CN103688720B - The method of clover field Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dong mu-70 rye - Google Patents
The method of clover field Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dong mu-70 rye Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of the Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dongmu-70 rye grass in clover field, 3-5 days after last stubble of clover results, by using land leveller, overall level land to the gradient can to utilize Dongmu-70 rye grass sowing and results lower than 5 degree are carried out to clover field, spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure by the clover field back after smooth and can increase soil fertility and microbiologic population, carry out irrigation and irrigate fertilizer and 20-30cm soil layer by stopping field to the clover winter after fertilising and be conducive to Dongmu-70 rye grass and emerge and preserve soil moisture, airing 2-3 days after pouring water, sowing Dong mu-70 rye grass seeds is carried out by the ridge back trench digging 5-10cm in clover field, every mu, clover field protein output after multiple cropping Dong mu-70 rye adds 13.96-29.91 ton, the amplitude improved is 13.84%-38.68%, be equivalent to make original soil increase one-third of the area, realize the target fully to existing arable land digging utilization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies, specifically a kind of method of the Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dongmu-70 rye grass in clover field.
Background technology
Along with people are to the growing interest of food security, the cry that livestock breeding develops in a healthy way gradually rises, and especially after melamine and clenbuterol event, the quality of people to high-quality meat product and dairy products is paid much attention to.In order to better promote the healthy and sustainable development of milk industry, the No.1 Central File of 12 proposes " milk industry development clover developing activity ", start the climax of Planting Medicago sativa in China, Planting Medicago sativa (Medicago) needs field, with 1,800,000,000 mu of arable land red lines of China and natural grassland, this forbids that the policy of opening up wasteland exists the impact of Land-Use again.And propose in the problem that " 13 " agricultural science and technology will solve will " by realizing the target of ploughing and agricultural land area expands to the digging utilization in existing arable land; namely in existing main producing region; also have some available sunlight-heat reaources to utilize; particularly having a surplus in a northern season, two season deficiency area; by cultivating some cold-resistant crop kind, reviviscence kinds etc.; and the culture technique such as intercropping, multiple cropping, digging utilization is carried out to existing arable land.Therefore, how to realize army provisions to do mutually or the output that increases grass product or cereal product on the basis in existing clover field becomes the problem instantly needing solution badly.
In this case, as the development of agriculture district milk industry, a kind of pasture growing mode of not striving ground with grain must be found, or find a kind of to the existing clover field outlet wanting product more.Under this prerequisite not changing Land-Use, improve the farmland equivalent in soil, the product quantity and the quality that increase every mu of ground are inventions promoted the well-being of mankind.
Therefore, the object of the invention is, on the clover field of having planted, to utilize the climate characteristic in 2 years three seasons of Agricultural Region of Shandong Province, the winter to clover stops field and wants more grass product output, and is provided in the method for the Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dongmu-70 rye grass in clover field.
Summary of the invention
For achieving the above object, inventor proposes a kind of method of the Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dongmu-70 rye grass in clover field, it is characterized in that, stop on field in the clover winter, pass through level land, fertilising, irrigate, airing, a series of technological means such as no-tillage seeding, solve clover field Dong Xiuji to leave unused the Land_use change appearance free time of causing, soil soil moisture conservation is insufficient, the problem that every mu of grass product quantity is not high enough, realize clover field throughout the year all at growth conditions, carry out grass product production the whole year, improve the grass product output quantity in every mu, clover field, and then improve the pasture growing whole economic efficiency in clover field.
The method of the invention comprises following step specifically:
A () level land: 3-5 days after last stubble of clover results, use land leveller to carry out overall level land to clover field, require that ground is without obvious harvest machinery rut, without dell, the gradient is lower than 5 degree.
B () organic fertilizer: after land readjustment, spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer at the ridge back in clover field.
C () irrigates: irrigate behind level land, irrigation quantity is different because of rainfall, to irrigate fertilizer and 20-30cm soil layer is advisable.
D () airing: after pouring water, airing 2-3 days, allows moisture fully infiltrate deep subsoil, and not dry and cracked with earth's surface, not sticky machinery is mark.
E () is sowed: the Dong mu-70 rye seed selecting high-quality, adopts no-tillage seeding machine, carries out water furrow planting, sowing depth 5-7cm at the ridge back in clover field.
On the basis of such scheme, adopt the field management pattern consistent with traditional Dong mu-70 rye meadow.
Below noun data are made an explanation:
Wherein, the common name of described clover for being grass family clover genus (Medicago) plant, a kind of perennial herbaceous plant that blooms.Wherein foremost is alfalfa (Medicagosativa) as herbage.China cultivation clover mainly with haying, silage fodder or be used as the herding with grass of native pasture.
Wherein, described clover field (alfalfaland) is by the sown pasture of perennial alfalfa planting, season of growth on this meadow from annual mid-March-by the end of October, be the production period of Alfalfa product; November to Second Year early March is the winter dormancy phase, and this time is idling period.
Wherein, described fertilizer (manure) is for natural organic matter is through a class fertilizer of microbial decomposition or fermentation, and also claim farmyard manure, Soil building is effective, could must be absorbed after microbial decomposition transforms by plant.Conventional natural manure kind has green manure, night soil, barnyard manure, compost, makes compost, biogas manure and sludge and refuse etc.The present invention's fertilizer used is barnyard manure.
Wherein, described Dong mu-70 rye (SecaleCerale) is for being grass family Secale winter rye subspecies, annual or more year raw herbaceous plant, that calendar year 2001 is from the external more year raw grain forage grass dual-purpose type herbage introduced, having the features such as cold-resistant, disease-resistant, quality better, adaptability are good, is that the ideal of development Dong Xiu field, agriculture district kind grass gets over year raw herbage.
Under normal circumstances, the implantation methods of Dong mu-70 rye is as follows:
(1) wholely with fertilising: after rising stubble, to plot shallow plowing with raking the soil level 1--2 time, after fertilising, then plough deeply 1 time.
Sowing: sow in mid or late October.
(2) irrigate: after dressing fertilizer, irrigate 1 time immediately, chemical fertilizer is dissolved in time and is absorbed by perennial ryegrass.Can be gone down people with treating after filling, shallow hoe 1 time, to increase ground temperature, plays fertilizer effect rapidly, promotes fast length of turning green, also can play soil moisture conservation effect simultaneously.
(3) utilization is cradled: when plant height 20-30 centimetre starts to cradle.Cradled 1 time before spring, the time in January in mid-December to next year, stubble height 5-6 centimetre.Cradled 1 time every about 30 days later.Cradle 3 times from after the Spring Festival to mid-March, then plant other crops behind the whole ground of stubble-cleaning.
There is the situation of striving ground in this method and traditional crop wheat, and cost is high, most time is not as good as winter wheat high efficiency, therefore, a lot of plant all selects single winter wheat directly to carry out complete stool ensiling to feed domestic animal and replace Dong mu-70 rye, therefore, Dong mu-70 rye never large-scale plantation.
The present invention improves on the basis of above-mentioned implantation methods, and improvement is:
(1) for Dong mu-70 rye provides new plantation land type.Dong mu-70 rye in the past is all planted on the Winter paddy field in agriculture district, and the feature of Winter paddy field is period in the winter time, and this Tanaka is idle without any plant growth; The present invention herds 70 the winter to provide winter fallow land, and namely this plot still has perennial crop to exist, just this crop in the winter time dormancy stop growing.By this soil winter dormancy and Dong mu-70 rye in the winter time growth vigor feature combine, this pattern achieve to the complementation of good farmland room and time with make full use of.
(2) the trophosome production advantage of Dong mu-70 rye as a kind of forage grass is fully highlighted.Traditional Dong mu-70 rye cropping pattern and seed-crop winter wheat strive ground, and this pattern is not present in the situation that winter wheat strives ground, this is because Dong mu-70 rye is to produce forage grass for main application, can repeatedly cradle, clover field generally spring early March just start growth, as long as Dong mu-70 rye is gathered in the crops during this, both the target that clover grows fast can have been met, and winter wheat will be waited until and could gather in the crops seed by the end of May, this has delayed the optimum growh time of clover, so, clover field Dong Xiuji does not meet requirement breeding time of winter wheat, Dong mu-70 rye is only had to have this advantage, and improve output.
The present invention is not only to plant another kind of crop on idle soil, and is through research discovery, in above-mentioned time plantation Dong mu-70 rye most efficiency and value on clover field, has carried out improving to adapt to above-mentioned soil and time to implantation methods simultaneously.
Those faces, clover field of causing when gathering in the crops last batch of clover can be made to be filled and led up with occurring harvest machinery impression and hollow by level land, on the one hand can provide smooth ground for Dongmu-70 rye grass sowing, the plane earth that can also provide for the results of Second Year clover and Dongmu-70 rye grass on the other hand; Organic fertilizer, both can guarantee that Dongmu-70 rye grass can be emerged and healthy growth fast, can also be embodied as the effect of clover field soil moisture conservation; Irrigating and not only can facilitate the sowing of Dongmu-70 rye grass and emerge, also can be that clover has enough winter water to pass the winter safely; After airing, earth's surface is no longer sticky, after can utilizing mechanical planting Dongmu-70 rye grass, carries out uniform overlying soil; During sowing, machinery be made to sow in the center on ridge, clover field two as far as possible, prevent from clover excessively close to hurt clover main root, meanwhile, also can leave enough spaces to the growth of Dong mu-70 rye.
Why the present invention fills up clover field Dong Xiuji idle periods by the method for plantation Dong mu-70 rye is because establishment of alfalfa grassland is perennial sown pasture, clover Second Year starts to turn green March in spring, under the weather conditions in Shandong, on clover field, multiple cropping winter wheat needs just to start results by the end of May at the beginning of 6 months at Second Year, and clover first batch of harvest time is at the beginning of 5 months, such plantation have impact on the grass yield of Second Year clover.Other crops such as plantation eryuelan etc., be also difficult to survive or output few.
The inventive method is adopted to compare with crop with any herbage of traditional clover Dong Xiuji not multiple cropping, traditional clover field in the winter time clover stops growing, without any output before spring, first batch, ground clover was gathered in the crops, every mu, clover field protein output after multiple cropping Dong mu-70 rye adds 13.96-29.91 ton, and the amplitude of raising is 13.84%-38.68%.The method of the Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dongmu-70 rye grass in clover field provided by the invention achieves the object that the clover real estate allowing the winter stop goes out grass product, achieve the unification of the High yield of clover and Dongmu-70 rye grass, achieve the target to the abundant digging utilization in existing arable land.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, further illustrate content of the present invention, but be not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
(a) level land: latter 3 days of last stubble of clover results, use land leveller to carry out overall level land to clover field, ground was without obviously
Harvest machinery rut, without dell, the gradient is lower than 5 degree.
B () organic fertilizer: after land readjustment, spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer at the ridge back in clover field.
C () irrigates: irrigate behind level land, irrigation quantity is different because of rainfall, to irrigate fertilizer and 20cm soil layer is advisable.
D () airing: after pouring water, airing 2 days, allows moisture fully infiltrate deep subsoil, and not dry and cracked with earth's surface, not sticky machinery is mark.
E () is sowed: the Dong mu-70 rye seed selecting high-quality, adopts no-tillage seeding machine, carries out water furrow planting, sowing depth 5cm at the ridge back in clover field.
On the basis of such scheme, adopt the field management pattern consistent with traditional Dong mu-70 rye meadow.Beneficial effect of the present invention, can pass through table 1, the data in 2 embody further.
Output after table 1 clover field Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dong mu-70 rye
Protein yield after table 2 clover field Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dong mu-70 rye
Note: in table 2, the albumen reduced quantity of Dong mu-70 rye calculates according to 15%, the albumen reduced quantity of alfalfa hay calculates according to 18%.
Embodiment 2
A () level land: gather in the crops latter 5 days at last stubble of clover, use land leveller to carry out overall level land to clover field, require that ground is without obvious harvest machinery rut, without dell, the gradient is lower than 5 degree.
B () organic fertilizer: after land readjustment, spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer at the ridge back in clover field.
C () irrigates: irrigate behind level land, irrigation quantity is different because of rainfall, to irrigate fertilizer and 20-30cm soil layer is advisable.
D () airing: after pouring water, airing 3 days, allows moisture fully infiltrate deep subsoil, and not dry and cracked with earth's surface, not sticky machinery is mark.
E () is sowed: the Dong mu-70 rye seed selecting high-quality, adopts no-tillage seeding machine, carries out water furrow planting, sowing depth 7cm at the ridge back in clover field.
On the basis of such scheme, adopt the field management pattern consistent with traditional Dong mu-70 rye meadow.Beneficial effect of the present invention, can pass through table 3, the data in 4 embody further.
Output after table 3 clover field Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dong mu-70 rye
Protein yield after table 4 clover field Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dong mu-70 rye
Note: in table 2, the albumen reduced quantity of Dong mu-70 rye calculates according to 15%, the albumen reduced quantity of alfalfa hay calculates according to 18%.
Embodiment 3
A () level land: gather in the crops latter 5 days at last stubble of clover, use land leveller to carry out overall level land to clover field, require that ground is without obvious harvest machinery rut, without dell, the gradient is lower than 5 degree.
B () organic fertilizer: after land readjustment, spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer at the ridge back in clover field.
C () irrigates: irrigate behind level land, irrigation quantity is different because of rainfall, to irrigate fertilizer and 20-30cm soil layer is advisable.
D () airing: after pouring water, airing 3 days, allows moisture fully infiltrate deep subsoil, and not dry and cracked with earth's surface, not sticky machinery is mark.
E () is sowed: the Dong mu-70 rye seed selecting high-quality, adopts no-tillage seeding machine, carries out water furrow planting, sowing depth 5cm at the ridge back in clover field.
On the basis of such scheme, adopt the field management pattern consistent with traditional Dong mu-70 rye meadow.Beneficial effect of the present invention, can pass through table 5, the data in 6 embody further.
Output after table 5 clover field Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dong mu-70 rye
Protein yield after table 6 clover field Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dong mu-70 rye
Note: in table 2, the albumen reduced quantity of Dong mu-70 rye calculates according to 15%, the albumen reduced quantity of alfalfa hay calculates according to 18%.
From above data, adopt the method for the invention, can significantly improve the protein output 13.96-29.91 ton in every mu of clover field, the amplitude of raising is 13.84%-38.68%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in, and stops clover field can fill and lead up the mechanical impression of clover Tanaka and hollow ground by the smooth winter, for the Dongmu-70 rye grass of next year and clover gather in the crops the plane earth provided; By organic fertilizer, can guarantee that Dongmu-70 rye grass is emerged and the soil moisture conservation of clover field fast; By irrigating and the sowing of Dongmu-70 rye grass can being utilized after airing in 2-3 days, emerge and the safe overwintering of clover; Sowing Dong mu-70 rye is carried out in the center on ridge, clover field two by machinery, can prevent from injuring clover to cross main root and leave enough spaces for the growth of Dong mu-70 rye, thus make the final protein quantum of output of Dongmu-70 rye grass and clover improve 13.84%-38.68%, be equivalent to make original soil increase one-third of the area, realize the target fully to existing arable land digging utilization.
Claims (1)
1. the method for clover field Dong Xiuji multiple cropping Dong mu-70 rye, is characterized in that, described method is applicable to Shandong District plantation, and the method comprises following step:
(a) level land: 3-5 days after last stubble of clover results, use land leveller to carry out overall level land to clover field, require that ground is without obvious harvest machinery rut, without dell, the gradient is lower than 5 degree;
B () organic fertilizer: after land readjustment, spreads fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure at the ridge back in clover field;
C () irrigates: irrigate behind level land, irrigation quantity is different because of rainfall, irrigates fertilizer and 20-30cm soil layer;
(d) airing: after pouring water, airing 2-3 days, allows moisture fully infiltrate deep subsoil, and not dry and cracked with earth's surface, not sticky machinery is mark;
E () is sowed: the Dong mu-70 rye seed selecting high-quality, adopts no-tillage seeding machine, carries out water furrow planting, sowing depth 5-7cm at the ridge back in clover field.
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| CN101444169A (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2009-06-03 | 西南大学 | Method for mixedly sowing annual ryegrass and perennial grass |
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| CN101444169A (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2009-06-03 | 西南大学 | Method for mixedly sowing annual ryegrass and perennial grass |
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