CN113853865B - Drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing sloping field terrain and plants and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing sloping field terrain and plants and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113853865B CN113853865B CN202111136137.6A CN202111136137A CN113853865B CN 113853865 B CN113853865 B CN 113853865B CN 202111136137 A CN202111136137 A CN 202111136137A CN 113853865 B CN113853865 B CN 113853865B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing sloping field topography and plants and a construction method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem of nitrogen and phosphorus emission caused by excessive application of a chemical fertilizer in the cultivation process of flowers and trees. Is characterized in that: the system comprises a natural land block of the sloping field terrace, an overflow drainage system and an excess drainage system, wherein the natural land block of the sloping field terrace comprises a plant side slope and a planting bed surface, and vines or herbaceous plants are planted on the plant side slope; the overflowing drainage system is arranged along the outer edge of the planting bed surface and comprises overflowing drainage ridges, inner drainage ditches and overflowing drainage holes, wherein the inner drainage ditches are arranged on the inner sides of the overflowing drainage ridges, and the overflowing drainage holes are uniformly formed; the excess drainage system comprises an excess drainage channel arranged in the vertical direction of the contour line of the sloping field, a water interception block is arranged at the position of an overflow port of the excess drainage channel, and the excess drainage system has the advantages that: the slope plant is used for absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing the terraced fields of the sloping fields and combining with the optimized drainage system, the slope plant has the characteristics of simple construction, low cost and easy maintenance, and the effect of better digesting nitrogen and phosphorus is obtained due to large adsorption surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water environment protection, in particular to a drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing sloping field topography and plants and a construction method thereof.
Background
Flowers and trees are an important forest industry, and excessive application of chemical fertilizers becomes an important problem to be solved urgently. In agricultural production, aiming at excessive discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus, a plurality of digestion methods are provided, but most of the methods use ecological water purification equipment or plant water-resistant plants capable of absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus in ditch water bodies. On one hand, the methods need to build complex equipment or have higher construction and maintenance cost, on the other hand, the methods are only suitable for flat land and are difficult to produce better effect on sloping land.
Most of the flower and tree cultivation is on gentle slope mountain land, and many of the areas are reservoir areas for water resource protection, so that the ecological protection is very important. In these areas, if a conventional method of installing an ecological ditch in a main drainage ditch is used, the following problems are easily caused: on one hand, the water-resistant wet plants in the ecological ditch are extremely easy to die in dry and dry seasons in summer; on the other hand, the ecological ditch arranged by the main drainage ditch causes over-concentration of the drainage surface, and the addition of the sloping field topography causes over-high water flow speed, so that the retention time of the rainwater with nitrogen and phosphorus in the ecological ditch is too short, and the absorption and utilization effects of the drainage system of the ecological ditch are poor. And the water treatment facilities and the water treatment methods have high cost in the digestion process of nitrogen and phosphorus, need maintenance and are not beneficial to popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the drainage system for digesting the nitrogen and the phosphorus by utilizing the sloping field terrain and the plants and the construction method thereof, which can utilize the natural terrace terrain of the sloping field, combine the optimized drainage system and utilize the slope plants to absorb the nitrogen and the phosphorus, and the drainage system has the characteristics of simple construction, low cost and the like, and can obtain better effect of digesting the nitrogen and the phosphorus because of large adsorption surface.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing sloping field topography and plants is characterized by comprising a plurality of levels of sloping field terraces natural plots, an overflow drainage system and an excess drainage system,
the natural land blocks of the sloping field terraced fields comprise plant side slopes with the slope of less than 25 degrees and planting bed surfaces basically parallel to the ground, the plant side slopes and the planting bed surfaces are alternately arranged at intervals, and vines or herbaceous plants are planted on the plant side slopes;
the overflowing drainage system is arranged along the outer edge of the planting bed surface and comprises an overflowing drainage ridge higher than the planting bed surface, an inner drainage ditch arranged on the inner side of the overflowing drainage ridge and overflowing drainage holes uniformly penetrating the overflowing drainage ridge;
the excess drainage system comprises an excess drainage channel which penetrates through a plurality of levels of natural land blocks of the sloping field terraced fields in the direction perpendicular to the contour lines, and a water blocking block is arranged at the position of an overflow port of the excess drainage channel.
In some embodiments, the overflow drain holes are pre-buried by using pipes with the pipe diameter of 10cm-15cm, the intervals of the overflow drain holes are 1.5m-2.5m, and the bottoms of the pipes are flush with the bottoms of the inner drainage ditches when the overflow drain holes are buried. Therefore, when the precipitation is small, moisture is discharged through the overflowing drainage holes, and the moisture can be uniformly absorbed by plants through slope overflowing, so that the function of digesting nitrogen and phosphorus is achieved.
In some embodiments, the overflow drainage channel is composed of a first section arranged on the plant slope and a second section arranged on the planting bed surface, a connection port of the first section and the second section is the overflow port, the water interception block is arranged at the overflow port, the outer side surface of the water interception block is flush with the end of the first section, and the height of the water interception block is slightly higher than the height of the top wall of the overflow drainage hole. The built-in water interception block can ensure that water flows drain through the side slope overflowing drainage hole when the rainwater is less, and simultaneously ensure that the water flows are prevented from scouring the side slope when the rainfall is larger, and the excessive water is drained through the main drainage channel, so that the pressure of the side slope overflowing drainage is reduced, and the side slope scouring is prevented; meanwhile, the water interception block is arranged, and the height of the water interception block is slightly higher than that of the overflowing drainage hole, so that the function of an overflow weir is achieved, the water flow passing through the excess drainage channel is not too fast and too large, and the intercepting effect is improved.
In some embodiments, the height of the water-intercepting block is 15cm-20cm, the width of the water-intercepting block is 20cm-30cm, and the length of the water-intercepting block is equal to the width of the excess drainage canal. The size of this water cutting piece sets up through reasonable selection, can play above-mentioned description effect through practical application, and height or width are improper can influence the drainage effect to influence final ecological effect of dispelling.
In some embodiments, vines and herbs are planted alternately on said plant slope, the vines being selected from one or more of the following: trachelospermum jasminoides, euonymus fortunei and climbing fig, wherein the herbaceous plant is selected from one or more of the following plants: radix liriopes, zephyranthes candida and zoysia japonica, and the height of the planted plants is not more than 20cm. The plants selected from the side slope are lianas or herbaceous plants, have the characteristic of good soil fixation effect, can resist certain water humidity in rainy season when rainwater flows over, can resist certain drought in summer drought when no rain exists, and bring better nitrogen and phosphorus digestion effect by combining the terrain and drainage structure arrangement of the invention.
In some embodiments, the width of the planting bed is 5m to 20m, the width of the slope surface of the plant side slope is 2m to 5m, the overflowing drainage ridge is a soil ridge, the width of the overflowing drainage ridge is as required by walking, the inner drainage ditches are arranged according to the contour line outside the plant side slope, the width of each inner drainage ditch is 30m to 40cm, the depth of each inner drainage ditch is 20cm to 30cm, and one excess drainage ditch is arranged at a distance of about 30m to 50m per plot.
The construction method of the drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by using sloping field terrain and plants comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the following steps of (1) performing terrace treatment on a natural gentle slope mountain land, and dividing the natural gentle slope mountain land into a planting plane and a plant slope, wherein the planting plane is used as a crop planting plane, and the plant slope is used as a nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and digestion plane of plants;
(2) Alternately planting plants on the plant slope according to the mode of one layer of liana and one layer of herbaceous plant, selecting plants with the height not more than 20cm, and the initial density is not less than 49 clumps/m when planting the plants with the aim of closing 2 The lawn is directly paved and used after the plants on the plant side slope are fully covered and closed;
(3) Arranging overflow drainage ridges along the outer edge of each layer of planting bed surface, arranging inner drainage ditches at the inner sides of the overflow drainage ridges, arranging overflow drainage holes at intervals in each overflow drainage ridge, burying the overflow drainage holes by adopting PVC pipes with the pipe diameters of 10cm-15cm, and arranging one overflow drainage hole at intervals of 1.5m-2.5 m;
(4) And (3) arranging excess drainage channels along the direction vertical to the contour line, arranging overflow ports on each excess drainage channel, arranging water intercepting blocks with the width of 20-30 cm and the height of 15-20 cm in each overflow port, wherein the length of each water intercepting block is equal to the width of the excess drainage channel, and the water intercepting blocks are poured by cement concrete or are treated by brick laying and then brushing an anti-seepage layer by cement powder outside the water intercepting blocks or are treated by clay tamping.
In the step (2), the space between the overflowing drainage holes is controlled to be 1.5-2.0 m for the slope with wide planting bed surface and large precipitation, and the space between the overflowing drainage holes is controlled to be 2.0-2.5 m for the slope with narrow planting bed surface and small precipitation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) According to the invention, aiming at the terrains of gentle slope zones, the terraces of natural terraces are utilized for carrying out segmented interception, and then the overflowing drainage holes are utilized for overflowing drainage absorption through the side slopes, because the slope inclined surface area is large, and the blocking of water flow after the dense planting of side slope plants is added, the flow velocity of the water flow is reduced, the flow area is increased, the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus elements is more facilitated, and the absorption and digestion effects are better than those of a common ecological ditch system; most sloping fields are water resource protection areas, and compared with plain farmlands, the ecological significance is more obvious; (2) Because the plant side slope has a certain gradient, the plant side slope flows downwards under the action of the natural gravity of water, and the water flow blockage caused by the planting and digestion of aquatic plants and the influence on water drainage like a flat drainage ditch can be avoided; (3) The structure of the invention only needs to embed the overflowing drainage hole and the prefabricated water-intercepting block in advance, does not need any mechanical power or other equipment, and basically does not need subsequent investment or special maintenance management after being built once, thereby having the advantages of low cost, convenient maintenance and management and the like, and reducing the mechanical and labor cost; meanwhile, the characteristics of fertilizer emission reduction, good landscape effect and ecological harmony can be achieved, and the requirement of sustainable development is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation view of a dome of an embodiment of a drainage system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view of a slope of an embodiment of the drainage system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional plan view of a weir in a drainage system according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a sectional view of an overflow in the drainage system of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an elevation view of a weir in a drainage system of the present invention.
The system comprises a sloping field terrace natural land 10, a plant side slope 11, a planting bed surface 12, an overflow drainage system 20, an overflow drainage ridge 21, an inner drainage ditch 22, an overflow drainage hole 23, an excess drainage system 30, an excess drainage channel 31, a first section 311, a second section 312, an overflow port 32 and a water interception block 33.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example one
As shown in the figure, the drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing sloping field landform and plants comprises a plurality of levels of sloping field terrace natural plots 10, an overflowing drainage system 20 and an excess drainage system 30.
The natural land 10 of the sloping field terrace comprises a plant side slope 11 with the slope less than 25 degrees and a planting bed surface 12 basically parallel to the ground, the plant side slope 11 and the planting bed surface 12 are alternately arranged at intervals, and the plant side slope 11 is planted with vines or herbaceous plants.
The overflowing drainage system 20 is arranged along the outer edge of the planting bed surface 12 and comprises an overflowing drainage ridge 21 higher than the planting bed surface 12, an inner drainage ditch 22 arranged inside the overflowing drainage ridge 21 and overflowing drainage holes 23 which are embedded in the overflowing drainage ridge 21 at equal intervals.
The excess drainage system 30 comprises an excess drainage channel 31 which penetrates through natural plots of a plurality of grades of sloping fields in a direction perpendicular to contour lines, and a water interception block 33 is arranged at an overflow port 32 of the excess drainage channel.
Therefore, when the precipitation is small, water is discharged through the overflowing drainage holes, the water can be uniformly absorbed by plants through the overflowing of the side slopes, the plants selected from the side slopes are lianas or herbaceous plants, the side slopes have the characteristic of good soil fixing effect, and can resist certain water humidity when rainwater overflows in rainy seasons and can resist certain drought when no rain exists in summer. When the rainfall is large, rainwater can be collected and discharged through the excess drainage channel, the excess drainage channel is a main drainage channel for farmland drainage and irrigation design, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the invention only needs to arrange an excess drainage overflow port at a side slope drainage port and internally arrange a water interception block, so that the rainwater can be ensured to be drained through the side slope overflowing drainage hole when the rainwater is less, and simultaneously, the rainwater is prevented from scouring a side slope when the rainfall is large, the excessive moisture is discharged through the main drainage channel, the pressure of side slope overflowing drainage is reduced, and the side slope is prevented from scouring; meanwhile, the water interception block is arranged and is slightly higher than the overflowing drainage hole, so that the function of an overflow weir is achieved, the water flow passing through the excess drainage channel cannot be too fast and too large, the interception effect is improved, and the ecological digestion effect of nitrogen and phosphorus is further improved.
Example two
The drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by using sloping field terrain and plants provided by the embodiment explains the specific structure of the overflowing drainage hole on the basis of the first embodiment. In the embodiment, the overflowing drainage holes 23 are embedded by PVC pipes with the pipe diameter of 10cm-15cm, in other embodiments, the drainage holes can be arranged by pipes made of other materials, the distance between the overflowing drainage holes 23 is 1.5m-2.5m, and the bottoms of the pipes are flush with the bottom of the inner drainage ditch when the overflowing drainage holes are embedded.
EXAMPLE III
The drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing sloping field terrain and plants provided by the embodiment explains the specific structure of the excess drainage system on the basis of the first embodiment or the second embodiment. In this embodiment, the excess drainage channel 31 is composed of a first section 311 arranged on the plant slope 11 and a second section 312 arranged on the planting bed surface 12, a connection port of the first section and the second section is a water overflow port 32, a water interception block 33 is arranged at the water overflow port 32, the outer side surface of the water interception block 33 is flush with the end part of the first section 311, and the height of the water interception block 33 is slightly higher than the height of the top wall of the overflow drainage hole 23.
In the embodiment, the height of the water interception block 33 is 15cm-20cm, the width of the water interception block 33 is 20cm-30cm, and the length of the water interception block is equal to the width of the excess drainage channel.
Example four
The drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing sloping field landform and plants, which is provided by the embodiment, is further optimized for planting slope plants on the basis of the embodiment. In this example, vines and grasses were planted alternately on the plant slope, the vines being selected from one or more of the following: trachelospermum jasminoides, euonymus fortunei and climbing fig, wherein the herbaceous plant is selected from one or more of the following plants: the height of the planted plants is not more than 20cm, and the planting density is not less than 49 clumps/m 2 The lawn can be directly paved. The vine-shaped plant has general absorption effect but better water buffering effectThe capacity, and the herbaceous plant just complements each other, consequently alternate interval plants vine and herbaceous plant on the side slope, combines both can effectively prevent that the side slope from being washed away, reduces the velocity of flow of rivers, makes moisture and nitrogen, phosphorus element fully absorbed. Compared with the common planting density, the planting density is properly increased so as to improve the digestion capability of nitrogen and phosphorus.
The width of the planting bed surface 12 is 5m-20m, the slope surface width of the plant side slope 11 is 2m-5m, the overflowing drainage ridge 21 is a soil ridge, the width of the overflowing drainage ridge 21 is as required by walking, the inner drainage ditches 22 are arranged according to the contour line of the plant side slope, the width of each inner drainage ditch 22 is 30m-40cm, the depth of each ditch is 20cm-30cm, and about 30m-50m of each land block is provided with one excess drainage ditch 31.
EXAMPLE five
The construction method of the drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing sloping field terrain and plants in any embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Alternately planting plants on the plant slope at intervals according to a mode of one layer of liana and one layer of herbaceous plant, selecting plants with the height not more than 20cm, and aiming at closure during planting, wherein the initial density is generally not less than 49 clumps/m 2 The lawn can be directly paved and used after the plants on the plant side slope are completely covered and sealed;
(2) Arranging overflow drain holes at intervals in each overflow drain ridge, wherein the overflow drain holes are embedded by PVC pipes with the pipe diameters of 10cm-15cm, and are arranged at intervals of 1.5m-2.5 m;
(3) And arranging an overflow gap in each excess drainage channel, arranging a water interception block with the width of 20-30 cm and the height of 15-20 cm in the overflow gap, wherein the length of the water interception block is the same as the width of the excess drainage channel, and the water interception block is poured by adopting cement concrete, or is treated by adopting brick laying and then plastering a water seepage prevention layer on the outer surface of the water interception block by adopting cement, or is treated by adopting clay tamping.
In the step (2), the overflowing drainage holes are determined according to the width of the planting bed surface and the local precipitation, the planting bed surface is wide, the precipitation is large, the distance between the overflowing drainage holes is properly reduced and controlled to be 1.5m-2.0m, otherwise, the distance is properly increased and controlled to be 2.0m-2.5m.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The invention relates to a drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing sloping field topography and plants and a construction method thereof, which are particularly implemented on sloping fields for planting cherry blossom, wherein the planting bed surface width of the sloping fields is 5m-10m, and the sloping surfaces are 2m-3m. The drainage ridge is a soil ridge, the inner drainage ditches are arranged along the contour line outside the terrace, the ditches are 30cm wide and 20cm deep, one excess drainage ditch is arranged at the interval of 40m per land, the plant side slope adopts one layer of trachelospermi, the other layer of liriope spicata is planted, and the plants are planted at intervals. And arranging overflow holes on the drainage ridges, wherein the overflow holes are buried by PVC pipes, the pipe diameter is 15cm, the interval is 2m, the overflow opening is arranged on the excess drainage channel, brick-built water-retaining blocks with the width of 20cm and the height of 15cm and the length equal to the width of the excess drainage channel are arranged in the overflow opening, and cement painting is used for water seepage prevention treatment.
After the construction is completed, 40kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of land in an annular mode, water samples (separating two side slopes of liana and grass) are respectively taken from the upper opening and the lower opening of a slope at 1d, 11d and 28d (the interval time when water exists in the ditch after rain), and the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus is measured, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in water samples
As can be seen from table 1, by using the drainage system and the construction method thereof of the present invention, after slope overflow digestion, both nitrogen and phosphorus have good digestion effects, specifically, after 1d, the total nitrogen is reduced by 52.9%, and the total phosphorus is reduced by 56.6%; after 11d, the total nitrogen is reduced by 52.7 percent, and the total phosphorus is reduced by 47.1 percent; after 28 days, the total nitrogen is reduced by 67.5 percent, and the total phosphorus is reduced by 60.4 percent. Therefore, the ecological drainage system and the construction method of the ecological drainage system can achieve good absorption and digestion effects on nitrogen and phosphorus elements, do not need other mechanical power equipment, have simple structure, are convenient to maintain, have low cost, can achieve the ecological fertilizer emission reduction effect with continuous effect, are beneficial to water resource protection, and have important ecological significance.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and the present invention may be modified in materials and structures, or replaced with technical equivalents, in the constructions of the above-mentioned various components. Therefore, structural equivalents made by using the description and drawings of the present invention or by directly or indirectly applying to other related arts are also encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by using sloping field landform and plants is characterized by comprising a plurality of levels of sloping field terrace natural plots, an overflow drainage system and an excess drainage system,
the natural land parcel of the sloping field terrace comprises a plant side slope with the slope smaller than 25 degrees and a planting bed surface basically parallel to the ground, the plant side slope and the planting bed surface are alternately arranged at intervals, and the plant side slope is planted with vines or herbaceous plants;
the overflowing drainage system is arranged along the outer edge of the planting bed surface and comprises an overflowing drainage ridge higher than the planting bed surface, an inner drainage ditch arranged on the inner side of the overflowing drainage ridge and overflowing drainage holes uniformly penetrating the overflowing drainage ridge;
the excess drainage system comprises an excess drainage channel which penetrates through a plurality of levels of natural plots of the sloping field terraces in the direction perpendicular to contour lines, and a water interception block is arranged at an overflow port of the excess drainage channel;
alternately planting vines and grasses on the plant slope, wherein the vines are selected from one or more of the following plants: trachelospermi caulis, wintercreeper and climbing fig, the herbaceous plant is selected from one or more of the following: radix liriopes, zephyranthes candida and zoysia japonica, and the height of the planted plants is not more than 20cm;
the overflow drainage channel is composed of a first section arranged on the plant slope and a second section arranged on the planting bed surface, a connecting port of the first section and the second section is an overflow port, the water interception block is arranged at the overflow port, the outer side surface of the water interception block is flush with the end part of the first section, and the height of the water interception block is slightly higher than that of the top wall of the overflow drainage hole.
2. The drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing sloping field terrain and plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the overflowing drainage holes are pre-buried by adopting pipes with the pipe diameter of 10cm-15cm, the distance between the overflowing drainage holes is 1.5m-2.5m, and the bottoms of the pipes are level with the bottoms of the inner drainage ditches when the overflowing drainage holes are buried.
3. The drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing sloping field terrain and plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the water interception block is 15cm-20cm, the width of the water interception block is 20cm-30cm, and the length of the water interception block is equal to the width of the excess drainage channel.
4. The drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by using sloping field landforms and plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the planting bed is 5m-20m, the width of the slope of the plant side slope is 2m-5m, the overflowing drainage ridge is an earthen ridge, the width of the overflowing drainage ridge is according to the walking requirement, the inner drainage ditches are arranged according to the contour line outside the plant side slope, the width of the inner drainage ditches is 30m-40cm, the depth of the ditches is 20cm-30cm, and one excess drainage ditch is arranged at a distance of 30m-50m per land.
5. The method for constructing the drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by using the sloping field terrain and the plants as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the following steps of (1) performing terrace treatment on a natural gentle slope mountain land, and dividing the natural gentle slope mountain land into a planting plane and a plant slope, wherein the planting plane is used as a crop planting plane, and the plant slope is used as a nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and digestion plane of plants;
(2) Alternately planting plants on the plant slope according to the mode of one layer of liana and one layer of herbaceous plant, selecting plants with the height not more than 20cm, and aiming at closure during plantingThe initial density is generally not less than 49 clumps/m 2 The lawn is directly paved and used after the plants on the plant side slope are fully covered and closed;
(3) Arranging overflow drainage ridges along the outer edge of each layer of planting bed surface, arranging inner drainage ditches at the inner sides of the overflow drainage ridges, arranging overflow drainage holes at intervals in each overflow drainage ridge, burying the overflow drainage holes by adopting PVC pipes with the pipe diameters of 10cm-15cm, and arranging one overflow drainage hole at intervals of 1.5m-2.5 m;
(4) And (3) arranging excess drainage channels along the direction vertical to the contour line, arranging overflow ports on each excess drainage channel, arranging water intercepting blocks with the width of 20-30 cm and the height of 15-20 cm in each overflow port, wherein the length of each water intercepting block is equal to the width of the excess drainage channel, and the water intercepting blocks are poured by cement concrete or are treated by brick laying and then brushing an anti-seepage layer by cement powder outside the water intercepting blocks or are treated by clay tamping.
6. The method for constructing a drainage system for removing nitrogen and phosphorus by using sloping fields and terrain and plants as claimed in claim 5, wherein the overflow drainage holes in step (2) are determined according to the width of the planting bed surface and the local precipitation, the spacing between the overflow drainage holes is controlled to be 1.5m-2.0m for a sloping field with a wide planting bed surface and a large precipitation, and the spacing between the overflow drainage holes is controlled to be 2.0m-2.5m for a sloping field with a narrow planting bed surface and a small precipitation.
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