CN109123185B - Mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed and duck feeding method thereof - Google Patents
Mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed and duck feeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109123185B CN109123185B CN201810975343.8A CN201810975343A CN109123185B CN 109123185 B CN109123185 B CN 109123185B CN 201810975343 A CN201810975343 A CN 201810975343A CN 109123185 B CN109123185 B CN 109123185B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed which is prepared by taking the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed as a base, and uniformly mixing corn, rice bran, soybean meal, peanut meal, dried fly maggots and egg shell powder, wherein the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400-600 parts of mulberry branch leaves, 200-300 parts of corn flour and 200-300 parts of rice bran. The improved feed overcomes the problem that the traditional mulberry feed keeps the growth and development of ducks all the time. The invention also discloses a method for feeding ducks by using the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed, and the fed ducks are delicious in meat and good in taste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed, and particularly relates to a mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed and a duck feeding method thereof.
Background
The traditional use of mulberry branch and leaf is to raise silkworm, but in recent years, the research of processing mulberry branch and leaf into mulberry feed for high-quality special culture is started all over the country. The mulberry has the advantages of high biological yield, high crude protein content, good animal palatability, obviously improved quality and the like when being used for feed. The mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed is a coarse feed which is prepared by crushing mulberry branches, adding zymophyte and performing fermentation of microorganisms, and has the advantages of fragrance, good palatability, high utilization rate and long storage life.
The special high-quality products such as mulberry leaf chicken and mulberry leaf duck which are newly appeared in the market at present are gradually accepted and loved by consumers, and the market prospect is wide. However, the unscientific formula of the mulberry branch and leaf feed can inhibit the growth and development of ducks, and causes the problems of small skeleton, slow growth, no meat growth, less egg laying, small egg shape and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to solve at least the above drawbacks and to provide advantages which will be explained later.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed, which is dry-mixed with fly maggots; the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed comprises the following raw materials: mulberry branch and leaf, corn flour and rice bran. The raw materials adopted by the feed are simple and easy to obtain and easy to implement; the corn and the rice bran in the raw materials provide energy and trace elements for the ducks; the mulberry branch leaves provide minerals to relax bowel and promote toxin discharge; the maggot trunks are rich in disease-resistant protease, can greatly enhance the disease resistance of ducks, and can simultaneously counteract the cold property of mulberry branches and leaves, so that the influence of the cold property of the mulberry branches and leaves on the normal growth and development of the ducks is avoided.
In other words, the invention discloses a mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed, which is obtained by dry mixing of the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed and fly maggots; the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed comprises the following raw materials: mulberry branch and leaf, corn flour and rice bran.
Preferably, the duck feed is further added with corn flour, rice bran, bean pulp, peanut pulp and eggshell powder. The soybean meal provides high protein and amino acid, promotes the absorption of nutrients by ducks for growth and development, and discharges waste in the feed by digestion of the feed; the peanut meal provides crude protein for the ducks, promotes the growth, development, reproduction and organ repair of the ducks, and simultaneously can provide higher metabolic energy, enhance the metabolic capability of the ducks and reduce the body fat content of the ducks, so that the meat quality of the ducks is firm; the eggshell powder contains abundant inorganic salt and a small amount of organic substances and calcium, and can supplement energy for the laying ducks in time.
Preferably, the mixed fermentation type ramulus mori micro-storage feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400-600 parts of mulberry twig leaves, 200-300 parts of corn flour and 200-300 parts of rice bran.
Preferably, the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed is prepared by the following steps:
firstly, pretreating mulberry branches and leaves, and then mixing and stirring the mulberry branches and leaves with corn flour and rice bran to obtain a mixed bottom material;
and step two, uniformly mixing the mixed bottom material with the mixed fermentation bacteria, placing for 22-26 hours in an unsealed manner, and then fermenting for 5-6 days in a sealed manner to obtain the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed. The fermented feed has good flavor, good palatability, high utilization rate, and long storage life.
Preferably, the mixed fermentation bacteria comprise: probiotic bacteria in an amount of not less than 1.0X 10 in said mixed fermentation broth10cfu/g; acid protein, the enzyme activity concentration of which in the mixed fermentation strain is not less than 100 u/g; xylanase, the enzyme activity concentration of which in the mixed fermentation strain is not less than 500 u/g; lactic acid, which is not less than 1.5% of the total weight of the mixed zymophyte; small peptide protein, which is not less than 12.0 percent of the total weight of the mixed zymophyte. Besides the function of fermenting the feed, the mixed zymophyte can also increase the population and the quantity of beneficial microorganisms in animals, effectively improve the digestion and the absorption of ducks to coarse feed, enhance the disease resistance, and the excrement discharged by the ducks has no peculiar smell, greatly reduces harmful substances, is favorable for the disinfection and the disease prevention of a farm and also lightens the pollution to the ecological environment.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the mixed bottom material to the mixed zymophyte is 1000: 3.
Preferably, the pretreatment method of the mulberry branches and leaves comprises the following steps: cutting mulberry branches and leaves into sections with the length of 1-2 cm, drying in the sun or baking, crushing, and screening powder with the mesh of 50-60 to obtain the mulberry branches and leaves powder.
Preferably, the method for feeding the ducks by using the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a plurality of stages, wherein:
the first-stage material is prepared by mixing 100 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 200 parts of rice bran, 580 parts of corn flour, 50 parts of dried fly maggots, 50 parts of soybean meal and 20 parts of peanut meal;
a second-stage material, which is prepared by mixing 200 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 100 parts of rice bran, 580 parts of corn flour, 50 parts of dried fly maggots, 50 parts of soybean meal and 20 parts of peanut meal;
a third-stage material which is prepared by mixing 300 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 580 parts of corn flour, 50 parts of dried fly maggots, 50 parts of bean pulp and 20 parts of peanut pulp;
a fourth-stage material which is prepared from 300 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 630 parts of corn flour, 50 parts of dried fly maggots and 20 parts of peanut meal;
2) selecting large duck seedlings which normally grow to be more than 40 days old and have the size of more than 0.6 kilogram per large duck, and then feeding the large duck seedlings by using the stage feed in sequence, wherein:
feeding the first-stage feed on days 1-5;
feeding the feed in the second period on days 6-10;
feeding with the feed of the third period on days 11-60;
feeding the feed in the fourth period on days 61-75, and feeding for 75 days later.
Preferably, the method for feeding the ducks by using the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed comprises the following steps: the feeding amount of the first-stage material is 50-75 g/material; the feeding amount of the second-stage material is 50-75 g/piece; the feeding amount of the third-stage material is 50-75 g/material; the feeding amount of the four-stage material is 150 g/machine.
Preferably, the method for feeding the ducks by using the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed further comprises the following steps:
the egg laying material is prepared by mixing 300 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 450 parts of corn flour, 100 parts of soybean meal, 50 parts of eggshell powder, 50 parts of dried fly maggots and 50 parts of peanut meal; when the ducks are fed to lay eggs, the ducks are fed with the egg laying feed, and the feeding amount is 120-170 g/duck.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed is prepared by mutually matching mulberry branch and leaf, corn flour, rice bran, corn, rice bran, bean pulp, peanut meal, dried fly maggots and egg shell powder and fermenting through zymophyte, fully combines protein, metabolic energy, carbonic acid compounds, mineral elements, vitamins and antibacterial active substances in various raw materials, and has fragrance, good palatability and storage resistance.
Secondly, the disease resistance of the ducks is improved by using the antiviral effective components rich in the mulberry branches and leaves, and the disease probability of the ducks is effectively reduced in the feeding period of the ducks; the mulberry leaves contain components which have good and long-term effects on gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and part of yeasts, and the disinfection times of the duck pens can be reduced by feeding the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed; moreover, the mulberry leaves can disperse wind and dissipate heat, and by feeding the duck feed with the mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage, the duck does not need to be raised in a pond or frequently washed with water for cooling in hot summer, so that the management is convenient.
Finally, the cold substances in the mulberry branches and leaves are reduced through a reasonable formula, the requirements of the ducks in different growth periods can be met, the rapid growth of the ducks is promoted, the feeding period is shortened, and the feeding cost is further reduced; the ingredients in the formula are matched with each other, so that the duck skin of the finished duck is thin and crisp, the meat is thick and tight, the duck is fresh, tender, fragrant and sweet, the taste and the quality are excellent, and the meat quality is equivalent to that of the soil duck which is traditionally bred for one year.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A mixed fermentation ramulus Mori leaf micro-storage duck fodder is prepared by mixing mixed fermentation ramulus Mori leaf micro-storage fodder with fly maggot trunk; the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed comprises the following raw materials: mulberry branch and leaf, corn flour and rice bran.
A method for feeding ducks with mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed:
step 1, cutting mulberry branches and leaves into sections with the length of 1 cm, drying in the sun or baking, crushing, and screening powder with 50 meshes to obtain mulberry branch and leaf powder; respectively weighing 500 kg of mulberry branch and leaf powder, 250 kg of corn powder and 250 kg of rice bran, and mixing and stirring to obtain a mixed bottom material;
step 2, mixing probiotics, acidic protein, xylanase, lactic acid and small peptide protein to obtain mixed zymocyte;
wherein the content of probiotic is not less than 1.0 × 10 of total amount of mixed zymophyte10cfu/g; the enzyme activity concentration of the acid protein is not less than 100u/g of the total amount of the mixed zymophyte; the enzyme activity concentration of the xylanase is not less than 500u/g of the total amount of the mixed zymophyte; the weight of the lactic acid is not less than 1.5 percent of the total weight of the mixed zymophyte; the weight of the small peptide protein is not less than 12.0% of the total weight of the mixed zymophyte.
And 3, weighing 3 kg of mixed zymophyte, adding the mixed zymophyte into the mixed bottom material, uniformly stirring, standing for 25 hours in a non-sealed manner, and then fermenting for 5 days in a sealed manner to obtain the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed.
Step two, preparing mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed:
preparing a plurality of stages, wherein:
a first-stage material, which is prepared by mixing 100 kg of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 200 kg of rice bran, 580 kg of corn flour and 50 kg of dried fly maggots;
a second-stage material, which is prepared by mixing 200 kg of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 100 kg of rice bran, 580 kg of corn flour and 50 kg of dried fly maggots;
a third-stage material which is prepared by mixing 300 kg of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 580 kg of corn flour and 50 kg of dried fly maggots;
a fourth-stage material which is prepared by mixing 300 kg of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 630 kg of corn flour and 50 kg of dried fly maggots;
selecting large duck seedlings which normally grow to be more than 40 days old and have the size of more than 0.6 kilogram per large duck, and then feeding the large duck seedlings by using the phase feed in sequence, wherein:
feeding the feed at the first stage on days 1-5, wherein the feeding amount is 50 g/feed;
feeding with the second-stage feed in a feeding amount of 50 g/feed on day 6-10;
feeding with the feed in the third period on days 11-60, wherein the feeding amount is 50 g/feed;
feeding the feed at the fourth period in 61-75 days, wherein the feeding amount is 150 g/feed, and the feed can be fed 75 days later.
Example 2
A mixed fermentation ramulus Mori leaf micro-storage duck fodder is prepared by mixing mixed fermentation ramulus Mori leaf micro-storage fodder with fly maggot trunk; the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed comprises the following raw materials: mulberry branch and leaf, corn flour and rice bran; the duck feed is also added with corn flour, rice bran, bean pulp and peanut pulp.
A method for feeding ducks with mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed:
step 1, cutting mulberry branches and leaves into sections with the length of 1 cm, drying in the sun or baking, crushing, screening powder with 50 meshes to obtain mulberry branch and leaf powder, and mixing and stirring the mulberry branch and leaf powder with corn flour and rice bran to obtain a mixed bottom material;
step 2, mixing probiotics, acidic protein, xylanase, lactic acid and small peptide protein to obtain mixed zymocyte;
wherein the content of probiotic is not less than 1.0 × 10 of total amount of mixed zymophyte10cfu/g; the enzyme activity concentration of the acid protein is not less than 100u/g of the total amount of the mixed zymophyte; the enzyme activity concentration of the xylanase is not less than 500u/g of the total amount of the mixed zymophyte; the weight of the lactic acid is not less than 1.5 percent of the total weight of the mixed zymophyte; the weight of the small peptide protein is not less than 12.0% of the total weight of the mixed zymophyte.
And 3, weighing 3 kg of mixed zymophyte, adding the mixed zymophyte into the mixed bottom material, uniformly stirring, standing for 25 hours in a non-sealed manner, and then fermenting for 5 days in a sealed manner to obtain the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed.
Step two, preparing mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed:
preparing a plurality of stages, wherein:
the first-stage material is prepared by mixing 100 kg of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 200 kg of rice bran, 580 kg of corn flour, 50 kg of dried fly maggots, 50 kg of soybean meal and 20 kg of peanut meal;
a second-stage material, which is prepared by mixing 200 kg of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 100 kg of rice bran, 580 kg of corn flour, 50 kg of dried fly maggots, 50 kg of soybean meal and 20 kg of peanut meal;
a third-stage material which is prepared by mixing 300 kg of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 580 kg of corn flour, 50 kg of dried fly maggots, 50 kg of bean pulp and 20 kg of peanut meal;
a fourth-stage material which is prepared by mixing 300 kg of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 630 kg of corn flour, 50 kg of dried fly maggots and 20 kg of peanut meal;
selecting large duck seedlings which normally grow to be more than 40 days old and have the size of more than 0.6 kilogram per large duck, and then feeding the large duck seedlings by using the phase feed in sequence, wherein:
feeding the feed at the first stage on days 1-5, wherein the feeding amount is 50 g/feed;
feeding with the second-stage feed in a feeding amount of 50 g/feed on day 6-10;
feeding with the feed in the third period on days 11-60, wherein the feeding amount is 50 g/feed;
feeding the feed at the fourth period in 61-75 days, wherein the feeding amount is 150 g/feed, and the feed can be fed 75 days later.
Example 3
This example differs from example 2 in that:
selecting large duck seedlings which normally grow to be more than 40 days old and have the size of more than 0.6 kilogram per large duck, and then feeding the large duck seedlings by using the phase feed in sequence, wherein:
feeding with the first-stage feed in a feeding amount of 60 g/feed on days 1-5;
feeding with the second-stage feed in 6-10 days, wherein the feeding amount is 60 g/feed;
feeding with the feed in the third period on days 11-60, wherein the feeding amount is 60 g/feed;
feeding the feed at the fourth period in 61-75 days, wherein the feeding amount is 150 g/feed, and the feed can be fed 75 days later.
The rest parameters are completely the same as those of the embodiment 2, and the technological process is also completely the same.
Example 4
This example differs from example 2 in that:
selecting large duck seedlings which normally grow to be more than 40 days old and have the size of more than 0.6 kilogram per large duck, and then feeding the large duck seedlings by using the phase feed in sequence, wherein:
feeding with the first-stage feed in a feeding amount of 75 g/feed on days 1-5;
feeding with the second-stage feed in the 6 th to 10 th days, wherein the feeding amount is 75 g/feed;
feeding with the feed in the third period on days 11-60, wherein the feeding amount is 75 g/feed;
feeding the feed at the fourth period in 61-75 days, wherein the feeding amount is 150 g/feed, and the feed can be fed 75 days later.
The rest parameters are completely the same as those of the embodiment 2, and the technological process is also completely the same.
Example 5
This example differs from example 2 in that:
preparing an egg laying material, wherein the egg laying material is prepared by mixing 300 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 450 parts of corn flour, 100 parts of bean pulp, 50 parts of eggshell powder, 50 parts of dried fly maggots and 50 parts of peanut meal;
when the ducks are fed to lay eggs, the ducks are fed with the egg laying feed, and the feeding amount is 120 g/duck.
The rest parameters are completely the same as those of the embodiment 2, and the technological process is also completely the same.
Example 6
This example differs from example 2 in that:
preparing an egg laying material, wherein the egg laying material is prepared by mixing 300 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 450 parts of corn flour, 100 parts of bean pulp, 50 parts of eggshell powder, 50 parts of dried fly maggots and 50 parts of peanut meal;
when the ducks are fed to lay eggs, the ducks are fed with the egg laying feed, and the feeding amount is 150 g/duck.
The rest parameters are completely the same as those of the embodiment 2, and the technological process is also completely the same.
Example 7
This example differs from example 2 in that:
preparing an egg laying material, wherein the egg laying material is prepared by mixing 300 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 450 parts of corn flour, 100 parts of bean pulp, 50 parts of eggshell powder, 50 parts of dried fly maggots and 50 parts of peanut meal;
when the ducks are fed to lay eggs, the ducks are fed with the egg laying feed, and the feeding amount is 170 g/duck.
The rest parameters are completely the same as those of the embodiment 2, and the technological process is also completely the same.
Comparative example 1
Step one, 500 kg of mulberry branches and leaves, 250 kg of corn flour and 250 kg of rice bran are respectively weighed.
And step two, cutting the mulberry branches and leaves into sections with the length of 1 cm, drying in the sun or baking, crushing, screening powder with 50 meshes to obtain mulberry branch and leaf powder, and mixing and stirring the mulberry branch and leaf powder with corn flour and rice bran to obtain a mixed bottom material.
Step three, mixing probiotics, acidic protein, xylanase, lactic acid and small peptide protein to obtain mixed zymocyte;
wherein the content of probiotic is not less than 1.0 × 10 of total amount of mixed zymophyte10cfu/g; the enzyme activity concentration of the acid protein is not less than 100u/g of the total amount of the mixed zymophyte; the enzyme activity concentration of the xylanase is not less than 500u/g of the total amount of the mixed zymophyte; the weight of the lactic acid is not less than 1.5 percent of the total weight of the mixed zymophyte; the weight of the small peptide protein is not less than 12.0% of the total weight of the mixed zymophyte.
And step four, weighing 3 kg of mixed zymophyte, adding the mixed zymophyte into the mixed bottom material, uniformly stirring, standing for 25 hours in a non-sealed manner, and then fermenting for 5 days in a sealed manner to obtain the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed.
Step five, selecting big duck seedlings which normally grow to be more than 40 days old and have the size of more than 0.6 kilogram per duck, and then starting to feed the big duck seedlings by using the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed, wherein the feeding amount per day of 1-60 days is 60 g/duck; feeding 150 g/pig in 61-75 days until 75 days later.
Comparative example 2
The mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 kg of mulberry twig and leaf, 500 kg of pasture and 3 kg of starfish micro-storage king preparation, wherein the starfish micro-storage king preparation is a commercially available biological bacterium preparation.
The specific preparation method of the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed is as follows:
taking the fresh mulberry branches and leaves and the pasture grass in parts by weight, cutting the fresh mulberry branches and leaves and the pasture grass into sections with the length of 1 cm, drying in the sun or drying, then crushing, screening powder with 50 meshes to obtain mulberry branch and leaf powder and pasture grass powder, and uniformly stirring the mulberry branch and leaf powder and the pasture grass powder to obtain a mixture base material;
and step two, adding 3 kg of starfish micro-storage king preparation into the mixture base material, uniformly dividing the mixture base material added with the starfish micro-storage king preparation into a plurality of parts, sealing each part by using a packaging bag, uniformly stirring the packaging bags which are double-layer plastic bags with inner films, and performing sealed fermentation for 30 days to obtain the mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed.
Step three, preparing mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed:
preparing a plurality of stages, wherein:
the first-stage material is prepared by mixing 100 kg of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 200 kg of rice bran, 580 kg of corn flour, 50 kg of dried fly maggots, 50 kg of soybean meal and 20 kg of peanut meal;
a second-stage material, which is prepared by mixing 200 kg of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 100 kg of rice bran, 580 kg of corn flour, 50 kg of dried fly maggots, 50 kg of soybean meal and 20 kg of peanut meal;
a third-stage material which is prepared by mixing 300 kg of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 580 kg of corn flour, 50 kg of dried fly maggots, 50 kg of bean pulp and 20 kg of peanut meal;
a fourth-stage material which is prepared by mixing 300 kg of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 630 kg of corn flour, 50 kg of dried fly maggots and 20 kg of peanut meal;
step four, selecting big duck seedlings which normally grow to be more than 40 days old and have the size of more than 0.6 kilogram per big duck, and then feeding the big duck seedlings by using the phase feed in sequence, wherein:
feeding with the first-stage feed in a feeding amount of 60 g/feed on days 1-5;
feeding with the second-stage feed in 6-10 days, wherein the feeding amount is 60 g/feed;
feeding with the feed in the third period on days 11-60, wherein the feeding amount is 60 g/feed;
feeding the feed at the fourth period in 61-75 days, wherein the feeding amount is 150 g/feed, and the feed can be fed 75 days later.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from comparative example 1 in that:
when the ducks are raised to lay eggs, the feeding amount is adjusted to be 150 g/duck per day.
The rest parameters are completely the same as the comparative example 1, and the process is also completely the same.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 2 in that:
preparing an egg laying material, wherein the egg laying material is prepared by mixing 300 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 450 parts of corn flour, 100 parts of bean pulp, 50 parts of eggshell powder, 50 parts of dried fly maggots and 50 parts of peanut meal;
when the ducks are fed to lay eggs, the ducks are fed with the egg laying feed, and the feeding amount is 150 g/duck.
The rest parameters are completely the same as the comparative example 2, and the technological process is also completely the same.
Selecting 300 healthy young duck seedlings which normally grow to be more than 40 days old and have the size of more than 0.6 kilogram per duck, and randomly dividing the young duck seedlings into 6 groups, wherein each group comprises 50 young duck seedlings;
duck feeds were produced by the methods of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2, respectively, and the prepared duck feeds were used to feed ducks in groups under the same conditions, respectively. During the feeding period, self-feeding and 24-hour drinking are carried out; natural illumination is kept in the daytime, and artificial illumination is adopted at night; cleaning feces 1 time every day, and sterilizing the feeding environment once every 20 days; keeping the breeding environment ventilated.
The ducks were weighed and observed for health at 75 days in groups, and the data are shown in table 1:
table 1:
wherein, the duck with the weight less than 1.5 kg is judged to be thin and weak, and the weight is not counted.
As can be seen from the table 1, the weight of the duck fed by the duck feed and the feeding method disclosed by the invention is about 2 kg after 65 days; compared with the example 2, the feed in the example 1 has the advantages that when the formula of the feed only comprises the dried maggots, the mulberry branches and leaves, the corn flour and the rice bran, the feed is slightly remained, after the rice bran, the bean pulp and the peanut pulp are added, the feed intake of the ducks is large, the residual feed amount is 0, and the weight of the ducks is slightly large; comparing example 2 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that if the duck is fed with the mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, the feed intake of the duck is small, the duck is thin and weak, and part of the duck is not large; comparing example 3 with comparative example 2, it can be seen that the feed obtained by fermenting the mixed fermentation bacteria disclosed by the invention has better palatability, and ducks like to eat the feed better.
Selecting the green-headed ducks fed by the method of example 1 as 1 group;
selecting the green-headed ducks fed by the method of example 2 as 2 groups;
selecting the green-headed ducks fed by the method of the comparative example 1 as 3 groups;
selecting the green-headed ducks 1 obtained by feeding by the method of the comparative example 2 as 4 groups;
selecting green-headed ducks which are sold in the market and are bred by common feed for about 100 days as 5 groups;
selecting green-headed ducks sold in the market and obtained by free-ranging for 270-310 days as 6 groups.
Selecting 5 ducks in each group for slaughtering, and cutting pectoral muscle into 2cm2The left and right small blocks are boiled in boiled water for 10 minutes after the duck meat is soaked, and then taken out. Each of 15 men and women was randomly selected as a panelist, tasted and scored for their taste, and the data are shown in table 2:
table 2:
| group of | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Total score | 59 | 66 | 37 | 60 | 44 | 69 |
Wherein, the boiled duck meat is graded according to the flavor, the taste and the freshness of the soup, and the grades are divided into five grades of superior, good, medium, inferior and poor, namely 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1.
According to the data in table 2, the duck flavor obtained by feeding the feed prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is equivalent to that of the conventionally fed duck for one year.
Selecting 250 healthy young duck seedlings which normally grow to be more than 40 days old and have the size of more than 0.6 kilogram per duck, dividing the young duck seedlings into 5 groups, and dividing each group into 50 healthy young duck seedlings;
respectively producing duck feeds by the methods of examples 5-7 and comparative examples 3-4, feeding ducks by groups under the same conditions by using the prepared duck feeds, and feeding the ducks by themselves and supplying drinking water for 24 hours in a feeding period; natural illumination is kept in the daytime, and artificial illumination is adopted at night; cleaning feces 1 time every day, and sterilizing the feeding environment once every 20 days; keeping the breeding environment ventilated. The duck eggs laid were harvested daily to day 100 with data as in table 3:
table 3:
wherein the group A comprises 10 commercially purchased duck eggs which are scattered and raised for 270-310 days; group B is 10 commercially available duck eggs which are obtained by feeding the duck eggs with common feed for about 100 days. Selecting 3 duck eggs in each group, boiling in water, randomly selecting 15 men and women as judges, tasting and scoring, wherein the scores are divided into five grades of excellent, good, medium, inferior and poor, namely 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1.
By comparing the data of the examples 5-7 with the data of the comparative example 3, the number of the duck eggs obtained by feeding the feed prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is far greater than that of the unmodified mulberry feed. According to the taste scores, the duck eggs fed by the feed prepared by the method disclosed by the invention have good taste, and are equivalent to the duck eggs scattered in 270-310 days.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses listed in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. The invention is therefore not to be limited to the specific details described herein, without departing from the general concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed is characterized in that: the feed is prepared by mixing 100 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 200 parts of rice bran, 580 parts of corn flour, 50 parts of dried fly maggots, 50 parts of bean pulp and 20 parts of peanut pulp;
or is prepared by mixing 200 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 100 parts of rice bran, 580 parts of corn flour, 50 parts of dried fly maggots, 50 parts of bean pulp and 20 parts of peanut pulp;
or is prepared by mixing 300 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 580 parts of corn flour, 50 parts of dried fly maggots, 50 parts of bean pulp and 20 parts of peanut pulp;
or prepared from 300 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 630 parts of corn flour, 50 parts of dried fly maggots and 20 parts of peanut meal;
or is prepared by mixing 300 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 450 parts of corn flour, 100 parts of soybean meal, 50 parts of eggshell powder, 50 parts of dried fly maggots and 50 parts of peanut meal;
the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400-600 parts of mulberry branch leaves, 200-300 parts of corn flour and 200-300 parts of rice bran;
the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed is prepared by the following steps:
firstly, pretreating mulberry branches and leaves, and then mixing and stirring the mulberry branches and leaves with corn flour and rice bran to obtain a mixed bottom material;
step two, uniformly mixing the mixed bottom material with the mixed fermentation bacteria, placing for 22-26 hours in an unsealed manner, and then fermenting for 5-6 days in a sealed manner to obtain the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage feed;
the mixed zymophyte comprises:
probiotic bacteria in an amount of not less than 1.0X 10 in said mixed fermentation broth10cfu/g；
Acid protein, the enzyme activity concentration of which in the mixed fermentation strain is not less than 100 u/g;
xylanase, the enzyme activity concentration of which in the mixed fermentation strain is not less than 500 u/g;
lactic acid, which is not less than 1.5% of the total weight of the mixed zymophyte;
small peptide protein, which is not less than 12.0% of the total weight of the mixed zymophyte.
2. The mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed bottom material to the mixed fermentation bacteria is 1000: 3.
3. The mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pretreatment method of the mulberry branch and leaf comprises the following steps:
cutting mulberry branches and leaves into sections with the length of 1-2 cm, drying in the sun or baking, crushing, and screening powder with the mesh size of 50-60 to obtain the mulberry branch and leaf powder.
4. A method for feeding ducks with mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a plurality of stages, wherein:
the first-stage material is prepared by mixing 100 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 200 parts of rice bran, 580 parts of corn flour, 50 parts of dried fly maggots, 50 parts of soybean meal and 20 parts of peanut meal;
a second-stage material, which is prepared by mixing 200 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 100 parts of rice bran, 580 parts of corn flour, 50 parts of dried fly maggots, 50 parts of soybean meal and 20 parts of peanut meal;
a third-stage material which is prepared by mixing 300 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 580 parts of corn flour, 50 parts of dried fly maggots, 50 parts of bean pulp and 20 parts of peanut pulp;
a fourth-stage material which is prepared from 300 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 630 parts of corn flour, 50 parts of dried fly maggots and 20 parts of peanut meal;
2) selecting large duck seedlings which normally grow to be more than 40 days old and have the size of more than 0.6 kilogram per large duck, and then feeding the large duck seedlings by using the stage feed in sequence, wherein:
feeding the first-stage feed on days 1-5;
feeding the feed in the second period on days 6-10;
feeding with the feed of the third period on days 11-60;
feeding the feed in the fourth period on days 61-75, and feeding for 75 days later;
further comprising: the egg laying material is prepared by mixing 300 parts of mixed fermentation type mulberry twig micro-storage feed, 450 parts of corn flour, 100 parts of soybean meal, 50 parts of eggshell powder, 50 parts of dried fly maggots and 50 parts of peanut meal;
when the ducks are fed to lay eggs, the ducks are fed with the egg laying feed, and the feeding amount is 120-170 g/duck.
5. The method for feeding ducks with the mixed fermentation mulberry branch and leaf micro-storage duck feed as claimed in claim 4,
the feeding amount of the first-stage material is 50-75 g/material;
the feeding amount of the second-stage material is 50-75 g/piece;
the feeding amount of the third-stage material is 50-75 g/material;
the feeding amount of the four-stage material is 150 g/machine.
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| CN113792993A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-14 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Preservation and preservation effect evaluation method of maggot protein |
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