CN110934238A - Fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture, which is obtained by fermenting feed raw materials by a zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation; the feed raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 3-15 parts of shrimp meal, 8-20 parts of fish meal, 10-30 parts of soybean meal, 3-15 parts of hermetia illucens powder, 3-15 parts of shrimp shell powder, 3-15 parts of plasma protein, 1-10 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0-5 parts of water-soluble chitin, 1-10 parts of peanut meal, 5-20 parts of flour, 2-8 parts of potassium fulvate, 0-5 parts of fish oil, 0-5 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.1-1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1-10 parts of prawn premix and 1-10 parts of Chinese herbal medicine composite additive. The fermented feed disclosed by the invention adopts a method of granulating firstly and then fermenting, reserves the nutrient substances of the raw materials, is added with digestive enzyme and active bacteria, and has the functions of obviously enhancing the intestinal immunity of the prawns and protecting the liver and intestines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture feed, relates to feed for prawn culture, and particularly relates to liver and intestine protecting fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture under the synergistic action of bacteria and enzyme and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China and the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the demand and quality requirements of people on aquatic products are increasingly increased nowadays, the breeding industry is rapidly developed, and the breeding density of large-scale farms is improved to meet the market demand. The shrimps play an important role in the life of people due to the unique flavor and rich nutritive value, and the life quality of people is improved. However, with the rapid increase of the large-scale and intensive prawn culture degree, a large number of stress factors (such as nutrition, crowding, environmental changes and the like) in the culture process cause unhealthy intestinal tracts of prawns, indigestion and malabsorption, metabolic disturbance, further resistance reduction, easy disease epidemic, finally outbreak of culture environment deterioration and other problems.
The traditional feed refers to edible substances which naturally exist in the nature and can meet the nutrition required by cultured animals. However, with the continuous improvement of aquaculture level, the scale of animal production is intensified, and the nutrient components provided by natural feed are far from sufficient. Compared with the traditional expanded feed and cured feed for prawns, the fermented feed not only has more comprehensive nutrient substances, but also reserves beneficial flora and metabolites thereof required by animals, has rich contents of bioactive substances such as organic acid and the like, is beneficial to the intestinal health of aquatic animals, increases the beneficial flora in the intestinal tract, and promotes the digestion and absorption of cultured animals.
The fermentation material on the market at present is mainly prepared by adding bacterial liquid into soybean meal, soybean meal and peanut kernel meal serving as raw materials for fermentation, and the product has poor palatability, low nutrient utilization rate, short shelf life, more raw materials and complicated preparation, and is difficult to popularize in actual culture. Fermented feed is mainly used for aquatic products in China for 10 years. Although the fermented feed has good use effect in the initial stage, the fermented feed has limitation in application of prawns due to low feed utilization rate, excessive residual feed, water pollution, unsuitability for the habit of holding prawns and the like. A great deal of research reports on the improvement of the immunity of prawns by Chinese herbal medicine components, but the intestinal tracts of prawns do not have enzymes which directly damage the cell wall structures of plants, so that the medicinal components in the bags cannot be fully utilized, the efficacy of the Chinese herbal medicine is reduced, and the application of the Chinese herbal medicine in aquatic products is limited. Understanding and mastering the eating quality and nutritional requirements of the prawns, developing more scientific and comprehensive-nutrition feed and reasonably feeding the feed, which is the key to the success or failure of the prawns.
Disclosure of Invention
Although the nutritional requirements for culturing prawns have been reported in a large number of researches, the existing compound feed still cannot meet various nutritional elements required by the growth of the prawns, and the traditional method for culturing the prawns uses a large amount of powdery feed made of plant raw materials, so that the problems of low growth speed, low culture success rate, serious water pollution, low economic benefit and the like are caused, and the development of a novel fermented feed for culturing the prawns is urgently needed.
The invention aims to provide a fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture and a preparation method thereof.
Based on the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture is prepared by fermenting feed raw materials with zymophyte-enzyme composite preparation; the feed raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 3-15 parts of shrimp meal, 8-20 parts of fish meal, 10-30 parts of soybean meal, 3-15 parts of hermetia illucens powder, 3-15 parts of shrimp shell powder, 3-15 parts of plasma protein, 1-10 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0-5 parts of water-soluble chitin, 1-10 parts of peanut meal, 5-20 parts of flour, 2-8 parts of potassium fulvate, 0-5 parts of fish oil, 0-5 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.1-1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1-10 parts of prawn premix and 1-10 parts of Chinese herbal medicine composite additive.
Specifically, the prawn premix is shrimp crab Kangbao of Australian Biotechnology Limited in Jiangmen.
Preferably, the feed raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of shrimp meal, 10-15 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of hermetia illucens powder, 5-10 parts of shrimp shell powder, 5-10 parts of plasma protein, 3-8 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 1-3 parts of water-soluble chitin, 3-8 parts of peanut meal, 10-20 parts of flour, 3-8 parts of potassium fulvate, 1-4 parts of fish oil, 1-4 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.1-0.9 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1-10 parts of prawn premix and 1-10 parts of Chinese herbal medicine composite additive.
Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine compound additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of eucommia bark, 5-35 parts of astragalus powder, 5-30 parts of acanthopanax, 10-40 parts of hawthorn, 5-20 parts of asafetida, 5-25 parts of dried orange peel and 2-25 parts of mint leaf.
More preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine compound additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 10-30 parts of astragalus membranaceus powder, 5-20 parts of acanthopanax, 15-30 parts of hawthorn, 5-15 parts of ferula asafetida, 10-20 parts of dried orange peel and 5-20 parts of mint leaves.
The eucommia ulmoides can replace antibiotics for bacteriostasis, and has multiple effects of improving intestinal functions, promoting growth, resisting oxidation and stress, improving meat quality, increasing delicate flavor, enhancing body color, improving feed utilization rate, directionally nursing liver and gall of aquatic animals and the like. The astragalus polysaccharides have high content and strong immunocompetence, can comprehensively improve the immunity of organisms, promote the generation of antibodies, prolong the action time of the antibodies, can induce interferon, has the effects of resisting virus, protecting liver, resisting oxidation and the like, and improves the survival rate of prawn seedlings. The addition of a certain amount of asafetida and mint into the prawn feed can play a food calling role, improve the ingestion rate and the feed utilization rate of the prawns, reduce the feed coefficient and increase the weight of the prawns. The pericarpium Citri Tangerinae can improve nonspecific immunity of prawn, and prevent and treat prawn enteritis. The acanthopanax and the hawthorn also have the functions of enhancing immunity and improving the survival rate of the prawn seedlings.
Preferably, the zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation comprises a composite enzyme preparation, a fermentation culture medium and a composite bacteria preparation.
Preferably, the compound bacterium preparation is one or more of lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus coagulans and clostridium butyricum.
More preferably, the composite bacterial preparation is prepared from lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and clostridium butyricum according to the ratio of 3-8: 3:8: 1-3: 2-6 of bacteria number.
Preferably, the fermentation medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of molasses, 4-5 parts of corn starch, 8-10 parts of glucose, 0.4-0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.2-0.25 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2-0.25 part of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15-0.2 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.004-0.005 part of ferrous sulfate, 800.5-1 part of tween and 1000 parts of water 950-.
Preferably, the complex enzyme preparation is one or more of phytase, neutral protease, amylase, pectinase, galactosidase, cellulase, glucanase, lipase, maltase and mannanase.
More preferably, the compound enzyme preparation is phytase, neutral protease, amylase and pectinase, and the ratio of the phytase to the neutral protease to the amylase is 3-8: 1-5: 3-8: 1-5 of enzyme activity.
Further preferably, the phytase activity is 3000-8000U/g; the enzyme activity of the neutral protease is 1000-5000U/g; the enzyme activity of the amylase is 3000-8000U/g; the enzyme activity of the pectinase is 1000-5000U/g.
The soybean meal is a protein-rich byproduct obtained by extracting soybean oil from soybean, has the protein content of 35-50%, is a main raw material for preparing animal feed, and is widely used in poultry and aquaculture industry. The peanut meal is a product obtained by squeezing peanut kernels to extract oil, is rich in vegetable protein and has good taste, the protein content of the primary peanut meal is more than or equal to 50%, the protein content of the secondary peanut meal is more than or equal to 40%, and the peanut meal is suitable for being used in prawn aquatic feeds. However, due to the existence of various anti-nutritional factors in the vegetable raw materials such as bean pulp, peanut pulp and the like, the digestion and absorption of the animal to the nutrient substances of the feed can be reduced, and the health of the animal is influenced. For example, soybean antigenic protein in the soybean meal can cause allergic diarrhea of cultured animals, galactoside oligosaccharide (raffinose and stachyose) can cause symptoms such as flatulence, nausea and diarrhea, phytic acid can reduce the absorption and utilization of mineral elements such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and the like, meanwhile, the unused mineral elements are excreted to the outside of the body to easily cause environmental pollution, particularly water eutrophication, phytic acid is degraded by phytase to obtain water-soluble phosphate and inositol for promoting liver repair. In view of the above, it is necessary to process plant raw materials such as soybean meal to remove anti-nutritional factors and convert macromolecular proteins into small peptides which are easily absorbed and utilized. After the plant raw materials such as the bean pulp and the like are subjected to enzymolysis by composite enzymes such as phytase, protease, amylase and the like and are fermented by composite probiotics such as saccharomycetes, lactobacillus, bacillus and the like, the feed additive has the advantages of low antigen, easiness in absorption, good palatability and high small peptide content, is easier for digestion and absorption of animals, reduces the feed coefficient and reduces the occurrence of digestive tract diseases. Meanwhile, the Chinese herbal medicine components are subjected to the synergistic effect of the composite probiotics and the composite enzyme, the plant cell structure is damaged, and intracellular immune active components are released and are easily utilized by the prawns, so that the liver and intestine protecting effect is achieved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the components of the fermentation medium, and sterilizing to obtain the fermentation medium;
adding the compound bacteria preparation into the obtained fermentation medium, and culturing to obtain a zymophyte liquid;
and (3) adding the complex enzyme preparation into the obtained zymophyte liquid to obtain the zymophyte-enzyme complex preparation.
The obtained zymophyte-enzyme composite preparation is used for fermenting feed raw materials to obtain the fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture.
Preferably, the compound bacteria preparation is prepared by mixing 0.5-2 g: adding 80-120mL of the mixture into the obtained fermentation medium, and culturing to obtain zymophyte liquid.
Preferably, the composite bacteria preparation is put into the obtained fermentation medium, and the fermentation bacteria liquid is obtained after the culture is carried out for 8 to 12 hours.
More preferably, the compound bacteria preparation is prepared by mixing 0.5-2 g: adding 80-120mL of the mixture into the obtained fermentation medium, introducing nitrogen, maintaining pressure, and culturing at 30-100rpm for 8-12h under stirring to obtain zymophyte liquid.
Preferably, the complex enzyme preparation is prepared according to the weight ratio of 1-3 g: adding 80-120mL of the mixture into the obtained zymocyte liquid to obtain the zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the raw material components of the feed, and sequentially crushing, granulating and curing to obtain the nutritional granulated feed;
adding the zymophyte-enzyme composite preparation into the obtained nutrient pellet feed, and fermenting to obtain the fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture.
Preferably, the feed raw material components are weighed according to the parts by weight and mixed, and are subjected to superfine grinding, 60-100-mesh sieve sieving, and granulation, curing and cooling by a shrimp feed granulator to obtain the nutritional pellet feed.
Preferably, the fermentation medium components are weighed according to the parts by weight and mixed, and the fermentation medium is obtained through high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization.
Preferably, the obtained zymophyte-enzyme composite preparation is sprayed on the obtained nutritional pellet feed, mixed, subpackaged in fermentation bags, vacuumized and fermented to obtain the fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture.
More preferably, the zymocyte-enzyme compound preparation is prepared by mixing the zymocyte-enzyme compound preparation according to the proportion of 1: 1-4 mass ratio to the obtained nutritious pellet feed. Further preferably, the obtained zymophyte-enzyme compound preparation is sprayed to the obtained nutritional pellet feed, and the moisture content of the nutritional pellet feed after spraying is ensured to be 30-40%; more preferably, the moisture content is 34% to 38%.
More preferably, the fermentation bag is a 1-10kg one-way vent valve fermentation bag.
More preferably, the zymophyte-enzyme compound preparation is sprayed on the mixed nutrient pellet feed, mixed and subpackaged in fermentation bags, vacuumized and fermented for 3-7 days at 25-34 ℃ to obtain the fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture.
The prawn feed is a material source for prawn growth and development, and is the basis of energy metabolism. The feed raw materials are subjected to enzymolysis-fermentation processing, so that the utilization rate of the feed can be greatly improved, the palatability is improved, and the digestibility of the feed is improved. The utilization rate of the common feed can be improved by 5-15% or even higher through reasonable processing. The traditional feed processing method comprises cold processing and hot processing, wherein the cold processing refers to production by directly crushing various raw materials and mixing or carrying out chemical treatment without high temperature and high pressure, and the feed processed by the cold processing technology has poor palatability and is not easy to digest, so the feed coefficient is low. The heat processing technology needs to carry out high-temperature high-pressure treatment on feed raw materials, a large amount of nutrient components of the feed are lost after the high-temperature treatment, heat energy is consumed in the heating treatment process, and antibiotics need to be added to the heat processing technology to improve the utilization rate of the feed, so that the health and safety of bred animals and people are affected.
Compared with the traditional feed processing technology, the fermented feed disclosed by the invention adopts the processes of granulating firstly and fermenting secondly, so that the scientific and comprehensive nutritional ingredients and higher biological activity of the fermented feed raw materials are reserved, and the fermented feed has the function of enhancing the intestinal immunity of the prawns. The invention prepares the fermented feed into the soft pellet feed which is more suitable for the feeding habit of the prawns, improves the food intake of the prawns, reduces the generation of residual bait and is more convenient for feeding.
Specifically, the preparation method of the fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing feed raw material components according to the weight parts, mixing, carrying out superfine grinding, sieving with a 60-100-mesh sieve, and sequentially carrying out granulation, curing and cooling to obtain the nutritional granulated feed;
(2) weighing the components of the fermentation medium according to the parts by weight, mixing, and sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure to obtain the fermentation medium;
(3) mixing the compound bacteria preparation according to the weight ratio of 0.5-2 g: adding 80-120mL of the mixture into the obtained fermentation medium, introducing nitrogen, maintaining pressure, and performing stirring culture at 30-100rpm for 8-12h to obtain a zymophyte liquid;
(4) mixing the compound enzyme preparation according to the weight ratio of 1-3 g: adding 80-120mL of the mixture into the obtained zymocyte liquid to obtain a zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation;
(5) and (3) mixing the obtained zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation according to the proportion of 1: spraying the obtained nutritional pellet feed with a mass ratio of 1-4, mixing, subpackaging in 1-10kg one-way vent valve fermentation bags, vacuumizing, and fermenting at 25-34 deg.C for 3-7 days to obtain fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture.
Referring to FIG. 1, a process flow diagram of the present invention is shown.
More specifically, the preparation method of the fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing feed raw material components according to the weight parts, mixing, carrying out superfine grinding, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, granulating by a shrimp feed granulator, curing, and cooling to obtain nutritional granulated feed;
(2) weighing the components of the fermentation medium according to the parts by weight, mixing, and then sterilizing at the high temperature of 121 ℃ under high pressure to obtain the fermentation medium;
(3) mixing the compound bacterium preparation according to the proportion of 1 g: adding 100mL of the mixture into the obtained fermentation medium, introducing nitrogen, maintaining pressure, and performing stirring culture at 60rpm for 10h to obtain a zymogen liquid;
(4) mixing the compound enzyme preparation according to the weight ratio of 2 g: adding 100mL of the mixture into the obtained zymocyte liquid to obtain a zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation;
(5) and (3) mixing the obtained zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation according to the proportion of 1: 2.5, the water content is ensured to be 30-40 percent, the obtained nutrient pellet feed is mixed and then subpackaged in 10kg one-way vent valve fermentation bags, the vacuum pumping is carried out, and the fermentation is carried out for 7 days at the temperature of 25 ℃, thus obtaining the fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) compared with the traditional feed processing technology, the fermented feed is granulated firstly and then fermented, scientific and comprehensive nutritional ingredients and higher biological activity of the raw materials of the fermented feed are reserved, and the fermented soft pellet feed has the function of enhancing the intestinal immunity of the prawns; meanwhile, the synergistic action of the bacteria and the enzyme destroys the cell wall structure of the Chinese herbal medicine plant, so that the traditional Chinese medicine components in the plant cell are released, the immunity of the prawns is improved, and the growth of the prawns is promoted.
(2) The soft pellet feed prepared from the fermented feed is more suitable for the feeding habit of the prawns, improves the food intake of the prawns, reduces the generation of residual feed, and is more convenient to feed; by integrating the feed intake condition, death condition and liver and intestine tissue section analysis of the prawns, the fermented soft pellet feed has obvious liver and intestine protecting function.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a sectional view of prawn intestinal tissue in 400 Xfield for 3 days by using the fermented soft pellet feed of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a sectional view of prawn intestinal tissue in 400 Xfield for 8 days by using the fermented soft pellet feed of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a diagram of a prawn hepatic tubule slice of a prawn under 400 Xfield of vision for 3 days by using the fermented soft pellet feed of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a diagram of a prawn hepatic tubule section under 400 Xfield of vision for 8 days using the fermented soft pellet feed of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to illustrate the invention but not to limit it further.
Example 1
A preparation method of fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the components of the Chinese herbal medicine composite additive according to the following parts by weight, and mixing to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine composite additive: 10 parts of eucommia bark, 15 parts of astragalus powder, 12 parts of acanthopanax, 20 parts of hawthorn, 5 parts of asafetida, 10 parts of dried orange peel and 15 parts of mint leaf;
(2) weighing the following feed raw material components in parts by weight, and mixing to obtain the feed raw material: 5 parts of shrimp meal, 10 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of hermetia illucens powder, 5 parts of shrimp shell meal, 6 parts of plasma protein, 3 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 2 parts of water-soluble chitin, 3 parts of peanut meal, 10 parts of flour, 5 parts of potassium fulvate, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of soybean oil, 3 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.9 part of monocalcium phosphate, 8 parts of prawn premix and 5 parts of the Chinese herbal medicine composite additive obtained in the step (1);
(3) carrying out superfine grinding on the feed raw materials obtained in the step (2), passing through a 100-mesh sieve, and carrying out curing and cooling on the feed raw materials by a shrimp material granulator to obtain nutritional granulated feed;
(4) weighing the components of the fermentation medium according to the following parts by weight, mixing, and then sterilizing at 121 ℃ under high temperature and high pressure to obtain the fermentation medium: 10 parts of molasses, 4 parts of corn steep liquor powder, 8 parts of glucose, 0.4 part of sodium chloride, 0.2 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 part of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.004 part of ferrous sulfate, 800.6 parts of tween and 950 parts of water;
(5) according to the lactobacillus plantarum: enterococcus faecalis: brewing yeast: clostridium butyricum is 3: 6: 2: 2, weighing the bacteria in proportion, and mixing to obtain a compound bacteria preparation; mixing the obtained compound bacterium preparation according to the weight ratio of 0.8 g: putting 90mL of the mixture into the fermentation medium obtained in the step (4), introducing nitrogen, maintaining pressure, and performing stirring culture at 50rpm for 12 hours to obtain a zymogen liquid;
(6) according to the phytase: neutral protease: amylase: the pectinase is 1: 1: 1: 1, and mixing to obtain a complex enzyme preparation; the enzyme activity of the phytase is 5000U/g; the enzyme activity of the neutral protease is 2000U/g; the enzyme activity of the amylase is 5000U/g; the enzyme activity of the pectinase is 3000U/g; mixing the obtained compound enzyme preparation according to the weight ratio of 2 g: adding 95mL of the mixture into the zymocyte liquid obtained in the step (5) to obtain a zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation;
(7) and (3) mixing the zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation obtained in the step (6) according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.5 spraying the nutrient pellet feed obtained in the step (3), mixing, subpackaging in 10kg one-way vent valve fermentation bags, vacuumizing, and fermenting at 28 ℃ for 5 days to obtain the fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture.
Example 2
A preparation method of fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the components of the Chinese herbal medicine composite additive according to the following parts by weight, and mixing to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine composite additive: 15 parts of eucommia bark, 20 parts of astragalus powder, 10 parts of acanthopanax, 23 parts of hawthorn, 7 parts of asafetida, 15 parts of dried orange peel and 10 parts of mint leaf;
(2) weighing the following feed raw material components in parts by weight, and mixing to obtain the feed raw material: 7 parts of shrimp meal, 15 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of hermetia illucens powder, 8 parts of shrimp shell meal, 5 parts of plasma protein, 4 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 1 part of water-soluble chitin, 5 parts of peanut meal, 12 parts of flour, 4 parts of potassium fulvate, 1 part of fish oil, 2 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of soybean lecithin, 0.5 part of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of prawn premix and 10 parts of the Chinese herbal medicine composite additive obtained in the step (1);
(3) carrying out superfine grinding on the feed raw materials obtained in the step (2), passing through a 80-mesh sieve, and carrying out curing and cooling on the feed raw materials by a shrimp material granulator to obtain nutritional granulated feed;
(4) weighing the components of the fermentation medium according to the following parts by weight, mixing, and then sterilizing at 121 ℃ under high temperature and high pressure to obtain the fermentation medium: 10 parts of molasses, 4 parts of corn steep liquor powder, 9 parts of glucose, 0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.2 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 part of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.004 part of ferrous sulfate, 800.8 parts of tween and 960 parts of water;
(5) according to the lactobacillus plantarum: enterococcus faecalis: brewing yeast: clostridium butyricum is 5: 5: 1: 1, weighing the bacteria in proportion, and mixing to obtain a compound bacteria preparation; mixing the obtained compound bacterium preparation according to the proportion of 1 g: putting 100mL of the mixture into the fermentation medium obtained in the step (4), introducing nitrogen, maintaining pressure, and performing stirring culture at 60rpm for 10 hours to obtain a zymogen liquid;
(6) according to the phytase: neutral protease: amylase: the pectinase is 1: 1: 1: 1, and mixing to obtain a complex enzyme preparation; the enzyme activity of the phytase is 5000U/g; the enzyme activity of the neutral protease is 2000U/g; the enzyme activity of the amylase is 5000U/g; the enzyme activity of the pectinase is 3000U/g; mixing the obtained compound enzyme preparation according to the weight ratio of 1 g: adding 100mL of the mixture into the zymocyte liquid obtained in the step (5) to obtain a zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation;
(7) and (3) mixing the zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation obtained in the step (6) according to the proportion of 1: and (3) spraying the nutrient pellet feed obtained in the step (3) according to the mass ratio of 2.4, mixing, subpackaging in 10kg of one-way vent valve fermentation bags, vacuumizing, and fermenting at 28 ℃ for 5 days to obtain the fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture.
Example 3
A preparation method of fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the components of the Chinese herbal medicine composite additive according to the following parts by weight, and mixing to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine composite additive: 8 parts of eucommia bark, 20 parts of astragalus powder, 17 parts of acanthopanax, 25 parts of hawthorn, 15 parts of asafetida, 20 parts of dried orange peel and 13 parts of mint leaf;
(2) weighing the following feed raw material components in parts by weight, and mixing to obtain the feed raw material: 12 parts of shrimp meal, 12 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of hermetia illucens powder, 10 parts of shrimp shell meal, 10 parts of plasma protein, 8 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 1 part of water-soluble chitin, 8 parts of peanut meal, 10 parts of flour, 8 parts of potassium fulvate, 3 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.6 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of prawn premix and 8 parts of the Chinese herbal medicine composite additive obtained in the step (1);
(3) carrying out superfine grinding on the feed raw materials obtained in the step (2), passing through a 80-mesh sieve, and carrying out curing and cooling on the feed raw materials by a shrimp material granulator to obtain nutritional granulated feed;
(4) weighing the components of the fermentation medium according to the following parts by weight, mixing, and then sterilizing at 121 ℃ under high temperature and high pressure to obtain the fermentation medium: 20 parts of molasses, 5 parts of corn steep liquor powder, 10 parts of glucose, 0.4 part of sodium chloride, 0.25 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.25 part of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.005 part of ferrous sulfate, 800.9 parts of tween and 965 parts of water;
(5) according to the lactobacillus plantarum: enterococcus faecalis: brewing yeast: clostridium butyricum is 4: 5: 2: 2, weighing the bacteria in proportion, and mixing to obtain a compound bacteria preparation; mixing the obtained compound bacterium preparation according to the proportion of 1 g: putting 100mL of the mixture into the fermentation medium obtained in the step (4), introducing nitrogen, maintaining pressure, and stirring and culturing at 80rpm for 9 hours to obtain a zymogen liquid;
(6) according to the phytase: neutral protease: amylase: the pectinase is 1: 1: 1: 1, and mixing to obtain a complex enzyme preparation; the enzyme activity of the phytase is 5000U/g; the enzyme activity of the neutral protease is 2000U/g; the enzyme activity of the amylase is 5000U/g; the enzyme activity of the pectinase is 3000U/g; and mixing the obtained compound enzyme preparation according to the weight ratio of 3 g: adding 100mL of the mixture into the zymocyte liquid obtained in the step (5) to obtain a zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation;
(7) and (3) mixing the zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation obtained in the step (6) according to the proportion of 1: and (3) spraying the nutrient pellet feed obtained in the step (3) according to the mass ratio of 2.6, mixing, subpackaging in 10kg of one-way vent valve fermentation bags, vacuumizing, and fermenting at 26 ℃ for 6 days to obtain the fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture.
Example 4
A preparation method of fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the components of the Chinese herbal medicine composite additive according to the following parts by weight, and mixing to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine composite additive: 25 parts of eucommia bark, 25 parts of astragalus powder, 6 parts of acanthopanax, 30 parts of hawthorn, 19 parts of asafetida, 25 parts of dried orange peel and 20 parts of mint leaf;
(2) weighing the following feed raw material components in parts by weight, and mixing to obtain the feed raw material: 10 parts of shrimp meal, 20 parts of fish meal, 18 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of hermetia illucens powder, 15 parts of shrimp shell meal, 15 parts of plasma protein, 5 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 3 parts of water-soluble chitin, 6 parts of peanut meal, 8 parts of flour, 4 parts of potassium fulvate, 4 parts of fish oil, 4 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.4 part of monocalcium phosphate, 10 parts of prawn premix and 6 parts of the Chinese herbal medicine composite additive obtained in the step (1);
(3) carrying out superfine grinding on the feed raw materials obtained in the step (2), passing through a 100-mesh sieve, and carrying out curing and cooling on the feed raw materials by a shrimp material granulator to obtain nutritional granulated feed;
(4) weighing the components of the fermentation medium according to the following parts by weight, mixing, and then sterilizing at 121 ℃ under high temperature and high pressure to obtain the fermentation medium: 15 parts of molasses, 5 parts of corn steep liquor powder, 10 parts of glucose, 0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.25 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.25 part of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.005 part of ferrous sulfate, 801 parts of tween and 1000 parts of water;
(5) according to the lactobacillus plantarum: enterococcus faecalis: brewing yeast: clostridium butyricum is 5: 6: 1: 3, weighing the bacteria according to the ratio, and mixing to obtain a compound bacteria preparation; mixing the obtained compound bacterium preparation according to the weight ratio of 0.8 g: putting 90mL of the mixture into the fermentation medium obtained in the step (4), introducing nitrogen, maintaining pressure, and performing stirring culture at 100rpm for 8 hours to obtain a zymogen liquid;
(6) according to the phytase: neutral protease: amylase: the pectinase is 1: 1: 1: 1, and mixing to obtain a complex enzyme preparation; the enzyme activity of the phytase is 5000U/g; the enzyme activity of the neutral protease is 2000U/g; the enzyme activity of the amylase is 5000U/g; the enzyme activity of the pectinase is 3000U/g; mixing the obtained compound enzyme preparation according to the weight ratio of 1 g: adding 80mL of the mixture into the zymocyte liquid obtained in the step (5) to obtain a zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation;
(7) and (3) spraying the zymophyte-enzyme composite preparation obtained in the step (6) to the nutritional pellet feed obtained in the step (3) according to the mass ratio of 1:2.7, mixing, subpackaging in 10kg of one-way vent valve fermentation bags, vacuumizing, and fermenting at 26 ℃ for 6 days to obtain the fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a commercial compound feed for prawns comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 20 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of rice bran powder, 6 parts of bran, 8 parts of squid liver paste, 20 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of wheat gluten, 5 parts of attapulgite powder and 10 parts of feed additive in parts by weight to obtain a raw material;
(2) adding the compound microbial inoculum and the compound enzyme preparation into purified water, then adding cane sugar, and uniformly mixing to obtain activated bacteria liquid;
(3) inoculating the obtained activated bacterium liquid into the obtained raw materials, mixing, and fermenting to obtain a fermented material;
(4) sterilizing and drying the obtained fermentation material to obtain the compound feed for the prawns.
Example 5
The fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture prepared in the embodiment 1-3 is subjected to prawn growth test, and the specific experimental scheme is as follows: after the prawns are temporarily cultured for 7 days, the prawns are divided into four groups, each group is divided into 3 groups, each group is divided into 120 groups, the prawns are placed in a 500L experimental barrel, after 2 days, the fermented soft pellet feed and the commercial compound feed of the comparative example 1 are fed according to the equal mass (calculated by dry matter) of the weight of the prawns, the water is changed once every 2 days, the water change amount is 15 percent, the water temperature is controlled to be 27.5 +/-1.2 ℃, the salinity is 25 percent, and the culture experiment lasts for 32. At the end of the test, the prawns in each bucket were weighed and the weight gain, feed factor and survival rate were calculated according to the following formulas, with the results shown in table 1.
(Wt-W) Weight Gain Ratio (WGR)0)/W0×100％；
Feed Coefficient (FCR) ═ F/(Wt-W)0)；
Survival Rate (SR) ═ Nt/N0×100％；
In the formula, Wt, W0Respectively the final weight (g) and the initial weight (g) of the prawns; t is the number of days of experiment (d); nt, N0After t days and initial prawn tails respectively; f is the amount (g) of the fermented soft pellet feed of the present invention or the amount (g) of a commercially available compound feed ingested on t days.
Table 1 experimental results of fermented soft pellet feeds prepared in examples 1-3
| Test items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 |
| Weight gain rate WGR% | 399.81±25.03 | 401.23±21.09 | 396.22±27.78 | 341.21±25.89 |
| Feed factor FCR | 1.18±0.12 | 1.17±0.11 | 1.17±0.12 | 1.43±0.15 |
| The survival rate is SR% | 92.2±4.8 | 91.7±3.7 | 93.1±5.6 | 82.7±5.7 |
Example 6
The survival rate test of the fermented soft pellet feed prepared in the examples 2 to 4 is carried out, and the specific experimental scheme is as follows: after the prawns are temporarily raised for 3 days, dividing the prawns into four groups, repeating the groups for 3 times, and repeating 40 prawns for each group, placing the prawns in a 150L experimental barrel, feeding fermented soft pellet feed with the same mass (calculated by dry matter) and the commercial compound feed of the comparative example 1 according to the weight of 3-5 percent of the prawns, changing water once every day with the water changing amount of 10 percent, controlling the water temperature to be 28.0 +/-1.0 ℃ and the salinity to be 26 percent, continuing the breeding test for 15 days, feeding fresh sick prawns infected with White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) on the day 16, feeding the prawns according to the weight of 5-8 percent after chopping, checking the activity condition of the prawns regularly, collecting and storing dead prawns at (-80 ℃) in time. The results of the experiments are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 statistical analysis of WSSV resistance of prawn
| Test items | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example 1 |
| Half lethality rate (h) | 138.22±5.69 | 136.87±6.87 | 142.35±8.62 | 98.33±8.63 |
| Survival rate (%) | 14.65±1.28 | 13.92±1.48 | 14.22±2.01 | 5.49±3.56 |
Example 7
The fermented soft pellet feeds prepared in examples 3 and 4 were tested according to the following specific test protocols: experiments are carried out in a 3-month-Wanning-city sloping steep-town Lei-Lao-Bao prawn farm in 2019, a farmer has 3 high-level pond film-coated ponds, a standard-seedling-first pond-to-pond breeding mode is adopted, the specification of prawns is 370 prawns/jin when the ponds are divided, 2 ponds are used for the fermented soft pellet feed of the embodiment 3 and 1 pond is used for the fermented soft pellet feed of the embodiment 4 after the ponds are divided, in addition, 1 pond is used for the compound feed of the comparative example 1, the results are shown in a table 3 after 4 months and 3 days and after 5 months and 28 days, the total time is.
TABLE 3 field test of fermented Soft pellet feed
Note: the bait coefficient is calculated according to the dry matter mass of the feed dosage/the total weight of the bait.
As can be seen from Table 3, the pond feed using the fermented soft pellet feed of the invention has the advantages of low feed coefficient, high feed utilization rate, high culture survival rate and improved production efficiency.
Example 8
In a 5-month-old Wanning-city sloping steep town king prawn farm in 2019, symptoms of different degrees appear in 1-mouth high-level pond of a farmer 30 days after seedlings are thrown, and the symptoms are shown as follows: soft shrimp shell, turbid shrimp body, fuzzy liver and pancreas and reddish intestinal tract. The feeding experiment was carried out using the fermented soft pellet feed of feeding example 4, and the dead shrimps were salvaged in the central drain of the pond every day for 8 days, and the weak shrimps near the edge of the feed table were salvaged for slicing observation on days 3 and 8, respectively, and the results are shown in table 4
TABLE 4 field test of fermented Soft pellet feeds
Note: 1% of feed in the daily feeding amount is put into the material table every day; feeding time: the time (h) taken by the feed in the feed finger platform from the time of input to the time of being eaten.
As can be seen from Table 4, after the soft pellet feed fermented in example 4 is used, the ingestion speed of the prawns is gradually increased, and the number of dead prawns is remarkably reduced; referring to fig. 2a-b, the intestinal tissue section of prawn at 3 rd and 8 th days under 400 x visual field, it can be seen that the intestinal structure of prawn is gradually clear, the mucosa and mucosal epithelial cells are gradually repaired and completely, and no shedding is seen after using the fermented soft pellet feed of example 4.
Referring to fig. 3a-b, which are the microtube sections of prawns under 400 × visual field on day 3 and 8, it can be seen that the volume of the microtube is increased, the arrangement is tighter, the size of the giant vacuole is reduced, the number of the hepatopancreas R cells is increased, and the microtube is basically recovered to be normal on day 8 after the fermented soft pellet feed of example 4 is fed. By integrating the feed intake condition, death condition and liver and intestine tissue section analysis of the prawns, the fermented soft pellet feed has obvious liver and intestine protecting function.
The above examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the invention clearly and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, in light of the above description, numerous modifications and variations can be made in the form and details of the embodiments of the invention described herein, and it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture is characterized in that the fermented soft pellet feed is obtained by fermenting feed raw materials with a zymophyte-enzyme compound preparation; the feed raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 3-15 parts of shrimp meal, 8-20 parts of fish meal, 10-30 parts of soybean meal, 3-15 parts of hermetia illucens powder, 3-15 parts of shrimp shell powder, 3-15 parts of plasma protein, 1-10 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0-5 parts of water-soluble chitin, 1-10 parts of peanut meal, 5-20 parts of flour, 2-8 parts of potassium fulvate, 0-5 parts of fish oil, 0-5 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.1-1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1-10 parts of prawn premix and 1-10 parts of Chinese herbal medicine composite additive.
2. The fermented soft pellet feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine compound additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-30 parts of eucommia bark, 5-35 parts of astragalus powder, 5-30 parts of acanthopanax, 10-40 parts of hawthorn, 5-20 parts of asafetida, 5-25 parts of dried orange peel and 2-25 parts of mint leaf.
3. The fermented soft pellet feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation bacteria-enzyme complex preparation comprises a complex enzyme preparation, a fermentation medium and a complex bacteria preparation.
4. The fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture as claimed in claim 3, wherein the compound bacteria preparation is one or more of Lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus coagulans and Clostridium butyricum.
5. The fermented soft pellet feed for prawn culture as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fermentation medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of molasses, 4-5 parts of corn starch, 8-10 parts of glucose, 0.4-0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.2-0.25 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2-0.25 part of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15-0.2 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.004-0.005 part of ferrous sulfate, 800.5-1 part of tween and 1000 parts of water 950-.
6. The fermented soft pellet feed for prawn cultivation as claimed in claim 3, wherein the complex enzyme preparation is one or more of phytase, neutral protease, amylase, pectinase, galactosidase, cellulase, glucanase, lipase, maltase and mannanase.
7. A preparation method of a zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the components of the fermentation medium, and sterilizing to obtain the fermentation medium;
adding the compound bacteria preparation into the obtained fermentation medium, and culturing to obtain a zymophyte liquid;
and (3) adding the complex enzyme preparation into the obtained zymophyte liquid to obtain the zymophyte-enzyme complex preparation.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the complex bacteria preparation is prepared by mixing the following components in an amount of 0.5-2 g: adding 80-120mL of the mixture into the obtained fermentation medium, and culturing to obtain a zymophyte liquid; mixing the compound enzyme preparation according to the weight ratio of 1-3 g: adding 80-120mL of the mixture into the obtained zymocyte liquid to obtain the zymocyte-enzyme composite preparation.
9. A process for the preparation of a fermented soft pellet feed as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
mixing the raw material components of the feed, and sequentially crushing, granulating and curing to obtain the nutritional granulated feed;
adding the zymophyte-enzyme composite preparation into the obtained nutritional pellet feed, and fermenting to obtain the fermented soft pellet feed.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the obtained complex formulation of the fermentation tubes and enzymes is prepared in a ratio of 1: 1-4 mass ratio to the obtained nutritious pellet feed.
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