CN108739648B - All-range planar dry-farming process for laying ducks - Google Patents

All-range planar dry-farming process for laying ducks Download PDF

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CN108739648B
CN108739648B CN201810557813.9A CN201810557813A CN108739648B CN 108739648 B CN108739648 B CN 108739648B CN 201810557813 A CN201810557813 A CN 201810557813A CN 108739648 B CN108739648 B CN 108739648B
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CN108739648A (en
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陈培赛
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Anhui Binjiang Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02Breeding vertebrates

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Abstract

The invention provides a full-range planar dry-farming process for laying ducks, which comprises the following steps: the breeding area comprises an activity area and an egg laying area; the movable area adopts a net bed structure, a dung scraping device is arranged below the net bed, and dung scraped out is dried by exposure and then mixed with dry soil according to the ratio of 1: 5-10 to obtain a dry dung mixture; the area of the egg laying area is consistent with that of the active area and is connected without barriers, the egg laying area uses a mixture of rice straws, rice chaff, hay and dry manure as padding, and the height of the padding is 10-20 cm; the egg laying time is 2-5 am, and the light is kept dim; a fence house is covered above the breeding area, and isolation is arranged on the periphery of the fence house; temperature control equipment is installed in the stall, the temperature is reduced to below 30 ℃ in summer, and air exhaust equipment is installed in the stall; a humidity control device is arranged above the active area, and clean water is sprayed at regular time; cutting off the beak when the hair is eaten; the drinking water pipe is placed on the net bed in the activity area, and the feed barrel is placed in the activity area or the egg laying area.

Description

All-range planar dry-farming process for laying ducks
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry, in particular to a full-range planar dry-farming process for laying ducks.
Background
At present, full dry farming is not realized in plane farming, and a small swimming pool is generally configured for egg ducks to swim. The method has the problems that the water discharge is large, water is changed for three or four days generally, a large amount of duck manure is mixed in the discharged water, the sewage treatment difficulty is large, and the cost is high. The presence of swimming pools also leads to the spread of many pathogens through the drinking water, resulting in outbreaks of epidemic diseases. The prior art is as follows: CN104521883A discloses a method for improving egg yield of meat ducks, which comprises the following steps: (1) the daily illumination time of the meat ducks is controlled to be 16-18 hours; (2) 2-5% of the drakes in the duck group are reserved; (3) the moulting period of the meat duck is controlled to be 35-45 days. Compared with the traditional breeding method, the method can obviously improve the egg yield of the meat ducks. The prior art is as follows: the invention relates to a cage-rearing and feeding management method for laying ducks, which comprises the following steps: (1) the duck cage is placed and arranged: a stair-shaped stacked multi-layer cage arrangement mode is adopted, gaps of duck cages on one side facing the feeding groove are arranged into a circular shape, and a spraying device is arranged in the middle position above each layer of duck cages; (2) putting the cage on; (3) daily feeding management: gradually reducing the feeding amount 15 days before the egg laying period, and continuously reducing the feeding amount to 20% of the daily feeding amount 1 week before the egg laying period; (4) feeding management in the egg producing period; (5) illumination: manually controlling an illumination system to illuminate for 2 hours before 15 days of the early egg laying period, and then controlling the laying ducks to be in a dark environment for 6 hours, wherein the light and the shade are mutually crossed; the illumination time is not less than 12h every day when the egg laying initial stage begins; the daily illumination time in the middle period and the later period of egg laying is not less than 16 h; (6) (ii) temperature; (7) humidity.
However, with intensive duck breeding, especially the popularization and application of intensive egg duck breeding, the water breeding mode of egg ducks brings about a plurality of disadvantages: firstly, the laying ducks are raised at high density, so that the excrement of the laying ducks is intensively discharged in a water body with a limited area, the eutrophication of the water body is caused, and the natural environment is damaged; secondly, the content of various pathogenic microorganisms in the water body for stocking the laying ducks seriously exceeds the standard by a high-density feeding mode, so that the epidemic disease of the laying ducks is high, and the death and culling rate is increased.
The traditional dry-breeding mode solves the problem that the laying ducks depend on water sources, but the intestinal tract diseases and the reproductive tract diseases of the laying ducks are high due to the fact that the water sources are not cleaned, the mortality rate and the elimination rate of the laying ducks are increased, and the high-yield laying ducks are easy to be attacked and eliminated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a full-range planar dry-breeding process for laying ducks, which can keep the laying ducks healthy and high in yield by improving duck houses and padding and controlling temperature and humidity, and can obtain economic and ecological benefits.
In order to solve the technical problem, the following technical scheme is provided:
a full-range planar dry-breeding process for laying ducks is characterized in that a breeding area comprises a moving area and an egg laying area; the active area adopts a net bed structure, and the mesh is 2-4 cm; a manure scraping device is arranged below the net bed, the scraped manure part is dried by exposure and then mixed with dry soil according to the ratio of 1: 5-10 to obtain a dry manure mixture, and the rest part is fermented and then used as fertilizer in the peripheral farmland; the area of the egg laying area is consistent with that of the active area and is connected without barriers, the egg laying area uses a mixture of straws, rice chaffs, hay and dry manure as padding, the weight ratio of the mixture of the straws, the rice chaffs, the hay and the dry manure is 5-10: 2-5, and the height of the padding is 10-20 cm; the egg laying time is 2-5 am, and the light is kept dim; a fence house is covered above the breeding area, and isolation is arranged on the periphery of the fence house; temperature control equipment is installed in the stall, the temperature is reduced to below 30 ℃ in summer, and air exhaust equipment is installed in the stall; a humidity control device is arranged above the active area, and clean water is sprayed at regular time; cutting off the beak when the hair is eaten; the drinking water pipe is placed on the net bed in the activity area, and the feed barrel is placed in the activity area or the egg laying area.
Further, the scraped manure part is dried by exposure and then mixed with dry soil according to the ratio of 1:7.5 to obtain a dry manure mixture.
Further, the padding comprises straw, rice chaff, hay and dry excrement mixture according to the weight ratio of 7.5: 2.5.
Furthermore, the stocking density is 10-20 per square meter.
Further, the laying period was kept dim with a light-shielding plate.
Further, the net bed is an antibacterial plastic net.
Further, clean water was sprayed 3 times a day, with spraying being performed as a humidifier, each time for 15 minutes.
The active area of the invention needs to adopt a net bed structure, and the mesh is 2-4 cm. The excrement scraping device is arranged below the net bed, so that the air in the stall is prevented from being polluted by ammonia gas; the area of the egg laying area is consistent with that of the active area and is connected without barriers, and the egg laying area generally uses rice straws, rice chaffs and hay as padding; the egg laying time is generally 2-5 am, and the light should be kept dim to prevent the anus pecking from being inflamed; the movable area and the egg laying area are called a raising area together, a stall house is covered above the raising area to realize rain and sewage separation, and the periphery of the stall house is isolated to prevent wind and rain; temperature control equipment is arranged in the hurdle, and the temperature is reduced to below 30 ℃ in summer; the hurdle is provided with an exhaust device to prevent ammonia gas and odor from accumulating in the hurdle to influence the health of the laying ducks; the beak should be cut off in time when the hair is eaten; the drinking water pipe is placed on the net bed in the moving area to allow the laying ducks to freely drink water, and the feed barrel can be placed in the moving area or the egg laying area; the scraped-off manure is generally fermented and then used as fertilizer in the surrounding farmland.
The dung part scraped out in the invention is dried by insolation and then mixed with dry soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 5-10 to obtain dry dung mixture, the straw, rice chaff, hay and dry dung mixture are used as padding materials according to the weight ratio of 5-10: 2-5, compared with the conventional technology, the padding material mixed with part of the dry dung mixture can effectively promote laying ducks to lay eggs in specific places, and improve the laying rate and the integrity rate, thereby improving the yield. The proportion needs to be controlled within a certain range, and too much causes harmful odor and too little causes the invention effect not to be well realized. Rice chaff has still been added in the bedding and padding to can control the dryness, prevent that the bacterium from excessively breeding.
According to the invention, the laying ducks can be full of vitality by controlling the temperature and the humidity, and the growth and the health of the laying ducks are promoted, so that the egg yield is improved.
The method realizes the dry breeding of the laying ducks in the whole process, keeps high yield or peak period of the laying ducks, keeps the egg shells of the duck eggs clean and tidy, has low damage rate, reduces the amount of excrement, is simple to treat, completely realizes the isolation of the laying ducks from the outside and has less epidemic diseases.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A full-range planar dry-breeding process for laying ducks is characterized in that a breeding area comprises a moving area and an egg laying area; the active area adopts a net bed structure, and the mesh is 3 centimeters; a manure scraping device is arranged below the net bed, the scraped manure part is exposed and dried and then mixed with dry soil according to the ratio of 1:7.5 to obtain a dry manure mixture, and the rest part is fermented and then used as fertilizer in the peripheral farmland; the area of the egg laying area is consistent with that of the active area and is connected without barriers, the egg laying area uses a mixture of straws, rice chaffs, hay and dry manure as padding, the weight ratio of the mixture of the straws, the rice chaffs, the hay and the dry manure is 7.5:2.5, and the height of the padding is 15 cm; the egg laying time is 2-5 am, and the light is kept dim; a fence house is covered above the breeding area, and isolation is arranged on the periphery of the fence house; temperature control equipment is installed in the stall, the temperature is reduced to below 30 ℃ in summer, and air exhaust equipment is installed in the stall; a humidity control device is arranged above the active area, and clean water is sprayed at regular time; cutting off the beak when the hair is eaten; the drinking water pipe is placed on the net bed in the activity area, and the feed barrel is placed in the activity area or the egg laying area. The stocking density is 15 per square meter. The net bed is an antibacterial plastic net. Spraying clean water 3 times daily, and spraying in humidifier form for 15 min each time.
Example 2
A full-range planar dry-breeding process for laying ducks is characterized in that a breeding area comprises a moving area and an egg laying area; the active area adopts a net bed structure, and the mesh is 2 cm; a manure scraping device is arranged below the net bed, the scraped manure part is dried by exposure and then mixed with dry soil according to the ratio of 1: 10 to obtain a dry manure mixture, and the rest part is fermented and then used as fertilizer in the peripheral farmland; the area of the egg laying area is consistent with that of the active area and is connected without barriers, the egg laying area uses a mixture of straws, rice chaffs, hay and dry manure as padding, the weight ratio of the mixture of the straws, the rice chaffs, the hay and the dry manure is 5: 10: 2: 5, and the height of the padding is 10 cm; the egg laying time is 2-5 am, and the light is kept dim; a fence house is covered above the breeding area, and isolation is arranged on the periphery of the fence house; temperature control equipment is installed in the stall, the temperature is reduced to below 30 ℃ in summer, and air exhaust equipment is installed in the stall; a humidity control device is arranged above the active area, and clean water is sprayed at regular time; cutting off the beak when the hair is eaten; the drinking water pipe is placed on the net bed in the activity area, and the feed barrel is placed in the activity area or the egg laying area. The stocking density is 20 per square meter. The net bed is an antibacterial plastic net. Spraying clean water 3 times daily, and spraying in humidifier form for 15 min each time.
Example 3
A full-range planar dry-breeding process for laying ducks is characterized in that a breeding area comprises a moving area and an egg laying area; the active area adopts a net bed structure, and the meshes are 4 cm; a manure scraping device is arranged below the net bed, the scraped manure part is exposed and dried and then mixed with dry soil according to the ratio of 1: 5 to obtain a dry manure mixture, and the rest part is fermented and then used as fertilizer in the peripheral farmland; the area of the egg laying area is consistent with that of the active area and is connected without barriers, the egg laying area uses a mixture of straws, rice chaffs, hay and dry manure as padding, the weight ratio of the mixture of the straws, the rice chaffs, the hay and the dry manure is 10: 5:2, and the height of the padding is 20 cm; the egg laying time is 2-5 am, and the light is kept dim; a fence house is covered above the breeding area, and isolation is arranged on the periphery of the fence house; temperature control equipment is installed in the stall, the temperature is reduced to below 30 ℃ in summer, and air exhaust equipment is installed in the stall; a humidity control device is arranged above the active area, and clean water is sprayed at regular time; cutting off the beak when the hair is eaten; the drinking water pipe is placed on the net bed in the activity area, and the feed barrel is placed in the activity area or the egg laying area. The stocking density is 10 per square meter. The net bed is an antibacterial plastic net. Spraying clean water 3 times daily, and spraying in humidifier form for 15 min each time.
Comparative example 1
Essentially the same process as in example 1, except that no dry manure was added to the dry manure mixture.
Comparative example 2
Essentially the same procedure as in example 1, except that the dry manure mixture has a dry manure to dry soil ratio of 1: 1.
Comparative example 3
The process is basically the same as that of example 1, except that no rice chaff is added into the padding.
Comparative example 4
Essentially the same process as in example 1, except that no humidity control was performed.
The simulated feeding test was carried out for examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4, and the results were as follows, with 1.5 to 1.7 kg of female ducks and 500-day-old ducks per 50 laying ducks.
Figure BDA0001681788240000071
The method realizes the dry breeding of the laying ducks in the whole process, keeps the high yield of the laying ducks, keeps the egg shells of the ducks clean and tidy, has low breakage rate, reduces the amount of excrement, is simple to treat, completely isolates the laying ducks from the outside and has less epidemic diseases.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (5)

1. A full-range planar dry-breeding process for laying ducks is characterized in that a breeding area comprises a moving area and an egg laying area; the active area adopts a net bed structure, and the mesh is 2-4 cm; a manure scraping device is arranged below the net bed, the scraped manure part is exposed and dried and then mixed with dry soil according to the ratio of 1:7.5 to obtain a dry manure mixture, and the rest part is fermented and then used as fertilizer in the peripheral farmland; the area of the egg laying area is consistent with that of the active area and is connected without barriers, the egg laying area uses a mixture of straws, rice chaffs, hay and dry excrement as padding, and the weight ratio of the mixture of the straws, the rice chaffs, the hay and the dry excrement is 7.5: 7.5:2.5: 2.5, and the height of the padding is 10-20 cm; the egg laying time is 2-5 am, and the light is kept dim; a fence house is covered above the breeding area, and isolation is arranged on the periphery of the fence house; temperature control equipment is installed in the stall, the temperature is reduced to below 30 ℃ in summer, and air exhaust equipment is installed in the stall; a humidity control device is arranged above the active area, and clean water is sprayed at regular time; cutting off the beak when the hair is eaten; the drinking water pipe is placed on the net bed in the activity area, and the feed barrel is placed in the activity area or the egg laying area.
2. The full-range planar dry-breeding process for laying ducks according to claim 1, wherein the stocking density is 10-20 per square meter.
3. The preparation method of the whole-course planar dry-farming process for laying ducks according to claim 1, wherein the light shading is kept by using a light shading plate during the laying period.
4. The process for full-range planar dry-farming of laying ducks according to claim 1, wherein the net bed is an antibacterial plastic net.
5. The whole-process planar dry-farming process for laying ducks according to claim 1, wherein the spraying of clean water is performed 3 times per day and the spraying is performed in the form of a humidifier for 15 minutes each time.
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CN109479820A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-03-19 赵永祥 A kind of feeding technique of laying duck whole process plane drought
CN110338145B (en) * 2019-07-29 2022-02-01 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 Method for feeding Jiaji ducks by using net bed
CN110973050A (en) * 2019-11-25 2020-04-10 湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 Half-net-bed breeding method and system for laying ducks

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SU1692450A1 (en) * 1983-04-07 1991-11-23 Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский и технологический институт птицеводства Method for obtaining mulards
CN1943325B (en) * 2006-10-20 2010-05-12 江宵兵 Ground raising equipment for egg ducle in pens and its raising method
CN101796936B (en) * 2010-01-18 2013-05-22 内蒙古塞飞亚食品有限责任公司 Scale duck cultivation by fermenting packing
CN201709238U (en) * 2010-07-23 2011-01-19 山东省农业科学院家禽研究所 Device for dry-breeding on net inside egg duck house
CN201846680U (en) * 2010-10-03 2011-06-01 赵克学 Biological environment-friendly colony house for breeding ducks
CN102027889A (en) * 2010-10-03 2011-04-27 赵克学 Cultural method of meat ducks by using biological fermentation bed
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