CN111642164A - Technology for transforming cold rotten field of southern mountain ridge into high-yield melon orchard - Google Patents
Technology for transforming cold rotten field of southern mountain ridge into high-yield melon orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN111642164A CN111642164A CN202010346167.9A CN202010346167A CN111642164A CN 111642164 A CN111642164 A CN 111642164A CN 202010346167 A CN202010346167 A CN 202010346167A CN 111642164 A CN111642164 A CN 111642164A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
- E03F5/0401—Gullies for use in roads or pavements
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a technology for transforming cold and rotten fields of southern hills into high-yield melon orchards, which comprises the following steps: planning a main road for the operation of vehicles in the melon orchard on the cold and rotten field, wherein a main road drainage ditch is formed in the main road, and field drainage ditches are formed in the cold and rotten field along the main road direction at a row spacing of 5-5.5 m; after draining for half a year, building a planting groove on the field drainage ditch; constructing a road ditch between two adjacent planting slots; constructing a drip irrigation system under the film on the planting groove; and a layer of mulching film is covered on the ridge surface of the planting groove. The invention provides a technology for transforming cold and rotten fields of southern hills into high-yield melon orchards, which has the advantages of low cost, easy construction, high speed, convenient traffic, sustainable use, fertile soil in a planting groove, controllable water content of 30-100 percent, suitability for the growth of various crops, planting of various melons, fruits, vegetables and the like, and economic benefit of more than 10 times of that of rice planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transformation of cold rotten fields, in particular to a technology for transforming cold rotten fields of southern hills into high-yield melon orchards.
Background
The cold and rotten fields of the marshland are formed by accumulated water in the ridge fields in the south, and the marshland in the places with the cold and rotten fields is as deep as one meter, so that the mechanical cultivation cannot be realized, the manual operation is completely used, and the cultivation is difficult. With the aged agricultural population, the cold rotten fields are abandoned in large areas, the waste of land resources is great, and more than 30 ten thousand mu of the abandoned cold rotten fields exist in 309.9 ten thousand mu of cultivated land in the Nanping city. Is not known in every country. The cold and rotten fields which are not abandoned have low benefit even if strong seeding points of rice are avoided, and the effect of land resources cannot be fully exerted. Many land improvement projects only level the surface, and do not reduce the underground water level fundamentally, far reaching the standard of good land. To make these fields fertile, a viable solution is required: firstly, the construction is simple, secondly, the cost is low, thirdly, the input-output ratio is high, and fourthly, the sustainable use is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a technology for reforming cold rotten fields of southern hills into high-yield melon orchards aiming at the problems provided by the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a technology for transforming cold and rotten fields of southern hills into high-yield melon orchards comprises the following steps:
s1, planning a main road for the operation of the vehicles in the melon orchard on the cold and rotten field, wherein a main road drainage ditch is formed in the main road, and field drainage ditches are formed in the cold and rotten field along the direction of the main road at a row spacing of 5-5.5 m;
s2, after draining for half a year, building a planting groove on the field drainage ditch;
s3, constructing a road ditch between two adjacent planting slots;
s4, constructing a drip irrigation system under the film on the planting groove;
and S5, covering a layer of mulching film on the ridge surface of the planting groove.
Preferably, the specific step of step S2 includes:
s21, widening the field drainage ditch to form a planting ditch, and placing core soil dug by widening the field drainage ditch at one side of the planting ditch;
s22, laying a film in the planting furrows, wherein two sides of the film are pressed on two sides of the planting furrows to form concave planting grooves;
s23, mixing surface soil on the other side of the planting furrows with a coarse organic fertilizer and filling the mixture into the concave planting grooves;
and S24, filling the core soil on one side of the planting furrows into the excavated surface soil position on the other side of the planting furrows, and leveling the land.
Preferably, the width of the field drainage ditch is 60-80cm, the depth of the field drainage ditch is 50-60cm, and the inclination of the field drainage ditch is 5-20 degrees.
Preferably, the width of the planting furrows is 2.5m, the depth is 50-60cm, and the width of the thin film is 4 m.
Preferably, the width of the road ditch is 1.2-1.5m, the surface of the road ditch is 20cm lower than the top surface of the planting groove, the inclination is 5-20 degrees, and the soil surface of the road ditch is compacted and leveled by an excavator.
Preferably, drip irrigation system under membrane is including dissolving fertile pond, liquid manure pond, inlet tube, water pump, outlet pipe, trunk line, small transfer line and burette, dissolve fertile pond, liquid manure pond, inlet tube, water pump, outlet pipe, trunk line and connect gradually, be connected with many small transfer lines on the trunk line, every be connected with many burettes on the small transfer line, the burette is used for driping irrigation the field planting groove.
Preferably, a filter screen is arranged at a water outlet of the water and fertilizer tank, a filter is arranged at the joint of the water outlet pipe and the main pipeline, and a control valve is arranged on the branch pipeline.
Preferably, the deep swamp single-hole on the road ditch is excavated to the deep position, and then the water hole is filled with loess, so that the road ditch is hard and is beneficial to driving.
After adopting the technical scheme, compared with the background technology, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the soil in the planting groove is fertile, the water content can be controlled and kept at 30-100%, the planting groove is suitable for the growth of various crops, planting various melons, fruits, vegetables and the like, and the economic benefit is more than 10 times that of the rice planting.
2. The cost is low, the construction is easy, the cost per mu is not more than 5000 yuan, and the method is more economical compared with the method for developing hillside fields.
3. The land form is level, the road ditch is hard and solid, the transportation is convenient, the operation of the farming machinery and the transportation machinery is facilitated, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the labor efficiency is improved.
4. Can be quickly changed into a paddy field to solve the problem of safe grain re-cultivation.
5. Is beneficial to developing modern agriculture, overcomes the difficulty of aging of agricultural personnel, and reasonably and effectively protects cultivated land resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the retrofitting technique disclosed herein;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the modification technique disclosed in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are all based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element of the present invention must have a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the invention discloses a technology for transforming cold rotten fields of southern hills into high-yield melon orchards, which comprises the following steps:
s1, planning a main road for the operation of the melon orchard vehicle on a cold rotten field, wherein a main road drainage ditch is formed in the main road to drain water of the main road, so that the main road is dry and hard and is beneficial to the operation of tillage machinery and transportation machinery, and field drainage ditches are formed in the cold rotten field along the main road direction at a row spacing of 5.5 meters to drain field water, wherein the width of each field drainage ditch is 70cm, the depth of each field drainage ditch is 50cm, and the inclination of each field drainage ditch is 10 degrees;
s2, draining for half a year, drying ridge beds, and building planting grooves on field drainage ditches, wherein the planting grooves are built;
s21, widening the field drainage ditch to form a planting ditch, wherein the width of the planting ditch is 2.5m, the depth of the planting ditch is 50cm, and core soil dug out when the field drainage ditch is widened is placed on one side of the planting ditch;
s22, laying a film in the planting furrows, wherein the width of the film is 4m, and two sides of the film are pressed on two sides of the planting furrows to form concave planting grooves;
s23, mixing surface soil on the other side of the planting trench with a coarse organic fertilizer and filling the mixture into the concave planting groove;
s24, filling the core soil stacked on one side of the planting ditch into the dug surface soil position on the other side of the planting ditch to level the land, and backfilling the surface soil into the planting ditch to the maximum extent to improve the soil in the planting ditch in place at one time, wherein the core soil of the field ditch dug to the surface layer can accelerate the improvement.
S3, constructing a road ditch between every two adjacent planting slots, wherein the width of the road ditch is 1.5m, the surface of the road ditch is 20cm lower than the top surfaces of the planting slots, the inclination is 10 degrees, and the soil surface of the road ditch is compacted and leveled by an excavator. Digging deep swamp single-hole holes on the road ditch, and then filling loess to plug water holes, so that the road surface is hard and is favorable for driving;
s4, constructing a drip irrigation system under the film on the planting groove;
drip irrigation system under membrane is including dissolving fertile pond, liquid manure pond, inlet tube, water pump, outlet pipe, trunk line, branch pipe and burette, dissolves fertile pond, liquid manure pond, inlet tube, water pump, outlet pipe, trunk line and connect gradually, is connected with many branch pipes on the trunk line, is connected with many burettes on every branch pipe, and the burette is used for driping irrigation the field planting groove.
The water outlet of the water-fertilizer pond is provided with a filter screen, the joint of the water outlet pipe and the main pipeline is provided with a filter, and the branch pipeline is provided with a control valve for controlling drip irrigation of a dropper.
S5, covering a layer of mulching film on the ridge surface of the planting groove to prevent rainwater from entering the planting groove to cause water accumulation and difficult drainage.
Aiming at example 1, four acres of improved cold rotten fields are planted with one acre of peach trees, one acre of citrus grandis trees, one acre of towel gourd and one acre of tomato, and the annual output of nearly three years is counted, so that the following results are obtained:
example 2
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the invention discloses a technology for transforming cold rotten fields of southern hills into high-yield melon orchards, which comprises the following steps:
s1, planning a main road for the operation of the melon orchard vehicle on a cold rotten field, wherein a main road drainage ditch is formed in the main road to drain water of the main road, so that the main road is dry and hard and is beneficial to the operation of farming machinery and transportation machinery, meanwhile, field drainage ditches are formed in the cold rotten field along the main road direction at a row spacing of 5 meters to drain field water, the width of each field drainage ditch is 80cm, the depth of each field drainage ditch is 60cm, and the inclination of each field drainage ditch is 5 degrees;
s2, draining for half a year, drying ridge beds, and building planting grooves on field drainage ditches, wherein the planting grooves are built;
s21, widening the field drainage ditch to form a planting ditch, wherein the width of the planting ditch is 2.5m, the depth of the planting ditch is 60cm, and core soil dug out when the field drainage ditch is widened is placed on one side of the planting ditch;
s22, laying a film in the planting furrows, wherein the width of the film is 4m, and two sides of the film are pressed on two sides of the planting furrows to form concave planting grooves;
s23, mixing surface soil on the other side of the planting trench with a coarse organic fertilizer and filling the mixture into the concave planting groove;
s24, filling the core soil stacked on one side of the planting ditch into the dug surface soil position on the other side of the planting ditch to level the land, and backfilling the surface soil into the planting ditch to the maximum extent to improve the soil in the planting ditch in place at one time, wherein the core soil of the field ditch dug to the surface layer can accelerate the improvement.
S3, constructing a road ditch between every two adjacent planting slots, wherein the width of the road ditch is 1.2m, the surface of the road ditch is 30cm lower than the top surfaces of the planting slots, the inclination is 10 degrees, and the soil surface of the road ditch is compacted and leveled by an excavator. Digging deep swamp single-hole holes on the road ditch, and then filling loess to plug water holes, so that the road surface is hard and is favorable for driving;
s4, constructing a drip irrigation system under the film on the planting groove;
drip irrigation system under membrane is including dissolving fertile pond, liquid manure pond, inlet tube, water pump, outlet pipe, trunk line, branch pipe and burette, dissolves fertile pond, liquid manure pond, inlet tube, water pump, outlet pipe, trunk line and connect gradually, is connected with many branch pipes on the trunk line, is connected with many burettes on every branch pipe, and the burette is used for driping irrigation the field planting groove.
The water outlet of the water-fertilizer pond is provided with a filter screen, the joint of the water outlet pipe and the main pipeline is provided with a filter, and the branch pipeline is provided with a control valve for controlling drip irrigation of a dropper.
S5, covering a layer of mulching film on the ridge surface of the planting groove to prevent rainwater from entering the planting groove to cause water accumulation and difficult drainage.
Aiming at example 2, four acres of improved cold rotten fields are planted with one acre of peach trees, one acre of citrus grandis trees, one acre of towel gourd and one acre of tomato, and the annual output of nearly three years is counted, so that the following results are obtained:
comparative example 1
In comparison with example 1, in comparative example 1, the steps of the method of laying the film in the planting furrows in S22, wherein the width of the film is 4m, and the concave planting grooves are formed by pressing two sides of the film on two sides of the planting furrows are omitted, and the steps are the same.
Aiming at comparative example 1, crops are planted in four mu of improved cold rotten fields, namely one mu of peach tree, one mu of citrus grandis tree, one mu of towel gourd and one mu of tomato, and the annual yield of nearly three years is counted, so that the method comprises the following steps:
comparative example 1 compared with example 1, no film is laid in the planting groove, so that in the growth process of crops, underground water permeates into the planting groove to seriously affect the growth of the crops, and the annual yield is far lower than that of example 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 compared with example 2, the content of the modification step S21 is: widening a field drainage ditch to form a field planting ditch, wherein the width of the field planting ditch is 4m, the depth of the field planting ditch is 80cm, core soil dug out when the field drainage ditch is widened is placed on one side of the field planting ditch, the content of the step S3 is modified to be that a road ditch is built between two adjacent field planting ditches, the width of the road ditch is 0.5m, the road ditch surface is 30cm larger than the bottom of the field planting ditch, the inclination is 10 degrees, the soil surface of the road ditch is compacted and leveled by an excavator, and the steps of the method are the same.
Aiming at comparative example 2, crops are planted in four mu of improved cold rotten fields, namely one mu of peach tree, one mu of citrus grandis tree, one mu of towel gourd and one mu of tomato, and the annual yield of nearly three years is counted, so that the method comprises the following steps:
compared with the embodiment 2, the depth of the planting groove is larger than that of the originally designed dried field drainage groove, so that a large amount of water is accumulated in the planting groove, crops cannot grow normally, and the annual output is far lower than that of the embodiment 2.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the embodiment 2, the steps of the method in the comparative example 3 are the same except that S5 is omitted, and a layer of mulching film is covered on the ridge surface of the planting groove to prevent rainwater from entering the planting groove to cause water accumulation and difficult drainage.
Aiming at comparative example 3, crops are planted in four mu of improved cold rotten fields, namely one mu of peach tree, one mu of citrus grandis tree, one mu of towel gourd and one mu of tomato, and the annual yield of nearly three years is counted, so that the method comprises the following steps:
compared with the embodiment 2, the embodiment 3 has the advantages that no mulching film is laid, a large amount of rainwater is poured into the planting groove in rainy season and cannot be discharged, so that the crops cannot grow normally, and the annual yield is far lower than that of the embodiment 2.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 compared to example 2, the content of the modification step S3 is: and constructing a road ditch between two adjacent planting slots, wherein the width of the road ditch is 0.5m, the depth of the road ditch is 20cm, and the steps of the method are the same except that.
Aiming at comparative example 4, crops are planted in four mu of improved cold rotten fields, namely one mu of peach tree, one mu of citrus grandis tree, one mu of towel gourd and one mu of tomato, and the annual yield of nearly three years is counted, so that the method comprises the following steps:
compared with the embodiment 2, the design of the road ditch is narrower, the road ditch has no inclination, the operation of the tillage machine and the transportation machine is not facilitated, the labor intensity of workers is increased, the labor efficiency is reduced, and the annual output is slightly lower than that of the embodiment 2.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The technology for transforming cold and rotten fields of southern mountains into high-yield melon orchards is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, planning a main road for the operation of the vehicles in the melon orchard on the cold and rotten field, wherein a main road drainage ditch is formed in the main road, and field drainage ditches are formed in the cold and rotten field along the direction of the main road at a row spacing of 5-5.5 m;
s2, after draining for half a year, building a planting groove on the field drainage ditch;
s3, constructing a road ditch between two adjacent planting slots;
s4, constructing a drip irrigation system under the film on the planting groove;
and S5, covering a layer of mulching film on the ridge surface of the planting groove.
2. The technology for modifying cold rotten fields of southern ridges into high-yield melon orchards as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific steps of step S2 include:
s21, widening the field drainage ditch to form a planting ditch, and placing core soil dug by widening the field drainage ditch at one side of the planting ditch;
s22, laying a film in the planting furrows, wherein two sides of the film are pressed on two sides of the planting furrows to form concave planting grooves;
s23, mixing surface soil on the other side of the planting furrows with a coarse organic fertilizer and filling the mixture into the concave planting grooves;
and S24, filling the core soil on one side of the planting furrows into the excavated surface soil position on the other side of the planting furrows, and leveling the land.
3. The technology for modifying cold rotten fields of southern hills into high-yield melon orchards as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the width of the field drainage ditch is 60-80cm, the depth of the field drainage ditch is 50-60cm, and the inclination of the field drainage ditch is 5-20 degrees.
4. The technology for modifying cold rotten fields of southern hills into high-yield melon orchards as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the width of the planting furrows is 2.5m, the depth is 50-60cm, and the width of the film is 4 m.
5. The technology for modifying cold rotten fields of southern hills into high-yield melon orchards as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the width of the road ditch is 1.2-1.5m, the road ditch surface is 20cm lower than the top surface of the planting groove, the inclination is 5-20 degrees, and the soil surface of the road ditch is compacted and leveled by an excavator.
6. The technology for modifying cold rotten fields of southern hills into high-yield melon orchards as claimed in claim 1, wherein: drip irrigation system under membrane is including dissolving fertile pond, liquid manure pond, inlet tube, water pump, outlet pipe, trunk line, branch pipe and burette, dissolve fertile pond, liquid manure pond, inlet tube, water pump, outlet pipe, trunk line and connect gradually, be connected with many branch pipes on the trunk line, every be connected with many burettes on the branch pipe, the burette is used for driping irrigation the field planting groove.
7. The technology of modifying cold rotten fields of southern hills into high-yield melon orchards of claim 6, wherein: the water outlet of the water-fertilizer pond is provided with a filter screen, the joint of the water outlet pipe and the main pipeline is provided with a filter, and the branch pipeline is provided with a control valve.
8. The technology for modifying cold rotten fields of southern hills into high-yield melon orchards as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the deep swamp single-hole holes on the road ditch are dug to the deep position, and then the water holes are filled with loess, so that the road ditch is hard and convenient for driving.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2233074C1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2004-07-27 | Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники и мелиорации им. А.Н.Костякова | Method for amelioration of overmoistened agricultural lands |
| CN207573868U (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-07-06 | 颜小平 | A kind of orchard ground foundation structure |
| CN108457277A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-08-28 | 中国水利水电第十工程局有限公司 | A kind of a wide range of deep ＆ thick silt excavation construction method |
| CN108947120A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-07 | 河海大学 | One kind being suitable for area of heavy rainfull farmland face source sewage and harvests with system and remodeling method |
-
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- 2020-04-27 CN CN202010346167.9A patent/CN111642164B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2233074C1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2004-07-27 | Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники и мелиорации им. А.Н.Костякова | Method for amelioration of overmoistened agricultural lands |
| CN207573868U (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-07-06 | 颜小平 | A kind of orchard ground foundation structure |
| CN108457277A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-08-28 | 中国水利水电第十工程局有限公司 | A kind of a wide range of deep ＆ thick silt excavation construction method |
| CN108947120A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-07 | 河海大学 | One kind being suitable for area of heavy rainfull farmland face source sewage and harvests with system and remodeling method |
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