CN111264465B - Artificial breeding method of agkistrodon halys - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method of agkistrodon halys Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial breeding method of vipers, which comprises (1) separately breeding vipers, and observing whether infectious diseases such as bacterial pneumonia, enteritis, coccidiosis and the like exist; (2) the breeding snakes are placed into the pond for regular cultivation, the growth period is shortened, and the growth of the breeding snakes is accelerated; (3) breeding, and birth of the snake seedlings; (4) breeding the seedlings, namely breeding the seedlings at low density at the initial stage, ensuring the initial survival rate of the snake seedlings, gradually increasing the breeding density, reducing the energy input, and finally ensuring the survival rate of the snake seedlings after the first overwintering; (5) the viper breeding method avoids infectious diseases caused by snake breeding, considers the survival rate of snake seedlings and the investment of manual energy, and is suitable for large-scale artificial breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of snake culture, in particular to an artificial culture method of agkistrodon halys.
Background
The snakes, especially the poisonous snakes, have higher medicinal value, the breeding of the snakes generally comprises the key points of seed selection, breeding, seedling breeding, daily management and the like, the vipers are the poisonous snakes with higher medicinal value, at present, because of excessive pesticide use, environmental pollution, habitat damage and artificial indiscriminate catching and killing, wild vipers are less and less in population, the agkistrodon halys have irreplaceable medicinal value in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, a large amount of agkistroys are needed for developing the medicinal value of the agkistroys, the artificial culture of the agkistroys can develop the medicinal value of the agkistroys on one hand and can protect wild agkistroys population on the other hand, however, the current artificial cultivation technique of the agkistrodon halys is not mature, so that the technical barriers need to be overcome, the artificial cultivation method of the agkistrodon halys needs to be researched, the development of the medicinal value of the agkistrodon halys is promoted, and meanwhile, the wild agkistrodon halys species group is protected.
The most critical two parts in the artificial breeding process of the agkistrodon halys are to prevent the seed snakes from bringing parasites and diseases and ensure the survival rate of the snakes through winter for the first time, and the common problems in the current agkistrodon halys breeding are as follows:
(1) the agkistrodon acutus with strong self-predatory property is generally selected in a severe environment and is used as a seed snake after being artificially fed for a period of time, but the selected seed snake may have diseases and parasites, and the seed snake is easy to have the conditions of no feeding, piling and extrusion after entering a pool, so that the growth is slow and the survival rate is low;
(2) the viper seedlings of the vipers grow slowly in the first year, and the thin and weak viper seedlings are difficult to overwinter and have low survival rate;
(3) the viper is sensitive to temperature, and particularly in the snake seedling stage, pneumonia, enteritis and the like are easily caused by poor temperature difference control, and then death is caused;
(4) the breeding density of the viper seedlings is small, management and breeding are hard, the survival rate is high, the breeding density of the viper seedlings is increased, the problems of enteritis, wrinkled skin and the like easily occur, the survival rate is reduced, the breeding density and the breeding mode can be changed along with the growth of the viper seedlings, and meanwhile, the survival rate and the input breeding energy are considered.
The invention discloses a snake breeding shed controlled by the Internet of things, which is disclosed by Chinese patent with the application number of CN201910492000.0 of the applicant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial breeding method of vipers, which has the advantages of avoiding diseases and parasites caused by breeding snakes, improving the survival rate and the growth speed of the breeding snakes, considering both the survival rate of snake seedlings and the labor energy input and the like.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an artificial breeding method of vipers comprises the following steps:
(1) isolating and feeding the breeding snakes: before the breeding snakes enter the pond, the breeding snakes need to be kept in an isolation pond for temporarily breeding and expelling worms, infectious diseases such as bacterial pneumonia, enteritis, coccidia and the like are observed, whether the breeding snakes have the diseases and what kind of diseases are suffered are judged according to different expressions, then corresponding treatment measures are taken, and symptoms are observed again;
(2) and (3) breeding the snakes in a pond for fixed cultivation: breeding snakes in an isolation pond for a period of time, showing no disease symptoms, placing the breeding snakes into the pond for fixed breeding, enabling the breeding snakes just entering the pond to be easy to be piled and squeezed in the first few days, providing sufficient avoidance space, improving the survival rate of the breeding snakes, arranging cold and hot subareas in the pond, enabling the temperature of a hot area to be 29-30 ℃, enabling the temperature of a cold area to be 25-27 ℃, enabling the snakes to be adjusted automatically, stimulating the predation of the breeding snakes by feeding live food in the first time, adopting a feeding mode of mixing and alternating black spot frogs and loaches in the subsequent time, enabling the breeding snakes to be absorbed easily, shortening the growth period, accelerating the growth of the breeding snakes, disinfecting a water tray once a day, and feeding water by cold boiled water;
(3) and (3) propagation: selecting a snake which is strong and disease-free and is artificially fed for a long time, stopping feeding from about September, gradually reducing the temperature to empty impurities in intestinal tracts, naturally sleeping the breeding snake in October, controlling the temperature of the breeding snake during hibernation to be about two to three degrees, controlling the hibernation time to be four months, feeding male and female snakes separately after the breeding snakes sleep, avoiding premature ovulation of the female snakes, gradually increasing feeding, falling after going to sleep for about thirty days, feeding male and female snakes and a fence at the first ovulation period of the female snakes, feeding the male and female snakes one to two hours by using uvb in the daytime, mating most snakes in the evening, and paying attention to not frightening the snakes;
(4) seedling breeding: the snakes are temporarily raised by adopting a feeding cage, the snakes need to go through fetal skin removal after birth, the snakes can be ready to feed every other day after the fetal skin removal, the snakes are frozen and then unfrozen for feeding, the snakes are very sensitive to temperature, the heat preservation and ventilation of the feeding cage need to be enhanced, the feeding density can be gradually improved along with the growth of the snakes, and the investment of vigor is reduced;
(5) daily management: regularly disinfecting the feeding cage and the culture pond, cleaning excrement, observing the health and feeding condition of the snakes, and timely isolating and treating the sick snakes.
Preferably, in step (1), the pneumonia corresponds to symptoms: the neck is vertical, the lung has collapse respiratory belt noise and oral secretion is increased, and the treatment mode is as follows: the ceftriaxone is injected into ten milliliters of the ceftriaxone and is diluted by normal saline for once every two days, and the medicine needs to be refrigerated; symptoms corresponding to enteritis: emaciation, dehydration, no formation of defecation, greenness and food refusal, and the treatment mode is as follows: feeding with gentamicin injection once every day for three days for a period; coccidiosis corresponds to symptoms: the excrement is milky white floccule with strong fishy smell, and the treatment method is as follows: feeding 4 ml of the injection by a nitrating file once a day; broad spectrum insect repellant (e.g. minnow, laceworm, trematode, cryptosporidium, nematode, etc.): uniformly feeding snakeworms three times before the snakeworms enter the culture pond, and the frequency is once every two days.
Preferably, in the step (2), glass fiber tiles can be adopted, the interval between every two layers of glass fiber tiles is seven centimeters, the mode provides enough avoiding space for the snake, the manufacturing cost is low, the disinfection is easy, the situation of the snake is conveniently found through translucence, a proper amount of vitamins are added in later feeding, the stomatitis and the moulting difficulty and the skin blockage are prevented, the snake which does not take food by itself appears in the step (2), the snake is filled in the columns, and the excrement is seen and then the first-stage nursing is carried out.
Preferably, in the step (4), since the agkistrodon acutus seedlings grow very slowly in the first year, and are relatively thin and weak in nature, even if a lot of energy is put into the agkistrodon acutus seedlings, the survival rate of the agkistrodon acutus seedlings is difficult to guarantee, and therefore, the agkistrodon acutus seedlings are recommended to be directly eliminated and released.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope is not limited to the embodiment, and any technical solution that falls under the idea of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It should also be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
(1) Isolating and feeding the breeding snakes: fifthly and sixty months are two peak periods of the agkistrodon halys activity, the agkistrodon halys with strong predatism and vigorous vitality are selected as breeding snakes at the end, the breeding snakes need to be separately and temporarily cultured in an isolation pool before entering the pool, the breeding snakes do not need to be urgently fed at first, the breeding snakes are statically cultured for a period of time, the state of the breeding snakes is observed, the breeding snakes begin to be fed when the breeding snakes walk around and vomit, and meanwhile, the snakes are fed at the frequency of once every two days for three times, broad-spectrum anthelmintic (Hemiculter, Schicercaria, trematode, Cryptosporidium, nematode, etc.) is carried out on the breeding snake, the feeding condition, the existence or nonexistence of bacterial pneumonia, enteritis, coccidia, etc. of each snake are observed, whether the breeding snake has diseases and what kind of diseases are judged according to different expressions, after corresponding treatment measures are taken, symptoms are observed again, and diseases, corresponding symptoms and treatment modes which are common to the vipers are shown in the following table.
| Common diseases | Corresponding symptoms | Mode of treatment |
| Pneumonia of lung | Vertical neck, lung with collapse, respiratory belt noise and increased oral secretion | Injecting ceftriaxone into ten ml, diluting with normal saline once every two days, and refrigerating the medicine |
| Enteritis (enteritis) | Emaciation, dehydration, no formation of defecation, greenness and food refusal | Feeding with gentamicin injection once a day for a period of three days |
| Coccidiosis (Coccidia) | The stool is milky white floccule with strong fishy smell | Feeding 4 ml of the injection of the nitrating file once a day |
(2) And (3) breeding the snakes in a pond for fixed cultivation: breeding snakes are bred in an isolation pond for a period of time and show no disease symptoms, the breeding snakes are combined into a breeding pond for fixed breeding, stacking and extrusion are easy to happen to the breeding snakes just entering the pond in the first few days, if the breeding snakes are not well treated, death is easy to happen, and the treatment mode can be as follows: refer to the applicant's application number CN201920432363.0 and disclose a support for breeding snakes, change the ventilative separate net in the support into the glass fiber tile, the interval between two layers of glass fiber tile is seven centimeters, the multilayer glass fiber tile can place a certain amount of kind of snakes per layer, reduce kind of snake density, the density of kind of snake is controlled at 10 per square meter, make kind of snake have sufficient space, the glass fiber tile is transparent, conveniently observe kind of snake condition, if find the condition of piling extrusion, can in time manual treatment, separate the snake.
Arranging a cold and hot partition in the culture pond, enabling a heating area at the bottom of the culture pond to occupy one fourth of the total area of the pond, enabling a hot area close to the heating area and a cold area far away from the heating area, controlling the temperature of the hot area at 29-30 ℃, controlling the temperature of the cold area at 25-27 ℃, enabling the temperature of the whole culture pond to gradually change within a certain range, facilitating self-adjustment of snakes, selecting a proper temperature area, feeding live food to stimulate the predation of the snakes in the first time, adopting a mixed alternative feeding mode of rana nigromaculata and loaches in the subsequent time, enabling the rana nigromaculata to be placed in the culture pond in a living body, enabling the snakes to be predated by themselves, (the rana nigromaculata is not high in predation difficulty, not consuming too much energy of the rana, and simultaneously keeping the predation and the vitality of the snakes), adopting no living body mode of the loaches, mixing the two foods, being easy to absorb and accelerating the weight gain of the rana, proper amount of broad-spectrum vitamins are added in the feeding of the later stage to prevent stomatitis and ecdysis unsmooth, if snakes which do not feed by themselves appear, the snakes are fed by feeding devices in different sections, the feeding devices adopt the snake feeding device disclosed in the Chinese patent with the application number of CN201920432409.9 of the applicant, after the snakes are fed by the feeding devices, symptoms and excrement of the snakes are checked, the snakes are returned to the first stage for nursing without improvement, the snakes return to the breeding pond for self-feeding, and the snakes are returned to the breeding pond.
The digestion speed of the pallas pit viper is slow, after once eating, the pallas pit viper can not be fed for 5 to 6 days, but the supply of drinking water is guaranteed, the general water supply is cool boiled, the water tray in the culture pond is disinfected once a day, and water is replaced once, the water in the water tray is not enough, the water tray is timely added, the climbing performance of the pallas pit viper is not strong, and therefore the water tray is not high easily.
(3) And (3) propagation: selecting healthy and healthy snakes from breeding snakes bred in a breeding pond as finally bred snakes, placing the selected snakes into another breeding pond, stopping feeding from about September, gradually reducing the temperature, emptying impurities in intestinal tracts along with the bred snakes, naturally sleeping the bred snakes in October, controlling the temperature of the bred snakes in hibernation to be about two to three degrees, controlling the hibernation time to be four months, breeding male snakes and female snakes separately after the bred snakes sleep to avoid premature ovulation of the female snakes, gradually increasing the feeding, gradually molting after about thirty days of sleep, breeding the male snakes, the female snakes and a fence in the first ovulation period of the female snakes, breeding the male snakes, the female snakes and the fence in uvb for one to two hours in the daytime, mostly mating in the evening, and avoiding frightening the snakes.
(4) Seedling breeding: the viper is oviparous, the born baby snakes can live independently, the baby snakes are fed in a feeding cage for temporary culture, the feeding cage adopts a plug board mode, the plug board divides the feeding cage into a plurality of small feeding cages, one baby snake is placed in one small feeding cage at the beginning (the step is important because the baby snake needs to be removed, the baby snake is placed in one small feeding cage, and the other small feeding cage is enough space and is convenient to observe and determine the state of the baby snake), the baby snakes need to be removed after birth, the baby snake can be prepared to feed every other day after the baby snake is removed (before the baby snake is removed, the baby snake is not fed, but the baby snakes need to be fed with water), the baby snakes are fed after being frozen by using a small frog or loach fry, the baby snakes are removed with the skin, after the baby snake is taken, kitchen paper at the bottom of the feeding cage is changed into fine sand, loess and the yellow soil after about 5cm is taken, a plurality of soft stones, tiles and the like are laid on the top, the baby snakes are very sensitive to temperature, the temperature and the heat preservation and the ventilation of the feeding cage are strengthened, wrap up the pearl cotton in the outside of rearging cage, convenient heat preservation, the blow vent is left at the rearging cage top, still set up temperature and humidity sensor in the rearging cage and detect the temperature and humidity in the rearging cage, controlled temperature is 28 to 30 degrees, humidity is at 80%, the snake seedling is in comfortable environment, vitality, the appetite desire, digestion speed all need be strong, grow up faster (if the snake seedling is not enough for growing up, the size is thin and small, then the survival rate of surviving winter for the first time is very low, therefore the seedling breeds the most crucial be exactly will make the snake seedling grow up fast and increase weight).
When the young snakes are small, the low feeding density (one young snake in a small feeding cage) is adopted, attention is paid to observation, all the young snakes are guaranteed to have food in the feeding process, more energy is needed to be invested in the stage to ensure the survival rate of the snakes, the frogs or the loach fries can be slowly fed while trying to place the dead frogs or the loach fries in the feeding cage, the frogs or the loach fries are stirred by a stick to observe whether the snakes take food actively, the feeding of the actively-taking snakes can be stopped gradually, a small number of the actively-taking snakes are placed into a small feeding cage, the feeding density is improved, and the snakes take food actively, compared with the feeding mode, the time is less, the energy is reduced correspondingly, the growth speed of the snake seedlings is high, and meanwhile, attention needs to be paid to the situation of the phases of the snake seedlings which are just put together, and some strong aggressive individuals are separately raised at first.
The weight of the snake seedlings is regularly weighed, the snake seedlings with approximate weight are fed in a small feeding cage, and along with the weight increase, the plug board can be taken out, four small rearing cages are combined into a large rearing cage, a certain amount of snake seedlings are reared in the large rearing cage, according to the mode, the number of the small rearing cages contained in the large rearing cage is gradually increased along with the growth of the snake seedlings, and the number of the snake seedlings in one large rearing cage is increased to improve the rearing density, in the process, the snakes which can be actively fed later are added into a proper feeding cage according to the weight, meanwhile, some small (such as eating late actively and growing slowly) snakes are released and eliminated, one month is taken as a period, the weight can not be doubled after one month, can be released and eliminated, and even if the snakes are put into energy for feeding, the survival rate of the snakes in the first wintering is still very low and is only about 50 percent.
After the snakes grow, the snakes live through the first overwintering in the breeding box, in the process of the snakes live through the winter, the temperature of the breeding box is controlled to be 3-5 ℃, bulbs of about 40 watts are adopted, a layer of dark paper is wrapped outside the bulbs, the bulbs are fixed below air vents of the breeding cage, the breeding cage needs to have a certain height, the bulbs and the bottom surface are guaranteed to have a distance of about 30cm, the inserting plates are taken out, small breeding cages are combined into a large breeding cage, (when the snakes live through the winter, a large number of inserting plates are taken out, at the moment, one large breeding cage comprises about 30-40 small breeding cages), the number of the bulbs is that four small breeding cages correspond to one bulb, meanwhile, the temperature sensor detects the temperature in the breeding cage, all the bulbs are divided into two groups, one group is normally opened, and the other group is intermittently opened, so that the temperature is adjusted.
And (3) the snakes are overwintering for the first time in the rearing cage, after sleeping, the food supply is gradually recovered, the snakes are reared in summer until the snakes grow to the stage of medium-sized and large snakes, the snakes can be transferred from the rearing cage to the breeding pond, the breeding pond refers to the arrangement in the step (2), feeding is carried out at regular time, and the health condition of the snakes is noticed.
(5) Daily management: regular disinfection of rearing cage, breed pond, clearance excrement, the health and the feed condition of observing the snake, in time keep apart and cure sick snake, disinfect and evenly sprinkle 3% potassium permanganate solution with the spray bottle, when shifting the snake, use the capture instrument, can not bare-handed snatch, avoid being bitten.
Claims (6)
1. An artificial breeding method of vipers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) isolating and feeding the breeding snakes: before the breeding snakes enter the culture pond, the breeding snakes need to be separately and temporarily cultured in an isolation pond and repelled, meanwhile, whether bacterial pneumonia, enteritis and coccidia exist or not is observed, whether diseases exist in the breeding snakes or not and what diseases the breeding snakes suffer from are judged according to different expressions, then, corresponding treatment measures are taken, and symptoms are observed again;
(2) and (3) breeding the snakes in a pond for fixed cultivation: breeding snakes in an isolation pond for a period of time, showing no disease symptoms, placing the breeding snakes in a breeding pond for fixed breeding, giving enough sheltering space when the breeding snakes just entering the pond are easy to be piled and squeezed in the first few days, arranging cold and hot subareas in the pond, keeping the temperature of a hot area at 29-30 ℃, keeping the temperature of a cold area at 25-27 ℃, feeding live food for the first time, subsequently adopting a mixed and alternate feeding mode of rana nigromaculata and loach, disinfecting a water tray of the breeding pond once a day, and feeding water by cold boiled water;
(3) and (3) propagation: selecting a snake which is artificially fed for a long time, is robust and has no diseases, stopping feeding from about September, stopping feeding until October, naturally hibernating the breeding snake, controlling the temperature of the breeding snake during hibernation to be two to three degrees, feeding male and female snakes separately after the breeding snake goes out of sleep, gradually increasing the feeding, feeding the male snake, the female snake and the breeding pen after ecdysis comes, and feeding the male snake, the female snake and the breeding pen for one to two hours by using uvb in the daytime;
(4) seedling breeding: temporarily breeding the snakes in a breeding cage, preparing feeding every other day after removing the fetal membranes, freezing the snakes or the loach seedlings, thawing, irrigating and feeding to strengthen the heat preservation and ventilation of the breeding cage, breeding the snakes which are actively fed for the first time according to whether the snakes can be actively fed or not, improving the breeding density, and gradually improving the breeding density along with the growth of the snakes, wherein the snakes live through the winter for the first time in the breeding cage, and the temperature of the breeding cage is controlled to be 3-5 ℃;
(5) daily management: regularly disinfecting and cleaning the feeding cage and the culture pond, observing the health and feeding condition of the snakes, and timely isolating and treating the sick snakes; the rearing cage in step (4) is equipped with the detachable picture peg, and the picture peg separates into a plurality of little rearing cages with the rearing cage, and a little rearing cage corresponds a snake seedling when snake seedling is initial, the mode that improves rearing density in step (4) is: taking out the plugboard, combining a plurality of small rearing cages into a large rearing cage, and rearing a certain number of snake seedlings in the large rearing cage, so as to improve rearing density, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the young snakes are small, the low feeding density is adopted, one young snake is placed in a small feeding cage, attention is paid to observation, all the young snakes are guaranteed to have food in the feeding process, in the stage, more energy is needed to be invested to ensure the survival rate of the snakes, the frogs or the loach fries are adopted to feed slowly while trying to place the dead frogs or the loach fries in the feeding cage, the frogs or the loach fries are stirred by a stick to observe whether the snakes take food actively or not, the feeding of the actively-taking snakes is stopped gradually, a small number of actively-taking snakes are placed into a small feeding cage to improve the feeding density and the feeding density, and the snakes take food actively, compared with the feeding mode, the time is less, the energy is reduced correspondingly, the growth speed of the snake seedlings is high, and meanwhile, attention needs to be paid to the situation of the phases of the snake seedlings which are just put together, and some strong aggressive individuals are separately raised firstly; regularly weigh the weight of snake seedling, raise the snake seedling that weight is close in a little rearging cage, along with the increase of weight, take off the picture peg, merge four little rearging cages into a big rearging cage, raise the snake seedling of a certain amount in a big rearging cage, according to this mode, along with the growth of snake seedling, the little rearging cage quantity that big rearging cage contains is increased gradually, increase the snake seedling quantity in a big rearging cage simultaneously, improve and raise the density, the snake seedling that follow-up ability initiative feed in this in-process is according to weight, add to suitable rearging cage, put out some small-size snake seedlings of elimination simultaneously.
2. The artificial cultivation method of agkistrodon halys as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method of giving sufficient evasive space in step (2) is: the method adopts a plurality of layers of glass fiber tiles, the interval between two layers of glass fiber tiles is seven centimeters, and the density of snakes on each layer of glass fiber tile is controlled to be 10 per square meter.
3. The artificial breeding method of vipers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alternate feeding mode of rana nigromaculata and loach in step (2) is: a certain amount of living rana nigromaculata is placed in the culture pond for the snakes to freely prey, and dead rana nigromaculata and loaches are mixed and alternately fed.
4. The artificial breeding method of vipers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the corresponding symptoms of pneumonia, enteritis and coccidia in step (1) are: the neck is vertical, the lung is collapsed, the respiratory belt has noise, and the oral secretion is increased; emaciation, dehydration, defecation without formation, greening and food refusal; the excrement is milky white floccule with strong fishy smell.
5. The artificial cultivation method for Agkistrodon halys as claimed in claim 2 or 4, wherein the corresponding treatment modes of pneumonia, enteritis and coccidium in step (1) are respectively: the ceftriaxone is injected into ten milliliters and diluted by normal saline once every two days; feeding with gentamicin injection once a day for a period of three days; 4 ml of the injection is fed by a nitrating file once a day.
6. The artificial breeding method of vipers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insect repelling in step (1) is: feeding serpentuator at a frequency of once every two days for three times.
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| CN202958405U (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2013-06-05 | 昭衍（苏州）新药研究中心有限公司 | Individual-feeding and group-feeding universal animal feeding cage |
| CN205547030U (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-09-07 | 四川农业大学 | Snake class frame breeding device |
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| CN202958405U (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2013-06-05 | 昭衍（苏州）新药研究中心有限公司 | Individual-feeding and group-feeding universal animal feeding cage |
| CN205547030U (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-09-07 | 四川农业大学 | Snake class frame breeding device |
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