CN111631102A - Cultivation method for quick breeding of green Chinese onions - Google Patents
Cultivation method for quick breeding of green Chinese onions Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for quick breeding of green Chinese onions, which comprises the following steps: selecting seeds, accelerating germination, sowing, applying seedling raising fertilizer, vernalizing and cultivating, wherein during accelerating germination, the selected seeds with the shells of the buds removed are placed in a container, salicylic acid solution with the concentration of 0.5-1.0 mg/L is sprayed into the container with the seeds to immerse the seeds for 3-4h, then a tray containing the seeds is placed in a germplasm storage box with the temperature of 0-3 ℃, the germplasm storage box is refrigerated for 1-3 days, taken out, covered with wet gauze on the surfaces of the seeds, placed in a shade and accelerated to germinate for 1-2 days, the seeds can be rapidly released from dormancy by soaking breeding in the salicylic acid solution, taken out and refrigerated at low temperature, gibberellin and cytokinin in the seeds are increased, the germination of the seeds is promoted, and the growth promoter, the seedling raising fertilizer and the vernalizing cultivation can further promote the propagation of the large scallion, the breeding time is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for quick breeding of green Chinese onions.
Background
The Chinese onion is an important production country and a consumption country of the Chinese onion, although the Chinese onion has abundant germplasm resources, the Chinese onion is still planted in a conventional variety because breeding and breeding of the Chinese onion germplasm is late, the planting period is long, the growth vigor of the Chinese onion is not good, the laggard situation of planting and cultivating the Chinese onion is changed, and the germplasm breeding of the Chinese onion is a key point.
In recent years, researchers in China have carried out a great deal of research work on breeding of green Chinese onions, and have successfully reported methods for breeding green Chinese onions by hybrid combinations prepared by using the male sterile lines of green Chinese onions, for example, the Lina, etc., of the vegetable institute of the academy of agricultural sciences of Liaoning province, breed a novel male sterile line by testing and backcrossing 7 generations of the male sterile line 63A and maintaining the pair, the Runjiang, etc., of the vegetable institute of the academy of agriculture and forestry sciences of Shijiazhuan, etc., by using the sterile line of green Chinese onions found in the breeding field of the conventional variety 'Qingye No. 1' as the sterile source, and breeding of the stable sterile line 353A and the corresponding maintainer line 353B by using the backcross transformation method, but because the two schemes can improve the quality of the green Chinese onions, the years are found from the successful breeding of the sterile line of the green Chinese onions to the selection of the male sterile line of the green Chinese onions, the cultivation process of the green Chinese onion germplasm and the development of modern agriculture are seriously influenced, so in order to solve the problem of the breeding age limit in the breeding process of the green Chinese onion, all steps in the breeding process of the green Chinese onion must be reasonably arranged, which is the key for shortening the hybridization breeding age limit of the green Chinese onion.
Disclosure of Invention
The cultivation method for rapidly breeding the green Chinese onions solves the problem of long breeding period in the hybrid cultivation process of the green Chinese onions.
The invention provides a cultivation method for quick breeding of green Chinese onions, which comprises the following steps:
seed selection: selecting the onion buds with vigorous growth, high temperature resistance and low cold resistance as onion seeds;
accelerating germination: placing the selected seeds obtained by removing the shells of the green Chinese onion buds in a container, spraying salicylic acid solution with the concentration of 0.5-1.0 mg/L into the container filled with the seeds, immersing the seeds in the salicylic acid solution for 3-4h, taking out the seeds, draining the salicylic acid solution, placing the seeds in a tray, placing the tray filled with the seeds in a germplasm storage box at the temperature of 0-3 ℃, refrigerating for 1-3 days, taking out, covering wet gauze on the surfaces of the seeds, placing the seeds in a dark place, accelerating germination for 1-2 days, and germinating;
sowing: when the white exposure rate of the germinated seeds reaches over 90 percent, dibbling the germinated seeds on a seedling bed, spraying a proper amount of water, covering 2-3cm of soil after sowing, spraying a proper amount of aqueous solution of a growth promoter, covering a mulching film, controlling the temperature of a greenhouse to be 20-25 ℃, cultivating for 2-3 days, starting to push the sprouts to emerge on the top soil, thinning when the green Chinese onion seedlings grow to two true leaves, and ensuring that the seedling spacing on the seedling bed is 1.5 multiplied by 2 cm;
applying a seedling raising fertilizer: when the green Chinese onions grow to three true leaves, spraying an aged biogas slurry fertilizer water solution to the green Chinese onions at the frequency of every 2-3 days, wherein the concentration of the aged biogas slurry fertilizer is 100-2Diluting the aged biogas slurry fertilizer with water in a volume ratio of 1:2, and spraying;
vernalization: when the green Chinese onion seedlings grow into four true leaves and the diameter of the green Chinese onion seedlings is more than 2cm, controlling the room temperature of a greenhouse at 6-10 ℃ and culturing for 30-40 days;
culturing: transplanting the vernalized young scallion at the room temperature of 25-35 ℃ and planting on soil ridges, and periodically managing the scallion in the field in the cultivation stage, wherein organic fertilizers for promoting the growth of the scallion are applied in the soil ridges.
Preferably, the growth promoter is cytokinin, and the concentration of the cytokinin is 50-100 ppm.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of pig manure, 20-30 parts of decomposed soybean meal and rice bran, 30-45 parts of chicken manure, 20-40 parts of straws, 10-50 parts of humic acid, 3-4 parts of a microbial agent and 0.5-1.0 part of gypsum powder.
Preferably, the microbial agent is one of actinomycete flora, lactobacillus flora or EM flora.
Preferably, said field management comprises applying topdressing, irrigation and ridging; wherein, the top dressing is applied once every 10 to 15 days, the water quantity is not too much during irrigation, accumulated water remained on the two soil ridges is timely drained after the irrigation is finished, and the hilling is performed once every 3 to 5 days.
Preferably, the applied top dressing is a 1.0% sodium molybdate solution.
Preferably, the irrigation adopts a sprinkling irrigation mode and is used for supplementing the moisture required by the growth of the green Chinese onions in time. .
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the cultivation method for rapidly breeding the green Chinese onions is simple and easy to operate, the quality of the cultured green Chinese onions is guaranteed by selecting the strong-growth, high-temperature-resistant and low-cold-resistant green Chinese onion buds as the green Chinese onion seeds, the seed dormancy can be relieved by soaking the bred seeds in the salicylic acid solution and performing cold storage cultivation at low temperature, gibberellin and cytokinin in the seeds are increased, and the germination of the seeds is promoted, which is the key for shortening the cultivation period of the green Chinese onions in the cultivation process of the green Chinese onions.
2) According to the cultivation method for rapidly breeding the green Chinese onions, the survival rate of seedlings after planting on the seedbed is improved by sowing the germinated seeds with the white exposure rate of more than 90%, and the germination rate of the green Chinese onions can be further improved by spraying the growth promoter aqueous solution on the seedbed after dibbling the seeds.
3) According to the cultivation method for rapidly breeding the green Chinese onions, provided by the invention, when the green Chinese onions grow to three true leaves, the growth of the green Chinese onions can be further promoted by applying the seedling raising fertilizer, wherein the biogas liquid fertilizer is applied to the green Chinese onions in a spraying manner, so that the growth of the green Chinese onions can be promoted, the plant diseases and insect pests of the green Chinese onions can be reduced, and the cultivation time of the green Chinese onions is shortened.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention, the following embodiments are further described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The cultivation method for quick breeding of the green Chinese onions comprises the following steps:
seed selection: selecting the onion buds with vigorous growth, high temperature resistance and low cold resistance as onion seeds;
accelerating germination: placing the selected seeds obtained by removing the shells of the green Chinese onion buds in a container, spraying salicylic acid solution with the concentration of 0.5mg/L into the container filled with the seeds, immersing the seeds in the salicylic acid solution, soaking for 3 hours, taking out the seeds, draining the salicylic acid solution, placing the seeds in a tray, then placing the tray filled with the seeds in a germplasm storage box with the temperature of 0 ℃, refrigerating for 1 day, taking out the seeds, covering wet gauze on the surfaces of the seeds, placing the seeds in the shade, accelerating germination for 1 day, and germinating the seeds;
sowing: when the white exposure rate of the germinated seeds reaches over 90 percent, dibbling the germinated seeds on a seedling bed, spraying a proper amount of water, covering soil for 2cm after sowing, spraying a proper amount of growth promoter aqueous solution, covering a mulching film, controlling the temperature of a greenhouse to be 20 ℃, cultivating for 2 days, starting the sprouts to emerge from the top soil, and thinning when the green Chinese onion seedlings grow to two true leaves, so as to ensure that the seedling spacing on the seedling bed is 1.5 multiplied by 2 cm;
applying a seedling raising fertilizer: spraying an aged biogas liquid fertilizer water solution to the scallion at a frequency of every 2 days when the scallion grows to three true leaves, wherein the concentration of the aged biogas liquid fertilizer is 100kg/hm2Diluting the aged biogas slurry fertilizer with water in a volume ratio of 1:2, and spraying;
vernalization: when the green Chinese onion seedlings grow into four true leaves and the diameter of the green Chinese onion seedlings is more than 2cm, controlling the room temperature of a greenhouse at 6 ℃, and culturing for 30 days;
culturing: transplanting the vernalized green Chinese onion seedlings at the room temperature of 25 ℃ and planting the seedlings on soil ridges, and periodically performing field management on the green Chinese onions in a cultivation stage, wherein organic fertilizers for promoting the growth of the green Chinese onions are applied to the soil ridges and comprise the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of pig manure, 20 parts of decomposed soybean meal and rice bran, 30 parts of chicken manure, 20 parts of straws, 10 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of actinomycete groups and 0.5 part of gypsum powder, wherein the field management of the green Chinese onions at regular intervals in the cultivation stage comprises the steps of applying additional fertilizer, irrigating and earthing up; the top dressing is a sodium molybdate solution with the concentration of 1.0%, the top dressing is applied once every 10 days, a sprinkling irrigation mode is used during irrigation, the water quantity is not too much, the top dressing is used for supplementing water required by growth of the green Chinese onions in time, accumulated water remained on two soil ridges is removed in time after irrigation is finished, and the hilling is performed once every 3 days.
Example 2
The cultivation method for quick breeding of the green Chinese onions comprises the following steps:
seed selection: selecting the onion buds with vigorous growth, high temperature resistance and low cold resistance as onion seeds;
accelerating germination: placing the selected seeds obtained by removing the shells of the green Chinese onion buds in a container, spraying salicylic acid solution with the concentration of 0.8mg/L into the container filled with the seeds, immersing the seeds in the salicylic acid solution for 3.5 hours, taking out the seeds, draining the salicylic acid solution, placing the seeds in a tray, placing the tray filled with the seeds in a germplasm storage box with the temperature of 2 ℃, refrigerating for 2 days, taking out the seeds, covering wet gauze on the surfaces of the seeds, placing the seeds in a shade, accelerating germination for 1.5 days, and germinating the seeds;
sowing: when the white exposure rate of the germinated seeds reaches over 90 percent, dibbling the germinated seeds on a seedling bed, spraying a proper amount of water, covering soil for 2.5cm after sowing, spraying a proper amount of aqueous solution of a growth promoter, covering a mulching film, controlling the temperature of a greenhouse to be 23 ℃, cultivating for 2.5 days, starting the sprouts to emerge from the top soil, and thinning when the green Chinese onion seedlings grow to two true leaves, so as to ensure that the seedling spacing on the seedling bed is 1.5 multiplied by 2 cm;
applying a seedling raising fertilizer: spraying an aged biogas liquid fertilizer water solution to the scallion at the frequency of every 2.5 days when the scallion grows to three true leaves, wherein the concentration of the aged biogas liquid fertilizer is 150kg/hm2Diluting the aged biogas slurry fertilizer with water in a volume ratio of 1:2, and spraying;
vernalization: when the green Chinese onion seedlings grow into four true leaves and the diameter of the green Chinese onion seedlings is more than 2cm, controlling the room temperature of a greenhouse at 8 ℃, and culturing for 35 days;
culturing: transplanting the vernalized green Chinese onion seedlings at the room temperature of 30 ℃ and planting the seedlings on soil ridges, and periodically performing field management on the green Chinese onions in a cultivation stage, wherein organic fertilizers for promoting the growth of the green Chinese onions are applied to the soil ridges and comprise the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of pig manure, 25 parts of decomposed soybean meal and rice bran, 35 parts of chicken manure, 30 parts of straws, 30 parts of humic acid, 3.5 parts of actinomycete groups and 0.8 part of gypsum powder, wherein the field management of the green Chinese onions at regular intervals in the cultivation stage comprises additional fertilizer application, irrigation and ridging; the top dressing is a sodium molybdate solution with the concentration of 1.0%, the top dressing is applied once every 12 days, a sprinkling irrigation mode is used during irrigation, the water quantity is not too much, the top dressing is used for supplementing water required by growth of the green Chinese onions in time, accumulated water remained on two soil ridges is removed in time after irrigation is finished, and the hilling is performed once every 4 days.
Example 3
The cultivation method for quick breeding of the green Chinese onions comprises the following steps:
seed selection: selecting the onion buds with vigorous growth, high temperature resistance and low cold resistance as onion seeds;
accelerating germination: placing the selected seeds obtained by removing the shells of the green Chinese onion buds in a container, spraying a salicylic acid solution with the concentration of 1.0mg/L into the container filled with the seeds, immersing the seeds in the salicylic acid solution, soaking for 4 hours, taking out the seeds, draining the salicylic acid solution, placing the seeds in a tray, then placing the tray filled with the seeds in a germplasm storage box with the temperature of 3 ℃, refrigerating for 3 days, taking out the seeds, covering wet gauze on the surfaces of the seeds, placing the seeds in a shade, accelerating germination for 2 days, and germinating the seeds;
sowing: when the white exposure rate of the germinated seeds reaches over 90 percent, dibbling the germinated seeds on a seedling bed, spraying a proper amount of water, covering soil for 3cm after sowing, spraying a proper amount of growth promoter aqueous solution, covering a mulching film, controlling the temperature of a greenhouse to be 25 ℃, cultivating for 3 days, starting the sprouts to emerge from the top soil, and thinning when the green Chinese onion seedlings grow to two true leaves, so as to ensure that the seedling spacing on the seedling bed is 1.5 multiplied by 2 cm;
applying a seedling raising fertilizer: spraying to the scallion at a frequency of every 3 days when the scallion grows to three true leavesAging the biogas slurry fertilizer water solution, wherein the concentration of the aged biogas slurry fertilizer is 200kg/hm2Diluting the aged biogas slurry fertilizer with water in a volume ratio of 1:2, and spraying;
vernalization: when the green Chinese onion seedlings grow into four true leaves and the diameter of the green Chinese onion seedlings is more than 2cm, controlling the room temperature of a greenhouse at 10 ℃ and culturing for 40 days;
culturing: transplanting the vernalized green Chinese onion seedlings at the room temperature of 35 ℃ and planting the seedlings on soil ridges, and periodically performing field management on the green Chinese onions in a cultivation stage, wherein organic fertilizers for promoting the growth of the green Chinese onions are applied to the soil ridges and comprise the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of pig manure, 30 parts of decomposed soybean meal and rice bran, 45 parts of chicken manure, 40 parts of straws, 50 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of actinomycete groups and 1.0 part of gypsum powder, wherein the field management of the green Chinese onions at regular intervals in the cultivation stage comprises additional fertilizer application, irrigation and ridging; the top dressing is a sodium molybdate solution with the concentration of 1.0%, the top dressing is applied once every 15 days, a sprinkling irrigation mode is used during irrigation, the water quantity is not too much, the top dressing is used for timely supplementing water required by growth of the green Chinese onions, accumulated water remained on two soil ridges is timely removed after irrigation is finished, and the hilling is performed once every 5 days.
Comparative example 1
Example 3 differs from comparative example 1 in that: accelerating germination: placing the seeds obtained by removing the shells of the selected green Chinese onion buds in a container, spraying a salicylic acid solution with the concentration of 1.0mg/L into the container filled with the seeds, immersing the seeds in the salicylic acid solution, soaking for 4 hours, taking out the seeds, draining the salicylic acid solution, placing the seeds in a tray, covering wet gauze on the surfaces of the seeds, placing the seeds in a dark place, accelerating germination for 2 days, and germinating; the remaining conditions and procedure were the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 2
Example 1 differs from comparative example 2 in that: accelerating germination: placing the selected seeds obtained by removing the shells of the green Chinese onion buds in a container, spraying water into the container filled with the seeds to immerse the seeds in the water, soaking for 4 hours, taking out the seeds, draining the water, placing the seeds in a tray, placing the tray filled with the seeds in a germplasm storage box at the temperature of 3 ℃, refrigerating for 3 days, taking out the seeds, covering wet gauze on the surfaces of the seeds, placing the seeds in a dark place, and accelerating germination for 2 days to germinate; the remaining conditions and procedure were the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 3
Example 3 differs from comparative example 3 in that: sowing: when the white exposure rate of the germinated seeds reaches over 90 percent, dibbling the germinated seeds on a seedling bed, spraying a proper amount of water, covering soil for 3cm after sowing, covering a mulching film, controlling the temperature of a greenhouse to be 20-25 ℃, cultivating for 2-3 days, starting the sprouts to emerge from the top soil, and thinning when the green Chinese onion seedlings grow to two true leaves, wherein the rest conditions that the distance between the seedlings on the seedling bed is 1.5 multiplied by 2cm are ensured are the same as those in the embodiment 3.
Comparative example 4
Example 1 differs from comparative example 4 in that: the biogas slurry used in the step of applying the seedling fertilizer is replaced by the compound fertilizer, and the rest conditions are the same as the steps in the example 3.
Comparative example 5
Example 3 differs from comparative example 5 in that: organic fertilizers applied to the planting ridges of the green Chinese onions in the cultivation stage to promote the growth of the green Chinese onions are replaced by chemical fertilizers, a sodium molybdate solution with the concentration of 1.0% is not applied in the field management in the cultivation stage, and the rest conditions are the same as those in the example 3.
Comparative example 6
Example 3 differs from comparative example 6 in that: accelerating germination: placing the selected seeds obtained by removing the shells of the green Chinese onion buds in a container, spraying a salicylic acid solution with the concentration of 2.0mg/L into the container filled with the seeds, immersing the seeds in the salicylic acid solution, soaking for 4 hours, taking out the seeds, draining the salicylic acid solution, placing the seeds in a tray, then placing the tray filled with the seeds in a germplasm storage box with the temperature of 3 ℃, refrigerating for 3 days, taking out the seeds, covering wet gauze on the surfaces of the seeds, placing the seeds in a shade, accelerating germination for 2 days, and germinating the seeds; the remaining conditions and procedure were the same as in example 3.
Examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6 are both cultivation methods for quick breeding of green Chinese onions, and the growth cycle of the green Chinese onions cultivated in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6 is tested in terms of growth state, and the results are as follows:
table 1 shows the growth cycle and growth state of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6
As can be seen from table 1, the germination rates of the green Chinese onion seeds cultivated in examples 1 to 3 all reached 90% or more, because the bred seeds were soaked in the salicylic acid solution and refrigerated at a low temperature, the dormancy of the seeds could be rapidly released, gibberellin and cytokinin in the seeds were rapidly increased, and the rapid germination of the seeds was promoted, so that the germination rate of the green Chinese onion seeds in 5 days was as high as 90% or more, and the germination time of the green Chinese onion seeds was shortened, whereas in comparative example 1, only the green Chinese onion seeds were sprayed with the salicylic acid solution of a fixed concentration for soaking, but the seeds after soaking were not refrigerated, so that the gibberellin and cytokinin in the green Chinese onion seeds were slowly increased, and therefore, the germination rate of the green Chinese onion seeds in 5 days was only 30%, in comparative example 2, only the selected green Chinese onion seeds were refrigerated, and no salicylic acid solution of a fixed concentration was sprayed, only water is used for soaking, so the dormancy stage of the scallion seeds cannot be rapidly eliminated, and therefore the germination rate of the scallion seeds is 20%, while in the comparison document 6, salicylic acid solution is sprayed to soak the scallion seeds, and the soaked scallion seeds are refrigerated for accelerating germination, but the concentration of the salicylic acid is higher than the optimal salicylic acid soaking concentration selected in the application, and the seeds cannot be rapidly germinated, because the high-concentration salicylic acid solution has a destructive effect on a cell membrane system of the scallion seeds, so the germination rate of the seeds is reduced.
In the examples 1-3, the survival rate of the seedlings planted on the seedbed is improved, the germination rate of the green Chinese onion seeds can be further improved by spraying the growth promoter on the seedbed after the seeds are dibbled, the intracellular gibberellin concentration of the exposed seeds is improved, the rapid growth of the seedlings is promoted, the time from the growth of the seedlings to the growth of the second true leaves is shortened, and the growth promoter is not sprayed in the comparison document 3, so that the time for the seedlings to grow out of the second true leaves is 40 days longer than that in the examples, and the breeding time of the green Chinese onion is not shortened.
In examples 1-3, biogas slurry is adopted during application of the seedling raising fertilizer, the biogas slurry is mainly prepared by mixing and fermenting cow dung, rabbit dung and chicken dung, the fertility of the biogas slurry is more than 10 times of that of a common chemical synthetic fertilizer, the biogas slurry is a water quality characteristic fertilizer and is easily absorbed by plants, the percentage fertility of the biogas slurry can be ensured, the operation is simple, the biogas slurry has the effects of expelling insects and killing insects, the mortality of larvae and ova is more than 90%, the biogas slurry belongs to a green biological insecticide, the common chemical synthetic fertilizer is incomparable, in comparative example 4, a chemical organic compound fertilizer is adopted to be buried in soil and absorbed by root systems of the plants, but the fertility of the fertilizer is lost in the process that the chemical fertilizer is absorbed by the root systems of the green Chinese onions after being dissolved, the chemical fertilizer is applied for a long time, the soil is hardened, the microorganisms in the soil are unbalanced, the growth of the Chinese onions is slow, the growth period is long, the leaves are yellow, the disease and insect pests cannot be prevented, the disease and insect pests of the green Chinese onions need to be prevented in time, and the growth time of the green Chinese onions can be prolonged if the disease and insect pests are not prevented in time.
Examples 1 to 3, in which a machine fertilizer was applied to the soil ridges during cultivation and a sodium molybdate solution at a concentration of 1.0% was additionally applied as a fertilizer for welsh onion during field management, the quality of welsh onion could be improved because molybdenum, which is one of essential nutrients for plant growth, and Mo, which is Mo6+The form of the plant is absorbed by plants, molybdenum in the plant body is a constituent element of azotase and nitrate reductase, the deficiency of molybdenum can influence the nitrogen fixation of nodules and the synthesis of protein, the molybdenum can also promote the absorption of phosphorus by crops and the conversion of inorganic phosphorus to organic phosphorus, and the molybdenum plays an important role in the generation, the operation and the conversion of vitamin C and carbohydrate, so the stem and leaf of the green Chinese onion are thick and strong; the application of the organic fertilizer can improve the content of microorganisms in soil, ensure the air permeability of the soil, reduce the soil hardening rate, promote the rapid growth of plants, and has short cultivation growth period, while in the comparative example 5, the chemical fertilizer is used for replacing the organic fertilizer, the soil is hardened, the palm sound period is long, the permeability is reduced, and the leaves are yellow, so that the growth promoter is sprayed in the refrigerator after the salicylic acid solution in the rapid breeding of the green Chinese onions in the embodiment of the application is soaked, the biogas slurry is applied in the seedling lifting process, the organic fertilizer is used and sprayed in the cultivation and field management processesThe key of the sodium molybdate solution is to determine the budding rate of the scallion seeds during the cultivation of the scallion, the time for the seedling to grow the second true leaf after sowing, the growth period of the scallion in the cultivation stage and the growth state of the scallion plants.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that such changes and modifications be included within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The cultivation method for quick breeding of the green Chinese onions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
seed selection: selecting the onion buds with vigorous growth, high temperature resistance and low cold resistance as onion seeds;
accelerating germination: placing the selected seeds obtained by removing the shells of the green Chinese onion buds in a container, spraying salicylic acid solution with the concentration of 0.5-1.0 mg/L into the container filled with the seeds, immersing the seeds in the salicylic acid solution for 3-4h, taking out the seeds, draining the salicylic acid solution, placing the seeds in a tray, placing the tray filled with the seeds in a germplasm storage box at the temperature of 0-3 ℃, refrigerating for 1-3 days, taking out, covering wet gauze on the surfaces of the seeds, placing the seeds in a dark place, accelerating germination for 1-2 days, and germinating;
sowing: when the white exposure rate of the germinated seeds reaches over 90 percent, dibbling the germinated seeds on a seedling bed, spraying a proper amount of water, covering 2-3cm of soil after sowing, spraying a proper amount of aqueous solution of a growth promoter, covering a mulching film, controlling the temperature of a greenhouse to be 20-25 ℃, cultivating for 2-3 days, starting to push the sprouts to emerge on the top soil, thinning when the green Chinese onion seedlings grow to two true leaves, and ensuring that the seedling spacing on the seedling bed is 1.5 multiplied by 2 cm;
applying a seedling raising fertilizer: when the green Chinese onions grow to three true leaves, spraying an aged biogas slurry fertilizer water solution to the green Chinese onions at the frequency of every 2-3 days, wherein the concentration of the aged biogas slurry fertilizer is 100-2Diluting the aged biogas slurry fertilizer with water in a volume ratio of 1:2, and spraying;
vernalization: when the green Chinese onion seedlings grow into four true leaves and the diameter of the green Chinese onion seedlings is more than 2cm, controlling the room temperature of a greenhouse at 6-10 ℃ and culturing for 30-40 days;
culturing: transplanting the vernalized young scallion at the room temperature of 25-35 ℃ and planting on soil ridges, and periodically managing the scallion in the field in the cultivation stage, wherein organic fertilizers for promoting the growth of the scallion are applied in the soil ridges.
2. The method for cultivating shallots for rapid propagation according to claim 1, wherein the growth promoter is cytokinin, and the concentration of cytokinin is 50-100 ppm.
3. The cultivation method for the rapid propagation of the green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of pig manure, 20-30 parts of decomposed soybean meal and rice bran, 30-45 parts of chicken manure, 20-40 parts of straws, 10-50 parts of humic acid, 3-4 parts of a microbial agent and 0.5-1.0 part of gypsum powder.
4. The cultivation method for quick breeding of green Chinese onions according to claim 3, wherein the microbial agent is one of actinomycete flora, lactobacillus flora and EM flora.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the field management comprises applying top dressing, irrigation and hilling; wherein, the top dressing is applied once every 10 to 15 days, the water quantity is not too much during irrigation, accumulated water remained on the two soil ridges is timely drained after the irrigation is finished, and the hilling is performed once every 3 to 5 days.
6. The method for cultivating shallots for rapid propagation according to claim 5, wherein the additional fertilizer is 1.0% sodium molybdate solution.
7. The cultivation method for the rapid propagation of green Chinese onions according to claim 5, wherein the irrigation is performed by sprinkling irrigation for supplementing the moisture required for the growth of the green Chinese onions in time.
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