CN103190275A - Water-saving farmland irrigation method - Google Patents
Water-saving farmland irrigation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103190275A CN103190275A CN201310136459XA CN201310136459A CN103190275A CN 103190275 A CN103190275 A CN 103190275A CN 201310136459X A CN201310136459X A CN 201310136459XA CN 201310136459 A CN201310136459 A CN 201310136459A CN 103190275 A CN103190275 A CN 103190275A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water-saving farmland irrigation method. Longitudinal water channels are excavated at intervals along the crop ridge direction of the whole farmland, transverse ditches are excavated at intervals along the direction perpendicular to crop ridges, the longitudinal water channels and the transverse ditches are communicated, and the longitudinal water channels are communicated with a water source. During seeding and seedling growth, underground soil caves are excavated among the transverse ditches. When irrigation is needed, water flows into the longitudinal water channels, enters the transverse ditches from the longitudinal water channels, and enters the soil caves until all the soil caves are filled with water. By the method, one irrigation uses 150 cubic meters/mu of water, compared with traditional broad irrigation, water is saved by 75%, and compared with spray irrigation, water is saved by 45%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field irrigation technology.
Background technology
In agricultural planting technique, run into arid weather and carry out the good harvest that field irrigation could guarantee crops.Along with the variation of weather, arid has more and more serious trend, but the underground water usage amount is fewer and feweri, causes surface collapse and the deterioration of the ecological environment.Under the general weather condition, agricultural water accounts for 60% of total water amount.Therefore, the farmland water-saving irrigation technique is people's urgent problems.But present irrigation method can not meet the demands mostly.
Agricultural production in the past mostly is the shallow rake of shallow plowing greatly, and only in the farming of the 15-20cm degree of depth, 20cm is following to be strong layer, and few to the natural precipitation absorption, then water oozes and do not remove to form damage caused by waterlogging; The then upper soll layer evaporation of water in soil that do not rain forms arid; Not only irrigation frequency is many, irrigates the cost height, and weak effect.
Traditional irrigation method mostly is broad irrigation greatly, and both general irrigation once needed 400 cubes/mu of waters in the field, and need build open channel, need great amount of manpower to see that ditch changes its course in the irrigation process, one ditch, one ditch carries out in proper order, and it is low to irrigate velocity efficiency, two peasants only 5-6 mu of irrigating the fields in one day.Because the evaporation discharge after the flood irrigation can only be kept 10 days in 3.0mm/ every day, needed to continue to irrigate the normal growth that just can keep winter wheat again and grew needs.
Advanced technologies such as modern drip irrigation and spray irrigation, slight irrigation, the irrigation efficiency height does not need to build open channel, can significantly improve the utilization ratio of water, but because irrigation installation investment cost height seldom uses in intensive soil managements such as haggard, middle scale farm, also be difficult to large tracts of land and promote; And irrigation installation problems such as fragile, service life is short in addition.
The irrigation method of underground buried pipeline remains the scope of broad irrigation conventional method in fact, and just not honest and enlightened canal reduces honest and enlightened canal, but not using water wisely on producing, and cost is higher.The buried pipe material mostly is the PPR plastic tube greatly, before watering, generally be difficult in the water inlet process ging wrong, but when stopping the irrigation advance backflow, it is broken that contrary pressure easily causes PPR to manage flat bias voltage, have to establish air inlet/outlet at set intervals, big Tanaka is the pipe valve that bassets everywhere, is unfavorable for the realization of tillage control measure.
Along with the rural holding is developed and the requirement of water-saving and environmental protection to the intensive direction of middle scale farm, above irrigation method can't satisfy the requirement in epoch, presses for the new irrigation method and the technology that meet the ecological protection requirement.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of existing irrigation method, invent the method that a kind of farmland water-saving is irrigated.This method does not need to bury underground underground pipe fitting and valve; Do not need to build open channel; Irrigation speed is fast; Can economize on water and tool water drainage function.
The method that a kind of farmland water-saving is irrigated, technical scheme is:
The first step is at first made the plough of getting into the cave, and the structure of the plough of getting into the cave is to install 1-2 flat-shaped plough leg at one with the supporting hitch frame of tractor suspension arrangement, the nose cone of a diameter 8-12cm of bottom connection of flat-shaped plough leg;
In order to reduce the resistance of flat-shaped plough leg, flat-shaped plough leg thickness is not more than 1cm, and the front end face of flat-shaped plough leg is designed to bladed;
Second step, before proportion of crop planting, to more than the soil tilling depth 35cm, carefully harrow 1-2 time, loosing soil is played absorb rainfall, the snowfall effect gathered; Both can utilize precipitation well, can in time digest too much precipitation again, and avoid crop to turn one's coat because of ground and work the mischief;
In the 3rd step, at the vertical water channel of direction alternation excavation of upper edge, monoblock farmland crops alley, along the horizontal ditch of direction alternation excavation perpendicular to the crops alley, vertically water channel and horizontal ditch all communicate; Vertically water channel communicates with the water source; Vertically the degree of depth and the width in water channel and horizontal ditch are not less than 50cm;
The 4th step, sow the bar Tanaka of during the growth of seedling (as the winter wheat field in winter or early spring or the corn field of summer corn sowing-seedling growth) crop, plough the hole with getting into the cave of tractor-drawn first step making, plough pierces soil layer during the hole from the horizontal ditch in bar field, under tractor-drawn, be drawn to the horizontal ditch on opposite, make the soil in the soil layer form a underground soil cave to extruding all around; Every interval 3m-5m makes a underground soil cave, and the degree of depth of underground soil cave is not less than 50cm;
The 4th step, when needing to irrigate, vertical water channel is constantly put in the source of irrigating, water source, enter horizontal ditch from vertical water channel, enter again in bar Tanaka's the soil cave, make whole farmland enter the irrigation process, fill until all soil caves.
In order to realize the irrigation that becomes more meticulous under the agricultural arid pattern, the present invention also comprises:
Set up control centre, control centre arranges drimeter, and soil moisture sensor is placed at dark 30-50cm place below the face of land in farmland, soil moisture sensor is transferred to drimeter with the soil moisture signal in real time, and drimeter shows the relative water content of the soil water in real time; When soil moisture is lower than the desired value of crop need water, send the water supply alarm, the central task personnel can determine whether irrigate according to the weather condition in a following week.Can also calculate duty according to the requirement of crops different times growth, realize precision irrigation.
Good effect of the present invention is:
1, do not need a large amount of to see in the field irrigation process that manually ditch changes its course, the irrigation efficiency height, 1200 mu farmland generally speaking, 2 artificial just one days just can be irrigated end.
2, need not bury underground piping and water valve everywhere, saving equipment underground.
3, soil cave slowly permeates to the ground from underground after filling water, can significantly reduce the evaporation on ground like this, simultaneously can keep soil moisture content well, taken full advantage of irrigation water by crop muchly, the 2nd, do not hinder crop, conventional method is manually to walk up and down in the farmland, and the guiding current advance and the excavation crop of cutting the earth is caused damage to crop.
4, water of irrigation of the present invention is no more than 150 cubes/mu, than traditional irrigation broad irrigation method, 400 cubes/mu of using water wisely 75%(traditional irrigations), than sprinkling irrigation method using water wisely 45%.
5, the present invention also has retaining water drainage function; When rainfall, the residual seam that rainwater can stay when burrowing flows into retaining in the soil cave, prevents that excess surface water shone the heat back by the sun and scald dead crops.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the irrigation method floor plan of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of underground soil cave;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of getting into the cave and ploughing, and the state of a plough leg only is shown among the figure.
Among the figure: the vertical water channel of 1-, the horizontal ditch of 2-, the underground soil cave of 3-, 4-hitch frame, the flat-shaped plough leg of 5-, 6-nose cone.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are further specified.
1200 mu are taken up an area of in certain home farm, and preceding stubble be summer corn, behind September 30 harvest corn, prepare to plant wheat, and adopt irrigation method of the present invention, and step is as follows:
The first step is at first made the plough of getting into the cave, the structure of the plough of getting into the cave as shown in Figure 3, it is to install 1-2 flat-shaped plough leg 5 at one with the supporting hitch frame 4 of tractor suspension arrangement, the nose cone 6 of a diameter 8-12cm of bottom connection of flat-shaped plough leg 5;
In order to reduce the resistance of flat-shaped plough leg 5, flat-shaped plough leg 5 thickness are not more than 1cm, and the front end face of flat-shaped plough leg is designed to bladed;
Second step, before proportion of crop planting, in the farmland, execute farmyard manure, with rotary tillage 15cm again behind the tractor deep ploughing 35cm, carefully harrow 1-2 time.Loosing soil is played absorb rainfall, the snowfall effect gathered.Both can utilize precipitation well, can in time digest too much precipitation again, and avoid crop to turn one's coat because of ground and work the mischief;
The 3rd step, as shown in Figure 1, vertical water channel 1(at the dark 60cm of direction alternation excavation, the wide 100cm of upper edge, monoblock farmland crops alley there is shown twice, wherein be located at the edge of a field together), there is shown five roads along the horizontal ditch 2(perpendicular to the dark 50cm of direction alternation excavation of crops alley, wide 80cm), vertically water channel 1 and horizontal ditch 2 all communicate; Vertical 1 water channel communicates with the water source; Vertically the degree of depth and the width in water channel 1 and horizontal ditch 2 are not less than 50cm; Need not irrigate under the level of snowfall 10mm in the winter time.
The 4th step, the coming year by the end of February-before March 10, wheat was turned green, plough the hole with getting into the cave of tractor-drawn first step making, plough pierces soil layer during the hole from the horizontal ditch 2 in bar field, under tractor-drawn, be drawn to the horizontal ditch on opposite, make the soil in the soil layer form a underground soil cave 3 to extruding all around; Every interval 3m-5m makes a underground soil cave 3, and the degree of depth of underground soil cave 3 is not less than 50cm; Underground soil cave 3 is at least with laterally ditch 2 perforations; The form of underground soil cave 3 as shown in Figure 2, the residual seam that the vertical slots among Fig. 2 stays during the hole for plough.
In the 5th step, when 30cm soil relative water content under the face of land is 35% when following, according to the local no precipitation of following two all weather forecasts, need to determine irrigation; According to the soil types of this locality, intend reaching that the 30cm soil relative water content reaches 50% under the face of land after the irrigation, calculate required irrigation volume accordingly, add the evaporation discharge in two weeks, required duty is 150 cubes/mu altogether.Open the water valve on the edge of a field, vertical water channel 1 is constantly put in the source of irrigating, water source, enter horizontal ditch 2 from vertical water channel 1, enter again in bar Tanaka's the underground soil cave 3, make whole farmland enter the irrigation process, fill until all underground soil caves 3.
All irrigating finishes only needs 1 day time, and water consumption is 150 cubes/mu, and is 300 side/mus by original irrigation method irrigation volume, needs 10 workmans, and irrigation at least need 20 days.Adopt the present invention can keep the winter wheat normal growth about 25 days.And original irrigation method since evaporation discharge at 3.0mm/m
2Every day, under the same time conditions, only need keep 10 days, need again to irrigate once, just can keep the normal growth of winter wheat and grow needs, irrigation volume is 300 side/mus.
Before winter wheat results on June 10, even precipitation not, adopt the inventive method also only need then need irrigate once by the irrigation volume of 150 side/mus if still implement to irrigate by the drought early warning pattern on March 20 between 15-April 25 April, evaporation discharge is 1.8mm/m again
2, just can guarantee that wheat has grown normally, irrigate and share water 300 side/mus, and traditional irrigation method also needs to irrigate 2 times, has irrigated altogether 4 times, water consumption is 1200 side/mus.As seen the present invention's every mu of using water wisely 900 side/mus from the irrigation volume only.
Summer corn after June 10, winter wheat was gathered in the crops, is planted again in the farm of above-described embodiment 1.Summer corn still adopts method of the present invention to irrigate.Summer corn as sowing on June 20, should before July 6, adopt method of the present invention to beat soil cave bar Tanaka, if from sowing to July 10, the relative water content of the following 30cm soil in the face of land is lower than 35%, according to the local no precipitation of following 2 all weather forecasts and local soil types, plan reaches that the 30cm soil relative water content reaches 55% under the face of land after the irrigation, calculates the evaporation discharge that added for 2 weeks, and required irrigation volume is 200 side/mus altogether.Can keep the summer corn normal growth after the irrigation more than 15 days, even namely do not have effective precipitation before the July 26, but summer corn normal growth still.Afterwards until September 20 ripe results the whole puberty do not have effective precipitation, then irrigate 2 times by 200 sides/mu irrigation volume, be respectively August 1, enforcement irrigation on September 1; And need at least to irrigate 4 times by conventional method, need irrigation volume 350 side/mus at least at every turn.
In order to realize the irrigation that becomes more meticulous under the agricultural arid pattern, the present invention also comprises:
Set up control centre, control centre arranges drimeter, and soil moisture sensor is placed at dark 30-50cm place below the face of land in farmland, soil moisture sensor is transferred to drimeter with the soil moisture signal in real time, and drimeter shows the relative water content of the soil water in real time; When soil moisture is lower than the desired value of crop need water, send the water supply alarm, the central task personnel can determine whether irrigate according to the weather condition in a following week.Can also calculate duty according to the requirement of crops different times growth, realize precision irrigation.
Claims (4)
1. the farmland water-saving method of irrigating is characterized in that step is as follows:
The first step is at first made the plough of getting into the cave, and the structure of the plough of getting into the cave is to install 1-2 flat-shaped plough leg at one with the supporting hitch frame of tractor suspension arrangement, the nose cone of a diameter 8-12cm of bottom connection of flat-shaped plough leg; Flat-shaped plough leg thickness is not more than 1cm, and the front end face of flat-shaped plough leg is designed to bladed;
Second step, before proportion of crop planting, to more than the soil tilling depth 35cm, carefully harrow 1-2 time, loosing soil is played absorb rainfall, the snowfall effect gathered;
In the 3rd step, at the vertical water channel of direction alternation excavation of upper edge, monoblock farmland crops alley, along the horizontal ditch of direction alternation excavation perpendicular to the crops alley, vertically water channel and horizontal ditch all communicate; Vertically water channel communicates with the water source; Vertically the degree of depth and the width in water channel and horizontal ditch are not less than 50cm;
The 4th step, sow during the growth of seedling crop, plough the hole with getting into the cave of making of the tractor-drawn first step, from horizontal ditch, pierce soil layer when ploughing the hole, under tractor-drawn, be drawn to the horizontal ditch on opposite, make the soil in the soil layer form a hollow hole to extruding all around; Every interval 3m-5m makes a underground soil cave, and the degree of depth of underground soil cave is not less than 50cm;
The 5th step, when needing to irrigate, vertical water channel is constantly put in the source of irrigating, water source, enter horizontal ditch from vertical water channel, enter again in bar Tanaka's the soil cave, make whole farmland enter the irrigation process, fill until all soil caves.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise: set up control centre, control centre arranges drimeter, dark 30-50cm place below the face of land in farmland, place soil moisture sensor, soil moisture sensor is transferred to drimeter with the soil moisture signal in real time, and drimeter shows the relative water content of the soil water in real time; When soil moisture is lower than the desired value of crop need water, send the water supply alarm, the central task personnel determine whether irrigate according to the weather condition in a following week.
3. plough of getting into the cave of implementing the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, the structure of plough of getting into the cave is to install 1-2 flat-shaped plough leg at one with the supporting hitch frame of tractor suspension arrangement, the nose cone of a diameter 8-12cm of bottom connection of flat-shaped plough leg.
4. as the plough of getting into the cave as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that the flat-shaped plough leg thickness of the plough of getting into the cave is not more than 1cm, the front end face of flat-shaped plough leg is designed to bladed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310136459.XA CN103190275B (en) | 2013-04-18 | 2013-04-18 | Water-saving farmland irrigation method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310136459.XA CN103190275B (en) | 2013-04-18 | 2013-04-18 | Water-saving farmland irrigation method |
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| CN103190275A true CN103190275A (en) | 2013-07-10 |
| CN103190275B CN103190275B (en) | 2014-05-14 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103899106A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-02 | 曹安柏 | Intelligent mechanical farm ensuring stable yields despite drought or excessive rain |
| CN105393665A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Soil preparation model with easy draining and machinery seedling lifting, and peach seedling cultivation method |
| CN109197525A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-15 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of farmland irrigation method |
Citations (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2932940Y (en) * | 2006-08-19 | 2007-08-15 | 贺连祥 | Mounted plough capable of adjusting penetrating moment |
| CN202385456U (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2012-08-22 | 冯寿山 | Upland plough |
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2013
- 2013-04-18 CN CN201310136459.XA patent/CN103190275B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2932940Y (en) * | 2006-08-19 | 2007-08-15 | 贺连祥 | Mounted plough capable of adjusting penetrating moment |
| CN202385456U (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2012-08-22 | 冯寿山 | Upland plough |
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| 孙丽敏: "《浅议农田节水灌溉》", 《民营科技》 * |
| 孟夏: "《节水灌溉适宜技术选择方法研究》", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》 * |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103899106A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-02 | 曹安柏 | Intelligent mechanical farm ensuring stable yields despite drought or excessive rain |
| CN105393665A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Soil preparation model with easy draining and machinery seedling lifting, and peach seedling cultivation method |
| CN109197525A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-15 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of farmland irrigation method |
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| CN103190275B (en) | 2014-05-14 |
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