CN111528010B - Wheat pricking and straw mulching film water-gas coupling soil moisture conservation method and device - Google Patents
Wheat pricking and straw mulching film water-gas coupling soil moisture conservation method and device Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
- A01B39/12—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
- A01B39/20—Tools; Details
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
- A01B39/20—Tools; Details
- A01B39/22—Tools; Mounting tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0287—Devices for laying-out or removing ground coverings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat planting, and particularly relates to a wheat hole-pricking and straw-mulching film water-air coupling soil moisture conservation method and equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat planting, and particularly relates to a wheat hole pricking and straw mulching film water-air coupling soil moisture conservation method and device.
Background
With the continuous enlargement of the cultivated land area in recent years, the water demand of crops is increased, the dry farming wheat in partial areas is lack of water, the wheat yield is reduced, the income of farmers is influenced, and in order to relieve the contradiction, a novel dry farming wheat planting mode is to be popularized vigorously.
The soil moisture preservation and fertilizer preservation of the dry farming technology are the key points of research, the depth of a soil plough layer is thickened, the capacity of a good soil reservoir is enlarged and established, the infiltration of precipitation is increased, and the purpose of water storage and moisture preservation is achieved, so that the dry farming is guaranteed, the soil fertility is improved, the water storage and water retention capacity of the soil is increased, the soil structure can be improved by increasing the organic matter content of the soil, and the water storage and water retention capacity of the soil can be increased. The fertilizer application can improve the absorption, transportation and utilization capacity of the crops to soil moisture, promote the root development of the crops, further improve the moisture condition of the crops, improve the transpiration of the crops, reduce the evaporation, enhance the photosynthesis and improve the photosynthetic efficiency.
The existing technology for crushing and returning the corn straws to the field is developed rapidly, and the fresh, wet and heavy corn straws are turned into a soil layer of 0-20cm in situ, so that the defects of fluffy soil of a plough layer, poor capacity of preserving soil moisture, water and fertilizer, no drought resistance, no cold resistance and the like are caused. In addition, the corn straw has high fiberization degree and slow decomposition, and influences the seedling emergence and seedling alignment and strong seedling of the later-stubble winter wheat. The ground straws of the corns are placed on the soil surface to be used as a covering material, so that the defects can be overcome, and a new idea is provided for water storage and soil moisture preservation of the winter wheat. However, the simple covering mode of corn stalks is not stable to the yield improvement of winter wheat. Particularly, covering each row of winter wheat in a conventional planting mode has the water retaining effect, but hinders the growth of wheat groups, and causes adverse effects such as air impermeability of soil and the like.
Therefore, the existing planting mode has certain defects, the soil moisture preservation and fertility preservation capability is poor, and troubles are brought to people, so that the research of the wheat hole-pricking and straw-mulching film water-air coupling soil moisture preservation method and equipment is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and problems of the existing equipment, the invention provides a wheat hole-pricking and straw-mulching film water-air coupling soil moisture preservation method and equipment, which effectively solve the problems that the existing planting mode is poor in soil moisture preservation and fertility preservation capability and the pure corn straw coverage air permeability is poor, so that the generation of wheat is influenced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a wheat pricking and straw mulching film water-gas coupling soil moisture preservation method comprises the following steps:
s1 pressing grass film: the straw film comprises corn straws, weeds and soybean straws, and the fluffy corn straws, the weeds and the soybean straws are pressed by a press to form the straw film, wherein the width of the straw film is L;
s2 soil preparation: ploughing the soil by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the ploughing soil depth is 250-300mm, and then leveling;
s3 sowing: after land leveling, sowing by using a sowing machine, wherein the row spacing of sowing is N, L = nN, and N is an integer;
s4 spreading grass film and perforating: after sowing, a layer of grass film is paved on the land surface by using a film paving and punching machine, and the grass film is punched in the row.
Further, the pressing of the grass film in step S1 includes the steps of: firstly, cutting off the top ears of corn stalks to keep the corn stalks, wherein the length of the corn stalks is the width L of a straw film; secondly, longitudinally and uniformly paving the corn stalks on a plane, and then transversely and uniformly paving the soybean stalks on the corn stalks to ensure that the soybean stalks and the corn stalks are arranged in a longitudinal and transverse manner; then uniformly filling the top ears and weeds in gaps between the soybean straws and the corn straws to form a straw composite structure with a certain thickness; and finally, pressing the straw composite structure by using a press to obtain the grass film. .
Further, the thickness of the grass film is 30-40 mm.
Further, the punching depth of the film-laying punching machine is 150-200 mm.
Further, the film spreading and punching machine applied to the soil moisture preservation method comprises a rack, traveling wheels arranged on the front side and the rear side of the rack, a punching mechanism arranged on the rear side of the rack, a film spreading mechanism arranged on the front side of the rack and a traction mechanism; the punching mechanism comprises a speed reducing motor, an eccentric wheel set, an eccentric rod, an upper transmission rod, a lower transmission rod, a limiting seat, a punching head and a tension spring; the speed reducing motor is installed on the rack and is in transmission connection with the eccentric wheel set, and the upper end of the eccentric rod is hinged at the eccentric position of the eccentric wheel set; the lower end of the eccentric rod is hinged to the upper end of the upper transmission rod, the upper transmission rod penetrates through the rack and can vertically slide along the rack, a fixed seat is fixed to the lower end of the upper transmission rod, a hinged seat and a limiting plate are fixed to the lower portion of the fixed seat, the upper end of the lower transmission rod is hinged in the hinged seat, the lower end of the limiting plate inclines towards the front end of the rack, a tension spring is arranged between the lower transmission rod and the rack and is used for always pulling the lower transmission rod to the limiting plate, and the punching head is fixed to the lower transmission rod and keeps the same direction with the lower transmission rod; the film spreading mechanism comprises a roller frame, guide rollers and press rollers, the straw film is wound and erected on the roller frame, the guide rollers are arranged at the bottom of the rack and comprise inner rollers matched with the width of the straw film and outer rollers arranged on two sides of the inner rollers, the outer rollers are in contact with the ground, the straw film is limited between the outer rollers and can be pressed to the ground by the inner rollers, and the press rollers are arranged between the guide rollers and the punching heads and are in press contact with the straw film; the front end of the frame is provided with a traction end, and the traction mechanism is connected with the traction end.
Furthermore, the eccentric wheel set comprises a left eccentric wheel and a right eccentric wheel, the left eccentric wheel and the right eccentric wheel are coaxial, the distance between the left eccentric wheel and the right eccentric wheel is L/2, eccentric shafts are arranged at the outer eccentric positions of the left eccentric wheel and the right eccentric wheel, and eccentric rods are hinged on the eccentric shafts.
Furthermore, the eccentric shaft on the left eccentric wheel and the eccentric shaft of the right eccentric wheel are symmetrical relative to the circle center on the same projection plane.
Furthermore, the soil penetration angle of the lower transmission rod and the punching head is 95-105 degrees.
Furthermore, the shape of the punching head is a flat acute triangle, and the length of the front side of the acute triangle is smaller than that of the rear side.
Furthermore, the front side of frame is provided with the reserve roller frame that is used for placing reserve grass membrane book, be provided with the guide rail between reserve roller frame and the roller frame.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention aims at the problems in the existing wheat dry farming, the corn straw, the soybean straw and the weeds planted in summer are mixed and pressed by a press to form a grass film, and after the wheat is sowed, the grass film is paved above the wheat by a film paving and punching machine to preserve soil moisture and fertilizer of the wheat.
The function of laying the grass film is firstly to prevent the sun from directly sunning the ground surface and reduce the evaporation of the surface water; secondly, the pesticide and chemical fertilizer can be filtered and intercepted, and the effects of reducing emission and maintaining fertilizer are achieved; thirdly, the straw film becomes fertilizer after rotting, so that the organic fertility of the farmland is increased, fourthly, agricultural wastes are reduced, energy is saved, emission is reduced, and fifthly, the heat preservation effect is realized, and the accumulated temperature of the ground surface of the wheat is increased.
And at the in-process of laying the grass membrane, the membrane puncher of spreading can be at the grass membrane of wheat interline on the spaced punching, the effect in hole, firstly can make irrigation water permeate root system layer depths fast, reduces surface and shallow layer evaporation, plays the effect of water conservation, the second, the hole can increase simultaneously ventilates, increases the oxygen content on root system layer, is favorable to crop aqueous vapor coupling, improves wheat output.
Meanwhile, the invention utilizes a plurality of crop straws such as hard and longer corn straws, shorter soybean straws, soft weeds and the like, not only contains a plurality of plant nutrients, but also can form a grass film with stable structure by mutual matching, thereby providing possibility for mechanical film laying, meanwhile, the grass film can be prefabricated into a finished product, is convenient for popularization and use, and has huge economic benefit, environmental protection benefit and social benefit.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a film-paving perforating machine which can perforate the film while paving the film, is convenient to use, provides mechanical support for the soil moisture preservation method and is convenient for mechanized operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a film-laying punch.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an eccentric wheel set.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the grass film after the film is spread and perforated.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the guide roller.
The reference numbers in the figures are: the drilling machine comprises a frame 1, a traveling wheel 2, a traction end 3, a speed reduction motor 4, an eccentric wheel group 5, an eccentric rod 6, an upper transmission rod 7, a fixed seat 8, a hinge seat 9, a limiting plate 10, a lower transmission rod 11, a tension spring 12 and a drilling head 13, wherein the frame is a frame; 14 is a roller frame, 15 is a guide roller, 16 is a press roller, 17 is a standby roller frame, 18 is a guide rail, and 19 is a grass film roll. 20 is grass membrane, 21 is hole; 51 is a left eccentric wheel, 52 is a composed eccentric wheel and 53 is a wheel shaft; reference numeral 54 denotes an eccentric shaft, 55 denotes a second gear, 56 denotes a first gear, 57 denotes a belt, 151 denotes an inner roller, and 152 denotes an outer roller.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example 1: to current wheat planting mode, smash still field with corn stalk, this kind of mode utilizes corn stalk only, and its fibrosis degree is high, influences the normal growth of wheat, and the gas permeability is poor, can't satisfy people's demand, has brought the trouble for people, and this embodiment provides a wheat pricks hole tectorial membrane aqueous vapor coupling soil moisture conservation method, includes following step:
s1, pressing the finished grass film 20: the straw film comprises corn straws, weeds and soybean straws, and the fluffy corn straws, the weeds and the soybean straws are pressed by a press to form the straw film, wherein the width of the straw film is L;
s2, soil preparation: and (3) ploughing the soil by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the ploughing soil depth is 250-300mm, and then leveling.
S3, sowing: after land leveling, sowing wheat into the land by using a sowing machine, wherein the line spacing of the wheat is N, L = nN, and N is an integer; in the specific implementation, the distance between the sowing legs of the sowing machine is adjusted to 150mm, and n is 10 according to L = nN.
S4, paving grass films and punching: after sowing, the grass film is paved in the ground by using a film paving and punching machine, and holes are punched in the wheat rows at the same time, wherein the punching depth of the film paving and punching machine is 150-200 mm.
When the straw film is pressed in the step S1, firstly cutting off the top ears of the corn stalks to keep the corn stalks, wherein the length of the corn stalks is the width L of the straw film, secondly longitudinally and uniformly paving the corn stalks on a plane, and then transversely and uniformly paving the soybean stalks on the corn stalks to enable the soybean stalks and the corn stalks to be arranged in a vertical and horizontal mode; then uniformly filling the top ears and weeds in gaps between the soybean straws and the corn straws to form a straw composite structure with a certain thickness; and finally, pressing the straw composite structure by using a press to obtain the grass film.
In specific implementation, the L value is 1500mm, the height of corn is met, the processed corn straws are placed at intervals along the longitudinal direction to form a basic frame, the soybean straws are placed on the corn straws along the transverse direction and are connected with the adjacent corn straws, namely, the hard corn straws are used as longitudinal ribs, the shorter hard soybean straws are used as transverse ribs to form a basic skeleton, the head parts of the weeds and the cut corn straws are placed in gaps between the soybean straws and the corn straws to form a basic structure, then the operation is repeated on the basic structure to form a straw composite structure with a certain thickness, the straw composite structure is compressed by a press to form a grass film, the grass film can be in a rectangular sheet structure or a roll-shaped structure, the thickness of the grass film is 30-40mm, and the grass crop in the field is processed to form the grass film.
The back that finishes is laid to the grass membrane, can carry out the earth's surface irrigation to grass membrane top according to the nature rainfall condition, the purpose of irrigation not only is for the water content that increases the earth's surface, irrigation water has increased the humidity of grass membrane simultaneously, accelerate the decomposition of grass membrane, simultaneously can make irrigation water clearing hole permeate the root system layer depths fast through punching between wheat row, reduce surface and shallow evaporation, play the effect of water conservation, the hole can increase simultaneously and ventilate, increase the oxygen content on root system layer, be favorable to crop aqueous vapor coupling, improve wheat output.
In the embodiment, the grass film is laid, and can store partial water and permeate into the ground surface during irrigation or natural rainfall, so that the soil moisture preservation function is realized; after the grass membrane grows out of the wheat, the wheat is applied with pesticide and fertilizer according to the requirement, at the moment, the grass membrane can filter and intercept pesticide and fertilizer, the pesticide is prevented from directly falling into the ground surface, the soil is prevented from being damaged, meanwhile, the fertilizer can be stored in the gap of the grass membrane, the fertilizer is prevented from directly volatilizing, and the fertilizer is protected; and the grass film becomes fertilizer after being rotten, so that the organic fertility of the farmland is increased, agricultural wastes are reduced, energy is saved, emission is reduced, the heat preservation effect is realized, and the accumulated temperature of the earth surface is increased.
Example 2: this example provides a film-laying punch for the soil moisture preservation method of example 1.
The film paving and punching machine comprises a rack 1, traveling wheels 2 arranged on the front side and the rear side of the rack, a punching mechanism arranged on the rear side of the rack, a film paving mechanism arranged on the front side of the rack and a traction mechanism; the traction mechanism is a tractor, the front end of the frame 1 is provided with a traction end 3, the tractor and the traction end are connected with the traction frame to walk in the field, and the functions of laying grass films and punching in the row are realized by the film laying mechanism and the punching mechanism.
As shown in fig. 1, the punching mechanism includes a speed reduction motor 4, an eccentric wheel set 5, an eccentric rod 6, an upper transmission rod 7, a lower transmission rod 11, a limit plate 10, a punching head 13 and a tension spring 12; the speed reducing motor 4 is installed on the frame 1 and is in transmission connection with the eccentric wheel set 5, and the upper end of the eccentric rod 6 is hinged at the eccentric position of the eccentric wheel set 5; the lower end of the eccentric rod 6 is hinged to the upper end of an upper transmission rod 7, the upper transmission rod 7 penetrates through the rack 1 and can vertically slide along the rack to form an eccentric wheel mechanism, and the upper transmission rod is driven by the eccentric wheel mechanism to reciprocate up and down along the rack.
Go up the lower extreme of transfer line and be fixed with fixing base 8, the lower part of fixing base 2 is fixed with articulated seat 9 and limiting plate 10, the upper end of transfer line 11 articulates in articulated seat 9 down, and the upper end of limiting plate 10 is fixed on fixing base 8, the lower extreme of limiting plate 10 inclines to 1 front end of frame, extension spring 12 sets up under between transfer line 11 and frame 1, draws the transfer line down to limiting plate 10 all the time, the head of punching 13 is fixed on the transfer line down, and keeps unanimous with the direction of transfer line down.
When the frame is drawn and is walked in the field, gear motor 4 simultaneous working, go up transfer rod 7 along vertical up-and-down reciprocating motion, lower transfer rod 11 and punching head 13 structure as an organic whole and slope downwards, when moving, punching head 13 can slope and go into soil downwards, punching head root is the place position promptly and is unchangeable, because the frame continues to walk forward, punching head continues downstream, 11 upper ends of lower transfer rod are drawn by the frame and overcome the relative hinged joint seat of extension spring resistance and rotate to the rear side, make punching head keep vertical and continue to go into soil, the transfer rod upwards resets on the back, pull out punching head, and draw close to the limiting plate under the drive of extension spring, accomplish one-time punching operation.
Spread membrane mechanism and include roller frame 14, guide roll 15 and compression roller 16, and roller frame 14 is fixed in frame 1, and 14 upper ends of roller frame are opened, and the plastic film is rolled up 19 and is erect on roller frame 14, the guide roll sets up the bottom in the frame, guide roll 15 includes the interior roller 151 with plastic film width looks adaptation and sets up the foreign steamer 152 in the roller both sides including, foreign steamer 152 and ground contact, the plastic film is restricted between the foreign steamer and can be pressed to ground by interior roller 151, compression roller 16 sets up between guide roll 15 and punching head 13, and presses and contacts on plastic film 20, fixes the punching head of being convenient for with plastic film 20 and carry out the operation of punching.
Meanwhile, the guide roller and the compression roller are fixed on the rack through the adjusting frame, the adjusting frame can be heightened when the guide roller and the compression roller are not used, the use is convenient, the structure of the adjusting frame is as shown in figure 1 and comprises a loop bar, a sleeve and a fixing pin, and the loop bar is sleeved in the sleeve and is fixed with the loop bar and the fixing pin through the fixing pin.
Example 3: this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 2, except that the present embodiment further defines the structure of the eccentric wheel set.
The eccentric wheel set comprises a left eccentric wheel 51 and a right eccentric wheel 52, the left eccentric wheel 51 and the right eccentric wheel 52 are coaxial, the distance between the left eccentric wheel 51 and the right eccentric wheel 52 is L/2, namely 750mm, namely the distance between the holes 21 is 750mm, eccentric shafts 54 are arranged at the outer eccentric positions of the left eccentric wheel 51 and the right eccentric wheel 52, and eccentric rods 6 are hinged on the eccentric shafts 54; the eccentric shaft of the left eccentric wheel 6 and the eccentric shaft of the right eccentric wheel are symmetrical relative to the circle center on the same projection plane.
As shown in fig. 2, a belt wheel is installed on a rotating shaft of the reduction motor 4, the belt wheel is connected with a driven belt wheel through belt transmission, a first gear 56 is fixedly connected to the driven belt wheel, a second gear 55 is installed on a wheel shaft of the eccentric wheel set, the first gear 56 is meshed with the second gear 52, so that the reduction motor can synchronously drive the left eccentric wheel and the right eccentric wheel, the eccentric shaft on the left eccentric wheel and the eccentric shaft on the right eccentric wheel are symmetrical relative to the center of a circle on the same projection plane, thereby asynchronously driving the eccentric rods, and further enabling punching heads on the left side and the right side to alternately punch holes 21 between lines, and forming a punching position distribution state as shown in fig. 3.
Example 4: this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 2, except that the shape and the penetration angle of the punching head 13 are further defined in this embodiment.
The shape of the punching head 13 is a flat acute triangle, the length of the front side of the acute triangle is smaller than that of the rear side, and the soil penetration angle between the lower transmission rod and the punching head is 95-105 degrees.
The punching head can enter soil downwards at a small inclination angle, so that the soil entering strength of the punching head is ensured, and when the punching head leaves soil, the length of the front side edge is smaller than that of the rear side edge, namely the root of the punching head slightly inclines towards the front end, so that the grass film is not easy to pull when the grass film leaves the soil, the integrity and the attractiveness of the grass film are ensured, and the structure is reasonable.
Example 5: this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 2, except that this embodiment is provided with a backup roller frame 17 at the front end of the frame.
The front side of frame is provided with the reserve roller frame 17 that is used for placing reserve plastic film book, be provided with guide rail 18 between reserve roller frame 17 and the roller frame 14 to when using, can place two sets of plastic film book in the frame, roll up the back when the plastic film, reserve plastic film book can follow the quick slip of guide rail 18 to the roller frame in, convenient to use has saved the manpower.
Claims (8)
1. A wheat pricking and straw mulching film water-gas coupling soil moisture preservation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1 pressing grass film: the straw film comprises corn straws, weeds and soybean straws, and the fluffy corn straws, the weeds and the soybean straws are pressed by a press to form the straw film, wherein the width of the straw film is L;
the pressed grass film comprises the following steps: firstly, cutting off the top ears of corn stalks to keep the corn stalks, wherein the length of the corn stalks is the width L of a straw film; secondly, longitudinally and uniformly paving the corn stalks on a plane, and then transversely and uniformly paving the soybean stalks on the corn stalks to ensure that the soybean stalks and the corn stalks are arranged in a longitudinal and transverse manner; then uniformly filling the top ears and weeds in gaps between the soybean straws and the corn straws to form a straw composite structure with a certain thickness; finally, pressing the straw composite structure by using a press to obtain a straw film;
s2 soil preparation: ploughing the soil by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the ploughing soil depth is 250-300mm, and then leveling;
s3 sowing: after land leveling, sowing by using a sowing machine, wherein the row spacing of sowing is N, L = nN, and N is an integer;
s4 spreading grass film and perforating: after sowing, paving a layer of grass film on the land surface by using a film paving and punching machine, and punching the grass film in a row;
the film paving and punching machine comprises a rack, traveling wheels arranged on the front side and the rear side of the rack, a punching mechanism arranged on the rear side of the rack, a film paving mechanism arranged on the front side of the rack and a traction mechanism; the punching mechanism comprises a speed reducing motor, an eccentric wheel set, an eccentric rod, an upper transmission rod, a lower transmission rod, a limiting seat, a punching head and a tension spring; the speed reducing motor is installed on the rack and is in transmission connection with the eccentric wheel set, and the upper end of the eccentric rod is hinged at the eccentric position of the eccentric wheel set; the lower end of the eccentric rod is hinged to the upper end of the upper transmission rod, the upper transmission rod penetrates through the rack and can vertically slide along the rack, a fixed seat is fixed to the lower end of the upper transmission rod, a hinged seat and a limiting plate are fixed to the lower portion of the fixed seat, the upper end of the lower transmission rod is hinged in the hinged seat, the lower end of the limiting plate inclines towards the front end of the rack, a tension spring is arranged between the lower transmission rod and the rack and is used for always pulling the lower transmission rod to the limiting plate, and the punching head is fixed to the lower transmission rod and keeps the same direction with the lower transmission rod; when the machine moves, the punching head can obliquely enter soil downwards, the position of the root of the punching head, namely the landing position, is unchanged, the punching head continues to move downwards as the machine frame continues to move forwards, the upper end of the lower transmission rod is pulled by the machine frame and overcomes the resistance of the tension spring to rotate towards the rear side relative to the hinged seat, so that the punching head is kept vertical and continues to enter soil; the film spreading mechanism comprises a roller frame, guide rollers and press rollers, the straw film is wound and erected on the roller frame, the guide rollers are arranged at the bottom of the rack and comprise inner rollers matched with the width of the straw film and outer rollers arranged on two sides of the inner rollers, the outer rollers are in contact with the ground, the straw film is limited between the outer rollers and can be pressed to the ground by the inner rollers, and the press rollers are arranged between the guide rollers and the punching heads and are in press contact with the straw film; the front end of the frame is provided with a traction end, and the traction mechanism is connected with the traction end.
2. The wheat hole-pricking and straw-mulching film water-gas coupling soil moisture conservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the grass film is 30-40 mm.
3. The wheat hole-pricking and straw-mulching film water-gas coupling soil moisture conservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the punching depth of the film-paving punching machine is 150-200 mm.
4. The wheat hole-pricking and straw-mulching film water-gas coupling soil moisture conservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the eccentric wheel set comprises a left eccentric wheel and a right eccentric wheel, the left eccentric wheel and the right eccentric wheel are coaxial, the distance between the left eccentric wheel and the right eccentric wheel is L/2, eccentric shafts are arranged at the outer eccentric positions of the left eccentric wheel and the right eccentric wheel, and eccentric rods are hinged to the eccentric shafts.
5. The wheat hole-pricking and straw-mulching film water-gas coupling soil moisture conservation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the eccentric shaft on the left eccentric wheel and the eccentric shaft of the right eccentric wheel are symmetrical relative to the circle center on the same projection plane.
6. The wheat hole-pricking and straw-mulching film water-gas coupling soil moisture conservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the soil-entering angle of the lower transmission rod and the punching head is 95-105 degrees.
7. The wheat hole-pricking and straw-mulching film water-gas coupling soil moisture conservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shape of the punching head is a flat acute triangle, and the length of the front side of the acute triangle is smaller than that of the rear side.
8. The wheat hole-pricking and straw-mulching film water-gas coupling soil moisture conservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front side of frame is provided with the reserve roller frame that is used for placing reserve grass membrane book, be provided with the guide rail between reserve roller frame and the roller frame.
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| CN202010381850.6A CN111528010B (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2020-05-08 | Wheat pricking and straw mulching film water-gas coupling soil moisture conservation method and device |
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