 100mm, sealing with black cloth, and providing no food. Observing the life of the wheat moth, contacting the body of the wheat moth with an insect dissecting needle when the wheat moth has no obvious activity, and if the wheat moth has no obvious activity, the wheat moth survives, otherwise, the wheat moth dies. Days in development history and days in adult life were recorded. Repeat for 30 times.
6. Utilization rate of wheat
Counting from the first egg collection, if no moth and egg are collected for 5 consecutive days, the collection is stopped. Measuring the utilization rate of feed, randomly extracting 500 wheat grains, immersing in water for 30min, recording the number of the wheat grains deposited on the water bottom, and calculating the utilization rate. Repeat 5 times.
7. Determination of development index of trichogramma raised by wheat moth eggs
Placing the double-sided adhesive tape with the wheat moth eggs in a large test tube, wherein the width of the double-sided adhesive tape is 15mm, the length of the double-sided adhesive tape is 180mm, about 15000 eggs, the diameter of the large test tube is 30mm, the length of the large test tube is 200mm, transferring the double-sided adhesive tape into newly emerged adult bees about 1500 heads according to the bee-egg ratio of 1:10, wherein about 1000 heads of female bees are sealed by black cloth, and 50% of honey water is taken as a food source. Parasitizing in an illumination incubator with the temperature of 25 Deg 1 deg.C, the humidity of 70-80% and the photoperiod of 14L:10D for 24h, observing and recording the quality indexes of trichogramma parasitizing rate, eclosion rate, female ratio and bee aberration rate.
Parasitic rate 7 days after the parasitic ovum grows, the double-sided adhesive tape with ovum is taken out and placed under the field of view of an anatomical lens (an eyepiece X objective lens is 10X5), the number of black (parasitic ovum), white and shrinkage (non-parasitic ovum) ovum is checked and recorded, and the parasitic rate is calculated. Repeat 3 times.
After the trichogramma is eclosized, taking out the double-sided adhesive tape and placing the double-sided adhesive tape under the field of view of an anatomical lens, recording the number of black eggs, checking whether the eggs have eclosion holes or not, if the eggs do not have obvious eclosion holes, picking the eggs by using a pin, checking whether the eggs have residues of parasitic bees or no eclosion forming bees or indicating that the eggs are eclosion if the eggs have parasitic bees or indicating that the eggs do not have eclosion if the eggs have liquid flowing out from the eggs. The emergence rate is calculated. Repeat 3 times.
The female bee ratio is that 30 adult bees are randomly selected and placed under the view of an anatomical lens, the X objective of an ocular lens is 10X5, and female bees are checked and recorded
The quantity of the bees and the male bees, the tentacle minor of the female bees is in a rod shape, the tentacle minor of the male wind is in a rod shape and grows hair, and the female bee ratio is calculated. Repeat 3 times.
As a result:
the result of the development period of the wheat moth shows that the longest development period of the wheat moth fed with the wheat as the feed is 45 days, the shortest development period is 40 days, and the average shortest development period is 42.4 days. The adult life is 8 days at the longest and 3 days at the shortest, and the average life is 5.5 days respectively.
The survival rate test result shows that the maximum hatchability of the wheat moth eggs bred by using the wheat is 98.8 percent, the minimum hatchability is 96.0 percent, and the average hatchability is 97.3 percent. The maximum feeding rate of the wheat moth larvae on wheat is 96.7 percent, the minimum feeding rate is 83.3 percent, and the average feeding rate is 89.6 percent. The highest emergence rate of the adult wheat moth is 96.7 percent, the lowest emergence rate is 80.0 percent, and the average emergence rate is 88.9 percent.
The moth yield, egg yield and quality results show that when the wheat moths are bred by using the wheat, the highest moth yield per kilogram of the wheat is 2065 heads, the lowest moth yield per kilogram of the wheat is 1856 heads, and the average moth yield per kilogram of the wheat is 1976 heads. The egg laying amount of wheat per kg is 14.3m1 at the highest, 12.8m1 at the lowest and 13.4m1 on average. The adult size of the wheat moth bred by the wheat is 6.5mm as the longest length, 4.3mm as the shortest length and 5.5mm as the average length; the maximum width of the spread wing is 12.3mm, the minimum width is 9.lmm, and the average spread wing width is l0.lmm. The longest dimension of the wheat moth eggs is 0.6mm, the shortest dimension is 0.5mm, and the average egg length is 0.6 mm; the maximum width of the egg is 0.3mm, the minimum width of the egg is 0.2mm, and the average width of the egg is 0.2 mm.
The results of the wheat utilization rate test show that when the wheat is used for raising the wheat moths, the highest utilization rate of the wheat is 80.8 percent, the lowest utilization rate of the wheat is 77.6 percent, and the average utilization rate of the wheat is 79.5 percent.
The results of the parasitic rate of the wheat moth eggs and the growth and development of trichogramma show that the trichogramma is bred by using the wheat raised wheat moth eggs, the highest parasitic rate of the wheat moth eggs is 90.1, the lowest parasitic rate of the wheat moth eggs is 80.4, and the average parasitic rate is 84.7; the highest emergence rate is 95.1, the lowest emergence rate is 90.1, and the average emergence rate is 92.6; the maximum ratio of female bees is 61.2, the minimum ratio is 55.7, and the average ratio is 56.8; the bee aberration rate is 13.4 at most, 3.1 at least, and 8.5 on average.
Economic benefit analysis shows that the field test result of releasing the trichogramma for preventing and controlling the Asiatic corn borers in the market of the public main ridge shows that 1.5kg of wheat is needed when the trichogramma is applied to prevent and control the Asiatic corn borers, about 130000 trichogramma and about 15m1 wheat moth eggs are released every hectare, and 2.6 yuan per kg of wheat is needed according to local market price, so that the feed cost is 3.9 yuan. The production of 15m1 wheat moth eggs requires 1.2kg according to the efficiency of raising wheat moth by local barley, and requires 4.8 yuan per kilogram according to the local barley market price. If the trichogramma is released once per hectare, if the wheat is used for breeding the wheat moth, the feed cost is saved by 0.9 yuan. In regions with serious generation overlapping of Asiatic corn borers, the trichogramma needs to be released for 3-5 times to achieve the prevention and control effect, and the feed cost can be saved by 2.6-4.4 yuan per hectare.
The experimental result of using four feeds of barley, wheat, rice and corn to breed the wheat moth shows that the feeding rates of the larvae are 89.5%, 88.9%, 86.7% and 38.9% respectively, the emergence rates are 91.2%, 87.4%, 83.5% and 44.2% respectively, each kilogram of feed can produce 2011 heads, 1870 heads, 1674 heads and 401 heads respectively, and the spawning rates are 15.9m1,12.9m1,12.4m1 and 5.8m1 respectively.
The cost can be reduced by using the wheat to feed the trichogramma, the limitation of biological pest control application of trichogramma bred in large quantities in countries and regions without barley planting can be solved, abundant local wheat resources are fully utilized, more selection opportunities are provided for feeding trichogramma intermediate host trichogramma, and the application of the trichogramma in the prevention and control of lepidoptera pests in agriculture and forestry in the regions can be greatly promoted.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (5)
1. A method for raising a wheat moth by using wheat is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, cleaning feed: the wheat is screened, and the influence of the environment temperature and humidity on feeding is reduced;
s2, sterilizing and killing insects on the wheat;
s3, inoculating a wheat moth egg to the sterilized wheat;
s4, breeding the wheat moth under the conditions that the temperature is 28-32 ℃ and the humidity is 83-87% to obtain the wheat moth eggs.
2. The method for raising moths using wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, impurities are removed from wheat, clean wheat with the relevant husk is selected as a feed, fumigation is performed using methyl bromide or aluminum phosphide, and ventilation is performed for 1-2 days until the agent is released for standby.
3. The method for raising a wheat moth using wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein 1mL of the egg of the wheat moth is added per kg of the wheat in step S2.
4. The method for rearing a wheat moth using wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wheat moth egg is reared at step S3 for 30 days, and then automatically dropped into an insect receiving bottle along a funnel-shaped nylon film to collect the egg.
5. The method for feeding wheat moth using wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps S1 to S35 are repeated.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112205358A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-12 | 云南农业大学 | Indoor population propagation method for spodoptera frugiperda |
| CN116171941A (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-05-30 | 福建省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Application of wheat seedlings in cold storage of trichogramma longsynanthassemblies and cold storage method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1253723A (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2000-05-24 | 长春鸿达农业生物技术开发有限公司 | Small egg intermediate host industrial production process of oophagous trichogrammae |
| CN1397159A (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2003-02-19 | 衡水田益生防有限责任公司 | Technology for industrially culturing trichogramma with gelechiid ova |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1253723A (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2000-05-24 | 长春鸿达农业生物技术开发有限公司 | Small egg intermediate host industrial production process of oophagous trichogrammae |
| CN1397159A (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2003-02-19 | 衡水田益生防有限责任公司 | Technology for industrially culturing trichogramma with gelechiid ova |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112205358A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-12 | 云南农业大学 | Indoor population propagation method for spodoptera frugiperda |
| CN116171941A (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-05-30 | 福建省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Application of wheat seedlings in cold storage of trichogramma longsynanthassemblies and cold storage method |
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Application publication date: 20200922 |