CN111642164B - Technology for reforming cold rotten fields of south mountain ridges into high-yield melon orchards - Google Patents
Technology for reforming cold rotten fields of south mountain ridges into high-yield melon orchards Download PDFInfo
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- CN111642164B CN111642164B CN202010346167.9A CN202010346167A CN111642164B CN 111642164 B CN111642164 B CN 111642164B CN 202010346167 A CN202010346167 A CN 202010346167A CN 111642164 B CN111642164 B CN 111642164B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
- E03F5/0401—Gullies for use in roads or pavements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technique for reforming a cold rotten field of a mountain ridge in the south into a melon garden with high yield, which comprises the following steps: planning a main road for melon and garden vehicle running on a cold rotten field, wherein a main road drainage ditch is formed on the main road, and meanwhile, a field drainage ditch is formed on the cold rotten field along the main road direction at a row spacing of 5-5.5 meters; after draining for half a year, constructing a planting groove on the field drainage ditch; constructing a road ditch between two adjacent planting grooves; building a drip irrigation system under the membrane on the planting groove; and a layer of mulching film is covered on the ridge surface of the field planting groove. The invention provides a technique for reforming a cold rotten field of a mountain ridge in the south into a melon garden with high yield, which has the advantages of low cost, easy construction, high speed, convenient transportation, sustainable use, capability of controlling the soil in a planting groove to be fertile and the moisture to be kept between 30 and 100 percent, suitability for the growth of various crops, planting various melons, fruits, vegetables and the like, and economic benefit which is more than 10 times of that of planting rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cold rotten field transformation, in particular to a technology for transforming a southern mountain ridge cold rotten field into a high-yield melon garden.
Background
The cold and rotten fields of swamps are formed by accumulated water in the south mountain ridge fields, and the swamps in the cold and rotten fields have a depth of one meter, so that the mechanical cultivation is impossible, the manual operation is adopted, and the cultivation is difficult. With the aging of the agricultural population, the cold rotten fields are thrown and abandoned in a large area, the land resource waste is extremely high, and more than 30 ten thousand mu of the thrown cold rotten fields exist in 309.9 ten mu of the southern flat city. The nationwide is more unknown. Although the cold rotten field which is not thrown is free from strong seed rice, the benefit is low, and the effect of land resources cannot be fully exerted. Many land improvement projects only make some levels on the surface, and the ground water level is not reduced fundamentally, so that the standard of a good land is not reached. To change these fields to fertile fields, a viable technical solution is required: firstly, construction is simple, secondly, cost is low, thirdly, input-output ratio is high, and thirdly, sustainable use is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a technology for reforming a cold rotten field of a mountain ridge in the south into a melon garden with high yield aiming at the problems of the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a technique for reforming a cold rotten field of a mountain ridge in the south into a high-yield melon garden comprises the following steps:
s1, planning a main road for melon and garden vehicle running on a cold rotten field, wherein a main road drainage ditch is formed in the main road, and meanwhile, a field drainage ditch is formed in the cold rotten field along the main road direction at a row spacing of 5-5.5 meters;
s2, after draining for half a year, building a planting groove on the field drainage ditch;
s3, constructing a road ditch between two adjacent planting grooves;
s4, building a drip irrigation system under the membrane on the planting groove;
s5, covering a layer of mulching film on the ridge surface of the planting groove.
Preferably, the specific steps of step S2 include:
s21, widening the field drainage ditch to form a field planting ditch, and placing core soil which is widened and dug out by the field drainage ditch on one side of the field planting ditch;
s22, paving a film in the planting groove, wherein two sides of the film are pressed on two sides of the planting groove to form a concave planting groove;
s23, mixing surface soil at the other side of the planting ditch with a coarse organic fertilizer and filling the mixture into the concave planting groove;
s24, filling core soil on one side of the planting ditch into the dug surface soil position on the other side of the planting ditch, so that the land is leveled.
Preferably, the width of the field drainage ditch is 60-80cm, the depth is 50-60cm, and the gradient is 5-20 degrees.
Preferably, the width of the planting groove is 2.5m, the depth is 50-60cm, and the width of the film is 4m.
Preferably, the width of the road ditch is 1.2-1.5m, the road ditch surface is 20cm lower than the top surface of the field planting groove, the gradient is 5-20 degrees, and the soil surface of the road ditch is compacted and flattened by an excavator.
Preferably, the drip irrigation system under the film comprises a fertilizer dissolving tank, a water and fertilizer tank, a water inlet pipe, a water pump, a water outlet pipe, a main pipeline, branch pipelines and drip pipes, wherein the fertilizer dissolving tank, the water and fertilizer tank, the water inlet pipe, the water pump, the water outlet pipe and the main pipeline are sequentially connected, a plurality of branch pipelines are connected to the main pipeline, a plurality of drip pipes are connected to each branch pipeline, and the drip pipes are used for drip irrigation of the field planting grooves.
Preferably, a filter screen is arranged at the water outlet of the water and fertilizer tank, a filter is arranged at the joint of the water outlet pipe and the main pipeline, and a control valve is arranged on the branch pipeline.
Preferably, the sole hole of the deep marsh on the road ditch is firstly dug to the depth, and then the water hole is filled with loess, so that the road ditch is hard and is beneficial to driving.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the background technology, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the soil in the field planting groove is fertile, the water content can be controlled to be kept between 30 and 100 percent, the field planting groove is suitable for the growth of various crops, various melons, fruits, vegetables and the like, and the economic benefit is more than 10 times of that of rice planting.
2. The cost is low, the construction is easy, the mu cost is not more than 5000 yuan, and compared with the development of hillside fields, the construction method is more economical.
3. The road and ditch is smooth, the road and ditch is hard, the traffic is convenient, the operation of tillage machinery and transportation machinery is facilitated, the manual labor intensity is reduced, and the labor efficiency is improved.
4. Can be changed into paddy fields rapidly to solve the problem of grain safety re-tillage.
5. Is beneficial to developing modern agriculture, overcomes the aging difficulty of agricultural personnel, and reasonably and effectively protects cultivated land resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a modification technique disclosed in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a modification technique according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are all based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element of the present invention must have a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The invention discloses a technology for reforming a cold rotten field of a mountain ridge in the south into a high-yield melon garden by matching with the diagrams shown in fig. 1 and 2, which comprises the following steps:
s1, planning a main road for melon and orchard vehicle operation on a cold rotten field, wherein a main road drainage ditch is formed in the main road to drain water of the main road, so that the main road is dry and hard and is beneficial to tillage machinery and transportation machinery operation, and meanwhile, a field drainage ditch is formed in the cold rotten field along the main road direction at a row spacing of 5.5 meters to drain field water, wherein the width of the field drainage ditch is 70cm, the depth is 50cm, and the inclination is 10 degrees;
s2, after draining for half a year, the ridge is dried, a planting groove is built on a field drainage ditch, and the building of the planting groove comprises the following steps of;
s21, widening the field drainage ditch to form a field planting ditch, wherein the width of the field planting ditch is 2.5m, the depth of the field planting ditch is 50cm, and the core soil dug when the field drainage ditch is widened is placed on one side of the field planting ditch;
s22, paving a film in the planting groove, wherein the width of the film is 4m, and pressing two sides of the film on two sides of the planting groove to form concave planting grooves;
s23, mixing surface soil at the other side of the planting ditch and coarse organic fertilizer, and filling the mixture into the concave planting groove;
s24, filling core soil piled up on one side of the planting ditch into the surface soil position dug on the other side of the planting ditch, so that the land is leveled, the surface soil is utilized to the greatest extent to be backfilled into the planting tank, the soil in the planting tank is improved in place at one time, and the core soil of the field drainage ditch is dug to the surface layer, so that the improvement can be accelerated.
S3, constructing a road ditch between two adjacent planting grooves, wherein the width of the road ditch is 1.5m, the surface of the road ditch is 20cm lower than the top surface of the planting groove, the gradient is 10 degrees, and the soil surface of the road ditch is compacted and leveled by an excavator. The deep swamps on the road ditches are used for forming the sole holes, the deep swamps are firstly dug to the depth, and then loess is used for filling water holes, so that the road surface is hard and is beneficial to driving;
s4, building a drip irrigation system under the membrane on the planting groove;
the under-film drip irrigation system comprises a fertilizer dissolving tank, a water and fertilizer tank, a water inlet pipe, a water pump, a water outlet pipe, a main pipeline, branch pipelines and drip pipes, wherein the fertilizer dissolving tank, the water and fertilizer tank, the water inlet pipe, the water pump, the water outlet pipe and the main pipeline are sequentially connected, a plurality of branch pipelines are connected to the main pipeline, a plurality of drip pipes are connected to each branch pipeline, and the drip pipes are used for drip irrigation of the field planting grooves.
The water outlet of the water and fertilizer pool is provided with a filter screen, the junction of the water outlet pipe and the main pipeline is provided with a filter, and the branch pipeline is provided with a control valve for controlling drip irrigation of the drip tube.
S5, covering a layer of mulching film on the ridge surface of the field planting groove to prevent rainwater from entering the field planting groove to cause water accumulation and difficult drainage.
For example 1, the four-acre transformed cold rotten field planted crops, respectively, are peach tree, grapefruit tree, towel gourd and tomato, and the annual yield of nearly three years is counted, and then:
example 2
The invention discloses a technology for reforming a cold rotten field of a mountain ridge in the south into a high-yield melon garden by matching with the diagrams shown in fig. 1 and 2, which comprises the following steps:
s1, planning a main road for melon and garden vehicle running on a cold rotten field, wherein a main road drainage ditch is formed in the main road to drain water of the main road, so that the main road is dry and hard and is beneficial to cultivation machinery and transportation machinery operation, and meanwhile, a field drainage ditch is formed in the cold rotten field along the main road direction at a row spacing of 5 meters to drain field water, wherein the width of the field drainage ditch is 80cm, the depth is 60cm and the inclination is 5 degrees;
s2, after draining for half a year, the ridge is dried, a planting groove is built on a field drainage ditch, and the building of the planting groove comprises the following steps of;
s21, widening the field drainage ditch to form a field planting ditch, wherein the width of the field planting ditch is 2.5m, the depth is 60cm, and the core soil dug when the field drainage ditch is widened is placed on one side of the field planting ditch;
s22, paving a film in the planting groove, wherein the width of the film is 4m, and pressing two sides of the film on two sides of the planting groove to form concave planting grooves;
s23, mixing surface soil at the other side of the planting ditch and coarse organic fertilizer, and filling the mixture into the concave planting groove;
s24, filling core soil piled up on one side of the planting ditch into the surface soil position dug on the other side of the planting ditch, so that the land is leveled, the surface soil is utilized to the greatest extent to be backfilled into the planting tank, the soil in the planting tank is improved in place at one time, and the core soil of the field drainage ditch is dug to the surface layer, so that the improvement can be accelerated.
S3, constructing a road ditch between two adjacent planting grooves, wherein the width of the road ditch is 1.2m, the surface of the road ditch is 30cm lower than the top surface of the planting groove, the gradient is 10 degrees, and the soil surface of the road ditch is compacted and leveled by an excavator. The deep swamps on the road ditches are used for forming the sole holes, the deep swamps are firstly dug to the depth, and then loess is used for filling water holes, so that the road surface is hard and is beneficial to driving;
s4, building a drip irrigation system under the membrane on the planting groove;
the under-film drip irrigation system comprises a fertilizer dissolving tank, a water and fertilizer tank, a water inlet pipe, a water pump, a water outlet pipe, a main pipeline, branch pipelines and drip pipes, wherein the fertilizer dissolving tank, the water and fertilizer tank, the water inlet pipe, the water pump, the water outlet pipe and the main pipeline are sequentially connected, a plurality of branch pipelines are connected to the main pipeline, a plurality of drip pipes are connected to each branch pipeline, and the drip pipes are used for drip irrigation of the field planting grooves.
The water outlet of the water and fertilizer pool is provided with a filter screen, the junction of the water outlet pipe and the main pipeline is provided with a filter, and the branch pipeline is provided with a control valve for controlling drip irrigation of the drip tube.
S5, covering a layer of mulching film on the ridge surface of the field planting groove to prevent rainwater from entering the field planting groove to cause water accumulation and difficult drainage.
For example 2, the four-acre transformed cold rotten field planted crops, respectively, are peach tree, grapefruit tree, towel gourd and tomato, and the annual yield of nearly three years is counted, and then:
comparative example 1
The procedure of comparative example 1 was the same as that of example 1 except that the step of laying a film in the planting groove at S22, the film width was 4m, and concave planting grooves were formed by pressing both sides of the film against both sides of the planting groove.
For comparative example 1, the crop was planted in four acres of transformed cold rotten field, respectively one acre of peach tree, one acre of grapefruit tree, one acre of towel gourd and one acre of tomato, and the annual yield of nearly three years was counted, then there were:
compared with the example 1, the comparative example 1 has no thin film laid in the planting groove, so that groundwater permeates into the planting groove in the growth process of crops, and the growth of crops is seriously affected, and the annual yield is far lower than that of the example 1.
Comparative example 2
The content of the modification step S21 in this comparative example 2 is as follows: the field drainage ditch is widened to form a field planting ditch, the width of the field planting ditch is 4m, the depth is 80cm, core soil dug when the field drainage ditch is widened is placed on one side of the field planting ditch, the content of the modification step S3 is that a road ditch is built between two adjacent field planting ditches, the width of the road ditch is 0.5m, the road ditch surface is 30cm higher than the bottom of the field planting ditch, the inclination is 10 degrees, and the soil surface of the road ditch is compacted and flattened by an excavator, and the steps are the same except that the method is the same.
For comparative example 2, the crops planted in the four-acre transformed cold rotten field are peach tree, grapefruit tree, towel gourd and tomato, and the annual yield of nearly three years is counted, and the method comprises the following steps:
compared with the example 2, the depth of the planting ditch is larger than that of the original designed dry field drainage ditch, so that a great amount of water is accumulated in the planting groove, crops cannot grow normally, and the annual yield is far lower than that of the example 2.
Comparative example 3
In comparative example 3, the step of covering the ridge surface of the planting groove with a layer of mulching film to prevent rainwater from entering the planting groove and causing water accumulation to be difficult to drain is omitted compared with example 2, and the steps of the method are the same.
For comparative example 3, the crop was planted in four acres of transformed cold rotten field, which are peach tree, grapefruit tree, towel gourd and tomato, respectively, and the annual yield of nearly three years was counted:
compared with the example 2, the comparative example 3 is not paved with a mulching film, and a large amount of rainwater is poured into the fixed planting groove in rainy season and cannot be discharged, so that crops cannot grow normally, and the annual yield is far lower than that of the example 2.
Comparative example 4
The content of this comparative example 4 compared with example 2, modified in step S3 is: constructing a road ditch between two adjacent planting grooves, wherein the width of the road ditch is 0.5m, and the depth of the road ditch is 20cm, and the steps of the method are the same.
For comparative example 4, the crop was planted in four acres of transformed cold rotten field, respectively one acre of peach tree, one acre of grapefruit tree, one acre of towel gourd and one acre of tomato, and the annual yield of nearly three years was counted, then there were:
the design of the road trench is narrower than that of the embodiment 2 in the comparative example 4, and the road trench has no inclination, which is unfavorable for the operation of the cultivation machinery and the transportation machinery, increases the labor intensity of manpower and reduces the labor efficiency, so the annual yield is slightly lower than that of the embodiment 2.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for reforming the cold rotten field of the south mountain ridge into the high-yield melon garden is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, planning a main road for melon and garden vehicle running on a cold rotten field, wherein a main road drainage ditch is formed in the main road, and meanwhile, a field drainage ditch is formed in the cold rotten field along the main road direction at a row spacing of 5-5.5 meters;
s2, after draining for half a year, building a planting groove on the field drainage ditch;
s3, constructing a road ditch between two adjacent planting grooves;
s4, building a drip irrigation system under the membrane on the planting groove;
s5, covering a layer of mulching film on the ridge surface of the planting groove;
the specific steps of the step S2 include:
s21, widening the field drainage ditch to form a field planting ditch, and placing core soil which is widened and dug out by the field drainage ditch on one side of the field planting ditch; the depth of the planting ditch is not larger than that of the field drainage ditch;
s22, paving a film in the planting groove, wherein two sides of the film are pressed on two sides of the planting groove to form a concave planting groove;
s23, mixing surface soil at the other side of the planting ditch with a coarse organic fertilizer and filling the mixture into the concave planting groove;
s24, filling core soil on one side of the planting ditch into the dug surface soil position on the other side of the planting ditch, so that the land is leveled.
2. The method for reforming the cold rotten field of the south mountain ridge into the high-yield melon garden according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the width of the field drainage ditch is 60-80cm, the depth is 50-60cm, and the gradient is 5-20 degrees.
3. The method for reforming the cold rotten field of the south mountain ridge into the high-yield melon garden as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the width of the planting groove is 2.5m, the depth is 50-60cm, and the width of the film is 4m.
4. The method for reforming the cold rotten field of the south mountain ridge into the high-yield melon garden according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the width of the road ditch is 1.2-1.5m, the surface of the road ditch is 20cm lower than the top surface of the field planting groove, the gradient is 5-20 degrees, and the soil surface of the road ditch is compacted and leveled by an excavator.
5. The method for reforming the cold rotten field of the south mountain ridge into the high-yield melon garden according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the drip irrigation system under the film comprises a fertilizer dissolving tank, a water and fertilizer tank, a water inlet pipe, a water pump, a water outlet pipe, a main pipeline, branch pipelines and drip pipes, wherein the fertilizer dissolving tank, the water and fertilizer tank, the water inlet pipe, the water pump, the water outlet pipe and the main pipeline are sequentially connected, a plurality of branch pipelines are connected to the main pipeline, a plurality of drip pipes are connected to each branch pipeline, and the drip pipes are used for drip irrigation of the field planting grooves.
6. The method for reforming the cold rotten field of the south mountain ridge into the high-yield melon garden according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: the water outlet of the water and fertilizer tank is provided with a filter screen, a filter is arranged at the joint of the water outlet pipe and the main pipeline, and a control valve is arranged on the branch pipeline.
7. The method for reforming the cold rotten field of the south mountain ridge into the high-yield melon garden according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the sole holes of the deep swamps on the road ditches are firstly dug to depths, and then the loess is used for filling water holes, so that the road ditches are hard and convenient to drive.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2233074C1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2004-07-27 | Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники и мелиорации им. А.Н.Костякова | Method for amelioration of overmoistened agricultural lands |
| CN207573868U (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-07-06 | 颜小平 | A kind of orchard ground foundation structure |
| CN108457277A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-08-28 | 中国水利水电第十工程局有限公司 | A kind of a wide range of deep ＆ thick silt excavation construction method |
| CN108947120A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-07 | 河海大学 | One kind being suitable for area of heavy rainfull farmland face source sewage and harvests with system and remodeling method |
-
2020
- 2020-04-27 CN CN202010346167.9A patent/CN111642164B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2233074C1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2004-07-27 | Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники и мелиорации им. А.Н.Костякова | Method for amelioration of overmoistened agricultural lands |
| CN207573868U (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-07-06 | 颜小平 | A kind of orchard ground foundation structure |
| CN108457277A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-08-28 | 中国水利水电第十工程局有限公司 | A kind of a wide range of deep ＆ thick silt excavation construction method |
| CN108947120A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-07 | 河海大学 | One kind being suitable for area of heavy rainfull farmland face source sewage and harvests with system and remodeling method |
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