CN111631062A - Plant planting management and protection method - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a plant planting management and protection method. The method comprises the following steps: building an environment warming greenhouse in a target planting area; digging planting pits in the environment temperature-increasing greenhouse, transplanting seedlings into the planting pits, and irrigating and fertilizing the seedlings; performing heating treatment and filtering treatment on soil and seedlings in the environment heating greenhouse; and performing winter irrigation on the nursery stock in winter to form an ice layer on the surface of the soil and an ice layer on the surface of the nursery stock, so as to improve the survival rate of the nursery stock. The plant planting management and protection method can effectively improve the planting survival rate and the overwintering preservation rate of the plants in the alpine and high-altitude areas.

Description

Plant planting management and protection method

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a plant planting management and protection method.

Background

The plant cultivation is plant cultivation, and comprises cultivation of various crops, woods, fruit trees, flowers and plants, medicinal plants, ornamental plants and the like. In the process of plant planting, for different regions, different climatic environments and different soil conditions, the selection of a proper planting method for planting and managing and protecting plants is particularly important.

High cold high altitude areas are particularly cold climatic zones due to high altitude. For example, in the Tibet Naqu area, the average altitude is more than 4500 meters, the climate is dry, the annual windy day is about 100 days, the annual average temperature is-2.1 ℃, the coldest time can reach minus three and forty ℃, the annual sunshine hours are more than 2886 hours, the annual sunshine hours are relatively warm in 5 to 9 months in one year, the plant growth season is the plant growth season, but the annual effective accumulated temperature is less than 100 ℃, the annual precipitation is more than 400 millimeters, the rain and heat are in the same season, and the annual 10 months to the next 5 months are the wind and snow period and the soil freezing period.

The severe environmental conditions of high-cold and high-altitude areas such as Naqu make woody plants difficult to grow in the areas, and the common planting management and protection measures in inland hardly play a role in protection because the local growth limiting factors cannot be adjusted in a targeted manner; meanwhile, as various local growth limiting factors can act on different stages of plant growth and development, a single protection measure or means can only ensure the current safety of the plant and cannot ensure that the plant can safely and stably live through an adaptation period of at least 3 years. Therefore, the problems of low survival rate, poor growth and development and low overwintering preservation rate of woody plants in the alpine and high-altitude areas become urgent to solve.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for plant cultivation and management, so as to solve the technical defects in the prior art.

The application provides a plant planting management and protection method, which comprises the following steps:

building an environment warming greenhouse in a target planting area;

digging planting pits in the environment temperature-increasing greenhouse, transplanting seedlings into the planting pits, and irrigating and fertilizing the seedlings;

performing heating treatment and filtering treatment on soil and seedlings in the environment heating greenhouse;

and performing winter irrigation on the nursery stock in winter to form an ice layer on the surface of the soil and an ice layer on the surface of the nursery stock, so as to improve the survival rate of the nursery stock.

Furthermore, the environment heating greenhouse is an open-top type environment heating greenhouse, the top surface of the open-top type environment heating greenhouse is of an open structure, the area of the top surface is smaller than that of the bottom surface, the side wall is of a trapezoidal structure, and the side wall is made of light-transmitting materials.

Furthermore, digging planting pits in the environment temperature-increasing greenhouse, and transplanting seedlings into the planting pits, wherein the planting pits comprise:

digging a plurality of cylindrical planting pits in the environment warming greenhouse;

applying compound soil and biological fertilizer into the planting pits;

transplanting the nursery stock into the planting pits, and filling the planting pits with the compound soil;

and irrigating the nursery stock in the planting pit until the water content in the planting pit is not less than 70% of the field water capacity.

Further, the compound soil comprises meadow soil, gravel sandy loam, nutrient soil and perlite, and the biological fertilizer comprises cow dung, sheep dung and rapeseed cakes.

Further, the mass ratio of the meadow soil, the gravel sandy loam, the nutrient soil and the perlite in the compound soil is 2:2:1: 1.

Further, the warming treatment of the soil and the nursery stock in the environment warming chamber comprises:

and heating the soil in the environment temperature-increasing chamber by a solar soil temperature-increasing technology, a wind-solar complementary soil temperature-increasing technology and/or a blue titanium film soil temperature-increasing technology.

Further, the filtering treatment of the soil and the seedlings in the environmental temperature-increasing chamber comprises:

and laying a light filtering film on the side wall of the environment warming greenhouse to filter out ineffective light and harmful light.

Further, the filter film is an ultraviolet filter film and/or a red-blue filter film.

Further, the winter irrigation of the nursery stock in winter comprises the following steps:

watering and irrigating the soil according to a preset irrigation frequency under the condition that the temperature of the soil is lower than-20 ℃ in 11 months so as to form an ice layer of 8-10cm on the surface of the soil;

and carrying out snow covering treatment or atomization spraying on the nursery stock to form an ice layer on the surface of the nursery stock.

Further, before transplanting the seedlings into the planting pits, the method further comprises the following steps:

digging a seedling storage pit, paving an impermeable film in the seedling storage pit, putting the seedlings into the seedling storage pit, injecting water and covering soil to finish the seedling storage treatment.

Further, before transplanting the seedlings into the planting pits, the method further comprises the following steps:

and performing temporary planting treatment and shading treatment on the nursery stock to prevent the nursery stock from being dehydrated and dead.

According to the plant planting management and protection method, the temperature of the seedling growing environment can be adjusted by setting the environment warming greenhouse, and the seedlings can be guaranteed to be quickly adapted to the environment of a target planting area; by irrigating and fertilizing the nursery stock, water and nutrient substances required by the growth of the nursery stock can be provided, and the growth amount of the nursery stock is increased; by soil warming treatment, the root system activity of the seedlings can be improved, and the root system development and nutrient absorption are promoted; by filtering, invalid light and harmful light in the growth process of the nursery stock can be filtered, the light environment for the growth of the nursery stock is improved, the photosynthesis time is prolonged, and the accumulation of nutrient substances is increased; in winter, an ice layer is formed on the surface of the soil and an ice layer is formed on the surface of the nursery stock by winter irrigation treatment, so that the adverse effect of cold weather on the soil and the nursery stock can be relieved.

The plant planting management and protection method provided by the application can be used for solving the problems of low effective accumulated temperature, low soil temperature, poor soil texture, strong ultraviolet and visible light radiation, seasonal strong wind drought and the like in the area under the restriction factors of low effective accumulated temperature, strong soil texture, strong ultraviolet and visible light radiation, seasonal strong wind drought and the like, and improving the planting survival rate and overwintering preservation rate of plants in the high-cold high-altitude area.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating steps of a method for plant cultivation and management according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a top view of an open-top type warming greenhouse according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The following description of specific embodiments of the present application refers to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for managing and protecting plant cultivation, which includes steps S1 to S4.

And S1, building an environment temperature-increasing greenhouse in the target planting area.

Specifically, the environment temperature-increasing greenhouse is a device for increasing or preserving the temperature of the planted nursery stocks, and in this embodiment, the environment temperature-increasing greenhouse is an open-top environment temperature-increasing greenhouse.

As shown in fig. 2, the top surface of the open-top type environment heating greenhouse is an open structure, the area of the top surface is smaller than that of the bottom surface, the side wall is a trapezoidal structure, and the side wall is made of a light-transmitting material.

The top and bottom surfaces of the open-top type environment heating greenhouse can be in various shapes such as a circle, a triangle, a quadrangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, and the like, and preferably, the top and bottom surfaces of the open-top type environment heating greenhouse in the embodiment are in regular hexagon shapes. The light-transmitting material used for the side wall may be glass, etc., and this is not a limitation in the present application.

Taking high-cold high-altitude areas such as Naqu as an example, the daily average temperature in the growing season of the Naqu area is about 7.02 ℃, and the proper growing temperature of the nursery stock in the growing season is about 15-22 ℃, so that the temperature of the growing environment of the newly-seeded nursery stock is adjusted in the transition period and the stable period within 3 years before seeding of the nursery stock by adopting an open-top environment warming greenhouse, the newly-seeded nursery stock can be ensured to be rapidly adapted to the high-cold high-altitude environment, the growth quantity of the nursery stock is improved, and the accumulation of nutrient substances is increased.

Furthermore, the temperature rise range of the open-top type temperature-rising greenhouse is 3-8 ℃, which is lower than that of a traditional greenhouse, so that the open-top type temperature-rising greenhouse is applied to high-cold high-altitude areas, on one hand, the limited temperature rise of the planted plants is facilitated, the excessive growth of the plants is prevented, the lignification of the plants is promoted, on the other hand, the gas exchange in the greenhouse can be promoted through the open structure of the top surface, and the improvement of the plant growth environment is facilitated.

S2, digging planting pits in the environment temperature-increasing greenhouse, transplanting seedlings into the planting pits, and irrigating and fertilizing the seedlings.

Specifically, before transplanting the seedlings, the seedlings are required to be screened and introduced, stocked and heeled in.

For the determination of the seedling species, the selection can be performed according to the characteristics of the target planting area, for example, for the high-cold high-altitude area, the air temperature is low, and hail is often accompanied in the precipitation process, so that coniferous and narrow-leaf plants, such as cedar, juniper, cedar, golden cypress, metasequoia, larch and the like, can be selected, and less or no broad-leaf plants are selected, such as: castanopsis sclerophylla, cyclobalanopsis glauca, ilex chinensis, photinia serrulata and the like, so as to avoid the death of plants caused by the damage of hailstone to leaves.

For the determination of the seedling source land, on the premise of similar environment, the seedling source of the area which is closer to the target planting area and has better transportation condition is selected to reduce the influence of the transportation process on the seedlings. For example, if the plant is introduced to a high-cold high-altitude area such as that of Naqu, a seedling source area close to the target planting area is selected, and if no local area or a nearby area has no seedling source, a dominant seedling in an area similar to the target planting area, such as Qinghai-Tibet plateau, Yunobi plateau, or the like, is selected.

For the determination of the specification of the nursery stock, high-quality nursery stocks with small seedling age, developed root systems, complete crown shapes, good tree shapes, strong growth and no plant diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage can be selected to increase the adaptability of the nursery stocks and improve the survival rate of the nursery stocks. For example, if the plant is introduced to the alpine and high-altitude area such as the Naqu, the Qinghai spruce with the seedling age of less than 10 years can be selected to improve the adaptability of the seedling to planting and growth in the alpine and high-altitude area such as the Naqu.

For seedling lifting, the seedling lifting in spring can be selected, and the seedling lifting in winter can also be selected, and the method is not limited in the application.

The spring seedling raising is the seedling raising in the dormant period from 3 middle ten days to 4 middle ten days, the time from seedling raising to planting can be shortened as much as possible, the depth and the amplitude of seedling raising can be determined according to the size of the seedling, and the method is not limited by the application. When the seedlings are lifted, the diameter of the soil ball coated on the root of each seedling is preferably 6-8 times of the diameter of each seedling, and the thickness of the soil ball is preferably 2/3 times of the diameter of each soil ball, so that the branches and roots of the seedlings are prevented from being damaged. And (4) immediately binding the seedlings by using straw ropes after the seedlings are started, and performing temporary planting if the seedlings cannot meet the planting requirement after arriving at the field.

The temporary planting is a temporary protective measure before the nursery stock is planted or leaves a nursery, and the dug nursery stock is temporarily centralized into a vertical form or hilled soil is removed to be planted on a small land without wind damage, freezing damage and water accumulation so as to prevent water loss and withering and influence survival. In this embodiment, if the nursery stock is transported to the target planting area and cannot be planted immediately, the nursery stock is temporarily planted immediately, and shading treatment is performed to prevent the nursery stock from being dehydrated and dead.

The seedling lifting in winter is realized after the seedlings enter the dormant period for about 11 months, and the seedling lifting depth and amplitude can be determined according to the sizes of the seedlings, which is not limited by the application. When the seedlings are lifted, the diameter of the soil ball coated on the root of each seedling is preferably 6-8 times of the diameter of each seedling, and the thickness of the soil ball is preferably 2/3 times of the diameter of each soil ball, so that the branches and roots of the seedlings are prevented from being damaged. And (4) immediately binding the seedlings by using straw ropes after the seedlings are started, storing the seedlings after the seedlings arrive at the field, and starting and transplanting the seedlings after the planting conditions are met in the spring of the next year.

In this embodiment, before the seedlings reach the target planting area, a seedling hoarding pit with a depth of about 2m is excavated according to the total number of the seedlings. After the seedlings reach the target planting area, the seedlings are obliquely placed in the seedling storage pit in a regularly arranged mode with roots flushed at an angle of 30-45 degrees, and water is injected into the seedling storage pit until the water depth is about 1 m. Preferably, in order to prevent the water from seeping downwards, an impermeable membrane can be laid in the seedling hoarding pit in advance. After the water injection is finished, covering soil on the soil, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is preferably about 10cm-20 cm. The seedling hoarding treatment is carried out on the seedlings which can not be transplanted in time, so that the planting survival rate of the seedlings can be effectively improved.

It should be noted that during the transportation of the nursery stock, the nursery stock should be carefully and lightly loaded and unloaded without damaging the nursery stock. The seedlings are not required to be stacked too thick to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by heating, and when the soil ball seedlings are loaded, the soil balls are placed forwards and the crowns are placed orderly in a backward direction according to the driving direction of a vehicle. During the nursery stock transportation, should cover tarpaulin, prevent heavily pressing to often the inspection, if the nursery stock is dry will in time spray water and moisturize, in order to reduce the damage of nursery stock in the transportation.

Specifically, the step S2 includes steps S21 to S24.

And S21, digging a plurality of cylindrical planting pits in the environment warming greenhouse.

In particular, a planting pit can be excavated by adopting soil auger drilling equipment. In practical application, the specification of the planting pit can be determined according to the specification of the seedling and the size of the drill, and the planting pit is preferably a cylindrical pit body with the diameter of 80cm and the depth of 80cm, so that a better growing environment can be provided for the root system of the seedling. And after the planting pit is dug, reserving the dug soil for later use.

S22, applying compound soil and biological fertilizer into the planting pits.

Wherein the compound soil comprises meadow soil, gravel sandy loam, nutrient soil and perlite.

Meadow soil is soil which develops at low terrain, is directly infiltrated by underground water or diving and grows meadow plants, and belongs to semi-hydrated mature soil. The meadow soil is high in organic matter content, thick in humus layer, good in soil aggregate structure and sufficient in moisture, and can provide sufficient moisture and rich nutrient substances for growth of plant roots.

The gravel sandy loam has the characteristics of loose soil quality, good drainage, convenient cultivation, difficult hardening and cracking and quick temperature rise in spring, and is beneficial to the absorption of plant root systems on water and nutrient substances.

The nutrient soil is bed soil which contains various mineral nutrients, is loose and ventilated, has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and no plant diseases and insect pests, is rich in nutrition, has good soil ecological environment, can meet the healthy growth of seedlings, has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and can improve the survival rate of plants.

Perlite is a volcano-erupted acidic lava rock which is rapidly cooled to form vitreous rock. The effective water content of the perlite is up to 45%, rainwater can be effectively intercepted, the porosity of the perlite can promote the growth and development of fibrous root systems of plants, and the perlite has a good fixing effect on nursery stocks.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the meadow soil, the gravel sandy loam, the nutrient soil and the perlite in the compound soil is 2:2:1:1, so that the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the compound soil is improved, a high-quality survival and growth environment is provided for seedling roots, and the survival rate of seedling planting is improved.

After the compound soil is applied to soil, the soil physical and chemical properties such as the porosity, the nutrient structure and the content of the soil, the soil mechanical composition and the like can be obviously improved. Before transplanting the nursery stock, the planting pits are preferably filled with compound soil with the depth of about 40 cm.

The biological fertilizer comprises cow dung, sheep dung and rapeseed cakes.

The cow dung and the sheep dung have low cost and stable quality, and can be used as the components of the biological fertilizer to be applied to soil to loosen the soil, improve the soil hardening condition, chelate trace elements in the soil and improve the soil fertility.

Rapeseed cake is a byproduct of rapeseed oil pressing, and contains high protein and amino acid. The fermented rapeseed cakes have rich content of beneficial bacteria, and after the fermented rapeseed cakes are applied to soil, a large amount of beneficial bacteria enter the soil to form dominant flora, so that the growth of harmful bacteria in the soil can be inhibited, and the effects of loosening the soil and improving the soil fertility can be achieved.

The biological fertilizer disclosed by the embodiment contains nutrient elements required by crops and products containing microorganisms, is a combination of organisms, organic matters and inorganic matters, and can effectively improve the soil fertility and promote the growth of seedlings. Preferably, 200g of biological fertilizer is applied to each planting pit.

And S23, transplanting the nursery stock into the planting pits, and filling the planting pits with the compound soil.

Specifically, the time for transplanting the seedlings can be determined according to the environmental conditions of the target planting area, and the application is not limited to this. Taking a cold high-altitude area with an altitude of about 4600 meters such as Naqu as an example, when the soil thawing time is about 4 to 5 months in the middle and last ten days of the month, after the temperature rises and the soil begins to thaw obviously, seedling transplanting is carried out.

And when the seedlings are transplanted, the soil balls are kept complete, and are placed in the pits, so that the root system layer is guaranteed to be mainly filled with compound soil when the root system layer is concentrated in the planting pits to be 20-30cm deep, the planting pits are filled and compacted, and the seedlings are guaranteed to be vertical and stable.

S24, irrigating the seedlings in the planting pits until the water content in the planting pits is not less than 70% of the field water capacity.

Specifically, the field water holding capacity refers to the upper limit of soil water available for most plants, which is the stable soil water content (soil water potential or soil water suction reaches a certain value) that can be maintained by a soil profile after a certain period of time, by allowing water to fully infiltrate and preventing water from evaporating after sufficient irrigation or precipitation on soil with deep underground water and good drainage.

In the embodiment, the seedlings are immediately watered after being transplanted, and the water is thoroughly watered until the water amount at least reaches 70% of the field water capacity, so that sufficient water required by the growth of the seedlings can be ensured, and the influence of water loss on the growth of the seedlings is avoided.

In addition, after the newly planted nursery stock is watered for the first time, the nursery stock is immediately sealed and earthed until roots do not expose, and the thickness of the soil is not more than 5cm of the ground surface. Watering again on the 7 th day after transplanting to ensure that the seedlings sprout and supply enough water, and then watering frequency can be determined according to the situation so as to ensure that the ground temperature of the roots of the seedlings is raised as soon as possible and the roots of the seedlings sprout. Watering the nursery stock with a proper amount after the nursery stock sprouts to supplement the death of the sprouting seedling caused by insufficient water supply at the root after the nursery stock sprouts. Performing one-time water-fertilizer integrated fertilization by mainly using a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer at the beginning of 7 months every year, simultaneously applying a microbial fertilizer, and spraying the potassium fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer on leaf surfaces in the middle of 7 months; and (3) applying a base fertilizer before and after autumn equinox to promote root growth and lignification process.

And S3, performing temperature increasing treatment and light filtering treatment on the soil and the seedlings in the environment temperature increasing chamber.

Specifically, the soil in the environmental temperature-increasing chamber can be heated by a solar soil temperature-increasing technology, a wind-solar complementary soil temperature-increasing technology and/or a blue titanium film soil temperature-increasing technology.

The solar energy soil temperature raising technology, the wind-solar complementary soil temperature raising technology and the blue titanium film soil temperature raising technology are all used for converting electric energy and heat energy by utilizing solar energy, and then the converted heat energy is conducted to a root system layer of the soil so as to achieve the purpose of raising the temperature.

The magnitude of the temperature increase may be determined as the case may be, and the application is not limited thereto. Taking the yeast in alpine and high-altitude areas as an example, because the local air temperature is low, the temperature increase range is preferably about 5 ℃, so that the soil can be subjected to a certain heat preservation effect at night, the soil is appropriately heated, the root activity can be improved, a good living environment can be created for soil microorganisms, the material decomposition and nutrient substance circulation are accelerated, and the plant root development and nutrient absorption are promoted. Meanwhile, the short wave radiation of the soil is a main energy source for air temperature increase, the soil temperature is properly increased, and the short wave radiation also has a positive effect on the increase of the air temperature in a small environment.

Specifically, a filter film may be laid on the sidewall of the environmental warming greenhouse to filter out the ineffective light and the harmful light.

The solar radiation of the high-cold and high-altitude areas such as Naqu is strong, and the maximum value of the solar radiation generally appears at 12 hours to 15 hours and is about 1590W/m²When plants are exposed to intense solar radiation, including visible and ultraviolet lightIn time, plants undergo light dormancy by a self-protective mechanism, a phenomenon known as photoinhibition. This embodiment is through laying the filter coating on the lateral wall in environment heating greenhouse, can effectively reduce current solar radiation and the invalid light and the harmful light of filtering vegetation process, only remain the red light and the blue light that act on the biggest to vegetation, has realized the synchronous regulation of light intensity and light quality, has improved vegetation's light environment, increases plant photosynthesis time, increases the nutrient substance accumulation.

Preferably, the filter film is at least one of an ultraviolet filter film and a red-blue filter film. On the basis, the red and blue filter film is further paved, so that the effects of filtering ultraviolet rays and transmitting red and blue light which is beneficial to plant growth can be further achieved.

S4, performing winter irrigation on the nursery stock in winter to form an ice layer on the surface of soil and an ice layer on the surface of the nursery stock, and improving the survival rate of the nursery stock.

On one hand, the extreme low temperature of the surface soil in winter in high-cold and high-altitude areas such as the Naqu is about-25 ℃, and the extreme low temperature of the soil is very easy to freeze and damage the plant root system. Meanwhile, the water content of the soil is extremely low, about 5 percent of the volume water content, and the physiological drought of plants is easily caused by strong wind in winter. Based on the method, the soil can be irrigated according to a preset irrigation frequency in 11 months or under the condition that the soil temperature is lower than-20 ℃ so as to form an ice accretion layer of 8-10cm on the surface of the soil.

More specifically, the winter irrigation can be carried out stage by stage, and the two winter irrigation processes of water freezing and infiltration are carried out simultaneously so as to ensure that the thickness of the ice accretion layer on the soil surface is not less than 5cm, preferably 10 cm.

The specific heat capacity of water is about 2.5 times of the heat capacity of soil, the water content in the soil is increased, the extremely low temperature of the soil in winter can be effectively improved, the loss of water in the soil can be reduced due to the formation of an ice layer, and the effect of soil heat preservation is achieved.

On the other hand, the extremely low temperature of minus 30 ℃ is usually applied to winter in high-cold and high-altitude areas such as the Naqu, and the continuous strong wind in winter is accompanied, so that the plant branches are easy to be drained and dead, and particularly the current-year branches with low lignification degree have high killing power. The arched shed can play a role in keeping out the wind, but can also increase the temperature in the shed, disturb the dormancy of plants in winter, increase the evaporation and the loss of water in the shed, cause a dry and dry growing environment and cause the death of the plants in severe cases. On the basis, the nursery stock can be subjected to snow covering treatment or atomized spraying to form an ice layer on the surface of the nursery stock.

The atomization spraying means that water is atomized by a spraying device and then sprayed on the surface of the nursery stock to form an ice layer on the surface of the nursery stock. So can form the protective layer that pastes tight plant on the plant surface to avoid the strong wind in winter to corrode the harm to the plant, can not cause the influence to plant surface temperature simultaneously, can slow down the moisture on plant surface and scatter and disappear, effectively solved the difficult problem of protection strong wind in winter, temperature, moisture combined action. Likewise, snow cover measures may also play a role, and may be taken in areas with heavy snowfall or under artificial snowfall conditions.

According to the plant planting management and protection method, the temperature of the seedling growing environment can be adjusted by setting the environment warming greenhouse, and the seedlings can be guaranteed to be quickly adapted to the environment of a target planting area; by irrigating and fertilizing the nursery stock, water and nutrient substances required by the growth of the nursery stock can be provided, and the growth amount of the nursery stock is increased; by soil warming treatment, the root system activity of the seedlings can be improved, and the root system development and nutrient absorption are promoted; by filtering, invalid light and harmful light in the growth process of the nursery stock can be filtered, the light environment for the growth of the nursery stock is improved, the photosynthesis time is prolonged, and the accumulation of nutrient substances is increased; in winter, an ice layer is formed on the surface of the soil and an ice layer is formed on the surface of the nursery stock by winter irrigation treatment, so that the adverse effect of cold weather on the soil and the nursery stock can be relieved.

The plant planting management and protection method provided by the application can be used for solving the problems of low effective accumulated temperature, low soil temperature, poor soil texture, strong ultraviolet and visible light radiation, seasonal strong wind drought and the like in the area under the restriction factors of low effective accumulated temperature, strong soil texture, strong ultraviolet and visible light radiation, seasonal strong wind drought and the like, and improving the planting survival rate and overwintering preservation rate of plants in the high-cold high-altitude area.

Test examples

The test example comprises a test group and a control group, wherein the test group and the control group select the same seedling source area and the same quantity of Qinghai spruce to be planted in the Naqu area in the same time (May).

The test group adopts the planting management and protection method to plant and manage and protect the picea spruce:

(1) arranging an open-top type environment temperature-increasing greenhouse in a Naqu region, digging 6 cylindrical planting pits with the diameter of 80cm and the depth of 80cm in the open-top type environment temperature-increasing greenhouse, wherein the number of the open-top type temperature-increasing greenhouse is 18, planting 108 seedlings to be tested, transplanting picea japonica in the planting pits, and irrigating and fertilizing the picea japonica;

(2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out temperature increasing treatment on soil in the environment temperature increasing greenhouse by a solar soil temperature increasing technology, paving an ultraviolet filter film and a red and blue filter film on the side wall of the environment temperature increasing greenhouse, and filtering ineffective light and harmful light;

(3) watering and irrigating the soil once every 20-30 days from 11 months to april of the next year to form an ice layer of 8-10cm on the surface of the soil; and atomizing and spraying the spruce to form an ice layer on the surface of the spruce.

And the control group adopts a conventional planting management and protection method to plant and manage and protect the picea asperata:

(1) digging 3800 cylindrical planting pits with diameter of 80cm and depth of 80cm in the Naqu area, wherein the distribution mode of the 3800 cylindrical planting pits is 1m in row spacing and 0.5m in plant spacing, transplanting the Qinghai spruce into the planting pits, and irrigating and fertilizing the Qinghai spruce;

(2) watering and irrigating the soil once every 20-30 days from 11 months to april of the next year without taking other protective measures.

It should be noted that, the irrigation and fertilization methods, frequency, dosage and other conditions of the picea japonica in the test group and the control group are the same, and other conditions of the living environment are also completely the same, and the overwintering survival rate and the planting survival rate are respectively counted, and the results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

Group of	Test group	Control group
			Number of transplanted seedlings/plant	108(18*6)	3800
Number of plants/plant	108	3646
			Survival rate of planting%	100％	95.95％
Number of overwintering survivals/plant	106	2553
			Overwintering survival rate/%)	98.15％	70.02％

It can be seen from the above table that, in the experimental example, the planting survival rate of the green sea spruce planted by the plant planting management and protection method reaches 100%, which is higher than 95.95% of the planting survival rate of the green sea spruce planted by the conventional planting management and protection method, the overwintering survival rate of the green sea spruce managed by the plant planting management and protection method reaches 98.15%, which is far higher than 70.02% of the overwintering survival rate of the green sea spruce managed by the conventional planting management and protection method.

Therefore, by adopting the plant planting management and protection method, the planting survival rate of the transplanted seedlings in the high-cold high-altitude area can at least reach more than 97%, the overwintering preservation rate can be at least improved by 15% and can reach more than 85%, and the planting survival rate and the overwintering preservation rate of the transplanted seedlings in the high-cold high-altitude area are effectively improved.

The elevation height of the woody plant which can be planted is about 3000 m originally, the plant planting management and protection method can expand the range of the woody plant which can be planted to the elevation of more than 3700 m, and is particularly suitable for planting in alpine and high-altitude areas and extreme climate areas with the elevation of about 4600 m.

Similarly, the successful planting technology of herbaceous plants and fungi is only carried out manually in the original alpine and high-altitude areas, the method expands the plant types which can be planted manually in the areas of the same type, realizes the planting of woody plants in the alpine and high-altitude areas, has high operability and strong practicability, and effectively improves the survival rate and overwintering preservation rate of nursery stocks.

In this document, "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like are used only to indicate relative positional relationships between relevant portions, and do not limit absolute positions of the relevant portions.

In this document, "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing one from another, and do not indicate the degree and order of importance, the premise that each other exists, and the like.

In this context, "equal", "same", etc. are not strictly mathematical and/or geometric limitations, but also include tolerances as would be understood by a person skilled in the art and allowed for manufacturing or use, etc.

Unless otherwise indicated, numerical ranges herein include not only the entire range within its two endpoints, but also several sub-ranges subsumed therein.

The preferred embodiments and examples of the present application have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the embodiments and examples described above, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the concept of the present application.

Claims (11)

1. A plant planting management and protection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

building an environment warming greenhouse in a target planting area;

digging planting pits in the environment temperature-increasing greenhouse, transplanting seedlings into the planting pits, and irrigating and fertilizing the seedlings;

performing heating treatment and filtering treatment on soil and seedlings in the environment heating greenhouse;

and performing winter irrigation on the nursery stock in winter to form an ice layer on the surface of the soil and an ice layer on the surface of the nursery stock, so as to improve the survival rate of the nursery stock.

2. The plant planting, managing and protecting method according to claim 1, wherein the environmental warming greenhouse is an open-top type environmental warming greenhouse, the top surface of the open-top type environmental warming greenhouse is of an open structure, the area of the top surface is smaller than that of the bottom surface, the side wall is of a trapezoidal structure, and the side wall is made of a light-transmitting material.

3. The method for managing and protecting plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein digging a planting pit in the environmental temperature-increasing greenhouse, transplanting a seedling into the planting pit, comprises:

digging a plurality of cylindrical planting pits in the environment warming greenhouse;

applying compound soil and biological fertilizer into the planting pits;

transplanting the nursery stock into the planting pits, and filling the planting pits with the compound soil;

and irrigating the nursery stock in the planting pit until the water content in the planting pit is not less than 70% of the field water capacity.

4. The plant planting management and protection method according to claim 3, wherein the compound soil comprises meadow soil, gravel sandy loam, nutrient soil and perlite, and the biological fertilizer comprises cow dung, sheep dung and rapeseed cakes.

5. The plant planting management and protection method according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of meadow soil, gravel sandy loam, nutrient soil and perlite in the compound soil is 2:2:1: 1.

6. The plant planting management and protection method according to claim 1, wherein the warming treatment of the soil and seedlings in the environmental warming chamber comprises:

and heating the soil in the environment temperature-increasing chamber by a solar soil temperature-increasing technology, a wind-solar complementary soil temperature-increasing technology and/or a blue titanium film soil temperature-increasing technology.

7. The plant cultivation and management method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the filtering treatment of the soil and seedlings in the environmental temperature-increasing chamber comprises:

and laying a light filtering film on the side wall of the environment warming greenhouse to filter out ineffective light and harmful light.

8. The plant cultivation management and protection method according to claim 7, wherein the light filter is an ultraviolet light filter and/or a red-blue light filter.

9. The plant planting management and protection method according to claim 1, wherein the winter irrigation of the nursery stock in winter comprises:

watering and irrigating the soil according to a preset irrigation frequency under the condition that the temperature of the soil is lower than-20 ℃ in 11 months so as to form an ice layer of 8-10cm on the surface of the soil;

and carrying out snow covering treatment or atomization spraying on the nursery stock to form an ice layer on the surface of the nursery stock.

10. The method for managing and protecting plant cultivation according to claim 1, further comprising, before said transplanting seedlings into said planting pits:

digging a seedling storage pit, paving an impermeable film in the seedling storage pit, putting the seedlings into the seedling storage pit, injecting water and covering soil to finish the seedling storage treatment.

11. The method for managing and protecting plant cultivation according to claim 1 or 10, further comprising, before said transplanting seedlings into said planting pits:

and performing temporary planting treatment and shading treatment on the nursery stock to prevent the nursery stock from being dehydrated and dead.

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