CN112021471A - Functional crayfish feed and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Functional crayfish feed and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112021471A
CN112021471A CN202010787596.XA CN202010787596A CN112021471A CN 112021471 A CN112021471 A CN 112021471A CN 202010787596 A CN202010787596 A CN 202010787596A CN 112021471 A CN112021471 A CN 112021471A
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parts
crayfish
feed
fermented
functional
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Inventor
黄静
魏金涛
廖友新
吴恢
陈芳
赵娜
张巍
杜恩存
樊启文
郭方正
黄少文
孟宪东
金枫
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Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/189—Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Abstract

The invention discloses a functional crayfish feed and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: 13-17 parts of fermented insect protein, 18-25 parts of fermented mulberry branches and leaves, 3-7 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-7 parts of brewer's grain, 13-18 parts of soybean meal, 3-7 parts of malt roots, 20-30 parts of flour, 1-5 parts of shrimp bran powder, 0.5-2 parts of soybean oil, 0.5-2 parts of fish oil, 0.5-2 parts of attapulgite, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-1 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.2-0.5 part of salt, 0.05-0.2 part of choline and 0.5-2 parts of premix. According to the invention, the fermented mulberry branches and leaves obtained by fermenting the mulberry branches and leaves with the complex microbial inoculum-complex enzyme preparation and the fermented insect protein obtained by fermenting various feed proteins are added into the feed, so that the digestibility of the crayfish on the nutrient components is obviously improved, the immunity of the crayfish is enhanced, and the crayfish is promoted to grow rapidly; the feed has pure natural components, comprehensive and balanced nutrition, good food calling effect and important production and application values.

Description

Functional crayfish feed and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquatic feeds, and particularly relates to a functional crayfish feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, crayfish, the academic name of procambarus clarkia, is deeply loved by consumers due to delicious taste and tender meat quality, has short supply in the market, and has an increased breeding area year by year, thus becoming an important economic shrimp breeding in China. Although the market consumption of the crayfish is large and the breeding prospect is good, most farmers do not fully master the disease prevention and control technology of the crayfish, the frequent occurrence of 'May plague', enteritis, black gill disease and the like, and the crayfish on the market have complex raw material sources, mainly aim at promoting the rapid growth of the crayfish, neglect the regulation effect on the crayfish constitution, and the decline of the constitution is the fundamental factor of the disease outbreak of the crayfish.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the crayfish feed which can improve the body immunity of crayfish, is complementary in nutrition and functional active substances and is easy to digest and absorb, and the crayfish feed can obviously improve the survival rate and the growth rate of crayfish and further improve the economic benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a functional crayfish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13-17 parts of fermented insect protein, 18-25 parts of fermented mulberry branches and leaves, 3-7 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-7 parts of brewer's grain, 13-18 parts of soybean meal, 3-7 parts of malt roots, 20-30 parts of flour, 1-5 parts of shrimp bran powder, 0.5-2 parts of soybean oil, 0.5-2 parts of fish oil, 0.5-2 parts of attapulgite, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-1 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.2-0.5 part of salt, 0.05-0.2 part of choline and 0.5-2 parts of premix;
the fermented mulberry branch and leaf is obtained by compounding mulberry branch and leaf, corn flour and soybean meal, inoculating a composite microbial inoculum, adding a composite enzyme preparation for combined fermentation, wherein the composite microbial inoculum I is lactobacillus plantarum, beer yeast, bacillus subtilis and clostridium butyricum, and the composite enzyme preparation is cellulase, pectinase and beta-glucanase.
The fermented insect protein is obtained by compounding earthworms, hermetia illucens, silkworm chrysalis and corn flour, inoculating a compound microbial inoculum II and fermenting, wherein the compound microbial inoculum II is lactobacillus, beer yeast and bacillus subtilis.
The mulberry branch and leaf contains various bioactive components such as polysaccharide, flavone and alkaloid, and has multiple functions of resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, reducing blood sugar and blood fat, resisting viruses, improving the immunity of the organism, resisting oxidation and the like, but the mechanical harvesting of the mulberry branch and the feed mulberry planted in a large scale is not beneficial to the digestion and absorption of crayfish, so that the growth performance is reduced. After the mulberry branches and leaves are compounded with corn flour and soybean meal which provide fermentation carbon sources and nitrogen sources, the mulberry branches and leaves are subjected to combined fermentation by using a compound microbial inoculum-compound enzyme preparation, cellulose and macromolecular substances in the raw materials can be decomposed through the combined action of microorganisms and enzymes, bioactive substances such as lactic acid, various small peptides and oligosaccharides are generated, mulberry branches are softened, anti-nutritional factors in the mulberry branches and leaves are decomposed, and the function health-care effect and the digestion and absorption effect of the mulberry branches and leaves on crayfish are further improved. Can avoid the problems of reduced growth performance and the like caused by directly feeding mulberry branches and leaves.
The earthworm has comprehensive nutrition, rich contents of fat, mineral substances, vitamins and the like, and contains various bioactive components such as natural antibacterial substances, plasmin, lumbrokinase and the like; the black soldier fly has high protein content and is rich in active substances such as antibacterial peptide, chitin and the like; the silkworm pupa is rich in 18 amino acids, wherein the content of the essential amino acids accounts for more than 47 percent of the total amino acid content, the content of unsaturated fatty acids such as alpha-linoleic acid and linolenic acid, mineral elements and the like is also very rich, and the silkworm pupa contains bioactive components such as antimicrobial peptide and the like. According to the invention, earthworms, hermetia illucens and silkworm chrysalis are mixed, corn flour is added to provide a fermentation carbon source, and a compound microbial inoculum II is utilized for fermentation, so that chitin in the hermetia illucens and the silkworm chrysalis is decomposed into functional chitosan; macromolecular proteins in the earthworms, the hermetia illucens and the silkworm chrysalis are decomposed into polypeptides which are easier to digest and absorb, and particularly, the proteins in the silkworm chrysalis are decomposed into unique fishy-smelling attractant peptides to stimulate crayfish to eat; and after the silkworm chrysalis is fermented, the fishy smell contained in the silkworm chrysalis can be removed, so that the peculiar smell remained on the crayfish caused by directly feeding the silkworm chrysalis is avoided. The finally obtained fermented insect protein is acid-fragrant and attractive in feeding, rich in mycoprotein and high in digestibility, and meanwhile, the fermented insect protein can avoid oxidative rancidity caused by high fat content, so that the quality guarantee period of the insect protein is effectively prolonged.
Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented mulberry branch and leaf comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the mulberry branch and leaf, the corn flour and the soybean meal according to the proportion of 1: 0.6-0.7: mixing the raw materials in a mass ratio of 0.4-0.5 to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding 1x10 according to the inoculation amount into the mixture7～9x107Adding a first compound microbial inoculum into cfu/L, and adding a compound enzyme preparation according to the proportion of 30-60 g/t;
and S3, fermenting at normal temperature for 5-10 days to obtain the fermented mulberry branch and leaf.
Preferably, in the first composite microbial inoculum, the colony number ratio of lactobacillus plantarum, beer yeast, bacillus subtilis and clostridium butyricum is 1: 0.5-2.
Preferably, in the first composite microbial inoculum, the colony number ratio of lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis and clostridium butyricum is 1:1:1: 1.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the cellulase to the pectinase to the beta-glucanase in the complex enzyme preparation is 1: 0.5-2
Preferably, the mass ratio of the cellulase to the pectinase to the beta-glucanase in the complex enzyme preparation is 1:1: 1.
Preferably, in step S1 of the preparation method of fermented mulberry branches and leaves, the corn meal and the soybean meal are mixed, and the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 40-50%.
Preferably, the method for preparing the fermented insect protein comprises the following steps:
s1, pulping the earthworms and the hermetia illucens, crushing the silkworm chrysalis, and mixing the earthworm pulp, the hermetia illucens pulp, the silkworm chrysalis powder and the corn powder according to the weight ratio of 4-6: 3-4: 2-1: 1 in a mass ratio;
s2, inoculating a second compound microbial inoculum in an amount of 2-4% of the total weight;
and S3, fermenting for 5-10 days at normal temperature to obtain the fermented insect protein.
Preferably, in the second composite microbial inoculum, the colony number ratio of the lactic acid bacteria, the beer yeast and the bacillus subtilis is 1: 0.5-2.
Preferably, in the second composite microbial inoculum, the colony number ratio of the lactic acid bacteria, the beer yeast and the bacillus subtilis is 1:1: 1.
Preferably, in step S1 of the method for preparing fermented insect protein, a fermentation adjuvant is further added, and the fermentation adjuvant is: the molasses accounts for 0.4-0.6% of the total weight, the ammonium sulfate accounts for 0.2-0.4% of the total weight, and the sodium dihydrogen phosphate accounts for 0.02-0.05% of the total weight.
Preferably, the premix consists of a vitamin complex and a mineral complex.
The invention also provides a crayfish feeding method, namely the functional crayfish feed is used for feeding crayfish, and the specific feeding method comprises the following steps: the feeding amount of the crayfishes is 2% -4% of the total weight of the crayfishes every day, the crayfishes are fed twice a day, wherein the feeding amount of the crayfishes is 30% of the total feeding amount in the morning, and the feeding amount of the crayfishes is 70% of the total feeding amount in the afternoon.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the mulberry branches and leaves are subjected to combined fermentation by using a compound microbial inoculum-compound enzyme preparation, so that the mulberry branches can be softened, and anti-nutritional factors in the mulberry branches and leaves can be decomposed, thereby improving the digestibility of the crayfish on nutritional ingredients, enhancing the immunity and oxidation resistance of the crayfish, and reducing blood sugar and blood fat.
(2) The fermented insect protein is obtained by organically combining various feeding proteins and fermenting through compound microorganisms, so that the fermented insect protein is subjected to acid aroma feeding attraction, is rich in mycoprotein, high in digestibility and complementary in nutrition and functional active substances, can effectively replace expensive fish meal and feeding attractant in the traditional feed, is beneficial to absorption of nutrient substances by crayfish, and promotes rapid growth of crayfish.
(3) The crayfish feed prepared by the invention has the advantages of excellent quality, pure natural components, comprehensive and balanced nutrition, good food calling effect and high digestibility, and the crayfish feed prepared by the invention has good economic benefit and important production and application values.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a functional crawfish feed, comprising: 15 parts of fermented insect protein, 20 parts of fermented mulberry branches and leaves, 5 parts of rapeseed meal, 5 parts of brewer's grains, 15 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of malt roots, 25 parts of flour, 3 parts of shrimp bran powder, 1 part of soybean oil, 1 part of fish oil, 1 part of attapulgite, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.4 part of salt, 0.1 part of choline and 1 part of premix.
Wherein each 1 kg of premix comprises the following vitamins and minerals: VA (vitamin A)800000IU, VD38000 IU，VE 16000mg，VK3 5500mg，VB1 8000mg，VB2 5000mg，VB6 4500mg，VB124mg, VC 3500mg, nicotinamide 75mg, pantothenic acid 16000mg, folic acid 900mg, biotin 100mg, inositol 300mg, choline chloride 600mg, L-carnitine 50mg, copper sulfate 2.5g, ferrous sulfate 30g, manganese sulfate 8g, zinc sulfate 20g, sodium selenite 0.05g, calcium iodate 0.045g, cobalt chloride 0.1 g.
The preparation method of the functional crayfish feed comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of fermented mulberry branches and leaves: mixing folium Mori with waterBranches and leaves, corn flour and bean pulp are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 0.66: 0.44, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 45%; by inoculum size 5x107The cfu/L is inoculated with a first compound microbial inoculum (lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis and clostridium butyricum with the colony number ratio of 1:1:1: 1), and a compound enzyme preparation (cellulase, pectinase and beta-glucanase with the mass ratio of 1:1: 1) is added according to the proportion of 50 g/t; and (3) putting the mulberry branches and leaves into a one-way ventilating fermentation bag, and fermenting for about 7 days at normal temperature to obtain the fermented mulberry branches and leaves. Can be directly placed in a shady and cool ventilated place for long-term anaerobic preservation, and the fermentation bag is not damaged in the preservation process, so that the rat and the ant are prevented from biting and breaking the fermentation bag to cause deterioration.
S2, preparation of fermented insect protein: pulping fresh earthworms, pulping fresh hermetia illucens larvae, crushing silk reeling silkworm chrysalis (dried), and pulping according to the earthworm pulp: black soldier fly pulp: silkworm chrysalis meal: mixing the corn flour in a weight ratio of 4:3:2: 1; according to the proportion of 0.5 percent, 0.3 percent and 0.03 percent of the total weight of the four materials, molasses, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are respectively added as fermentation auxiliary materials and are uniformly mixed with the materials; inoculating a second compound microbial inoculum (lactobacillus, beer yeast and bacillus subtilis with the colony number ratio of 1:1: 1) by 3 percent of the total weight; then putting the mixture into a one-way ventilating fermentation bag to ferment for about 7 days at normal temperature to obtain the fermented insect protein. Can be directly placed in a cool and ventilated place in the bag for long-term anaerobic preservation, effectively slows down the oxidative rancidity of fat in the insect protein, thereby prolonging the shelf life of the fermented insect protein;
s3, mixing the fermented mulberry branch and leaf obtained in the step S1, the fermented insect protein obtained in the step S2 and other components in the feed raw materials in proportion to obtain the functional crayfish feed.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the functional crayfish feed comprises: 13 parts of fermented insect protein, 18 parts of fermented mulberry branches and leaves, 3 parts of rapeseed meal, 3 parts of brewer's grains, 13 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of malt roots, 20 parts of flour, 1 part of shrimp bran powder, 0.5 part of soybean oil, 0.5 part of fish oil, 0.5 part of attapulgite, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of carboxymethylcellulose, 0.2 part of salt, 0.05 part of choline and 0.5 part of premix.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the functional crayfish feed comprises: 17 parts of fermented insect protein, 25 parts of fermented mulberry branches and leaves, 7 parts of rapeseed meal, 7 parts of brewer's grains, 18 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of malt roots, 30 parts of flour, 5 parts of shrimp bran powder, 2 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of attapulgite, 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.5 part of salt, 0.2 part of choline and 2 parts of premix.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the functional crayfish feed is a conventional commercial crayfish feed, does not contain fermented insect protein and fermented mulberry branches and leaves, and comprises fish meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, flour, soybean oil, fish oil, attapulgite, shrimp bran powder, monocalcium phosphate, salt, premix and the like.
Application example growth Performance statistics and Biochemical index determination
Selecting 8000 tails of crayfish with the same batch and the specification of 8.92 +/-1.8 g, dividing the tails into 4 groups, wherein each group comprises 4 net cages (the size is 2x4 m), and 500 crayfish are thrown into each net cage. Crayfish feeds of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were fed separately. The test time is 2 months, the crayfish is fed according to 2% -4% of the weight of the crayfish in the whole test period, the crayfish is fed twice a day, 30% in the morning and 70% in the afternoon, and the crayfish is managed by a specially-assigned person. And after 2 months of cultivation, counting the average mass, the weight gain rate, the bait coefficient and the survival rate data of the crayfishes in each group. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Cray growth Performance statistics
Average mass (g/tail) Weight gain (%) Bait coefficient (%) Survival rate (%)
Example 1 30.43 241.14％ 3.47％ 90.15％
Example 2 28.67 221.41％ 3.61％ 87.43％
Example 3 29.35 229.04％ 3.55％ 88.58％
Comparative example 1 26.87 201.23％ 3.82％ 79.37％
According to the determination results in the table 1, compared with the conventional crayfish feed, the crayfish feed prepared by the invention can obviously improve the average quality, the weight gain rate and the survival rate of crayfish and reduce the feed coefficient, namely, the feed prepared by the invention can fully meet the nutritional growth requirement of crayfish, effectively improve the growth speed and the survival rate of crayfish, and therefore, has higher economic benefit.
After 2 months of cultivation, 10 crayfishes were randomly selected from example 1 and comparative example 1, hemolymph was extracted from the pericardial cavity, and after centrifugation, the supernatant, i.e., serum, was separated and used for measurement of biochemical indicators of serum, and the mean value was calculated, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Cray serum Biochemical index statistics
Item Example 1 Comparative example 1
Lysozyme (Ug/mL) 1.87 1.63
Ceruloplasmin (Ug/L) 85.08 76.20
Phenol oxidases (U/mL) 1.79 1.48
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) 4.34 4.29
Superoxide dismutase (U/mL) 19.37 16.82
Protein concentration (g/L) 128.93 109.32
Crayfish is an invertebrate, and nonspecific immunity is the main way to fight pathogenic microorganisms. The non-specific immune system of the crayfish mainly comprises 5 important immune factors of lysozyme, ceruloplasmin, phenol oxidase, alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase. According to the measurement results in table 2, compared with the conventional crayfish feed, the crayfish feed added with the fermented mulberry branches and leaves and the fermented insect protein can obviously improve the activity and the content of 5 enzymes of lysozyme, ceruloplasmin, phenol oxidase, alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase in the crayfish, and the crayfish feed can obviously improve the body immunity of the crayfish. Meanwhile, according to the measurement result of the protein concentration in the serum, the feed disclosed by the invention can be used for feeding crayfish, so that the digestion and absorption rate of the crayfish body and the protein concentration in the serum can be improved, the deposition of protein in the body is facilitated, and the growth of the crayfish is promoted.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. The functional crayfish feed is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13-17 parts of fermented insect protein, 18-25 parts of fermented mulberry branches and leaves, 3-7 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-7 parts of brewer's grain, 13-18 parts of soybean meal, 3-7 parts of malt roots, 20-30 parts of flour, 1-5 parts of shrimp bran powder, 0.5-2 parts of soybean oil, 0.5-2 parts of fish oil, 0.5-2 parts of attapulgite, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-1 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.2-0.5 part of salt, 0.05-0.2 part of choline and 0.5-2 parts of premix;
the fermented mulberry branch and leaf is obtained by compounding mulberry branch and leaf, corn flour and soybean meal, inoculating a composite microbial inoculum, adding a composite enzyme preparation for combined fermentation, wherein the composite microbial inoculum I is lactobacillus plantarum, beer yeast, bacillus subtilis and clostridium butyricum, and the composite enzyme preparation is cellulase, pectinase and beta-glucanase;
the fermented insect protein is obtained by compounding earthworm, hermetia illucens, silkworm chrysalis and corn flour, inoculating a compound microbial inoculum II and fermenting, wherein the compound microbial inoculum II is lactobacillus, beer yeast and bacillus subtilis.
2. The functional crawfish feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the fermented mulberry branches and leaves comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the mulberry branch and leaf, the corn flour and the soybean meal according to the proportion of 1: 0.6-0.7: mixing the raw materials in a mass ratio of 0.4-0.5 to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding 1x10 according to the inoculation amount into the mixture7～9x107Adding a first compound microbial inoculum into cfu/L, and adding a compound enzyme preparation according to the proportion of 30-60 g/t;
and S3, fermenting at normal temperature for 5-10 days to obtain the fermented mulberry branch and leaf.
3. The functional crayfish feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the colony number ratio of lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis and clostridium butyricum in the first composite microbial inoculum is 1: 0.5-2.
4. The functional crayfish feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the cellulase to the pectinase to the beta-glucanase in the complex enzyme preparation is 1: 0.5-2.
5. The functional crawfish feed according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1 of the preparation method of the fermented mulberry branches and leaves, the corn meal and the soybean meal are mixed, and the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 40-50%.
6. The functional crawfish feed of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the fermented insect protein comprises the following steps:
s1, pulping the earthworms and the hermetia illucens, crushing the silkworm chrysalis, and mixing the earthworm pulp, the hermetia illucens pulp, the silkworm chrysalis powder and the corn powder according to the weight ratio of 4-6: 3-4: 2-1: 1 in a mass ratio;
s2, inoculating a second compound microbial inoculum in an amount of 2-4% of the total weight;
and S3, fermenting for 5-10 days at normal temperature to obtain the fermented insect protein.
7. The functional crawfish feed according to claim 6, wherein the colony number ratio of lactobacillus, brewer's yeast and bacillus subtilis in the second composite microbial inoculum is 1: 0.5-2.
8. The functional crawfish feed of claim 6, wherein the step S1 of the preparation method of the fermented insect protein further comprises a fermentation adjuvant, wherein the fermentation adjuvant is: the molasses accounts for 0.4-0.6% of the total weight, the ammonium sulfate accounts for 0.2-0.4% of the total weight, and the sodium dihydrogen phosphate accounts for 0.02-0.05% of the total weight.
9. The functional crawfish feed according to claim 1, wherein the premix comprises multivitamins and complex minerals.
10. A crayfish feeding method, characterized in that the functional crayfish feed of any one of claims 1 to 9 is used for feeding crayfish, and the feeding method of the feed comprises the following steps: the feeding amount of the crayfishes is 2% -4% of the total weight of the crayfishes every day, the crayfishes are fed twice a day, wherein the feeding amount of the crayfishes is 30% of the total feeding amount in the morning, and the feeding amount of the crayfishes is 70% of the total feeding amount in the afternoon.
CN202010787596.XA 2020-08-07 2020-08-07 Functional crayfish feed and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN112021471A (en)

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