CN111616005A - High-yield and high-efficiency planting method for double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat - Google Patents
High-yield and high-efficiency planting method for double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN111616005A CN111616005A CN202010575054.6A CN202010575054A CN111616005A CN 111616005 A CN111616005 A CN 111616005A CN 202010575054 A CN202010575054 A CN 202010575054A CN 111616005 A CN111616005 A CN 111616005A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting. The invention discloses a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for double-cropping silage corn and winter wheat, wherein the silage corn continuous cropping and the early-maturing variety are configured to enable the growth and development of the silage corn to be synchronously coordinated with the change of natural resources, the annual high-efficiency utilization of light and temperature resources is realized, the high-material production capacity of the silage corn can be fully exerted, the yield increase potential is large, compared with the conventional production mode of the winter wheat and summer corn, the biological yield is increased by about 15%, the light energy production efficiency is increased by about 15%, the heat resource production efficiency is increased by about 20%, and the high-yield and high-efficiency planting method has good popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat.
Background
The increasing demand of animal products in China promotes the rapid development of animal husbandry, and further the demand of green feed is increased year by year. The silage corn is an important feed crop, has the advantages of high biological yield, high nutritional value, good absorptivity and good palatability, and is an important influence factor for the development of animal husbandry; however, compared to the larger demand, the production of silage corn is far from sufficient. In recent years, the livestock industry has shifted to agricultural areas, and the traditional double cropping agricultural area in north China will become the dominant area for the development of silage corn. Therefore, exploring the silage corn planting mode which is suitable for the animal husbandry development in the farming area and has high resource utilization efficiency has important significance for promoting the orderly and stable development of the animal husbandry, improving the planting benefit and increasing the income of farmers.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat, and aims to solve the problems that the conventional production mode of winter wheat-summer corn is not matched with the rapid development of animal husbandry, and the production quantity of silage corn cannot meet the demand at present; solves the problems that the crop growth and the light and temperature resources are asynchronous and inconsistent, the production potential of ensiled corn substances is seriously limited, and the annual biological yield and the light and temperature resource utilization efficiency are not high.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting early-maturing and close planting resistant silage corn varieties;
(2) sowing first-season silage corns in the last 3 months every year, and harvesting first-season silage corns in the middle 7 months;
(3) directly seeding the second crop of silage corns in the first crop in the middle ten days of 10 months after the first crop of silage corns are harvested;
(4) harvesting silage corns in the second season and then carrying out soil preparation; wherein the farming consumption time is about 5 days;
(5) selecting a winter wheat variety with strong tillering force, fast early spring development and early rising;
(6) sowing winter wheat in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, harvesting wheat plants in the last 3 months of the next year to prepare silage;
during which field management is carried out.
Further, the silage maize variety is selected from "Jingke silage 932" or "Weike 106", and the winter wheat variety is selected from "Bainong 207". The seed quality should meet the following specifications: the purity is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, the germination rate is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 13 percent; the selected seeds are full and uniform in size, so that the emergence rate and the group uniformity are improved.
Further, sowing the silage corns in the first season when the local temperature is stably higher than 8 ℃.
Further, the sowing method comprises the following steps: the two-season silage corns are planted in a wide-narrow row strip shape, each strip comprises 2 rows of corns, the row spacing of the corns in the strip is 40cm, the row spacing of the adjacent corns between the strips is 80cm, namely the corn rows with the width of 80cm +40cm are planted, the planting density is 6000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 18cm, the sowing depth is 5cm, and a precision planter with the same seed and fertilizer sowing is adopted for precision sowing; winter wheat is planted at equal row spacing, the row spacing is 20cm, the planting density is 30 ten thousand plants/mu, the sowing depth is 5cm, and a wheat seeder is used for semi-precision sowing.
Furthermore, in order to ensure the seeding quality, the silage corn seeding rows in the second season are staggered with the silage corn root stubbles in the first season, and two rows are planted in the silage corn wide rows in the first season.
Further, the field management comprises fertilization and irrigation;
fertilizing: the slow controlled release fertilizer is applied to the two-season silage corns, the slow controlled release fertilizer is applied to the two-season silage corns at the bottom once during sowing, additional fertilizer is not applied during the growing period, 40-50 kg/mu of the slow controlled release fertilizer is applied to each season, and the horizontal distance between the seeds and the fertilizer is not less than 8 cm; before sowing, preparing soil, applying 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, and no topdressing during growth;
irrigation: after wheat is sown, watering is carried out according to the moisture content, and the safe overwintering of wheat seedlings is facilitated; after the silage corns are sowed, watering is carried out according to the soil moisture content, the water holding capacity of the field soil is kept to be not less than 75% from 10 days before castration to the early stage of grouting, and watering is carried out in time when the water content is insufficient.
Further, the harvest time of the silage corn is as follows: and (4) harvesting the silage corns when the grain grouting emulsion line reaches the middle part and the lower part of the grains.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method of double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat, which comprises the following steps: selecting early-maturing and close-planting-resistant silage corn varieties, sowing the silage corn in the first ten days of 3 months in each year, enabling the silage corn to grow to a cured middle period and harvesting the silage corn in the first ten days of 105 days; sowing the silage corns in the second middle ten days of 7 months, wherein the growing period is about 95 days, and harvesting after the corns grow to the middle stage of cured meat; preparing soil, sowing winter wheat in the middle and last 10 months, and harvesting wheat plants in the last 3 months of the next year for preparing silage. The double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat high-yield and high-efficiency planting method provided by the invention realizes synchronous coordination of crop growth and light-temperature resources, can fully exert high-material production capacity of silage corn, has a great yield-increasing potential, increases the biological yield by about 15%, improves the light energy production efficiency by about 15% and improves the heat resource production efficiency by about 20% compared with the conventional winter wheat-summer corn production mode, and has good popularization and application values.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat planting method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat planting pattern of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for double-season silage corn-winter wheat (a flow chart is shown in figure 1) comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting early-maturing and close planting resistant variety from the silage corn, and specifically selecting 'Peking silage 932' or 'Vitaceae 106';
(2) sowing first-season silage corns in late 3 months every year when the local temperature is stably higher than 8 ℃, and harvesting the first-season silage corns in the middle 7 months;
(3) directly seeding the second crop of silage corns in the first crop in the middle ten days of 10 months after the first crop of silage corns are harvested;
the grain grouting emulsion line reaches the middle part and the lower part of the grain, which is the best harvesting period of the silage corn, and the grain can be harvested at the moment.
(4) Harvesting silage corns in the second season and then carrying out soil preparation; wherein the farming consumption time is about 5 days;
(5) selecting a winter wheat variety with strong tillering force, fast early spring development and early rising, and specifically selecting Bainong 207;
(6) sowing winter wheat in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, harvesting wheat plants in the last 3 months of the next year to prepare silage;
during the period, field management is carried out:
fertilizing: the slow controlled release fertilizer is applied to the two-season silage corns, the slow controlled release fertilizer is applied to the two-season silage corns at the bottom once during sowing, additional fertilizer is not applied during the growing period, 40-50 kg/mu of the slow controlled release fertilizer is applied to each season, and the horizontal distance between the seeds and the fertilizer is not less than 8 cm; before sowing, the wheat is prepared, 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of land as base fertilizer, and topdressing is not needed during the growth period.
Irrigation: after wheat is sown, the wheat is watered according to the soil moisture content, so that the wheat seedlings can safely live through the winter. After the silage corns are sowed, watering is carried out according to the soil moisture content. And (3) keeping the field moisture capacity not lower than 75% from 10 days before castration to the early stage of grouting, and watering in time when the moisture is insufficient.
Wherein, the seed quality should reach the following specifications: the purity is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, the germination rate is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 13 percent; the selected seeds are full and uniform in size, so that the emergence rate and the group uniformity are improved.
The two-season silage corns are planted in a wide-narrow row strip shape, as shown in figure 2, each strip comprises 2 rows of corns, the row spacing (D) of the corns in the strip is 40cm, the row spacing (D) of the corns adjacent to each other between the strips is 80cm, namely the corns with the width of 80cm +40cm are planted in the wide-narrow row, the planting density is 6000 plants/mu, the plant spacing is 18cm, the sowing depth is 5cm, and a precision planter with the same seed and fertilizer sowing is adopted for precision sowing; in order to ensure the seeding quality, the seeding rows of the corns in the second season need to be staggered with the roots of the previous stubbles, namely two rows are planted in wide rows in the first season; winter wheat is planted at equal row spacing, the row spacing (r) is 20cm, the planting density is 30 ten thousand plants/mu, the sowing depth is 5cm, and a wheat seeder is adopted for semi-precision sowing.
Comparative example 1 planting pattern of winter wheat-summer corn
Sowing winter wheat in the last ten days of 10 months, planting at equal row spacing, wherein the row spacing is 20cm, the planting density is 18 ten thousand plants per mu, the sowing depth is 5cm, and a wheat seeder is used for semi-precision sowing. Before wheat sowing, 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of land as base fertilizer, and 15 kg of urea is additionally applied to each mu of land by combining irrigation in the jointing stage. After wheat is sown, the wheat is watered according to the soil moisture content, so that the wheat seedlings can safely live through the winter. Wheat harvest was performed in the first 6 th month. And (3) sowing the corns after the wheat is harvested, planting the corns at equal row spacing, wherein the planting density is 5000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 22cm, the sowing depth is 5cm, and precision sowing is carried out by adopting a precision sowing machine for simultaneously sowing seeds and fertilizers. Watering the corns according to the soil moisture content after sowing. And (3) keeping the field moisture capacity not lower than 75% from 10 days before castration to the early stage of grouting, and watering in time when the moisture is insufficient. The slow and controlled release fertilizer is applied at the bottom once during corn sowing, topdressing is not needed during the growing period, 40-50 kg/mu of the slow and controlled release fertilizer is applied every season, and the horizontal distance between the seeds and the fertilizer is not less than 8 cm. Corn was harvested at the end of 9 months.
Compared with the production mode of winter wheat-summer corn in the comparative example 1, the planting method in the embodiment 1 of the invention has the advantages that the biological yield is increased by about 15%, the luminous energy production efficiency is increased by about 15%, the heat resource production efficiency is increased by about 20%, and the method has good popularization and application values.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) selecting early-maturing and close planting resistant silage corn varieties;
(2) sowing first-season silage corns in the last 3 months every year, and harvesting first-season silage corns in the middle 7 months;
(3) directly seeding the second crop of silage corns in the first crop in the middle ten days of 10 months after the first crop of silage corns are harvested;
(4) harvesting silage corns in the second season and then carrying out soil preparation;
(5) selecting a winter wheat variety with strong tillering force, fast early spring development and early rising;
(6) sowing winter wheat in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, harvesting wheat plants in the last 3 months of the next year to prepare silage;
during which field management is carried out.
2. The high-yield and high-efficiency planting method of the double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silage corn variety is selected from "Jingke silage 932" or "Vitaceae 106", and the winter wheat variety is selected from "Bainong 207".
3. The method for high-yield and high-efficiency planting of double-cropping silage corn and winter wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the ground temperature is stably higher than 8 ℃, the first-cropping silage corn is sowed.
4. The double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat high-yield and high-efficiency planting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the sowing method is: the two-season silage corns are planted in wide and narrow rows in a strip shape, each strip comprises 2 rows of corns, the row spacing of the corns in the strip is 40cm, the row spacing of the adjacent corns between the strips is 80cm, the planting density is 6000 plants/mu, the plant spacing is 18cm, the sowing depth is 5cm, and a precision sowing machine for simultaneously sowing seeds and fertilizers is adopted for precision sowing; winter wheat is planted at equal row spacing, the row spacing is 20cm, the planting density is 30 ten thousand plants/mu, the sowing depth is 5cm, and a wheat seeder is used for semi-precision sowing.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing rows of the ensiled corn in the second season are staggered from the roots of the ensiled corn in the first season, and two rows are planted in the wide rows of the ensiled corn in the first season.
6. The method for high yield and high efficiency planting of double cropping silage corn-winter wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field management comprises fertilization and irrigation;
fertilizing: the slow controlled release fertilizer is applied to the two-season silage corns, the slow controlled release fertilizer is applied to the two-season silage corns at the bottom once during sowing, additional fertilizer is not applied during the growing period, 40-50 kg/mu of the slow controlled release fertilizer is applied to each season, and the horizontal distance between the seeds and the fertilizer is not less than 8 cm; before sowing, preparing soil, applying 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, and no topdressing during growth;
irrigation: after wheat is sown, watering is carried out according to the moisture content, and the safe overwintering of wheat seedlings is facilitated; after the silage corns are sowed, watering is carried out according to the soil moisture content, and the water holding capacity of the field soil is kept to be not less than 75% from 10 days before castration to the early stage of grouting.
7. The method for high-yield and high-efficiency planting of double-cropping silage corn-winter wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the harvest time of the silage corn is: and (4) harvesting the silage corns when the grain grouting emulsion line reaches the middle part and the lower part of the grains.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114766301A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-22 | 河南金苑种业股份有限公司 | One-year two-season corn mechanized planting method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102805003A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-05 | 姜雯 | Method for planting summer corn to improve yield |
| CN103518527A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-22 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Water-saving fertilizer-saving method for crop rotation of winter wheat and summer maize |
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- 2020-06-22 CN CN202010575054.6A patent/CN111616005A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102805003A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-05 | 姜雯 | Method for planting summer corn to improve yield |
| CN103518527A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-22 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Water-saving fertilizer-saving method for crop rotation of winter wheat and summer maize |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 搜狐网: "《https://www.sohu.com/a/214848057_804214》", 5 January 2018 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114766301A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-22 | 河南金苑种业股份有限公司 | One-year two-season corn mechanized planting method |
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