CN111433382B - 具有优异的抗高温氧化性的铁素体不锈钢及其制造方法 - Google Patents

具有优异的抗高温氧化性的铁素体不锈钢及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN111433382B
CN111433382B CN201880078027.9A CN201880078027A CN111433382B CN 111433382 B CN111433382 B CN 111433382B CN 201880078027 A CN201880078027 A CN 201880078027A CN 111433382 B CN111433382 B CN 111433382B
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stainless steel
ferritic stainless
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laves phase
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CN111433382A (zh
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郑壹酂
金镇锡
高汉赫
朴志彦
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Posco Holdings Co ltd
Posco Holdings Inc
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
    • Y10T428/12979—Containing more than 10% nonferrous elements [e.g., high alloy, stainless]

Abstract

公开了能够通过有效的氧化皮产生来抑制高温氧化的铁素体不锈钢及其制造方法。根据本发明的一个实施方案，按重量％计，具有优异的抗高温氧化性的铁素体不锈钢包含：10％至30％的Cr，0.2％至1.0％的Si，0.1％至2.0％的Mn，0.3％至2.5％的W，0.001％至0.15％的Ti，0.001％至0.1％的Al，以及余量的铁(Fe)和不可避免的杂质，并且满足以下式(1)。(1)W/(Ti+Al)≥10。

Description

具有优异的抗高温氧化性的铁素体不锈钢及其制造方法
技术领域
本公开涉及用于防止高温氧化的铁素体不锈钢的最佳设计方法，并且更特别地，涉及能够通过产生有效的氧化皮来抑制高温氧化的铁素体不锈钢及其制造方法。
背景技术
铁素体不锈钢是与奥氏体不锈钢相比具有高的价格竞争力的钢，原因是其即使添加少量昂贵的合金元素也具有优异的耐腐蚀性。铁素体不锈钢用于具有温度为800℃或更高的废气的排气系统部件(排气歧管、集流锥(collector cone))，但是当长时间暴露于高温时，发生高温氧化，导致组件耐久性劣化。
在过去，已经在合金组分和制造方法的方面进行了产品开发仅用以增加高温强度。然而，除了增加高温强度之外，对于用以在长时间暴露于高温环境时抑制高温氧化的不锈钢表面层的氧化皮的研究还不充分。
发明内容
技术问题
因此，本公开的一个方面提供了这样的铁素体不锈钢及其制造方法：除了增加高温强度之外，还可以在长时间暴露于高温环境时通过抑制高温氧化来增加组件的耐久性。
技术方案
根据本公开的一个方面，按全部组成的重量百分比(％)计，抗高温氧化性优异的铁素体不锈钢包含，Cr：10％至30％，Si：0.2％至1.0％，Mn：0.1％至2.0％，W：0.3％至2.5％，Ti：0.001％至0.15％，Al：0.001％至0.1％，余量的铁(Fe)和其他不可避免的杂质，以及满足以下式(1)。
(1)W/(Ti+Al)≥10
(W、Ti、Al意指各元素的含量(重量％))。
铁素体不锈钢可以在900℃或更高下暴露200小时或更长，在表面层上形成[W,Si]-氧化物膜。
[W,Si]-氧化物膜的厚度可以为5μm至更大。
不锈钢可以包含0.01重量％至1.0重量％的W Laves相析出物。
不锈钢还可以包含，C：0.001％至0.01％，N：0.001％至0.01％，Nb：0.3％至0.6％，Mo：0.3％至2.5％和Cu：0.2％或更少，以及满足C+N：0.018％或更少。
不锈钢可以包含0.01重量％至1.0重量％的以下中的一者或更多者：W Laves相析出物、Nb Laves相析出物和Mo Laves相析出物，以及基于100重量％的Laves相析出物可以包含5重量％的W。
W Laves相析出物可以包含选自Fe2W、FeCrW、Cr2W中的任一者或更多者。
Nb Laves相析出物可以包含选自Fe2Nb、FeCrNb、Cr2Nb中的任一者或更多者。
Mo Laves相析出物可以包含选自Fe2Mo、FeCrMo、Cr2Mo中的任一者或更多者。
不可避免的杂质可以包含以下中的任一者或更多者，P：0.05％或更少，S：0.005％或更少，Mg：0.0002％至0.001％，和Ca：0.0004％至0.002％。
根据本公开的一个方面，抗高温氧化性优异的铁素体不锈钢的制造方法包括：对冷轧退火材料进行时效，按全部组成的重量百分比(％)计，所述冷轧退火材料包含，Cr：10％至30％，Si：0.2％至1.0％，Mn：0.1％至2.0％，W：0.3％至2.5％，Ti：0.001％至0.15％，Al：0.001％至0.1％，余量的铁(Fe)和其他不可避免的杂质，以及满足以下式(1)。
(1)W/(Ti+Al)≥10
(W、Ti、Al意指各元素的含量(重量％))。
时效可以在400℃至600℃下进行30分钟至90分钟。
冷轧退火材料还可以包含，C：0.001％至0.01％，N：0.001％至0.01％，Nb：0.3％至0.6％，Mo：0.3％至2.5％和Cu：0.2％或更少，以及满足C+N：0.018％或更少。
有益效果
在根据本公开的实施方案的铁素体不锈钢中，在900℃或更高下暴露200小时或更长之后，均匀地形成W和Si氧化物膜，因此高温氧化量可以减少20％或更大，并因此可以增加高温排气系统部件的耐久性。
附图说明
图1是当W/(Ti+Al)值小于10时，长时间暴露于高温时形成氧化皮的行为的示意图。
图2是当W/(Ti+Al)值为10或更大时，长时间暴露于高温时形成氧化皮的行为的示意图。
图3是示出在900℃下暴露200小时之后根据W/(Ti+Al)值的[W,Si]-氧化物厚度的相关性的图。
图4是示出在900℃下暴露200小时之后本发明的钢的截面的氧化皮的组成的Fe-SEM照片。
图5是示出在900℃下暴露200小时之后形成的[W,Si]-氧化物厚度与由氧化引起的重量增加之间的相关性的图。
具体实施方式
按全部组成的重量百分比(％)计，根据本公开的一个实施方案的抗高温氧化性优异的铁素体不锈钢包含，Cr：10％至30％，Si：0.2％至1.0％，Mn：0.1％至2.0％，W：0.3％至2.5％，Ti：0.001％至0.15％，Al：0.001％至0.1％，余量的铁(Fe)和其他不可避免的杂质，以及满足以下式(1)。
(1)W/(Ti+Al)≥10
(W、Ti、Al意指各元素的含量(重量％))。
发明的实施方式
在下文中，将参照附图详细描述本公开的实施方案。提供以下实施方案以向本领域普通技术人员传递本公开的技术概念。然而，本公开不限于这些实施方案，并且可以以其他形式实施。在附图中，为了使本公开清楚，可能未示出与描述无关的部分，并且此外，为了易于理解，或多或少夸大地示出了组件的尺寸。
此外，除非特别地相反地对其进行描述，否则当一个部分“包括”或“包含”一个要素时，该部分还可以包括其他要素，不排除其他要素。
除非在上下文中具有明显不同的含义，否则以单数使用的表述包括复数表述。
本公开限定了对抑制高温氧化有效的氧化皮组成，其用于车辆排气系统用部件的防高温氧化用铁素体不锈钢的最佳设计方法；以及呈现了用于产生目标氧化皮的组分和参数。
按全部组成的重量百分比(％)计，根据本公开的一个实施方案的抗高温氧化性优异的铁素体不锈钢包含，Cr：10％至30％，Si：0.2％至1.0％，Mn：0.1％至2.0％，W：0.3％至2.5％，Ti：0.001％至0.15％，Al：0.001％至0.1％，余量的铁(Fe)和其他不可避免的杂质，以及满足以下式(1)。
(1)W/(Ti+Al)≥10
在下文中，将描述本公开的实施方案中的合金组分元素含量的数值限制的原因。以下，除非另有说明，否则单位为重量％。
Cr的含量为10％至30％。
铬是对改善钢的耐腐蚀性有效的元素。在本公开中，添加10％或更多的Cr。然而，当Cr含量过多时，不仅制造成本增加而且发生晶界腐蚀，因此将Cr含量限制为30％或更少。
Si的含量为0.2％至1.0％。
硅是添加用于炼钢期间钢水的脱氧以及使铁素体稳定的元素。在本公开中，添加0.2％或更多的Si。然而，当含量过多时，材料硬化并且钢的延展性降低，因此将Si含量限制为1.0％或更少。
Mn的含量为0.1％至2.0％。
锰是对改善耐腐蚀性有效的元素。在本公开中，添加0.1％或更多，并且更优选地添加0.5％或更多。然而，当Mn含量过多时，Mn烟尘的产生将迅速增加，从而使可焊接性劣化，并且由于形成过多的MnS析出物而使钢的延展性劣化。将Mn含量限制为2.0％或更少，更优选地1.5％或更少。
W的含量为0.3％至2.5％。
钨增加铁素体不锈钢的耐腐蚀性，改善高温强度，以及增加高温吸音。因此，优选添加0.3％或更多。然而，当该含量过多时，由于形成金属间析出物而发生脆性。因此，优选将该含量限制为2.5％或更少。
Ti的含量为0.001％至0.15％。
钛将C和N固定以减少钢中的固溶体C和固溶体N的量并且有效改善钢的耐腐蚀性。然而，应限制Ti的量，原因是Ti阻碍在800℃或更高的高温下溶解的W和Mo的短范围扩散以及降低高温吸音。然而，由于为了将Ti含量降低至极低水平，额外的炼钢成本增加，因此将范围限制为0.001％至0.15％。
Al的含量为0.001％至0.1％。
铝是强力脱氧剂，其用于降低钢水中的氧的含量，并且在本公开中以0.001％或更大的量添加。然而，当Al含量过多时，由于非金属夹杂物增加而发生冷轧带材的套筒缺陷(sleeve defect)并且使可焊接性劣化。将Al含量限制为0.1％或更少。
当满足以上式(1)时，W和Si的表面层部分的扩散被活化，并且当在900℃或更高的温度下暴露200小时或更长时，在不锈钢的表面上可以形成W和Si氧化物([W,Si]-氧化物)膜。[W,Si]-氧化物膜可以均匀地形成至5μm或更大的厚度。[W,Si]-氧化物膜充当屏障以防止Fe、Cr和Mn在基础材料中的扩散，从而抑制进一步高温氧化。
图1是当W/(Ti+Al)值小于10时长时间暴露于高温时形成氧化皮的行为的示意图。图2是当W/(Ti+Al)值为10或更大时，长时间暴露于高温时形成氧化皮的行为的示意图。
通常，在铁素体不锈钢的表面层的最外层上形成Mn氧化物膜，以及在基础材料与Mn氧化物膜之间形成Fe和Cr氧化物([Fe,Cr]-氧化物)膜。
当W/(Ti+Al)值小于10时，在根据本公开的组分的Ti和Al含量中，如图1所示形成不均匀的TiO2、Al2O3氧化物膜。由于其不抑制Fe、Cr、Mn和O的扩散，因此当长时间暴露于高温时高温氧化的量增加。另一方面，当W/(Ti+Al)值为10或更大时，如图2所示，形成5μm或更大的均匀[W,Si]-氧化物膜，并且可以通过防止Fe、Cr、Mn和O的扩散抑制进一步高温氧化。
此外，根据本公开的一个实施方案，不锈钢还可以包含，C：0.001％至0.01％，N：0.001％至0.01％，Nb：0.3％至0.6％，Mo：0.3％至2.5％和Cu：0.2％或更少。此外，C+N可以满足0.018％或更少。
C的含量为0.001％至0.01％。
碳是大幅影响钢的强度的元素。当C含量过多时，钢的强度过度增加，而使延展性劣化，因此将C含量限制为0.01％或更少。然而，当C含量低时，强度过度降低，因此下限可以为0.001％或更大。
N的含量为0.001％至0.01％。
氮是促进热轧期间通过奥氏体析出而再结晶的元素。在本公开中，添加0.001％或更多的氮。然而，当含量过多时，钢的延展性劣化，并且将N含量限制为0.01％或更少。
C+N为0.018％或更少。
当C+N太高时，由于因稳定比(stabilization ratio)不足而形成晶粒间碳氮化物，因此可能发生晶间腐蚀。为了防止这一点，优选将C+N控制为0.018％或更少。
Nb的含量为0.3％至0.6％。
铌与溶解的C结合以析出NbC，从而降低溶解的C含量，增加耐腐蚀性，并增加高温强度。因此，在本公开中，Nb含量可以为0.3％或更大。然而，当Nb含量过多时，再结晶受到抑制并且可成形性降低，因此Nb含量可以为0.6％或更少。
Mo的含量为0.3％至2.5％。
钼起增加铁素体不锈钢的耐腐蚀性、改善高温强度和增加高温吸音的作用。因此，Mo含量可以为0.3％或更多。然而，当含量过多时，由于产生金属间析出物而发生脆性。因此，Mo含量可以为2.5％或更少。
Cu的含量为0.2％或更少。
铜具有增加排气系统冷凝环境中的耐腐蚀性的效果。因此，Cu含量可以为0.01％或更多。然而，当含量过多时，延展性降低并且成型产品的品质降低。因此，Cu含量可以为0.2％或更少。
根据本公开的一个方面，不可避免的杂质可以包含以下中的任一者或更多者，P：0.05％或更少，S：0.005％或更少，Mg：0.0002％至0.001％，和Ca：0.0004％至0.002％。
P的含量为0.05％或更少。
磷是不可避免地包含在钢中的杂质，其在酸洗时引起晶间腐蚀，或者使可热加工性劣化。因此，P含量可以尽可能地低。在本公开中，将P含量的上限控制为0.05％。
S的含量为0.005％或更少。
由于硫是不可避免地包含在钢中的杂质，其在晶界偏析并且主要阻碍可热加工性。因此，S含量可以尽可能地低。在本公开中，将S含量的上限控制为0.005％。
Mg的含量为0.0002％至0.001％。
镁是为了在炼钢过程中脱氧而引入的元素，并且在脱氧过程之后作为杂质保留。然而，当含量过多时，可成型性较差，因此将含量限制为0.001％或更小，并且由于不可能将其完全除去，因此优选将其控制为0.0002％或更大。
Ca的含量为0.0004％至0.002％。
钙是为了在炼钢过程中脱氧而引入的元素并且在脱氧过程之后作为杂质保留。然而，当含量过多时，耐腐蚀性较差，因此将含量限制为0.002％或更小，并且由于不可能将其完全除去，因此优选将其控制为0.0004％或更大。
接下来，将描述根据本公开的一个实施方案的抗高温氧化性优异的铁素体不锈钢的制造方法。
本公开的抗高温氧化性优异的铁素体不锈钢的制造方法可以通过常规制造工艺生产冷轧退火材料，并且包括在400℃至600℃下对冷轧退火材料进行时效30分钟至90分钟。
例如，可以通过热轧、热轧退火、冷轧和冷轧退火将板坯生产为冷轧退火材料，所述板坯包含，Cr：10％至30％，Si：0.2％至1.0％，Mn：0.1％至2.0％，W：0.3％至2.5％，Ti：0.001％至0.15％，Al：0.001％至0.1％，余量的铁(Fe)和其他不可避免的杂质，以及满足W/(Ti+Al)值为10或更大。
此外，还可以包含在上述范围内的C、N、Nb、Mo和Cu，并且可以包含P、S、Mg和Ca作为杂质。
通过满足上式(1)，并且对包含Nb、Mo的冷轧退火材料进行时效，可以在不锈钢组织中析出Laves相析出物。通过时效处理，在不锈钢组织中可以析出0.01重量％至1.0重量％的Laves相析出物(其可以表示为[Fe,Cr]2[W,Nb,Mo])。为了析出在以上范围内的析出量，可以调节时效处理温度与时间之间的关系，并且其可以优选地在400℃至600℃下进行30分钟至90分钟。
当包含W的Laves相析出物过量析出大于1.0重量％时，应将包含W的Laves相析出物的析出量限制为1.0重量％或更小，原因是由于溶解的W、Nb和Mo降低导致的高温强度降低并且脆性断裂的风险增加。
W Laves相析出物可以包含选自Fe2W、FeCrW、Cr2W中的任一者或更多者，Nb Laves相析出物可以包含选自Fe2Nb、FeCrNb、Cr2Nb中的任一者或更多者，以及Mo Laves相析出物可以包含选自Fe2Mo、FeCrMo、Cr2Mo中的任一者或更多者。
基于100重量％的析出的Laves相析出物([Fe,Cr]2[W,Nb,Mo])，W应以5重量％或更多包含在内。这是由于当包含W的Laves相析出物存在于不锈钢的表面层中时，其起到用于在900℃或更高下暴露200小时或更长时产生[W,Si]-氧化物膜的籽晶(seed)的作用。在900℃或更高下暴露200小时或更长之后，均匀地形成[W,Si]-氧化物膜，这可以使高温氧化的量减少20％或更大，并且900℃的高温强度(TS)值可以表现40MPa或更大。
在下文中，将通过本公开的优选实施方案更详细地描述本公开。
实施例
使用不锈钢实验室规模熔炼和铸锭生产设备，用下表1中所示的合金组分制备20mm棒材样品。在1200℃下再加热并热轧至6mm之后，在1100℃下进行热轧退火，并且在冷轧至2.0mm之后，在1100℃下进行退火处理。此外，在500℃下对冷轧退火板进行时效1小时以生产最终产品。
[表1]
Figure BDA0002520162740000091
将最终产品切割成100mm×100mm的尺寸并且在箱式炉中在900℃下热处理200小时。通过测量在热处理之前和之后的重量来评估氧化膜的重量增加和减少。在热处理之后，用Fe-SEM观察样品的截面以评估氧化皮的组成、结构、厚度，并且其示于图4中。在使温度升高至900℃之后，在拉伸机中对JIS-13B拉伸样品进行处理之后评估高温强度。
[表2]
Figure BDA0002520162740000101
图3是示出在900℃下暴露200小时之后根据W/(Ti+Al)值的[W,Si]-氧化物厚度的相关性的图。
参照图3以及表1和表2，由于本发明的钢1至4满足本公开的组分的范围并且W/(Ti+Al)值为10或更大，因此发现形成具有6μm或更大的厚度的均匀的[W,Si]-氧化物膜。此外，未产生不均匀的Ti和Al氧化物膜(TiO2，Al2O3)。另一方面，虽然所有比较例1至3中的W足够地添加，但是Ti和/或Al的含量高，因此W/(Ti+Al)值小于10，并因此，未产生均匀的[W,Si]-氧化物膜。
另一方面，比较钢4满足根据本公开的式(1)，其中W：2.7％，Ti：0.1％，Al：0.07％，但是W的含量超过2.5％，在制造期间导致板破损。如上所述，这被确定为由于因过多的W含量形成金属间析出物而导致的脆性问题。因此，发现应将W含量的上限限制为2.5％或更小。
图4为示出在900℃下暴露200小时之后本发明的钢的截面的氧化皮组成的Fe-SEM照片。参照图4，确定在基体上形成氧化物膜，并且通过O、W和Si的分布在基体上形成[W,Si]-氧化物膜。
图5为示出在900℃下暴露200小时之后形成的[W,Si]-氧化物膜厚度与由氧化引起的重量增加之间的相关性的图。参照图5以及表1和表2，当通过重量增加形成5μm或更大的均匀的[W,Si]-氧化物膜时，发现Fe、Cr、Mn、和O的扩散被抑制，从而抑制进一步高温氧化。
虽然已经参照示例性实施方案具体描述了本公开，但是本领域技术人员应理解，在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下，可以在形式和细节上进行各种改变。
工业实用性
通过在使用高温排气系统的环境中形成均匀的氧化物层，可以期望根据本公开的铁素体不锈钢抑制高温氧化以及增加在高温下的耐久性。

Claims (10)

1.一种抗高温氧化性优异的铁素体不锈钢，按全部组成的重量百分比(％)计，所述铁素体不锈钢包含，Cr：10％至30％，Si：0.2％至1.0％，Mn：0.1％至2.0％，W：0.3％至2.5％，Ti：0.001％至0.15％，Al：0.001％至0.1％，C：0.001％至0.01％，N：0.001％至0.01％，Nb：0.3％至0.6％，Mo：0.3％至2.5％和Cu：0.01％至0.2％，余量的铁(Fe)和其他不可避免的杂质，
其中所述铁素体不锈钢满足以下式(1)，
其中所述不可避免的杂质包含以下中的任一者或更多者，P：0.05％或更少，S：0.005％或更少，Mg：0.0002％至0.001％，和Ca：0.0004％至0.002％，以及
其中，当所述铁素体不锈钢在900℃或更高下暴露200小时或更长时，在表面层上形成[W，Si]-氧化物膜，
(1)W/(Ti+Al)≥10
W、Ti、Al意指各元素的含量(重量％)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁素体不锈钢，其中所述[W，Si]-氧化物膜的厚度为5μm或更大。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铁素体不锈钢，其中所述不锈钢包含0.01重量％至1.0重量％的W Laves相析出物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的铁素体不锈钢，其中所述不锈钢满足C+N：0.018％或更少。
5.根据权利要求1所述的铁素体不锈钢，其中所述不锈钢包含0.01重量％至1.0重量％的以下中的一者或更多者：W Laves相析出物、Nb Laves相析出物和Mo Laves相析出物，以及
包含基于100重量％的Laves相析出物的5重量％的W。
6.根据权利要求3或权利要求5所述的铁素体不锈钢，其中所述W Laves相析出物包含选自Fe2W、FeCrW、Cr2W中的任一者或更多者。
7.根据权利要求5所述的铁素体不锈钢，其中所述Nb Laves相析出物包含选自Fe2Nb、FeCrNb、Cr2Nb中的任一者或更多者。
8.根据权利要求5所述的铁素体不锈钢，其中所述Mo Laves相析出物包含选自Fe2Mo、FeCrMo、Cr2Mo中的任一者或更多者。
9.一种抗高温氧化性优异的铁素体不锈钢的制造方法，所述制造方法包括：
对冷轧退火材料进行时效，按全部组成的重量百分比(％)计，所述冷轧退火材料包含，Cr：10％至30％，Si：0.2％至1.0％，Mn：0.1％至2.0％，W：0.3％至2.5％，Ti：0.001％至0.15％，Al：0.001％至0.1％，C：0.001％至0.01％，N：0.001％至0.01％，Nb：0.3％至0.6％，Mo：0.3％至2.5％和Cu：0.01％至0.2％，余量的铁(Fe)和其他不可避免的杂质，并且满足以下式(1)，
其中所述不可避免的杂质包含以下中的任一者或更多者，P：0.05％或更少，S：0.005％或更少，Mg：0.0002％至0.001％，和Ca：0.0004％至0.002％，以及
其中所述时效在400℃至600℃下进行30分钟至90分钟，
(1)W/(Ti+Al)≥10
W、Ti、Al意指各元素的含量(重量％)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制造方法，其中所述冷轧退火材料满足C+N：0.018％或更少。
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