CN111227114A

CN111227114A - Preparation method of tamarind leaf powder and application of tamarind leaf powder in preparation of local chicken feed

Info

Publication number: CN111227114A
Application number: CN202010118221.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何光熊; 赵琼玲; 宋子波; 王艳丹; 杨淏舟; 岳学文; 史亮涛; 方海东; 金杰; 余建琳; 张忠乔; 付美春
Original assignee: Yunnan Maoduoli Group Food Co ltd; RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL ECO-AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES YUNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: Yunnan Maoduoli Group Food Co ltd; RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL ECO-AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES YUNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2020-02-24
Filing date: 2020-02-24
Publication date: 2020-06-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of tamarind leaf powder and application of tamarind leaf powder in preparation of local chicken feed. The preparation method comprises the following steps: collecting tamarind leaves; and (3) putting the collected tamarind leaves into a constant-temperature drying box for enzyme deactivation, naturally drying, and crushing and sieving by a crusher to obtain tamarind leaf powder. The tamarind leaf powder-based local chicken feed disclosed by the invention can improve the physique of the chicken, improve the heat stress resistance, promote the weight gain of the chicken and effectively improve the feeding efficiency of the chicken.

Description

Preparation method of tamarind leaf powder and application of tamarind leaf powder in preparation of local chicken feed

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological animal husbandry, and particularly relates to a preparation method of tamarind leaf powder and application of the tamarind leaf powder in preparation of local chicken feed.

Background

Tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica Linn), a Chinese name tamarind, a common name tamarind bean, is a legume (Leguminosae) tall evergreen tree growing in tropical and subtropical zones. Native to Africa, and abundant in India, Sri Lanka, Ceylon, Burma and other countries, most of Africa and south America have wild plant distribution, and China has plantation in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Yunnan, Sichuan and other places, especially the Hainan island is more common.

The southwest dry valley area is the main production area of tamarind in China, especially the southwest dry-hot valley. The dry and hot valley areas are dry in high temperature weather, the rainfall is small and the evaporation capacity is large all the year round, the vegetation system is weak and the water and soil loss is serious, so that the land fertility of the area soil is degraded, most of trees can not survive under the severe environment condition, and the vegetation recovery problem becomes the focus of restricting the ecological civilization construction of the area. The annual average rainfall of the dry and hot valley region is 780mm, the potential evaporation capacity is 2 times of the rainfall, and the method is an important vegetation distribution region of 'thin tree shrub and shrub (Savanna)' in the southwest of China. Tamarind is an important component of a tree in typical vegetation in an area, and the fruit of tamarind is called tamarind, is rich in various nutritional ingredients and is a local characteristic and local economic tree species. The tamarind tree has the characteristics of drought resistance and barren resistance, can play multiple functions of regulating climate, maintaining water and soil, improving soil, maintaining ecological safety, protecting biological diversity and the like of an ecological forest after the forest is grown, and has important effects on supporting construction of ecological environment of dry and hot river valleys and promoting adjustment and sustainable development of regional industrial structure. At present, tamarind trees are widely cultivated in areas such as dry and hot valley of Jinsha river and dry and hot valley of red river basin at the upstream of Yangtze river, for example, 100 hectare tamarind rain forest established in the Jinsha river basin (mainly comprising Yuanzhu section) of 2002 national institute of agriculture and sciences in Hot area, and 200 hectare tamarind artificial forest established together with the upstream of the red river basin (in New Pink county-Yuanjiang county section) of 2010 national institute of Cat Duoli and the national institute of agriculture and sciences in Yunnan province, so that an important foundation is laid for the research and development of tamarind series forest and agricultural products.

Tamarind leaf is an important component of tamarind tree, and the study and utilization technology of tamarind leaf is relatively lacking in China and abroad in the whole view. At present, researches mainly focus on the medicinal aspects of food development of tamarind (tamarind) pulp and the like, peel pigment extraction, seed polysaccharide extraction and application, tamarind tree ecological management, ornamental gardening, antibiosis and the like. Compared with the prior art, the tamarind leaf which is high in production capacity and rich in nutrient substances is discarded as waste in the whole production process of tamarind at home and abroad, especially in China, due to the fact that the tamarind leaf is seriously lack of the development and utilization research of tamarind leaf, on one hand, resource waste is caused, especially the waste of high-quality plant protein feed in dry and hot valley areas, and on the other hand, the rich-nutrient tamarind leaf waste can aggravate the organic carbon loss and the surface source pollution risk in the dry and hot areas. On the whole, the tamarind leaf eating research and feed preparation scheme is lacking at home and abroad at present.

At present, the development and utilization research on tamarind leaves at home and abroad is less, and the method is mostly described in the description of 'tender leaves and flowers of tamarind leaves are edible' or 'can be used as feed', but no effective solution is provided for the feed conversion of tamarind leaves. The existing research mainly adopts tamarind fruit pods (tamarind fruit pods) to improve the nutrition condition of a feed formula:

chowdhury et al (Chowdhury, S.R.; Sarker, D.K.; Chowdhury, S.D.; Smith, T.K.; Roy, P.K.; Wahid, M.A.,2005.Effects of secondary tamarind on cholesterol metabolism in feeding hens [ J ]. Poultry Science,84(1):56-60) provide a solution for reducing serum cholesterol concentration and improving laying performance of layers by properly adding tamarinds (tamarinds, mainly pulp and seed, at a 2% addition ratio) to the feed during layer feeding; the tamarind fruit polysaccharide has the advantages that the abundant nutrition of tamarind fruit natural pulp and the special physiological action of tamarind seed polysaccharide are utilized, the defects are that the yield of tamarind fruit is limited, the additional value is high, and researches show that tamarind fruit (tamarind fruit) has the effect of reducing cholesterol of a human body, so that the requirements of market supply on tamarind fruit pulp, tamarind seed and the like cannot be met at present, and the practical application of the scheme is hindered.

The patent discloses a feed for breeding ducks and a preparation method thereof (application number: CN 201510513938.8). The feed for breeding ducks is provided with feed added with tamarind 6-8 parts by weight in the feeding process of the ducks and is matched with 22 raw materials such as wheat flour and the like to form the feed with multiple components, mixing and rich nutrition, thereby achieving the scheme of remarkably improving the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the ducks; the disadvantages are that: firstly, the formula components are complex, so that local conditions are difficult to meet in the practical process, and raw material limitation is easy to cause. For example, the main raw materials in the formula comprise grain components such as wheat flour and corn, resource utilization components of wastes such as goose bones and sheep bones, traditional Chinese medicine components such as chamomile and angelica dahurica, high-market-value components such as jujube flower pollen and hericium erinaceus, and the like. Secondly, the complex ingredients lead to raw material limitation on one hand, and on the other hand, the high market value of many ingredients leads to increased feeding cost and increased breeding risk. If the dosage of the tamarind is 6-8 parts by weight, the mean price of the southwest dry-hot river valley in the domestic tamarind main production area is more than 15.4 yuan/kg for many years; meanwhile, the proportioning of the raw materials with high market prices such as sesame powder, hericium erinaceus and the like is more than 30 yuan/kg, which causes low input-output ratio and low benefit of duck feeding. Thirdly, the basic nutrient of the formula consists of 70-80 parts of wheat flour and 40-50 parts of corn kernels by weight, and does not meet the requirement of crude protein (mainly N element) in the general nutrient scheme of livestock and poultry feeding: the energy demand of livestock (mainly C element) is approximately equal to 1: 5, and meanwhile, from the perspective of a general nutrient analysis scheme, the formula mainly uses wheat flour, green peas, fly maggot powder, hericium erinaceus and sesame powder to provide crude protein nutrition for feeding animals, so that the price is high, the specific gravity of the grains is high, the problem of shortage of dry-hot river gluten feed cannot be solved, and the requirement of relieving the situation of 'people and livestock strive for grains' in the current breeding market cannot be met.

The feed for improving the rumen development of the dairy cows by the alfalfa saponin and the tamarind seed polysaccharide and the preparation method thereof (application number: CN201611025917.2) are characterized in that the tamarind seed polysaccharide has the characteristics of slow release, stability and strong biological activity, is used as a carrier to provide a basic support for the exertion of the biological activities of the alfalfa saponin, the blueberry extract, the acanthopanax root extract and the like in the formula, and can provide a relatively stable environment for the exertion of the functions of active components of EM bacteria, fermentation fungus chaff and the like. The disadvantages that the biological activity of the formula needs to provide rumen reaction environment for ruminants such as cattle and the like, and the formula is not suitable for feeding monogastric animals such as poultry and the like; on the other hand, from the point of view of a general nutrient analysis scheme, the main basic nutrient substances of the formula still depend on rapeseed meal, peanut cake powder, soybean meal and the like of the traditional feed raw materials to provide crude protein nutrition for the fed animals, and the problem of limitation of protein feed in animal feeding is not fundamentally solved.

In summary, the existing livestock and poultry feed preparation technology has the following characteristics: the existing feed is prepared mainly by grain supply, the raw materials are relatively stable, the preparation speed is high, the feeding effect is visual, batch production can be realized in a short time under the condition of sufficient raw materials, and the advantages of easiness in occupying market and expanding sales coverage and the like are achieved. But the disadvantages are also evident: mainly relying on food supply, regardless of environmental conditions and resource background conditions of the target treatment area, which results in: firstly, people and livestock fight for grains, and the problem of the requirement of protein feed in the market cannot be solved; secondly, the adaptability to the regional environment is lacked, for example, the common feed takes energy as the basis, in arid and hot dry and hot valley areas, the feed intake of livestock and poultry is reduced due to the high-energy feed, the heat stress is aggravated, and the like, so that the problems of low breeding benefit are caused; thirdly, waste of available agricultural resources with high quality in areas is indirectly caused; fourthly, in order to prevent the feed mainly based on grains from mildewing and deteriorating due to the influence of bacteria, fungi and insect pests, the risk of the agroecological environment problem caused by the abuse of antibiotics or the addition of copper elements is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for preparing tamarind leaf powder and its application in preparing local chicken feed.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a preparation method of tamarind leaf powder, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, collecting tamarind leaves;

and 2, putting the collected tamarind leaves into a constant-temperature drying oven for enzyme deactivation, naturally drying, and crushing and sieving by a crusher to obtain tamarind leaf powder.

Optionally, the collecting of tamarind leaves in step 1 specifically comprises: in the leaf falling period of 3-4 months per year, nylon mesh cloth with the aperture of 0.2mm is arranged under the tree to collect fallen leaves, and the strong sunshine exposure is reduced along with the collection of fallen leaves.

Optionally, the collecting of tamarind leaves in step 1 specifically comprises: when pruning and shaping the tamarind trees in 11-12 months per year, a nylon mesh cloth with the aperture of 0.2mm is arranged beside the trees in advance, the branches are covered on the nylon mesh cloth after pruning, the branches are grabbed by two hands to be mutually patted after being dried for 2-3 hours, and the leaves are collected.

Optionally, in the step 2, the enzyme deactivation temperature is 60-70 ℃, the enzyme deactivation time is 55-65min, and the mixture is sieved by a 30-50 mesh sieve.

The invention also discloses application of the tamarind leaf powder prepared by the preparation method in preparation of a local chicken feed.

Optionally, the local chicken feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-25% of tamarind leaf powder, 5-10% of corn powder and 70% of leaf vegetable agricultural and sideline products, wherein the mass percentage is 100%.

Optionally, the leaf vegetable agricultural and sideline product is Chinese cabbage leaf or purple cabbage leaf, and the Chinese cabbage leaf or purple cabbage leaf is cut into leaves with diameter of 0.6 cm.

Optionally, the local chicken feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-60% of corn, 20-30% of tamarind leaf powder, 6-7% of rapeseed meal, 6-7% of peanut meal, 5-8% of rice bran, 1% of corn oil, 1% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.7% of lysine and 0.3% of salt, wherein the mass percentage is 100%.

Optionally, the local chicken feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-60% of tamarind leaf powder, 30-35% of corn flour, 8-12% of water and 2% of wheat flour, wherein the mass percentage is 100%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:

1) the invention improves the physique of the chicken, improves the heat stress resistance, promotes the weight gain of the chicken and effectively improves the feeding efficiency of the chicken.

2) The tamarind leaves are used as plant protein feed to produce the complete formula feed for the domestic chickens, so that the growth and development of the domestic chickens can be effectively promoted in the process of promoting the production of the domestic chickens, the weight of the domestic chickens is effectively improved by prolonging the period of the quick weight growth rate of the domestic chickens, the appearance characters of 'three-long' and 'three-strong and beautiful' of the male and female domestic chickens are better improved, and the feeding efficiency and the product quality are improved; meanwhile, the tamarind leaf formula feed can effectively improve the physique and disease resistance of the domestic chicken and has good performance in stress resistance.

3) The method develops and utilizes the existing high-quality agricultural resources in the region to develop the research of the tamarind leaf 'replaceable protein feed', provides an effective scheme for the sustainable development of regional ecological animal husbandry, and has important significance for further consolidating ecological management in dry hot areas or vegetation recovery results.

Of course, it is not necessary for any one product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described technical effects simultaneously.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a cumulative weight gain curve of a local chicken in the week under different diet conditions;

fig. 2 is a change curve of the growth rate of the local chicken interpersonal weight under different diet conditions.

Detailed Description

The following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that how to implement the technical features of the present invention to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.

The invention discloses a preparation method of tamarind leaf powder, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, collecting tamarind leaves;

according to the production and management scheme of tamarind trees, the tamarind leaf raw material can be harvested for 2 times per year:

(1) in the leaf falling period of 3-4 months per year, nylon mesh cloth with the aperture of 0.2mm is arranged under the tree to collect fallen leaves, and the strong sunshine exposure is reduced along with the collection of fallen leaves.

Wherein, the common tamarind tree can rapidly complete defoliation within 1-2 weeks, the crude protein content of the tamarind leaf is slightly low in the period, and the average value can reach 18.4 +/-5.3%. Reduce the strong insolation of the sunlight so as to reduce the loss of nutrients such as vitamins and the like.

(2) When pruning and shaping the tamarind trees in 11-12 months per year, a nylon mesh cloth with the aperture of 0.2mm is arranged beside the trees in advance, the branches are covered on the nylon mesh cloth after pruning, the branches are grabbed by two hands to be mutually patted after being dried for 2-3 hours, and the leaves are collected.

In the current tamarind tree production management practice, the tamarind trees are pruned and shaped in 11-12 months, the tamarind trees are in the terminal stage of vigorous growth, the protein content of leaves can reach 26.4 percent. Tree pruning is performed more than in the early morning.

And 2, putting the collected tamarind leaves into a constant-temperature drying box at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for deactivation of enzymes for 55-65min, naturally drying, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a sieve of 30-50 meshes to obtain tamarind leaf powder, wherein the particle size is favorable for improving the utilization rate of tamarind leaf protein of the native chicken and prolonging the storage time.

The nutrients of the produced tamarind leaves are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 nutrient characteristics of tamarind leaves

The invention also discloses an application of the tamarind leaf powder in preparing a local chicken feed,

the local chicken feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-25% of tamarind leaf powder, 5-10% of corn powder and 70% of leaf vegetable agricultural and sideline products, wherein the mass percentage is 100%.

Wherein the leaf vegetable agricultural and sideline products are Chinese cabbage leaf, purple cabbage leaf, etc., and are preferably cut into 0.6cm in diameter.

The daily feeding amount is 150-.

The local chicken feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-60% of corn, 20-30% of tamarind leaf powder, 6-7% of rapeseed meal, 6-7% of peanut meal, 5-8% of rice bran, 1% of corn oil, 1% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.7% of lysine and 0.3% of salt, wherein the mass percentage is 100%. The daily feeding amount is 120-150 g/feather, and the feeding is carried out for 2-3 times/day. The feed composition and nutritional characteristics are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 feed composition and nutritional characteristics of local chicken feed

The local chicken feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-60% of tamarind leaf powder, 30-35% of corn flour, 8-12% of water and 2% of wheat flour, wherein the mass percentage is 100%.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: the weighed components are uniformly mixed, naturally fermented at room temperature for 24 hours, and made into granular feed with the diameter of 2.5-5.0 millimeters by using a granulator, and the granular feed is used as a supplement for feeding, wherein the daily feeding amount is 30-60 g/feather, and the feed is fed for 1-2 times/day.

Example 1

The preparation method of the local chicken feed comprises the following steps:

step 1, collecting tamarind leaves: according to the production and management scheme of tamarind trees, the tamarind leaf raw material can be harvested for 2 times per year;

(2) When pruning and shaping the tamarind trees in 11-12 months each year, a nylon mesh cloth with the aperture of 0.2mm is arranged beside the trees in advance, the branches are covered on the nylon mesh cloth after pruning, the branches are grabbed by two hands to be mutually clapped after being dried for 2 hours, and the leaves are collected.

And 2, putting the collected tamarind leaves into a constant-temperature drying box at the temperature of 65 ℃ for deactivation of enzymes for 60min, naturally drying, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain tamarind leaf powder, wherein the particle size is favorable for improving the utilization rate of tamarind leaf protein of the native chicken and prolonging the storage time.

The tamarind leaf powder prepared above is mixed according to the proportion in the following table 3, and directly processed into granules to prepare the feed for local chickens.

TABLE 3 diet formula and Nutrition level% MJ/kg

In order to ensure the uniformity of the test environmental conditions to the maximum extent, the complete feed of the control group is granular, and the complete formula feed scheme is selected to prepare the daily ration in the embodiment.

The technical effect of this example 1 will be described below with reference to specific experimental data:

test animals and daily rearing management

1.1 test animals

Carrying out flat culture on the net; freely drinking water; feeding at a ratio of 9:00am to 10:00am and at a ratio of 4:00pm to 5:00pm, wherein feeding is carried out at an age of 1-6 weeks according to 60-80 g/d feather, and feeding is carried out at an age of 7 weeks according to 90-120 g/d feather.

Disease prevention and treatment: managing the local chickens according to the conventional method, and feeding garlic water regularly at 1W/time; cleaning the environment at 1W/time, disinfecting the ground by using lime, and disinfecting a trough and a drinking trough after being diluted by 84 disinfectant.

2 evaluation of technical Effect

2.1 evaluation of appearance Properties and resistance

Compared with a control complete feed feeding group, the tamarind leaf feed group (example 1, the same below) is more beautiful and beautiful in appearance, longer in body, small in head, long in neck, straight and long in legs and feet, and obvious in three-long characteristic of male and female chickens; meanwhile, the tamarind leaf feed group is full and mellow in chicken shape, the whole appearance is dark, fine and glossy, the tail feather is slender and sickle-shaped, the female chicken has more feathers, is soft and slender, and the tail raising characteristic is obvious. On the other hand, the recorded results of the health conditions of the male and female chickens in the breeding process show that the incidence rate of the 'fowl plague' of the male and female chickens fed by the tamarind leaf group is 7.3%, the incidence rate of red/white dysentery is 9.2%, the incidence rate of heat stress such as syncope in high-temperature weather is lower than 3%, and the incidence rates are respectively lower than 2.6%, 5.4% and 11.4% of those of the control group, so that the chicken raising method has the effects of improving the physique and disease resistance of the domestic chickens, and has good performance in stress resistance.

The results show that the tamarind leaf feed can effectively promote the beautiful appearance and morphological construction of the male and female local chickens, and plays a better role in improving the plague resistance and dysentery resistance of the domestic chickens and reducing the heat stress reaction of the domestic chickens.

2.2 comparison of body weight changes of native chickens fed with tamarind leaf feed and control group complete feed

Statistical results show that the body weight change of native chickens fed with the tamarind leaf feed group (example 1) and the complete feed of the control group have similar change patterns (figure 1 and figure 2). From the change of the weight of the local chickens in the feeding process, the local chickens fed under the two feeding conditions can reach more than 1.0kg at the age of 16 weeks, and the average weights (1234.5 g and 1182.1g respectively) of the 16-week-old tamarind leaf feed group male chickens and female chickens are larger than those of control groups (the full ration of broiler chickens in Huagang farming and pasturing groups) male chickens and female chickens (1125.2g and 1099.3g) and respectively reach 109.3g and 82.8g (figure 1). The tamarind leaf feed has a better effect of promoting the growth of local chickens within the same feeding time. The complete daily ration for broiler chickens in Huagang farming and pasturing group comprises the following raw materials: corn, bean pulp, corn protein powder, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, soybean oil, stone powder, multiple vitamins, amino acids, calcium hydrophosphate, sodium chloride and other mineral elements and mildew preventive; the nutrient components are as follows: the crude protein is more than or equal to 20.0 percent, the primary fiber is less than or equal to 6.0 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 7.0 percent, the calcium is 0.07 to 1.20 percent, the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 0.50 percent, the sodium chloride is 0.30 to 0.90 percent, the methionine is 0.30 to 0.90 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 12.5.0 percent.

Meanwhile, analysis of change of the growth rate of the international body weight of the local chicken under different diet conditions shows that the male chicken and the female chicken have a change mode with different change of the growth rate of the international body weight, wherein the male chicken shows a bimodal growth rate change trend of slow-fast-slow growth of the international body weight, and the female chicken shows a monomodal change mode of slow-fast-slow. Under the feeding conditions of the tamarind leaf feed group and the control group, the change of the weight growth rate of the local chickens follows a corresponding change mode, but the change shows obvious difference at key time nodes (figure 2), and the change is mainly shown as follows: (1) tamarind leaf feed resulted in a reduction in peak growth rate and a shift in appearance time for both the male and female native chickens. Under the tamarind leaf feed condition, two peaks of the weight growth rate of the male chickens appear at 7 weeks and 15 weeks respectively, the growth rate is 89.4 g/week and 122.6 g/week, while two peaks of the weight growth rate of the male chickens under the control group complete feed condition appear at 7 weeks and 13 weeks respectively, the growth rate reaches 113.4 g/week and 135.2 g/week, and is lower than the weight growth rate by 24.0 g/week and 21.8 g/week after 0 week and 1 week respectively; similarly, the peak of the body weight gain rate of the female chickens under the tamarind leaf feed condition appeared at 11 weeks, the peak was 112.5 g/week, while the peak of the body weight gain rate of the control group appeared at 9 weeks, the peak was 118.1 g/week, compared with the delay of 2 weeks, the body weight gain rate was 5.6 g/week lower. (2) The tamarind leaf feed is used for effectively prolonging the weight quick growth time of the male and female local chickens. The change curve (figure 2) of the international body weight growth rate of the local chickens under different diet conditions shows that after the 4 th week, the international body weight growth rate of the female local chickens in the tamarind leaf feed group and the control group can reach more than 50.0 g/week, but after the control group lasts for 14 weeks, the international body weight growth rate of the female local chickens and the male local chickens in the control group is reduced to less than 50.0 g/week, and the international body weight growth rate of the tamarind leaf feed group keeps good situations of 76.4 g/week and 58.8 g/week of the male chickens when the tamarind leaf feed group lasts for 16 weeks. The result shows that the broiler feed of the control group has obvious advantages in the aspect of improving the instantaneous weight increase of the local chickens, but the tamarind leaf feed can keep the local chickens with higher weight increase rate for a longer time, and the two have obvious difference in growth promotion strategies; on the other hand, the tamarind leaf feed group keeps a higher growth rate after 16 weeks, which shows that the tamarind leaf feed group also has a greater potential in promoting the growth and development of later-stage local chickens.

The above analysis shows that compared with the existing complete feed for broilers, the tamarind leaf feed has a more excellent growth promoting effect within the same feeding time, and on the other hand, the tamarind leaf feed has the advantage of better and continuous promotion of growth and development of native chickens, and the growth promoting effect is mainly realized by delaying the growth rate of the native chickens and prolonging the rapid growth time.

2.3 comparison of body size and body shape index of native chickens fed with different feeds

The body size index and the body shape index are basic general methods for reflecting the growth and development of poultry, and the body size index and the body shape index are adopted in the research to carry out comparative research on the growth and development conditions of local chickens fed with tamarind leaf feed and control brand complete feed. The body size measurement site and method are shown in Table 4, and the body type index calculation method is shown in Table 5.

TABLE 4 body ruler index and measuring method

TABLE 5 body type index and method for calculating the same

The measurement result of the body size index shows that (Table 6), the weight average of the live females and males fed with the tamarind leaf feed in the same feeding time is obviously higher than that of the females and males in a control group (P is less than 0.05); the tamarind leaf feed has the most obvious influence on the live weight, the oblique body length, the chest circumference and the shank length of the male chickens, and shows that the tamarind leaf feed has a better effect on the growth and the shape of the 'strong and long' appearance of the male local chickens. From the characteristics of breast development, compared with a control group, the differences of the width, depth and circumference of the breast and the characteristics of the tamarind leaf feed group female and male chickens are not obvious, but the difference of the length of the breast bone is obvious, and the difference of the characteristics between the tamarind leaf feed group female and male chickens is small, so that the tamarind leaf feed changes the development mode of the breast through the influence of adjusting the length of the breast bone of the native chickens, and simultaneously, the hip widths of the native chickens under two feeding conditions are not obviously different (8.42 cm and 8.45cm for the male chickens, 7.52cm and 7.34cm for the female chickens), and the shank length of the tamarind leaf feed group female and male chickens is obviously increased, so that the female and male native chickens are morphologically longer and more strong.

TABLE 6 comparison of native chicken body size under different feed feeding conditions

TABLE 7 comparison of body type indexes of local chickens fed with different feeds

The body type index is the comprehensive reaction of the growth and development health state of the poultry under different feeding conditions, so the body type index can be used for an evaluation system for comparing the influence of different diet feeding conditions on the nutritional status of the poultry. Generally, 6 individual type indexes including a strength index are used for characterizing the growth and development conditions of the poultry, wherein the strength index characterizes the compactness of the body type of the poultry and the fatness of the poultry; the somatic index represents the development of physique; the first chest index characterizes relative development of the chest; the second chest index characterizes the development of the pectoral muscle; hip thoracic index characterizes the development of the back (whether the body is wide straight or narrow from thoraco-abdominal to caudal); the high foot index characterizes the relative development of the foot. Statistical analysis showed (table 7): in four groups of control experiments, the average values of six indexes such as the strong index of the cock under the feeding condition of the tamarind leaf feed are respectively 5.37, 138.15, 68.37, 69.44, 79.33 and 33.64, which are all obviously higher than the indexes of the cock in a control group, and the conclusion shows that the tamarind leaf feed has better promotion effects on compactness, physique development, chest and back development, foot development and the like of the cock. Meanwhile, the results show that the body index and the body index of the hens fed with the tamarind leaf feed are both obviously higher than those of a control group, and the tamarind leaf feed has a better promotion effect on compactness and body development of the hens; on the other hand, the first chest index of the tamarind leaf feed group is significantly higher than that of the control group, and the second chest index is significantly lower than that of the control group, which indicates that the tamarind leaf feed can promote the overall development of the breasts of the female chickens, but has a certain negative effect on the development of the breast muscles of the female chickens, and this seems to be a contradictory conclusion, but in combination with the change curve of the peripherical weight growth rate of the female chickens fed with the tamarind leaf feed group in 3.2 (fig. 2), the group of female chickens are still in a rapid growth stage, and meanwhile, the results that the hip bone index and the high foot index of the female chickens fed with the tamarind leaf feed group are not significantly lower than those of the control group (table 7) also indicate that the female chickens have the sign of delayed development, so that the results do not influence the judgment that the tamarind leaf feed has the conclusion of more.

The results show that the tamarind leaf feed can effectively promote the compactness and the fatness of the local chicken, the development of physique, the development of the chest and the back, the development of the rear trunk and the development of feet, systematically improve the growth condition of the local chicken and particularly play a significant role in delaying the development of the female chicken. Therefore, the chicken growth and development conditions are better in the improvement of the production performance of the local chicken compared with the control group.

Example 2

The preparation method of the local chicken feed comprises the following steps:

(2) When pruning and shaping the tamarind trees in 11-12 months each year, a nylon mesh cloth with the aperture of 0.2mm is arranged beside the trees in advance, the branches are covered on the nylon mesh cloth after pruning, the branches are grabbed by two hands to be mutually clapped after being dried for 3 hours, and the leaves are collected.

And 2, putting the collected tamarind leaves into a constant-temperature drying box at the temperature of 60 ℃ for enzyme deactivation for 65min, naturally drying, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a 30-mesh sieve to obtain tamarind leaf powder, wherein the particle size is favorable for improving the utilization rate of tamarind leaf protein of the native chicken and prolonging the storage time.

Step 3, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of corn, 30% of tamarind leaf powder prepared by the method, 6% of rapeseed meal, 6% of peanut meal, 5% of rice bran, 1% of corn oil, 1% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.7% of lysine and 0.3% of salt, mixing the weighed components, and directly processing the mixture into granules.

Example 3

The preparation method of the local chicken feed comprises the following steps:

And 2, putting the collected tamarind leaves into a constant-temperature drying box at the temperature of 70 ℃ for deactivation of enzymes for 55min, naturally drying, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain tamarind leaf powder, wherein the particle size is favorable for improving the protein utilization rate of the tamarind leaves of the local chicken and prolonging the storage time.

Step 3, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 57% of corn, 20% of the tamarind leaf powder prepared by the method, 6% of rapeseed meal, 6% of peanut meal, 8% of rice bran, 1% of corn oil, 1% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.7% of lysine and 0.3% of salt, mixing the weighed components, and directly processing the mixture into granules.

Example 4

The preparation method of the local chicken feed comprises the following steps:

Step 3, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of corn, 20% of tamarind leaf powder prepared by the method, 6% of rapeseed meal, 6% of peanut meal, 5% of rice bran, 1% of corn oil, 1% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.7% of lysine and 0.3% of salt, mixing the weighed components, and directly processing the mixture into granules.

Example 5-example 6

The procedure for producing tamarind leaf powder of examples 5 to 6 was the same as in example 1, and the component ratios are shown in Table 8.

Table 8 feed composition of local chicken feed of example 5-example 6

Group of	Tamarind leaf powder	Corn flour	Leaf vegetable agricultural and sideline products
				Example 5	20％	10％	70％
Example 6	25％	5％	70％

Example 7-example 9

The procedure for producing tamarind leaf powder of examples 7 to 9 was the same as in example 1, and the component ratios are shown in Table 9.

Table 9 feed composition of local chicken feed of example 7-example 9

Group of	Tamarind leaf powder	Corn flour	Moisture content	Wheat flour
					Example 7	55％	35％	8％	2％
Example 8	60％	30％	8％	2％
					Example 9	56％	30％	12％	2％

The preparation of examples 7-9 was as follows: weighing the components according to the table 5, uniformly mixing the weighed components, naturally fermenting at room temperature for 24 hours, and preparing the granular feed with the diameter of 2.5-5.0 millimeters by using a granulator.

The feeds obtained according to the preparation methods of the embodiments 2 to 9 are evaluated and compared according to the animal test and the daily feeding management method in the case 1, and the results show that the appearance characters and the resistance of the local chickens fed by different feeds are as follows: the tamarind leaf feed can effectively promote the beautiful appearance and morphological construction of the male and female local chickens, and plays a better role in improving the plague resistance and dysentery resistance of the domestic chickens and reducing the heat stress reaction of the domestic chickens.

Examples 2-9 technical effects: the feeds were obtained according to the preparation methods of examples 2 to 9, and the body weight, body size, body shape index, etc. of the local chickens fed with the feeds were compared according to the test animals and the daily feeding management method of case 1. The results show that: the tamarind leaf feed has excellent growth promoting effect (Table 10), can make the body weight of male local chickens at 16 weeks old reach 1.03kg (example 3) to 1.59kg (example 7), and can make the body weight of female local chickens at 16 weeks old reach 0.83kg (example 8) to 1.25kg (example 5), and has good effect of substituting protein feed such as soybean meal.

In addition, the results show that the tamarind leaf feed can effectively promote the morphological and physical improvement of the male and female native chickens (table 11), the average values of six indexes such as the strong index of the male chickens under the feeding condition of the tamarind leaf feed are respectively 3.85 (example 3) to 8.30 (example 8), 99.71 (example 4) to 189.76 (example 8), 50.75 (example 4) to 85.39 (example 5), 52.46 (example 4) to 100.22 (example 5), 63.81 (example 8) to 102.67 (example 9) and 27.24 (example 7) to 51.55 (example 8), and the results are generally remarkably higher than the indexes of the male chickens in a control group, and the conclusion shows that the tamarind leaf feed has better promoting effects on the compactness of the backs, the physical development, the chest development, the foot development and the like of the male chickens. Meanwhile, the average values of six indexes such as the female chicken strong index and the like under the feeding condition of the tamarind leaf feed respectively reach 4.19 (example 8) to 6.15 (example 9), 117.62 (example 3) to 203.33 (example 9), 46.39 (example 4) to 97.18 (example 5), 45.09 (example 4) to 90.02 (example 5), 54.32 (example 6) to 87.38 (example 5) and 24.36 (example 3) to 38.27 (example 9), and the conclusion shows that the tamarind leaf feed has better promotion effects on the compactness of the female chicken, the physical development, the development of the chest and the back, the development of feet and the like.

The results show that the tamarind leaf feed can effectively promote compactness and fertility, physique development, breast and back development, rear trunk development and foot development of the male and female native chickens, systematically improve the growth conditions of the native chickens, and particularly has an obvious effect on delaying the development of the female chickens.

TABLE 10 EXAMPLES 2-9 comparison of body size of native chickens under different feed feeding conditions

TABLE 11 comparison of body type indices of native chickens under different feed feeding conditions in examples 2-9

The invention utilizes the characteristics of high leaf yield, high crude protein content and rich multiple heat-resistant vitamins and mineral nutrition of local strong stress resistance tamarind (tamarind) plants in the area to develop the special feed which has the functions of shaping the body of a domestic chicken, improving the body constitution of the domestic chicken, improving the pest resistance and dysentery resistance, particularly the heat stress resistance in high-temperature areas such as dry and hot valleys and the like in the production of poultry, effectively improves the feeding efficiency of the domestic chicken in the tamarind tree planting area, and provides a solution for the problems of protein feed shortage in the dry valley area and high feeding cost and low feeding efficiency of the local chicken.

While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The preparation method of tamarind leaf powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, collecting tamarind leaves;

2. The method for preparing tamarind leaf powder according to claim 1, wherein the collection of tamarind leaves in step 1 specifically comprises: in the leaf falling period of 3-4 months per year, nylon mesh cloth with the aperture of 0.2mm is arranged under the tree to collect fallen leaves, and the strong sunshine exposure is reduced along with the collection of fallen leaves.

3. The method for preparing tamarind leaf powder according to claim 1, wherein the collection of tamarind leaves in step 1 specifically comprises: when pruning and shaping the tamarind trees in 11-12 months per year, a nylon mesh cloth with the aperture of 0.2mm is arranged beside the trees in advance, the branches are covered on the nylon mesh cloth after pruning, the branches are grabbed by two hands to be mutually patted after being dried for 2-3 hours, and the leaves are collected.

4. The method for preparing tamarind leaf powder according to claim 1, wherein the de-enzyming temperature in the step 2 is 60-70 ℃, the de-enzyming time is 55-65min, and the tamarind leaf powder is sieved by a 30-50 mesh sieve.

5. Use of tamarind leaf powder prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 5 in preparing a feed for native chickens.

6. The application of the local chicken feed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the local chicken feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-25% of tamarind leaf powder, 5-10% of corn powder and 70% of leaf vegetable agricultural and sideline products, wherein the mass percentage is 100%.

7. The use as claimed in claim 6, wherein the leaf vegetable agricultural and sideline products are cabbage leaves or violet cabbage leaves, and the cabbage leaves or violet cabbage leaves are cut into leaves with a diameter of 0.6 cm.

8. The application of the local chicken feed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the local chicken feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-60% of corn, 20-30% of tamarind leaf powder, 6-7% of rapeseed meal, 6-7% of peanut meal, 5-8% of rice bran, 1% of corn oil, 1% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.7% of lysine and 0.3% of salt, wherein the mass percentage is 100%.

9. The application of the local chicken feed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the local chicken feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-60% of tamarind leaf powder, 30-35% of corn flour, 8-12% of water and 2% of wheat flour, wherein the mass percentage is 100%.