CN1112367A - 纤维素纤维 - Google Patents

纤维素纤维 Download PDF

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CN1112367A
CN1112367A CN94190487A CN94190487A CN1112367A CN 1112367 A CN1112367 A CN 1112367A CN 94190487 A CN94190487 A CN 94190487A CN 94190487 A CN94190487 A CN 94190487A CN 1112367 A CN1112367 A CN 1112367A
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cellulose
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H·吕夫
M·艾布尔
R·于尔科维克
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Lianjinge
Lenzing AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种借助挤压纤维素叔胺氧化物溶 液通过喷丝头的纺丝孔，并在加压下将由此挤压成的 细丝穿过气缝送入沉降槽而生产纤维素纤维的一种 方法，其特征在于按数学表达式 51.4+0.033XD+1937XM2-7.18XT-0.094XL-2.50XF+0.045XF2不超过10进行本方法，其中D是以微米计的纺丝孔直径；M是每个纺丝孔以克/分钟计的胶状物输出量，T是以分特计的单根单长纤维的纤度，L是以毫米计的气缝宽度，F是以克水/千克空气计的气缝中空气的湿度，条件是气缝宽度大于30毫米，本方法可生产具有很弱的纤维化倾向的纤维素纤维。

Description

纤维素纤维
本发明涉及纤维素纤维及其生产方法，本法是将纤维素的一种叔胺氧化物溶液挤入喷丝头的纺丝孔，并在加压下将由此挤压成的细丝穿过气缝送入沉降槽中。
近年来，已经介绍了许多生产粘胶纤维的工艺过程，其中一个可供选择的、不产生衍生物的方法是将纤维素溶于一种有机溶剂、一种有机溶剂和无机盐的混合物或盐水溶液中。由这类溶液制成的纤维素纤维已被BISFA(国际人造纤维标准化局)承认，属名为Lyocell。BISFA规定由一种有机溶剂的纺丝过程制得的纤维素纤维为Lyocell。BISFA认为“有机溶剂”系指一种有机化学品和水的混合物，“溶剂纺丝”指无衍生物产生的溶解和纺丝过程。
然而，到目前为止，只有一种Lyocell类纤维素纤维的生产方法实现了工业规模。该法用N氧化N甲基吗啡啉(NMMO)作溶剂，并已见诸专利中，例如US-A-4,246,221。该法提供了具有高抗拉强度、高湿模量和高钩接强度性能的纤维。
然而，由于上述纤维在潮湿状态下有明显的纤维化倾向，从而大大地限制了用该纤维制平整纤维织品(如纤织物)的实用性。纤维化指纤维在潮湿状态时，受机械应力会发生纵向断裂，因此纤维变得多丝、多毛。由这种纤维织染的纤织物洗几次就会大大褪色。另外，在磨损处和多折皱的边缘会形成浅色条。其原因可能是纤维由原纤维组成，这些原纤维被排列在纤维轴的纵向上而彼此之间却无交联。
WO 92/14871描述了一种可使纤维化倾向减少的纤维生产方法。该法是使纤维在第一次烘干前与其接触的所有的槽的PH值均维持在不大于8.5。
WO 92/07124也描述了一种生产纤维化倾向低的纤维的方法。该法是用阳离子聚合物处理未烘干的纤维，可用咪唑和氮杂环丁烷类聚合物。另外，还可用诸如聚乙烯或聚醋酸乙烯酯或与乙二醛交联的聚合物等可乳化的聚合物进行处理。
1993年S.Mortimer在瑞典Lund纤维素会议上的报告中提到了纤维化倾向随拉伸增大而增大。
现有的Lyocell类纤维素纤维在纤维化倾向方面还有待改进。这样，本发明的目的就是提供一种可进一步降低纤维化倾向的Lyocell类纤维素纤维。
本目的是在本文开始时描述的方法中，通过按以下数学表达式不超过10进行该方法而达到的。
51.4+0.033XD+1937XM2-7.18XT-0.094XL-2.50XF+0.045XF2其中，D是以微米计的纺丝孔的直径；M是以克/分钟的每孔胶状物输出量；T是以分特计的单根细丝的纤度；L是以毫米计的气缝宽度；F是以克水/千克空气计的气缝中空气的湿度，条件是气缝宽度大于30毫米。
本发明基于这样一个发现，即通过调节纺丝参数，可有利地影响纤维素纤维的结构，从而形成一种纤维化倾向低的纤维。
本发明的一个可优先选用的具体方案是，在实施本方法时，使上述数学公式给出的数值不大于5。
上述数学表达式使滴定度、纺丝孔的胶状物输出量、气缝宽度和气缝中的湿度等所有参数均与纤维的纤维化特性有关，且相互关联，即调节一个参数若对纤维化有消极影响，可以通过适当调节另一个或多个其他参数加以补偿。自然，受经济或技术环境影响，会有一个调节范围。例如，0.01克/孔/分钟的胶状物流量提供了很好的降低纤维化倾向的纤维的纺丝条件，但由于经济原因是不合适的。因此，优选的胶状物流量为从0.025到0.05克/孔/分钟。
也已表明，气缝宽度大，对纤维化特性有积极的影响，但在纤维喷丝头上孔间距小时，会导致纺丝故障相对频繁。因此，优选的气缝宽度小于100毫米。
至于气缝中的空气湿度，在喷丝头的纺丝孔直径小或胶状物流量最低时，普通室内湿度就足够了。当流量较高或使用直径为70至130微米的易于使用的喷丝头时，优选的空气湿度为20至30克水/千克空气。气缝中的温度是精选过的，不得低于露点，也就是使气缝中没有水会凝结。另一方面，也不会因为温度太高而增加纺丝困难。可在10～60℃间调节，优选的温度在20～40℃之间。
按照本发明方法，可以处理所有已知的纤维素胶状物。这些胶状物可含有5～25％的纤维素。然而，纤维素含量最好在10％至18％。可以用硬木或软木作为生产的纤维素原料，纤维素的聚合度可以在常用的市售产品的范围内。然而，纤维素分子量较高时，纺丝特性较好。纺丝温度可按纤维素聚合度和溶液浓度保持在75～140℃内，也可简单地对每一种纤维素和每一种浓度，将纺丝温度调至最佳值。当纤维的纤度固定时，在气缝中的拉伸率，由纺丝孔的直径和纤维素溶液的浓度决定。然而，在优选的纤维素浓度范围内，没有发现纤维素溶液的浓度对纤维化特性有任何影响，其条件是纺丝温度应在最佳范围内。
下面，将对本发明的测试方法和优选的具体方案作进一步描述。纤维化的评定
在下列测试中模拟了清洗过程和精整过程中纤维处于潮湿状态下相互间的磨损情况：8根纤维和4毫升水被放入20毫升样品瓶中，在波恩(德)Gerhardt公司的RO-10型实验室机械振动试验器上振动了3个小时，振动级别为12。随后，纤维的纤维化特性用显微镜通过计算每0.276毫米纤维长度上的纤丝数目这一方法加以评定。纺织原料数据
纤维在断裂时的抗拉强度和纤维伸张度按BISFA《粘胶、湿模量、铜氨、Lyocell、醋酸纤维素和三醋酸酯纤维和纤维束测试方法的国际协定》(1993年版)的规定测试。实例1～29
在115℃的温度下，用12％的亚硫酸盐纤维素溶液和硫酸盐纤维素溶液(水12％，NNMO76％)纺丝。纺丝装置系为Davenport公司的一般用于塑料加工的熔体流指数装置。这种装置由盛放胶状物的加热式控温圆筒组成。使用一个可加压的活塞将胶状物从筒底的喷丝头中挤出。这个过程被称为于/湿纺丝过程，因为由此挤压成的细丝一旦通过气缝，就被浸渍在纺丝槽中。
用不同的喷丝头直径、胶状物输出量、细丝纤度、气缝宽度和湿度，进行了29次试验，结果列于表1。“纤丝”栏系为276微米纤维长度上纤丝的平均数。表1实例      孔直径      输出量      纤度      气缝      湿度      纤丝1         130         0,014       2,16      85        39        4,82         130         0,014       2,13      130       16        0,43         130         0,015       2,37      40        21        0,84(C)      130         0,041       1,23      85        0         385         130         0,043       2,14      85        21        0,46         130         0,043       2,13      85        20        1,67         130         0,042       2,08      85        20        0,38         130         0,041       2,03      85        20        5,49         130         0,039       1,94      85        19        5,010        130         0,042       2,95      40        19        0,811        130         0,039       3,09      85        40        3,512(C)     130         0,102       2,21      130       21        1813(C)     130         0,102       2,22      85        0         5414(C)     130         0,100       2,23      85        38        2215        50          0,015       2,37      85        18        3,216        50          0,043       2,28      130       18        0,017        50          0,045       2,41      40        20        0,618        50          0,042       2,25      85        40        0,019        50          0,041       2,88      85        18        0,020(C)     250         0,040       1,32      85        20        1421        250         0,041       2,35      130       18        2,722(C)     250         0,041       2,18      40        22        1423        250         0,040       2,93      85        19        0,824        200         0,017       2,00      85        21        0,025        200         0,041       1,30      85        20        8,026        200         0,041       2,17      130       18        0,827        200         0,040       2,14      40        19        1028        200         0,041       2,90      85        20        0,629(C)     200         0,100       2,16      85        22        19
表中的纺丝孔直径用微米、输出量用胶状物克/孔/分钟、纤度用分特、气缝用毫米、湿度用克水/千克空气表示，“纤丝”栏中的数字系大量结果的平均数。实例4，12，13，14，20，22和29是对照实例。其他所有实例均为本发明结果，将相应参数代入建立的经验数学表达式，给出的数值都低于10。由表可见，本发明的纤维素纤维在测试中出现的纤丝数比对照纤维少得多。实例30～41
这些实例进行方式与实例1～29相似，如所示调节参数。“纤丝”栏中系指276微米纤维上的纤丝的平均数。
                    表2实例    孔直径    输出量    纤度    间隙    湿度    纤丝30(C)   130       0,045     1,8     12      5,3     2731(C)   130       0,045     1,8     12      4,0     4332      100       0,026     1,7     60      23,5    2,833(C)   100       0,025     1,7     45      13,4    1634      100       0,025     1,7     60      25,4    3,235(C)   100       0,025     1,7     30      13,3    15,136(C)   100       0,025     1,7     30      12,7    1937      100       0,025     1,7     60      24,4    1,938(C)   100       0,049     1,7     90      0,5     3439      100       0,049     3,2     90      19,0    040      100       0,041     1,8     90      29,0    0,941      130       0,025     1,3     90      30,0    3,2
纺丝参数的单位与表1相同。
实例30，31，33，35，36和38不满足本发明使用的数学表达式，系指对照实例。由表可见，这些纤维的纤丝数增大(每276微米纤维长度上的纤丝数大于10)。
表3中的特征纤维参数系指表2中的纤维。
               表3实例      纤维断裂时的      纤维断裂时的      纤维抗拉强度      纤维延伸率
      抗拉强度cN/tex    拉伸率    ％      湿cN/tex          湿    ％30(C)     46,1              10,5              33,8              14,231(C)     50                11,3              41,4              1432        31,9              17,7              27,5              24,533(C)     34,3              15,2              29,1              23,534        28,8              16,5              24,5              21,835(C)     34,1              14,8              29,3              19,836(C)     33,3              16,3              30,5              18,837        29,4              17,2              23,9              21,338(C)     30,4              11,8              22,5              14,339        25,6              15,6              19,5              22,540        24,6              14,8              18,2              21,441        28,5              15,8              24,2              20,9实例42～54
这些实例进行方式与实例1～29相似，如所示调节参数。在随后的表4中的“纤丝”栏系指276微米长纤维上的纤丝的平均数。
                       表4实例     孔直径    输出量    纤度   气缝    湿度    纤丝42(C)    100       0,025     1,7    10      13      18,043(C)    100       0,025     1,7    20      13      14,044(C)    100       0,025     1,7    25      13      9,045(C)    100       0,025     1,7    30      13      6,046       100       0,025     1,7    60      13      5,547(C)    100       0,025     1,7    10      13      19,048(C)    100       0,025     1,7    20      13      9,549(C)    100       0,025     1,7    25      13      3,550(C)    100       0,025     1,7    30      13      1,051       100       0,025     1,7    60      13      1,052(C)    100       0,025     1,7    10      20      1453(C)    100       0,025     1,7    10      20      11,054(C)    100       0,025     1,7    60      20      4,0
纺丝参数的单位与表1相同。
表4表明，一旦气缝宽度超过约25～30mm，纤丝数目显著减少。

Claims (6)

1.一种借助挤压纤维素在叔胺氧化物中的溶液通过喷丝头的纺丝孔，并在加压下将由此挤压成的细丝穿过气缝送入沉降槽而生产纤维素纤维的一种方法，其特征在于按数学表达式51.4+0.033XD+1937XM2-7.18XT-0.094XL-2.50XF+0.045XF2不超过10，进行本方法，其中D是以微米计的纺丝孔的直径；M是每个纺丝孔以克/分钟计的胶状物输出量，T是以分特计的单根细丝的纤度，L是以毫米计的气缝宽度，F是以克水/千克空气计的气缝中空气的湿度，条件是气缝宽度大于30毫米。
2.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于通过一种方式实现本方法，其数学表达式的数值不超过5。
3.权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于每个纺丝孔的胶状物输出量在0.025～0.05克/分钟之间。
4.权利要求1至3中的一种或多种方法，其特征在于提供的气缝宽度小于100毫米。
5.权利要求1或2中的一种方法，其特征在于在使用带有直径在70～130微米之间的纺丝孔的喷丝头时，气缝中空气的湿度可在20～30克水/千克空气间调节。
6.一种Lyocell类的有降低纤维化倾向的纤维素纤维，可通过权利要求1至5的方法制得。
CN94190487A 1993-07-08 1994-07-08 纤维素纤维 Expired - Lifetime CN1090249C (zh)

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