CN111165282A - Red-core pitaya planting method capable of improving yield and sweetness - Google Patents

Red-core pitaya planting method capable of improving yield and sweetness Download PDF

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CN111165282A
CN111165282A CN202010110704.XA CN202010110704A CN111165282A CN 111165282 A CN111165282 A CN 111165282A CN 202010110704 A CN202010110704 A CN 202010110704A CN 111165282 A CN111165282 A CN 111165282A
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planting
watering
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seedlings
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崔艳兰
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor

Abstract

The invention provides a red-core pitaya planting method for improving yield and sweetness. The invention firstly sows and grows seedlings and then transplants, thereby ensuring the basic survival rate of the seedlings, and adopting artificial pollination to ensure the fruiting rate, thereby achieving the basic yield requirement. Watering and fertilizing management is carried out from the long stem and long leaf to the harvest stage, after the result is obtained, the mixed bacteria liquid is used for watering, and the clear water is used for watering the leaves for the rest time; after flower thinning, pricking mixed bacteria gel on one side of each flower far away from the top end of the branch, and spraying mixed bacteria liquid at the aerial root node every day; the mixed bacteria liquid is prepared by using mixed bacteria powder; the mixed bacteria gel is prepared by preparing mixed bacteria powder into gel; one of the most key technologies of the application is that the mixed fungus powder is prepared by mixing actinoplanes missurii and trichoderma harzianum according to a specific proportion.

Description

Red-core pitaya planting method capable of improving yield and sweetness
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seedling planting, in particular to a red-core pitaya planting method capable of improving yield and sweetness.
Background
Pitaya is a fruit cultivation variety of campylobacter of Cactaceae, is originally produced in Central America, and is a new tropical fruit. The dragon fruit has high nutritive value and good taste, and is popular with people. The dragon fruit has high economic value, is popular with fruit growers because of being put into harvesting for many years at a time, and needs to be built by upright posts to grow and develop in cultivation and planting because of the characteristics of growth and fruiting of the dragon fruit. The dragon fruit is rich in nutrition and unique in function, and contains plant albumin and anthocyanin which are few in common plants, abundant vitamins and water-soluble dietary fibers. The dragon fruit belongs to cool fruit, and in a natural state, the fruit is ripe in summer and autumn, and is sweet and juicy. The dragon fruit is tropical and subtropical fruit, and is light-loving, yin-tolerant, heat-resistant, drought-resistant, fertilizer-loving and barren-resistant. The stem and the meat grow rapidly in a warm and humid environment with sufficient light, the root system keeps a vigorous growth state, and water is drained timely in continuous rainy days to avoid stem and meat rot caused by pathogen infection. Its stem can be stuck on rock, and can be grown, and its plant can resist strong wind force, and its support can resist typhoon. The pitaya can resist low temperature of 0 ℃ and high temperature of 40 ℃, and the optimal growth temperature is 25-35 ℃. The dragon fruit can adapt to various soils, but the dragon fruit is preferably neutral soil and weakly acidic soil which contain much humus, retain water and fertilizer.
The dragon fruit can be divided into 3 types of red skin white meat, red skin red meat and yellow skin white meat according to the colors of the peel and the pulp of the dragon fruit, and the red skin red meat is a main cultivated variety in China at present and is also the red heart dragon fruit which is most popular by people.
However, the stamens and the flower columns of the red-heart pitaya flowers are equal in length or shorter, the self-flower affinity rate is low, meanwhile, the flowers are opened at night, the success rate of natural pollination is low, and most of the fruits subjected to natural pollination are underdeveloped due to incomplete pollination and are small in size. Meanwhile, as the dragon fruit plants grow rapidly, the germination branching capability is strong, and the reproductive growth period is long, the contradiction between the vegetative growth and the reproductive growth is prominent. Under the influence of the two factors, the yield and sweetness of the red-core pitaya cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a red-core pitaya planting method for improving yield and sweetness, and aims to solve the technical problems of unsatisfactory yield and sweetness and the like of the conventional pitaya planting.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a red-core pitaya planting method for improving yield and sweetness, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) sowing and seedling raising: uniformly scattering seeds of the red-core pitaya on the surface of the nutrient soil, germinating the seeds to grow seedlings, and moving the seedlings to be planted when the seedlings grow to 5-8 cm;
(2) carrying out moving cultivation: transplanting the seedlings together with nutrient soil into a planting field, and planting by adopting a column type planting method, wherein long stems and long leaves grow continuously;
(3) and (3) flowering and pollination: blooming and thinning, and carrying out artificial pollination after petals of the dragon fruit flower are completely unfolded;
(4) and (4) harvesting results: fruit thinning and harvesting;
watering and fertilizing management is carried out from long stems and long leaves to a harvesting stage, after the results are obtained, the mixed bacteria liquid is used for watering, and clear water is used for watering the fruits for the rest of time; after flower thinning, pricking mixed bacteria gel on one side of each flower far away from the top end of the branch, and spraying mixed bacteria liquid at the aerial root node every day; the mixed bacterial liquid is prepared by adding 1 part by weight of mixed bacterial powder into 100-150 parts by weight of clear water, and uniformly stirring; the mixed bacteria gel is prepared by stirring and dissolving 1 part of mixed bacteria powder in 1 part of sodium alginate solution with the mass concentration of 1-1.5%, slowly dripping 6-8 parts of calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 1-1.5% while stirring, and standing for 2-3 hours after dripping; the ratio of the viable count of Actinoplanes missouri and Trichoderma harzianum contained in the mixed bacterial powder is 1: 0.3 to 0.4.
Preferably, the specific method of watering management is: watering once a day on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature higher than 25 ℃, watering once every two days on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature of 15-25 ℃, watering once every three days on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature lower than 15 ℃, and draining water in time without watering in rainy days; the irrigation amount of the mixed bacteria liquid or clear water is 300-500 m per mu of land3。
Preferably, the specific method for fertilization management is as follows: in the stage of growing stems and leaves, fertilizing once every 20 days, wherein the application amount of the fertilizer is 2000kg per mu of land, and the fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15-25 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8-10 parts of nitrogen fertilizer and 7-9 parts of potassium fertilizer; in the stage of flowering and pollination, fertilization is carried out once every 20 days, the application amount of the fertilizer is 2000kg per mu of land, and the fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15-25 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8-10 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 15-20 parts of potassium fertilizer and 3-5 parts of magnesium fertilizer.
Preferably, the mixed bacteria gel is sucked by a syringe to realize the acupuncture inoculation, and the inoculation amount is 3mL per flower.
Preferably, the mixed bacteria liquid is sprayed once a day at each aerial root node, and the spraying amount is 5 mL.
Preferably, the preparation method of the mixed bacterial powder comprises the following steps:
(A) firstly, inoculating actinoplanes missurii strains to an ISP-2 culture medium, inoculating trichoderma harzianum strains to a PDA culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 4-5%, after culturing for 2-3 days, performing shaking culture at 180-200 r/min respectively, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the actinoplanes missurii is 28-30 ℃, and the culture time is 48-60 hours; the culture temperature of the trichoderma harzianum is 27-29 ℃, and the culture time is 72-75 hours; mixing the obtained fermentation liquor after the culture is finished to obtain mixed fermentation liquor;
(B) then, flocculating by using disodium hydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, wherein the addition amount of the disodium hydrogen phosphate and the addition amount of the calcium chloride are respectively 1-2% and 0.5-0.8% of the weight of the mixed fermentation liquor;
(C) and finally, performing filter pressing by using a plate frame, drying at 45-50 ℃ until the water content (weight) is 20-30%, performing cyclone separation, crushing by using a crusher, and sieving by using a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the mixed bacterial powder.
Preferably, in the step (1), the specific method for raising seedlings is as follows: uniformly scattering dragon fruit seeds on the surface of the nutrient soil, spraying clear water, covering with a transparent film, changing the preservative film and spraying the clear water every day, removing the plastic film after more than 90% of the seeds germinate, uniformly spraying the clear water every day, and moving the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 5-8 cm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method in parts by weight: firstly, mixing and uniformly stirring 1 part of mushroom residues and 2-3 parts of livestock and poultry manure, covering the mixture with a plastic film, composting and fermenting for 2-3 days, uncovering the plastic film, naturally drying the mixture, and then, stirring and uniformly mixing the mixture with 5-8 parts of coal gangue and 12-15 parts of rice husk to obtain the nutrient soil.
Preferably, in the step (2), the requirements of the planting field are as follows: a sandy loam land with fertile soil, good ventilation and sunny and good drainage performance is selected as a planting land, and the minimum temperature in winter is not lower than 8 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the planting parameters of the columnar planting method are as follows: evenly inserting cement or wood columns with the radius larger than 5cm and the height of 2m on a planting field, wherein the distance between every two columns is 2-2.5 m, cultivating 3-4 seedlings around each column, the depth of the root of each seedling is 2-3 cm, the distance between every two seedlings is larger than 3cm, and watering is not carried out within 3 days after planting.
Preferably, in the step (3), 3-4 flowers with the distance of more than 20cm from the top end are reserved on each branch during blooming, the distance between every two adjacent flowers is 25-28 cm, all the other flowers are thinned and pollen is collected, and the collected pollen is immediately used for artificial pollination of the pitaya flowers meeting the pollination condition.
Preferably, thinning is achieved by cutting the base of the flower with a pruning shear, then petals of the thinned flower are turned outwards and pressed by the left hand, so that the stigma and the stamen are completely exposed, a container is placed under the stigma and the stamen, the stamen is lightly knocked up and down by a small stick, so that pollen completely falls into the container, the pollen is uniformly stirred for later use after collection, and the collected pollen is collected along with collection, so that the activity is prevented from losing and the pollination effect is not influenced.
Further preferably, the specific method for artificial pollination is as follows: lightly smearing the collected pollen to the center of the stigma, wherein the pollinated pollen amount is 0.19-0.21 g/flower, and the pollination is finished within 5 hours after the flower is opened.
Preferably, in the step (4), the fruit thinning requirement is as follows: after the fruit type of the dragon fruit is presented, removing dysplasia, fruit type malposition and insect-resistant fruits, and reserving 2-4 fruits per branch.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method adopts a seed planting method, obtains the high-yield red-core pitaya through four steps of seeding and seedling raising, moving planting, flowering and pollination and fruit harvesting, and greatly improves the sweetness of the red-core pitaya. The specific analysis is as follows:
the red-heart pitaya has unique growth characteristics, the success rate of natural pollination is low, the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth is prominent (the vegetative growth is the growth and development of roots, stems, leaves, branches and the like of vegetative organs, the reproductive growth is the growth and development of reproductive organs such as flowers and fruits, the reproductive growth can be inhibited if the vegetative growth is too high, the reproductive growth can not be satisfied if the vegetative growth is too low, the requirement on the reproductive growth can not be satisfied if the nutrient-rich red-heart pitaya has higher requirements on the vegetative growth and the reproductive growth, and meanwhile, the certain planting difficulty of a pair of spearheads can be satisfied), the aerial roots can be grown very easily on the premise of insufficient nutrition or appropriate climate (humid and rainy), unstable growth and the like, so that the corresponding planting management is very important in different growth stages. The aerial roots are natural reactions made by the red-heart pitaya facing the planting environment in the growth process, but the moisture, nutrient substances and the like absorbed from the air by the aerial roots can not meet the nutritional requirements of the red-heart pitaya. The application aims at supplying nutrition to different growth stages of the red-heart pitaya, and the red-heart pitaya is watered with clear water and fertilized in the stem and leaf growing stage, so that the basic requirements of vegetative growth are met; after flower thinning, the mixed bacteria gel is inoculated and the air roots are sprayed with the mixed bacteria liquid, so that the reproductive growth requirement is locally strengthened, and the situation that the nutrition growth preempts the nutrition of the reproductive growth is avoided; and irrigating with the mixed bacteria liquid after the fruiting to supplement the nutrition growth requirement so as to prevent the weakness after the nutrition growth from failing to meet the requirement of reproductive growth. Aerial roots are very common in the red-heart dragon fruit plants, and mixed bacteria liquid is directly sprayed at the aerial root nodes and can be quickly absorbed by the plants, so that the corresponding nutritional effect is exerted.
The seedlings are sowed and then transplanted, so that the basic survival rate of the seedlings is guaranteed, and the fruiting rate is guaranteed by artificial pollination, so that the basic yield requirement is met.
The mixed bacteria liquid is prepared by using mixed bacteria powder; the mixed bacteria gel is prepared by preparing mixed bacteria powder into gel; one of the most key technologies in the application is that the mixed bacteria powder is prepared by mixing actinoplanes missurii and trichoderma harzianum according to a specific proportion, the actinoplanes missurii can secrete to generate isomerase, glucose is converted into fructose, the sweetness of the red-heart pitaya is improved, meanwhile, neomycin and freundin can be produced, diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated, and the yield of the red-heart pitaya is further improved. The other component of the mixed fungus powder, namely the trichoderma harzianum, can quickly grow on the root circumference and the leaf circumference of the red heart dragon fruit, occupies the surface sites, forms a protective cover to prevent pathogenic fungi from contacting the surfaces of plant roots and leaves, so as to protect the plant roots and leaves from being infected by the pathogenic fungi and ensure that the plants can grow healthily. Meanwhile, compounds stimulating growth and inducing defense reaction are generated, the microenvironment of the root system is improved, the disease resistance of plants is enhanced, and the yield of the red-core pitaya is increased. More importantly, the Actinoplanes missouri are suitable for living under the alkalescent condition, the vitality of the Actinoplanes missouri under the acidic condition is very low, the sweetness improving effect can be naturally influenced, the Trichoderma harzianum can just replace solidified calcium ions and magnesium ions in the environment, the acidity and the alkalinity of the system are balanced, and the system is prevented from being too acidic to kill the Actinoplanes missouri. The dosage of trichoderma harzianum is not excessive, the trichoderma harzianum has certain inhibiting effect on other microorganisms, and the activity of actinoplanes missurii can be inhibited by excessive dosage.
The sweetness of the red pitaya is derived from fructose and glucose, the sweetness of the fructose is far higher than that of the glucose, the glucose and the fructose are isomers, the glucose is polyhydroxy aldehyde, and the fructose is polyhydroxy ketone. The sweetness of the red-core pitaya can be improved by converting glucose into fructose through isomerase secreted by actinoplanes missurii. Compared with other fruits, the red heart pitaya has the most remarkable characteristic of containing a large amount of anthocyanin, the content of sugar is a main factor influencing the formation of the anthocyanin, the anthocyanin is a pigment formed when pentose phosphate breathes vigorously, any factor influencing the synthesis and accumulation of the sugar influences the development of the anthocyanin, and in the red heart pitaya, the anthocyanin is not in a free state and needs to form anthocyanin through a glycosidic bond with one or more glucose and the like. The plant growth stimulating effect of trichoderma harzianum is beneficial to the mass accumulation of sugar, and simultaneously satisfies the mass demand of anthocyanin on glucose and consumption and the conversion of glucose to fructose.
According to the invention, by utilizing the property that sodium alginate rapidly undergoes ion exchange when meeting calcium ions and then gels, the mixed bacteria powder is prepared into a gel, is inoculated at the lower end of a flower by needling after the flower is thinned, is slowly conveyed to the position of the flower along with the conveying of water and nutrition, and plays a role in glucose isomerization, and is a continuous role, so that the fructose content in the obtained red-core pitaya is effectively ensured, and the sweetness is improved; the needling inoculation is selected after flower thinning, on one hand, the dosage of the gel is reduced to avoid waste caused by subsequent flower thinning, and on the other hand, the premature inoculation of the gel can influence the nutrient source of plant growth to cause low yield. The mixed bacteria liquid irrigation is selected after fruiting, and since the fruit begins to form at this time, direct irrigation can rapidly take effect, and the direct irrigation can be overlapped with effective components in the gel, so that the glucose isomerization at the stage is enhanced, the fructose content in the finally harvested fruit is further improved, and the sweetness is improved.
The root system of the red-core pitaya is a shallow root which grows horizontally, the main root is not available, and a large number of lateral roots are distributed on the shallow surface layer of the soil. The nutrient soil is prepared from mushroom residues, livestock and poultry manure, coal gangue, rice hulls and the like serving as raw materials, the mushroom residues contain rich organic matters, the coal gangue contains minerals and can improve the soil, the rice hulls can preserve heat and also can enable the nutrient soil to be loose and breathable, and the rice hulls are a pure natural fertilizer after being naturally decomposed. The nutrient soil is fluffy, breathable, not hardened, quick in water seepage, free of water accumulation, capable of preventing root rot of seedlings, capable of improving survival rate, capable of providing proper nutrition and capable of promoting growth.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the invention, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, as defined and covered by the claims.
The actinoplanes missurii related by the invention, ACCC 40122; trichoderma harzianum, ACCC30371, was purchased from China agricultural culture Collection of microorganisms.
For comparison, the red-core dragon fruit seeds are red crystal varieties.
Example 1:
a red-core pitaya planting method for improving yield and sweetness comprises the following specific steps:
(1) sowing and seedling raising: uniformly scattering seeds of the red-core pitaya on the surface of the nutrient soil, germinating the seeds to grow seedlings, and moving the seedlings to be planted when the seedlings grow to 5-8 cm;
(2) carrying out moving cultivation: transplanting the seedlings together with nutrient soil into a planting field, and planting by adopting a column type planting method, wherein long stems and long leaves grow continuously;
(3) and (3) flowering and pollination: blooming and thinning, and carrying out artificial pollination after petals of the dragon fruit flower are completely unfolded;
(4) and (4) harvesting results: fruit thinning and harvesting;
watering and fertilizing management is carried out from long stems and long leaves to a harvesting stage, after the results are obtained, the mixed bacteria liquid is used for watering, and clear water is used for watering the fruits for the rest of time; after flower thinning, pricking mixed bacteria gel on one side of each flower far away from the top end of the branch, and spraying mixed bacteria liquid at the aerial root node every day; the mixed bacterium liquid is prepared by adding 1 weight part of mixed bacterium powder into 100 weight parts of clear water, and uniformly stirring; the mixed bacteria gel is prepared by stirring and dissolving 1 part of mixed bacteria powder in 1 part of sodium alginate solution with mass concentration of 1.5%, then slowly dripping 6 parts of calcium chloride solution with mass concentration of 1.5% while stirring, and standing for 2 hours after dripping; the ratio of the viable count of Actinoplanes missouri and Trichoderma harzianum contained in the mixed bacterial powder is 1: 0.4.
the concrete method for watering management comprises the following steps: watering once a day on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature higher than 25 ℃, watering once every two days on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature of 15-25 ℃, watering once every three days on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature lower than 15 ℃, and draining water in time without watering in rainy days; the irrigation amount of the mixed bacteria liquid or clear water is 500m per mu of land3。
The specific method for fertilization management comprises the following steps: in the stage of growing stems and leaves, fertilizing once every 20 days, wherein the application amount of the fertilizer is 2000kg per mu of land, and the fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 25 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of nitrogen fertilizer and 7 parts of potassium fertilizer; in the stage of flowering and pollination, fertilization is carried out once every 20 days, the application amount of the fertilizer is 2000kg per mu of land, and the fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 20 parts of potassium fertilizer and 3 parts of magnesium fertilizer.
And sucking the mixed bacteria gel by using an injector to realize acupuncture inoculation, wherein the inoculation amount is 3mL per flower.
And spraying the mixed bacteria liquid once a day at each aerial root node, wherein the spraying amount is 5 mL.
The preparation method of the mixed bacterial powder comprises the following steps:
(A) firstly, inoculating actinoplanes missurii strains to an ISP-2 culture medium, inoculating trichoderma harzianum strains to a PDA culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 5%, after 2 days of culture, carrying out shaking table culture at 200r/min respectively, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the actinoplanes missurii is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 60 hours; the culture temperature of the trichoderma harzianum is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 75 hours; mixing the obtained fermentation liquor after the culture is finished to obtain mixed fermentation liquor;
(B) then, carrying out flocculation by using disodium hydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, wherein the addition amounts of the disodium hydrogen phosphate and the calcium chloride are respectively 1% and 0.8% of the weight of the mixed fermentation broth;
(C) and finally, performing filter pressing by using a plate frame, drying at 45 ℃ until the water content (weight) is 30%, performing cyclone separation, crushing by using a crusher, and sieving by using a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the mixed bacterial powder.
In the step (1), the specific method for raising seedlings is as follows: uniformly scattering dragon fruit seeds on the surface of the nutrient soil, spraying clear water, covering with a transparent film, changing the preservative film and spraying the clear water every day, removing the plastic film after more than 90% of the seeds germinate, uniformly spraying the clear water every day, and moving the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 5 cm.
In the step (1), the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method in parts by weight: mixing and uniformly stirring 1 part of mushroom residues and 3 parts of livestock and poultry manure, covering the mixture by a plastic film, carrying out stack retting fermentation for 2 days, uncovering the plastic film, naturally drying the mixture, and then uniformly stirring the mixture, 8 parts of coal gangue and 12 parts of rice hulls to obtain the nutrient soil.
In the step (2), the requirements of the planting field are as follows: a sandy loam land with fertile soil, good ventilation and sunny and good drainage performance is selected as a planting land, and the minimum temperature in winter is not lower than 8 ℃.
In the step (2), the planting parameters of the column type cultivation method are as follows: cement or wood columns with the radius larger than 5cm and the height of 2m are uniformly inserted into the planting field, the distance between every two columns is 2.5m, 3 seedlings are planted around each column, the depth of the root of each seedling is 3cm, the distance between every two seedlings is larger than 3cm, and watering is not carried out within 3 days after planting.
In the step (3), 2 flowers with the distance of more than 20cm from the top end are reserved on each branch during blooming, the distance between every two adjacent flowers is 28cm, all the other flowers are thinned, pollen is collected, and the collected pollen is immediately used for artificial pollination of the pitaya flowers meeting pollination conditions.
The method is characterized in that thinning is achieved by adopting the base of a flower cut by a pruning shear, then petals of the thinned flower are turned outwards and pressed by a left hand, so that a stigma and a stamen are completely exposed, a container is placed under the stigma and the stamen, the stamen is lightly knocked up and down by a small stick, pollen completely falls into the container, the pollen is uniformly stirred for later use after collection is finished, and the collected pollen is adopted at any time so as not to lose vigor and influence the pollination effect. The specific method for artificial pollination is as follows: lightly smearing the collected pollen to the center of stigma, controlling the pollinated pollen amount to be 0.19 g/flower, and controlling pollination to be completed within 5 hours after the flower is opened.
In the step (4), the fruit thinning requirements are as follows: after the fruit type of the dragon fruit appears, the fruit with dysplasia, malposition and insect disease is removed, and 2 fruits are reserved in each branch.
Example 2:
a red-core pitaya planting method for improving yield and sweetness comprises the following specific steps:
(1) sowing and seedling raising: uniformly scattering seeds of the red-core pitaya on the surface of the nutrient soil, germinating the seeds to grow seedlings, and moving the seedlings to be planted when the seedlings grow to 5-8 cm;
(2) carrying out moving cultivation: transplanting the seedlings together with nutrient soil into a planting field, and planting by adopting a column type planting method, wherein long stems and long leaves grow continuously;
(3) and (3) flowering and pollination: blooming and thinning, and carrying out artificial pollination after petals of the dragon fruit flower are completely unfolded;
(4) and (4) harvesting results: fruit thinning and harvesting;
watering and fertilizing management is carried out from long stems and long leaves to a harvesting stage, after the results are obtained, the mixed bacteria liquid is used for watering, and clear water is used for watering the fruits for the rest of time; after flower thinning, pricking mixed bacteria gel on one side of each flower far away from the top end of the branch, and spraying mixed bacteria liquid at the aerial root node every day; the mixed bacterium liquid is prepared by adding 1 part by weight of mixed bacterium powder into 150 parts by weight of clear water, and uniformly stirring; the mixed bacteria gel is prepared by stirring and dissolving 1 part of mixed bacteria powder in 1 part of sodium alginate solution with mass concentration of 1%, then slowly dripping 8 parts of calcium chloride solution with mass concentration of 1% while stirring, and standing for 3 hours after dripping; the ratio of the viable count of Actinoplanes missouri and Trichoderma harzianum contained in the mixed bacterial powder is 1: 0.3.
the concrete method for watering management comprises the following steps: watering once a day on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature higher than 25 ℃, watering once every two days on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature of 15-25 ℃, watering once every three days on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature lower than 15 ℃, and draining water in time without watering in rainy days; the irrigation amount of the mixed bacteria liquid or clear water is 300m per mu of land3。
The specific method for fertilization management comprises the following steps: in the stage of growing stems and leaves, fertilizing once every 20 days, wherein the application amount of the fertilizer is 2000kg per mu of land, and the fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8 parts of nitrogen fertilizer and 9 parts of potassium fertilizer; in the stage of flowering and pollination, fertilization is carried out once every 20 days, the application amount of the fertilizer is 2000kg per mu of land, and the fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 25 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 15 parts of potassium fertilizer and 5 parts of magnesium fertilizer.
And sucking the mixed bacteria gel by using an injector to realize acupuncture inoculation, wherein the inoculation amount is 3mL per flower.
And spraying the mixed bacteria liquid once a day at each aerial root node, wherein the spraying amount is 5 mL.
The preparation method of the mixed bacterial powder comprises the following steps:
(A) firstly, inoculating actinoplanes missurii strains to an ISP-2 culture medium, inoculating trichoderma harzianum strains to a PDA culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 4%, after culturing for 3 days, respectively culturing in a shaking table at 180r/min, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the actinoplanes missurii is 30 ℃, and the culture time is 48 hours; the culture temperature of the trichoderma harzianum is 29 ℃, and the culture time is 72 hours; mixing the obtained fermentation liquor after the culture is finished to obtain mixed fermentation liquor;
(B) then, the disodium hydrogen phosphate and the calcium chloride are utilized for flocculation, and the adding amount of the disodium hydrogen phosphate and the calcium chloride is respectively 2 percent and 0.5 percent of the weight of the mixed fermentation liquor;
(C) and finally, performing filter pressing by using a plate frame, drying at 50 ℃ until the water content (weight) is 20%, performing cyclone separation, crushing by using a crusher, and sieving by using a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the mixed bacterial powder.
In the step (1), the specific method for raising seedlings is as follows: uniformly scattering dragon fruit seeds on the surface of the nutrient soil, spraying clear water, covering with a transparent film, changing the preservative film and spraying the clear water every day, removing the plastic film after more than 90% of the seeds germinate, uniformly spraying the clear water every day, and moving the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 8 cm.
In the step (1), the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method in parts by weight: mixing and uniformly stirring 1 part of mushroom residues and 2 parts of livestock and poultry manure, covering the mixture by a plastic film, carrying out stack retting fermentation for 3 days, uncovering the plastic film, naturally drying the mixture, and then uniformly stirring the mixture, 5 parts of coal gangue and 15 parts of rice hulls to obtain the nutrient soil.
In the step (2), the requirements of the planting field are as follows: a sandy loam land with fertile soil, good ventilation and sunny and good drainage performance is selected as a planting land, and the minimum temperature in winter is not lower than 8 ℃.
In the step (2), the planting parameters of the column type cultivation method are as follows: cement or wood columns with the radius larger than 5cm and the height of 2m are uniformly inserted into the planting field, the distance between every two columns is 2m, 4 seedlings are planted around each column, the depth of the root of each seedling is 2cm, the distance between every two seedlings is larger than 3cm, and watering is not carried out within 3 days after planting.
In the step (3), 4 flowers which are more than 20cm away from the top end of each branch are reserved during blooming, the distance between every two adjacent flowers is 25cm, the rest flowers are all thinned, pollen is collected, and the collected pollen is immediately used for artificial pollination of the pitaya flowers which reach the pollination condition.
The method is characterized in that thinning is achieved by adopting the base of a flower cut by a pruning shear, then petals of the thinned flower are turned outwards and pressed by a left hand, so that a stigma and a stamen are completely exposed, a container is placed under the stigma and the stamen, the stamen is lightly knocked up and down by a small stick, pollen completely falls into the container, the pollen is uniformly stirred for later use after collection is finished, and the collected pollen is adopted at any time so as not to lose vigor and influence the pollination effect. The specific method for artificial pollination is as follows: lightly smearing the collected pollen to the center of stigma, controlling the pollinated pollen amount to be 0.21 g/flower, and controlling pollination to be completed within 5 hours after the flower is opened.
In the step (4), the fruit thinning requirements are as follows: after the fruit type of the dragon fruit appears, the fruit with dysplasia, malposition and insect disease is removed, and 4 fruits are reserved in each branch.
Example 3:
a red-core pitaya planting method for improving yield and sweetness comprises the following specific steps:
(1) sowing and seedling raising: uniformly scattering seeds of the red-heart pitaya on the surface of the nutrient soil, germinating the seeds to grow seedlings, and moving the seedlings to be planted when the seedlings grow to 6 cm;
(2) carrying out moving cultivation: transplanting the seedlings together with nutrient soil into a planting field, and planting by adopting a column type planting method, wherein long stems and long leaves grow continuously;
(3) and (3) flowering and pollination: blooming and thinning, and carrying out artificial pollination after petals of the dragon fruit flower are completely unfolded;
(4) and (4) harvesting results: fruit thinning and harvesting;
watering and fertilizing management is carried out from long stems and long leaves to a harvesting stage, after the results are obtained, the mixed bacteria liquid is used for watering, and clear water is used for watering the fruits for the rest of time; after flower thinning, pricking mixed bacteria gel on one side of each flower far away from the top end of the branch, and spraying mixed bacteria liquid at the aerial root node every day; the mixed bacterium liquid is prepared by adding 1 weight part of mixed bacterium powder into 120 weight parts of clear water, and uniformly stirring; the mixed bacteria gel is prepared by stirring and dissolving 1 part of mixed bacteria powder in 1 part of sodium alginate solution with mass concentration of 1.2%, then slowly dripping 7 parts of calcium chloride solution with mass concentration of 1.2% while stirring, and standing for 2.5 hours after dripping; the ratio of the viable count of Actinoplanes missouri and Trichoderma harzianum contained in the mixed bacterial powder is 1: 0.35.
the concrete method for watering management comprises the following steps: watering once a day on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature higher than 25 ℃, watering once every two days on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature of 15-25 ℃, watering once every three days on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature lower than 15 ℃, and draining water in time without watering in rainy days; the irrigation amount of the mixed bacteria liquid or clear water is 400m per mu of land3。
The specific method for fertilization management comprises the following steps: in the stage of growing stems and leaves, fertilizing once every 20 days, wherein the application amount of the fertilizer is 2000kg per mu of land, and the fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20 parts of plant ash, 12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 9 parts of nitrogen fertilizer and 8 parts of potassium fertilizer; in the stage of flowering and pollination, fertilization is carried out once every 20 days, the application amount of the fertilizer is 2000kg per mu of land, and the fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20 parts of plant ash, 12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 9 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 18 parts of potassium fertilizer and 4 parts of magnesium fertilizer.
And sucking the mixed bacteria gel by using an injector to realize acupuncture inoculation, wherein the inoculation amount is 3mL per flower.
And spraying the mixed bacteria liquid once a day at each aerial root node, wherein the spraying amount is 5 mL.
The preparation method of the mixed bacterial powder comprises the following steps:
(A) firstly, inoculating actinoplanes missurii strains to an ISP-2 culture medium, inoculating trichoderma harzianum strains to a PDA culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 4%, after culturing for 3 days, respectively culturing in a shaking table at 190r/min, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the actinoplanes missurii is 29 ℃, and the culture time is 55 hours; the culture temperature of the trichoderma harzianum is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 74 hours; mixing the obtained fermentation liquor after the culture is finished to obtain mixed fermentation liquor;
(B) then, the disodium hydrogen phosphate and the calcium chloride are utilized for flocculation, and the adding amount of the disodium hydrogen phosphate and the calcium chloride is respectively 1.5 percent and 0.6 percent of the weight of the mixed fermentation liquor;
(C) and finally, performing filter pressing by using a plate frame, drying at 48 ℃ until the water content (weight) is 25%, performing cyclone separation, crushing by using a crusher, and sieving by using a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the mixed bacterial powder.
In the step (1), the specific method for raising seedlings is as follows: uniformly scattering dragon fruit seeds on the surface of the nutrient soil, spraying clear water, covering with a transparent film, changing the preservative film and spraying the clear water every day, removing the plastic film after more than 90% of the seeds germinate, uniformly spraying the clear water every day, and moving the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 6 cm.
In the step (1), the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method in parts by weight: mixing and uniformly stirring 1 part of mushroom residues and 2.5 parts of livestock and poultry manure, covering the mixture by a plastic film, composting and fermenting for 3 days, uncovering the plastic film, naturally drying the mixture in the air, and then uniformly stirring the mixture with 7 parts of coal gangue and 13 parts of rice husk to obtain the nutrient soil.
In the step (2), the requirements of the planting field are as follows: a sandy loam land with fertile soil, good ventilation and sunny and good drainage performance is selected as a planting land, and the minimum temperature in winter is not lower than 8 ℃.
In the step (2), the planting parameters of the column type cultivation method are as follows: cement or wood columns with the radius larger than 5cm and the height of 2m are uniformly inserted into the planting field, the distance between every two columns is 2.2m, 3 seedlings are planted around each column, the depth of the root of each seedling is 3cm, the distance between every two seedlings is larger than 3cm, and watering is not carried out within 3 days after planting.
In the step (3), 3 flowers with the distance of more than 20cm from the top end are reserved on each branch during blooming, the distance between every two adjacent flowers is 26cm, all the other flowers are thinned, pollen is collected, and the collected pollen is immediately used for artificial pollination of the pitaya flowers meeting the pollination conditions.
The method is characterized in that thinning is achieved by adopting the base of a flower cut by a pruning shear, then petals of the thinned flower are turned outwards and pressed by a left hand, so that a stigma and a stamen are completely exposed, a container is placed under the stigma and the stamen, the stamen is lightly knocked up and down by a small stick, pollen completely falls into the container, the pollen is uniformly stirred for later use after collection is finished, and the collected pollen is adopted at any time so as not to lose vigor and influence the pollination effect. The specific method for artificial pollination is as follows: lightly smearing the collected pollen to the center of stigma, controlling the pollinated pollen amount to be 0.2 g/flower, and controlling pollination to be completed within 5 hours after the flower is opened.
In the step (4), the fruit thinning requirements are as follows: after the fruit type of the dragon fruit appears, the fruit with dysplasia, malposition and insect disease is removed, and 3 fruits are reserved in each branch.
Comparative example 1
And omitting the treatment step of inoculating mixed bacteria gel to the side of each flower far away from the top end of the branch by needling after flower thinning, and spraying the mixed bacteria liquid at the aerial root node every day.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
The 'mixed bacteria liquid irrigation' is replaced by 'clear water irrigation'.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
The mixed bacteria powder can be used for eliminating Trichoderma harzianum.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 4
The mixed fungus powder omits the actinoplanes missurii, the sweetness is obviously reduced, and the yield is also reduced.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 5
The ratio of the viable count of Actinoplanes missouri and Trichoderma harzianum contained in the mixed bacterial powder is 1: 0.25.
the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 6
The ratio of the viable count of Actinoplanes missouri and Trichoderma harzianum contained in the mixed bacterial powder is 1: 0.45.
the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 7
And (3) inoculating the mixed bacteria gel on one side of each flower far away from the top end of the branch in a needle punching way at the long-stem and long-leaf stage.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Test examples
The planting methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-6 were examined and included the yield per mu, the weight of individual fruit, and the sweetness of the harvested red-core dragon fruit, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of planting results
Mu yield (kg) Weight of a fruit (g, average) Sweetness (°)
Example 1 3218 823 23
Example 2 3220 822 23
Example 3 3225 825 24
Comparative example 1 3001 809 19
Comparative example 2 3012 800 20
Comparative example 3 2354 658 20
Comparative example 4 2633 703 15
Comparative example 5 2745 717 20
Comparative example 6 3122 813 20
Comparative example 7 2446 665 23
As shown in Table 1, the planting methods of examples 1 to 3 had high yield per mu, heavy weight per fruit, and high sweetness. In the comparative example 1, the treatment step of 'after flower thinning, carrying out needling inoculation on one side of each flower far away from the top end of the branch with mixed bacteria gel, and spraying the mixed bacteria liquid at the aerial root node every day' is omitted, the sweetness of the red-core pitaya is obviously reduced, and the yield is also reduced; compared example 2, the 'mixed bacteria liquid irrigation' is replaced by 'clear water irrigation', the sweetness of the red-core pitaya is obviously reduced, and the yield is also obviously reduced; the mixed fungus powder of the comparative example 3 omits the Trichoderma harzianum, the yield is obviously reduced, and the sweetness is also reduced to some extent; the mixed fungus powder of the comparative example 4 omits the actinoplanes missurii, the sweetness is obviously reduced, and the yield is also reduced to some extent; the mixed bacterial powder of the comparative example 5 contains actinoplanes missurii and trichoderma harzianum with the ratio of viable count of 1: 0.25, the dosage of Trichoderma harzianum is reduced, the yield is reduced, and the sweetness is also reduced. The mixed bacterial powder of the comparative example 6 contains actinoplanes missurii and trichoderma harzianum with the ratio of viable count of 1: 0.45, the dosage of trichoderma harzianum is excessive, and the trichoderma harzianum has an inhibiting effect on actinoplanes missurii, so that the sweetness is reduced to some extent, and the yield is also reduced. Comparative example 7 earlier needle inoculation affected the growth of red-heart dragon fruit plants, resulting in a significant reduction in yield and a reduction in the weight of individual fruit.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A red-core pitaya planting method for improving yield and sweetness is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) sowing and seedling raising: uniformly scattering seeds of the red-core pitaya on the surface of the nutrient soil, germinating the seeds to grow seedlings, and moving the seedlings to be planted when the seedlings grow to 5-8 cm;
(2) carrying out moving cultivation: transplanting the seedlings together with nutrient soil into a planting field, and planting by adopting a column type planting method, wherein long stems and long leaves grow continuously;
(3) and (3) flowering and pollination: blooming and thinning, and carrying out artificial pollination after petals of the dragon fruit flower are completely unfolded;
(4) and (4) harvesting results: fruit thinning and harvesting;
watering and fertilizing management is carried out from long stems and long leaves to a harvesting stage, after the results are obtained, the mixed bacteria liquid is used for watering, and clear water is used for watering the fruits for the rest of time; after flower thinning, pricking mixed bacteria gel on one side of each flower far away from the top end of the branch, and spraying mixed bacteria liquid at the aerial root node every day; the mixed bacterial liquid is prepared by adding 1 part by weight of mixed bacterial powder into 100-150 parts by weight of clear water, and uniformly stirring; the mixed bacteria gel is prepared by stirring and dissolving 1 part of mixed bacteria powder in 1 part of sodium alginate solution with the mass concentration of 1-1.5%, slowly dripping 6-8 parts of calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 1-1.5% while stirring, and standing for 2-3 hours after dripping; the ratio of the viable count of Actinoplanes missouri and Trichoderma harzianum contained in the mixed bacterial powder is 1: 0.3 to 0.4.
2. According to claimThe planting method is characterized in that the specific method for watering management is as follows: watering once a day on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature higher than 25 ℃, watering once every two days on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature of 15-25 ℃, watering once every three days on a sunny day with the highest daily temperature lower than 15 ℃, and draining water in time without watering in rainy days; the irrigation amount of the mixed bacteria liquid or clear water is 300-500 m per mu of land3。
3. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the specific method of fertilization management is: in the stage of growing stems and leaves, fertilizing once every 20 days, wherein the application amount of the fertilizer is 2000kg per mu of land, and the fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15-25 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8-10 parts of nitrogen fertilizer and 7-9 parts of potassium fertilizer; in the stage of flowering and pollination, fertilization is carried out once every 20 days, the application amount of the fertilizer is 2000kg per mu of land, and the fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15-25 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8-10 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 15-20 parts of potassium fertilizer and 3-5 parts of magnesium fertilizer.
4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the needle inoculation is achieved by aspirating the mixed bacteria gel with a syringe, and the inoculation amount is 3mL per flower.
5. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the mixed bacterial powder is prepared by the following steps:
(A) firstly, inoculating actinoplanes missurii strains to an ISP-2 culture medium, inoculating trichoderma harzianum strains to a PDA culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 4-5%, after culturing for 2-3 days, performing shaking culture at 180-200 r/min respectively, and the respective culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature of the actinoplanes missurii is 28-30 ℃, and the culture time is 48-60 hours; the culture temperature of the trichoderma harzianum is 27-29 ℃, and the culture time is 72-75 hours; mixing the obtained fermentation liquor after the culture is finished to obtain mixed fermentation liquor;
(B) then, flocculating by using disodium hydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, wherein the addition amount of the disodium hydrogen phosphate and the addition amount of the calcium chloride are respectively 1-2% and 0.5-0.8% of the weight of the mixed fermentation liquor;
(C) and finally, performing filter pressing by using a plate frame, drying at 45-50 ℃ until the water content is 20-30%, performing cyclone separation, crushing by using a crusher, and sieving by using a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the mixed bacterial powder.
6. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the specific method for raising seedlings is as follows: uniformly scattering dragon fruit seeds on the surface of the nutrient soil, spraying clear water, covering with a transparent film, changing the preservative film and spraying the clear water every day, removing the plastic film after more than 90% of the seeds germinate, uniformly spraying the clear water every day, and moving the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 5-8 cm.
7. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method in parts by weight: firstly, mixing and uniformly stirring 1 part of mushroom residues and 2-3 parts of livestock and poultry manure, covering the mixture with a plastic film, composting and fermenting for 2-3 days, uncovering the plastic film, naturally drying the mixture, and then, stirring and uniformly mixing the mixture with 5-8 parts of coal gangue and 12-15 parts of rice husk to obtain the nutrient soil.
8. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the requirements of the planting field are as follows: a sandy loam land with fertile soil, good ventilation and sunny and good drainage performance is selected as a planting land, and the minimum temperature in winter is not lower than 8 ℃.
9. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the planting parameters of the columnar planting method are as follows: evenly inserting cement or wood columns with the radius larger than 5cm and the height of 2m on a planting field, wherein the distance between every two columns is 2-2.5 m, cultivating 3-4 seedlings around each column, the depth of the root of each seedling is 2-3 cm, the distance between every two seedlings is larger than 3cm, and watering is not carried out within 3 days after planting.
10. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), 3-4 flowers with the distance of more than 20cm from the top end of each branch are kept during flowering, the distance between every two adjacent flowers is 25-28 cm, the rest flowers are all thinned and pollen is collected, and the collected pollen is immediately used for artificial pollination of the pitaya flowers which reach pollination conditions.
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