CN101658141A - Fermenting bed padding and preparation method and applications thereof - Google Patents
Fermenting bed padding and preparation method and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101658141A CN101658141A CN200910092556A CN200910092556A CN101658141A CN 101658141 A CN101658141 A CN 101658141A CN 200910092556 A CN200910092556 A CN 200910092556A CN 200910092556 A CN200910092556 A CN 200910092556A CN 101658141 A CN101658141 A CN 101658141A
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Abstract
The invention discloses fermenting bed padding and a preparation method and applications thereof. The fermenting bed padding is prepared by materials with the following parts by weight: (1) 35-40 parts of wood chips or wheat bran; (2) 55-60 parts of any one or the mixture of more than one of seed shells, straw, spent mushroom compost or leaves, wherein the mixture is composed by any weight proportion; and (3) 3-6 parts of rice bran or plant cakes and 0.1-0.2 part of anaerobic fermenting agent. The fermenting bed padding mainly has the following advantages of: (1) long using time; (2) no emission, no odour and no pollution; (3) saving feed, reducing cost and improving benefits; and (4) effectively reducing incidence rate of pigs, reducing medication and improving pork quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bedding and padding, relate in particular to the bedding and padding of the fermentation bed usefulness of raising pigs, the invention still further relates to the preparation method of this fermenting bed padding, belong to pig and culture the field.
Background technology
Fermentation bed to raise pig is an emerging pig raising technology of introducing from Japan and other countries in recent years.Claim again " natural pig culture method " or " biological environmental production pig raising method ", also have to be called " sluggard's pig raising method ".This method is to utilize organic bedding and padding to be built into a fermentation bed, and by adding beneficial microbe, pork chop releases the ight soil that comes is buried by bedding and padding, and pig manure is urinated after the fermentation of microbial bacteria, is decomposed fully and transforms, and reaches odorless, tasteless, innoxious purpose.It is the environmental protection pig raising technology of a kind of pollution-free, zero-emission, no foul smell.The fermentation bedding and padding are parts of fermentation bed to raise pig most critical, and the bedding and padding raw material is carried out the science combination, can reach the minimizing management intensity, reduce eqpidemic disease and take place, and increase purposes such as the benefit of raising pigs.All in theory organic materials can both be used for making bedding and padding, but from service efficiency and practical application effect, usually should select the carbon supply intensity big, make main raw material for the material of the balanced lasting and permeability of carbon ability, excellent adsorption, as wood chip, rice bran, the peat composed of rotten mosses, powder of straw etc.; For guaranteeing the process and the effect of bedding and padding manufacturing process biofermentation, often select some other raw material simultaneously as auxiliary material.
But present fermentation bed technique is imperfection also, the complexity of selecting materials (as earth, salt, fresh excreta etc.), wood chip cost height, problems affect such as complicated operation promoting the use of of fermentation bed.
Summary of the invention
The present invention's technical problem at first to be solved is to overcome the existing complexity of selecting materials of existing fermenting bed padding, the cost height, advantages such as problems such as complicated operation provide a kind of new fermenting bed padding, and this fermenting bed padding has easy preparation, select materials simple, cost is low, effect is good.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned fermenting bed padding;
Above-mentioned technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of fermenting bed padding comprises that the raw material of following weight portion is made:
Wood chip or wheat bran 35-40 weight portion
Any one or more than one mixture 55-60 weight portion of forming by any part by weight in crop seed shell, crops straw, mushroom residue or the leaf
Rice bran or plant cake 3-6 weight portion
Anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum 0.1-0.2 weight portion
Preferably, the weight portion of each raw material is:
Wood chip or wheat bran 35 weight portions
Any one or more than one mixture 60 weight portions of forming by any part by weight in crop seed shell, crops straw, mushroom residue or the leaf
Rice bran or plant cake 4.8 weight portions
Anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum 0.2 weight portion;
Wherein, preferred any one or more than one mixture formed by any part by weight in rice husk, husk or peanut shell of described crop seed shell; Described crops straw is any one or more than one mixture formed by any part by weight in maize straw, broomcorn straw or wheat stalk preferably;
Described anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum can be one or more the composite anaerobic fermenting agents formed by any part by weight in any one commercially available anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum; For example, this anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum can be one or more the composite anaerobic fermenting agents formed by any part by weight in Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum), lactobacillus acidophilus (L.acidophilus), the Pediococcus acidilactici (Pediococcus acidilacticii).
Effective viable bacteria content of described anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum is preferably 5.0 * 10
8～1.0 * 10
10Cfu/ml.
Preferred, described anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum is that the Chinese patent publication number is the disclosed compound microorganism ferments microbial inoculum (application number: 200610078588.8 of patent disclosure specification of CN 1966664A; Denomination of invention: a kind of compound microorganism ferments microbial inoculum and production method and purposes that is used for compost fermentation); This compound microorganism ferments microbial inoculum is by Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) 5.0 * 10
8～1.0 * 10
10Cfu/ml, saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 5.0 * 10
8～1.0 * 10
10Cfu/ml, Mucor racemosus (Mucor racemosus) 1.0 * 10
2～5.0 * 10
4Cfu/ml and aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) 1.0 * 10
3～5.0 * 10
4The compound microorganism ferments microbial inoculum that cfu/ml formed.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned fermenting bed padding;
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
(1) takes by weighing each raw material by described weight portion;
(2) with plant cake, crop seed shell, crops straw, mushroom residue or leaf powder are broken into powder;
(3) each raw material is added fermenting agent while mixing, mixing stirs, and the moisture in the control mixed material remains on 30%～40% (wt%);
(4) with the mixed material stacking compacting behind the mixing, the surface covers sealing completely with plastic film, ferments 3～10 days, promptly.
The prepared fermenting bed padding that obtains of the present invention distributes bent perfume (or spice) or earth delicate fragrance, ordorless or other peculiar smell; The C/N ratio drops to below 30; Living bacteria count reaches 2 * 10
10More than the cfu/g; Induced worm egg death rate is more than 98%; Moisture is below 40%; The pH value is about 7.
Change the fermentation material for preparing over to the fermentation bed and get final product, in conjunction with thin excrement, measures such as even bedding and padding are turned in moisturizing, keep the good efficacy of fermentation bed.
The present invention's bedding and padding that ferment mainly have the advantage of following several respects:
(1) service time is long
In the 1-2 in addition 5 years pig house fermentation beds do not need to change bedding and padding, need not artificial clear excrement midway, flushing pig bed is swept colony house, can reduce the keeper on the one hand, saves manually expenditure, has saved water rate on the other hand again.
(2) temperature is suitable, and skin temperature is at 25 ℃-28 ℃.
(3) zero-emission, no foul smell, pollution-free
The beneficial microorganism effect is decomposed, is transformed, and the bottom hot-air makes the circle water evaporates at the end when flowing, and the circle end will keep optimum state, is destitute of smell, and ammonia concentration reaches 13.5mg/m
3, the pig farm environment be improved significantly.
(4) save feed, reduce cost, increase the benefit
Because pig manure, urine are converted into by microbial decomposition can be by pig feed with inorganic matter and mycoprotein matter, and the wood fibre in the sawdust and half fiber also can be degraded and change into the carbohydrate of easy fermentation, pig is edible by turning over arch, provide certain nutrition such as protein to pig, thereby reduced the supply of concentrated feed, test shows, saves concentrated feed 20%.
(5) incidence of disease of reduction pig reduces medication, improves meat quality
Use the present invention's bedding and padding that ferment can effectively reduce the generation, particularly respiratory disease of all kinds of eqpidemic diseases of pig and the generation of disease of digestive tract, tradition is raised and is declined to a great extent.The antibiotic input reduces 55.3%, and this not only reduces dosage, alleviates the expenses for medicine burden, has also improved pork quality simultaneously.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, advantage of the present invention and characteristics will be more clear along with description.But these embodiment only are exemplary, scope of the present invention are not constituted any restriction.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and down can make amendment or replace without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these modifications and replacing all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention the details of technical solution of the present invention and form.
The preparation of embodiment 1 fermenting bed padding
One, take by weighing each raw material by following weight:
Wood chip 35kg, rice husk 60kg, rice bran 4.8kg, (the Chinese patent publication number is the disclosed compound microorganism ferments microbial inoculum of CN 1966664A to compound microorganism ferments microbial inoculum 0.2kg; Application number: 200610078588.8; Denomination of invention: a kind of compound microorganism ferments microbial inoculum and production method and purposes that is used for compost fermentation);
Two, wood chip, rice husk and bran powder are broken into behind the powder and remain on 35% (wt%) while stirring the moisture that adds in the compound microorganism ferments microbial inoculum control mixed material; With the mixed material stacking compacting behind the mixing, the surface covers sealing completely with plastic film, ferments 8 days, promptly.
The preparation of embodiment 2 fermenting bed paddings
One, take by weighing each raw material by following weight:
Wheat bran 40kg, maize straw 55kg, dregs of beans 4.9kg, lactobacillus acidophilus (L.acidophilus) microbial inoculum 0.1kg (effective viable bacteria content: 5.0 * 10
8～1.0 * 10
10Cfu/ml);
Two, with wheat bran, while maize straw and bean cake powder are broken into and stir the moisture that adds in the compound microorganism ferments microbial inoculum control mixed material behind the powder and remain on 40% (wt%); With the mixed material stacking compacting behind the mixing, the surface covers sealing completely with plastic film, ferments 8 days, promptly.
The preparation of embodiment 3 fermenting bed paddings
One, take by weighing each raw material by following weight:
Wheat bran 35kg, leaf 60kg, rice bran 4.8kg, Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) microbial inoculum 0.2kg (effective viable bacteria content: 5.0 * 10
8～1.0 * 10
10Cfu/ml);
Two, with wheat bran, while leaf and bran powder are broken into and stir the moisture that adds in the Lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum control mixed material behind the powder and remain on 30% (wt%); With the mixed material stacking compacting behind the mixing, the surface covers sealing completely with plastic film, ferments 10 days, promptly.
The preparation of embodiment 4 fermenting bed paddings
One, take by weighing each raw material by following weight:
Wood chip 25kg, wheat bran 10kg, husk 20kg, peanut shell 20kg, maize straw 10kg, leaf 10kg, rice bran 4.0kg, colza cake 0.8kg, Pediococcus acidilactici (Pediococcus acidilacticii) microbial inoculum 0.2kg (effective viable bacteria content: 5.0 * 10
8～1.0 * 10
10Cfu/ml);
Two, with wood chip, wheat bran, husk, peanut shell, maize straw, leaf is while rice bran and coarse colza meal are broken into and stir the moisture that adds in the compound microorganism ferments microbial inoculum control mixed material behind the powder and remain on 38% (wt%); With the mixed material stacking compacting behind the mixing, the surface covers sealing completely with plastic film, ferments 10 days, promptly.
Test example 1 fermenting bed padding of the present invention is in the effect test on pig farm, Shunyi, Beijing
The fermenting bed padding that embodiment of the invention 1-4 is prepared changes the fermentation bed over to, is applied to pig house, and the experiment effect of 38 sows is as follows:
(1) fermentation time is short, long action time
The present invention's bedding and padding that ferment are long service time, and pig house fermentation bed does not need to change bedding and padding in the 1-2.The present invention ferment bed not only pig manure urine need not clear up, and the bedding and padding of fermentation bed all need not change in 1～2 year even 5 years.Need not artificial clear excrement midway, flushing pig bed is swept colony house, can reduce the keeper on the one hand, saves manually expenditure, has saved water rate on the other hand again.
(2) the fermentation bed tempertaure is suitable, and skin temperature is at 25 ℃-28 ℃.
(3) zero-emission, no foul smell, pollution-free
The beneficial microorganism effect is decomposed, is transformed, and the bottom hot-air makes the circle water evaporates at the end when flowing, and the circle end will keep optimum state, is destitute of smell, and ammonia concentration reaches 13.5mg/m
3, the pig farm environment be improved significantly.
(4) save feed, reduce cost, increase the benefit
Because pig manure, urine are converted into by microbial decomposition can be by pig feed with inorganic matter and mycoprotein matter, and the wood fibre in the wood chip and half fiber also can be degraded and change into the carbohydrate of easy fermentation, pig is edible by turning over arch, provide certain nutrition such as protein to pig, thereby reduced the supply of concentrated feed, test shows, saves concentrated feed 20%.
(5), the incidence of disease descends minimizing medication, raising meat quality
Because in the fermenting bed padding of the present invention a large amount of beneficial microbes are arranged, and be covered with pig house ground, the incidence of disease is lower in feeding process, the particularly generation of respiratory disease and disease of digestive tract, more traditional feeding manner declines to a great extent.The antibiotic input is compared existing mode and has been reduced 55.3%, and this not only reduces dosage, alleviates the expenses for medicine burden, has also improved pork quality simultaneously.
2 the present invention of test example are in the effect test on pig farm, Shunyi, Beijing
The fermenting bed padding that embodiment of the invention 1-4 is prepared changes the fermentation bed over to, is applied to pig house;
Cultivation density: child care pig 0.5～0.8m
2/ head is bred pig 1.2～1.5m
2/ head.
Moisture remains on about 35%, adopts to add wet spray in conjunction with mending the moisturizing of bacterium mode.
3～4 days thin excrement of child care pig are once bred 2～3 days thin excrement of pig once.Reissue the ferment material about 45 days once.
Only obviously take effect, compare with the full crack child care house of the high bed of tradition once week, the well-ventilated, the temperature matters, humidity is moderate, the even manageability of fermenting bed padding.
It is ruddy that pig shows as skin, the fur light, and back is straight, broad, and the state of mind is good, and the anti-stress performance strengthens, and discharge of eye reduces; 2 week back whole fermentation bed child care house air qualities obviously improve, and stink reduces; The growth of pig is accelerated, and every is increased weight about 10 jin, and the material anharmonic ratio descends more than 0.1.General health is greatly improved, and piglet does not have obvious diarrhea phenomenon and other disease.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of fermenting bed padding comprises that each raw material of following weight portion is made:
Wood chip or wheat bran 35-40 weight portion
Any one or more than one mixture 55-60 weight portion of forming by any part by weight in crop seed shell, crops straw, mushroom residue or the leaf
Rice bran or plant cake 3-6 weight portion
Anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum 0.1-0.2 weight portion.
According to the described fermenting bed padding of claim 1, it is characterized in that 2, the weight portion of each raw material is:
Wood chip or wheat bran 35 weight portions
Any one or more than one mixture 60 weight portions of forming by any part by weight in crop seed shell, crops straw, mushroom residue or the leaf
Rice bran or plant cake 4.8 weight portions
Anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum 0.2 weight portion.
3, according to claim 1 or 2 described fermenting bed paddings, it is characterized in that: described crop seed shell is any one or more than one mixture formed by any part by weight in rice husk, husk or peanut shell preferably; Described crops straw is selected from any one or more than one mixture formed by any part by weight in maize straw, broomcorn straw or the wheat stalk.
4, according to according to claim 1 or 2 described fermenting bed paddings, it is characterized in that: described anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum is selected from any one or more than one the composite anaerobic fermenting agent formed by any part by weight in Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum), lactobacillus acidophilus (L.acidophilus), the Pediococcus acidilactici (Pediococcus acidilacticii).
5, according to according to claim 1 or 2 described fermenting bed paddings, it is characterized in that: effective viable bacteria content of described anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum is 5.0 * 10
8～1.0 * 10
10Cfu/ml.
6, a kind of method for preparing claim 1 or 2 described fermenting bed paddings comprises:
(1) takes by weighing each raw material by described weight portion;
(2) with plant cake, crop seed shell, crops straw, mushroom residue or leaf powder are broken into powder;
(3) each raw material is added the anaerobic fermentation microbial inoculum while mixing, mixing stirs, and obtains mixed material;
(4) with the mixed material stacking compacting behind the mixing, the surface covers sealing completely with plastic film, fermentation, promptly.
7, in accordance with the method for claim 6, it is characterized in that: the moisture in the step (3) in the control mixed material remains on 30～40wt%.
8, in accordance with the method for claim 6, it is characterized in that: the fermentation time described in the step (4) is 3～10 days.
9, claim 1 or the 2 described fermenting bed paddings application in pig is cultured.
10, according to the described application of claim 9, it is characterized in that: described fermenting bed padding is transferred in the fermentation bed.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN101849511A (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2010-10-06 | 黑龙江洛东生物技术有限公司 | Padding for biological fermentation bed, preparation and application thereof |
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| CN107466877A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-15 | 南京原谷生物技术有限公司 | A kind of ox bed biological pad and its application method |
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| CN110169366A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-27 | 刘坚 | Its Zero-emission pig-raising method of a kind of pig raising system of zero-emission and application |
| CN112167166A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-05 | 内蒙古天科农牧业有限公司 | Ecological pig raising method |
| CN112335556A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-09 | 广州动物园 | Novel captive wild animal management method |
| CN112335556B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2022-05-06 | 广州动物园 | Novel captive wild animal management method |
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Application publication date: 20100303 |