CN111093565A - 用于假体心脏瓣膜的心包密封元件 - Google Patents
用于假体心脏瓣膜的心包密封元件 Download PDFInfo
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- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2409—Support rings therefor, e.g. for connecting valves to tissue
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Abstract
在一个实施方式中,递送组件可包括环形框架、定位在框架内并固定至框架的小叶结构、和定位在框架的外表面周围的外裙部。环形框架可包括流入端和流出端,并且可在径向皱缩构型和径向扩张构型之间径向地皱缩和扩张。外裙部可包括心包组织,心包组织具有限定外裙部的第一表面的纤维壁层和限定外裙部的第二表面的浆膜壁层。外裙部可被定位成使得第一表面背向框架,而第二表面面向框架。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及可植入、可扩张的假体装置,并且涉及用于这种假体装置的方法和设备(器械,apparatuses)。
背景技术
人的心脏可患有各种瓣膜性疾病。这些瓣膜性疾病可导致心脏的重大故障,并最终需要用人工瓣膜替代天然瓣膜。存在多种已知的人工瓣膜以及将这些人工瓣膜植入人体内的多种已知方法。由于与常规心脏直视手术有关的缺点,经皮和微创手术方法正获得强烈的关注。在一种技术中,假体瓣膜被配置以通过导管插入,以侵入性要小得多的程序进行植入。例如,可皱缩的(collapsible)经导管假体心脏瓣膜可折皱(crimped)至压缩状态并以压缩状态在导管上经皮引入,并在期望的位置处通过球囊(balloon)膨胀或通过利用自扩张框架或支架扩张至功能尺寸。
用于这种程序中的假体瓣膜可包括可径向皱缩和扩张的框架,假体瓣膜的小叶可耦接至该框架,并且该框架可以以皱缩构型在导管上经皮引入,并在期望的位置中通过球囊膨胀或通过利用自扩张框架或支架扩张。导管植入式假体瓣膜的挑战是控制瓣膜周围的瓣周漏,瓣周漏会在初始植入后发生一段时间。另一挑战包括将这种假体瓣膜折皱成适合经皮递送至对象的轮廓(剖面,profile)的过程。
发明内容
本公开的前述内容和其它目的、特征和优点将通过参考附图进行的以下详细描述而变得更加明显。
在一个实施方式中,可植入的假体瓣膜可包括环形框架、定位在框架内的小叶结构、和定位在框架的外表面周围的外裙部(outer skirt)。环形框架可包括流入端和流出端,并且可在径向皱缩构型和径向扩张构型之间径向地皱缩和扩张。外裙部可包括心包组织,所述心包组织具有限定外裙部的第一表面的纤维壁层(fibrous parietal layer)和限定外裙部的第二表面的浆膜壁层(serous parietal layer)。外裙部可被定为成使得第一表面背向(facing away from)框架,而第二表面面向框架。
在一些实施方式中,外裙部可包括牛心包组织。
在一些实施方式中,外裙部可被激光铣削(laser milled)以减小其厚度。
在一些实施方式中,外裙部的厚度可在50μm和150μm之间。
在一些实施方式中,外裙部可包括多个开口或狭缝。
在一些实施方式中,开口或狭缝中的至少一个可沿轴向方向伸长。
在一些实施方式中,外裙部可包括流出边缘部分和流入边缘部分。流出边缘部分可包括多个交替的突出部(projections)和缺口,并且突出部可固定至框架,而缺口可以不直接固定至框架。
在一些实施方式中,假体瓣膜可进一步包括增强条(增强带,reinforcingstrip),增强条缠绕在框架的流入端周围,使得增强条的第一端部至少部分地沿框架的内表面延伸并固定至框架的内表面,而增强条的第二端部至少部分地沿外裙部的外表面延伸并固定至外裙部的外表面。
在一些实施方式中,外裙部可用缝合线固定至框架。
在一些实施方式中,假体瓣膜可进一步包括定位在框架的内表面周围并固定至框架的内表面的内裙部(inner skirt)。
在一些实施方式中,内裙部可包括固定至框架的流出边缘部分和缠绕在框架的流入端与外裙部的流入端周围的流入边缘部分。在这种实施方式中,流入端部分可至少部分地沿外裙部的外表面延伸并且可固定至外裙部的外表面。
在一些实施方式中,假体瓣膜可进一步包括定位在外裙部的外表面周围并固定至外裙部的外表面的一个或多个条。
在一些实施方式中,条可包括织物材料。
在另一实施方式中,制造假体心脏瓣膜的方法可包括:提供包括纤维壁层和浆膜壁层的心包组织的片(块,a piece of);通过去除浆膜壁层的一部分来减小心包组织的片的厚度;和将心包组织定位在假体心脏瓣膜的框架的外表面周围并将其固定至假体心脏瓣膜的框架的外表面。纤维壁层可限定组织的第一表面,而浆膜壁层可限定组织的第二表面。心包组织可定位在框架周围,使得第一表面背向框架,而第二表面面向框架。
在一些实施方式中,心包组织的厚度可在50μm和100μm之间。
在一些实施方式中,减小心包组织的片的厚度的行为(act)可包括激光铣削浆膜壁层。
在一些实施方式中,方法可进一步包括在将心包组织的片定位在框架上之前,在心包组织的片中形成狭缝或开口。
在一些实施方式中,方法可进一步包括将多个假体小叶连接至框架的内部。
在另一实施方式中,植入假体心脏瓣膜的方法可包括:将递送设备的远端部分和耦接至递送设备的远端部分的假体心脏瓣膜插入患者体内;将假体心脏瓣膜定位成与患者心脏的天然瓣膜相邻;和径向扩张假体心脏瓣膜。假体心脏瓣膜可包括环形框架、定位在框架内并固定至框架的小叶结构、和定位在框架的外表面周围的外裙部。环形框架可包括流入端和流出端,并且可在径向皱缩构型和径向扩张构型之间径向地皱缩和扩张。外裙部可包括心包组织,心包组织具有限定裙部的外表面的纤维壁层和限定裙部的内表面的浆膜壁层。假体心脏瓣膜可扩张成使得纤维壁层可接触周围的天然组织。
在一些实施方式中,外裙部可包括多个狭缝或开口,使得顺行血液可流动通过狭缝或开口。
附图说明
图1-3显示了假体心脏瓣膜的示例性实施方式。
图4-10显示了图1的假体心脏瓣膜的示例性框架。
图11-12显示了图1的假体心脏瓣膜的示例性内裙部。
图13显示了处于皱缩构型并安装在示例性球囊导管上的图1的假体心脏瓣膜。
图14-16显示了图4的框架与图11的内裙部的组件。
图17-18显示了示例性小叶结构的组件。
图19显示了小叶结构的连合部分(commissure portions)与框架的窗口框架部分的组件。
图20-21显示了小叶结构沿小叶的下边缘与内裙部的组件。
图22显示了可形成外裙部的心包组织的横截面图。
图23显示了由图22的心包组织形成的示例性外裙部。
图24显示了使用图23的外裙部的示例性假体心脏瓣膜。
图25显示了由图22的心包组织形成的另一示例性外裙部。
图26显示了使用图25的外裙部的另一示例性假体心脏瓣膜。
图27-29显示了假体心脏瓣膜的示例性实施方式的各种横截面图。
图30显示了另一示例性假体心脏瓣膜。
图31显示了植入到患者的天然主动脉瓣中的示例性假体心脏瓣膜。
图32显示了植入到患者的肺动脉中的示例性假体心脏瓣膜和停靠装置(dockingdevice)。
图33显示了植入到患者的天然二尖瓣中的示例性假体心脏瓣膜和停靠装置。
图34-35显示了用于假体瓣膜的停靠装置的可选实施方式。
图36显示了植入到患者的下腔静脉中的图34-35的示例性假体心脏瓣膜和停靠装置。
具体实施方式
图1-3显示了根据一个实施方式的假体心脏瓣膜10的各种视图。虽然示例的假体瓣膜适于植入在天然主动脉瓣环中,但是在其它实施方式中,其可适于植入到心脏的其它天然瓣环(例如,肺动脉瓣、二尖瓣和三尖瓣)中。假体瓣膜还可适于植入体内的其它管状器官或通道中。假体瓣膜10可具有四个主要的构件:支架或框架12、瓣膜结构14、内裙部16、和瓣周密封装置或密封元件。假体瓣膜10可具有流入端部分15、中间部分17、和流出端部分19。在示例的实施方式中,瓣周密封装置包括外裙部18(其也可被称为外密封元件)。
瓣膜结构14可包括共同形成小叶结构的三个小叶41,其可被布置成以三尖瓣布置皱缩,如图2中最佳所示。小叶结构14的下边缘期望地具有波形的曲线形扇形形状(图21所示的缝合线154追踪(遵循,tracks)小叶结构的扇形形状)。通过形成具有这种扇形几何形状的小叶,减小了小叶上的应力,进而提高了假体瓣膜的耐久性。此外,借助于扇形形状,可使每个小叶的腹部(每个小叶的中央区域)处的褶皱和波纹消除或至少最小化,褶皱和波纹可在那些区域中引起早期钙化。扇形几何形状还减少了用于形成小叶结构的组织材料的量,从而允许在假体瓣膜的流入端处具有较小、较均匀的折皱轮廓。小叶41可由心包组织(例如,牛心包组织)、生物相容性合成材料、或本领域已知和描述于美国专利号6,730,118中的各种其它合适的天然或合成材料形成。
裸框架12显示于图4中。框架12可形成有适于将瓣膜结构14的连合连接至框架的多个周向间隔的槽或连合窗口20(在示例的实施方式中有三个),如以下更详细地描述。框架12可由各种合适的可塑性扩张材料(例如,不锈钢等)或自扩张材料(例如,镍钛合金(NiTi),如镍钛诺)中的任一种制成。当由可塑性扩张材料构造时,框架12(并因此假体瓣膜10)可在递送导管上折皱至径向皱缩构型,然后通过可膨胀球囊或等效扩张机构而在患者体内扩张。当由自扩张材料构造时,框架12(并因此假体瓣膜10)可被折皱成径向皱缩构型,并通过插入到递送导管的护套(sheath)或等效机构中而被限制在皱缩构型中。一旦在体内,便可从递送护套推进假体瓣膜,这允许假体瓣膜扩张至其功能尺寸。
可用于形成框架12的合适的可塑性扩张材料不限制地包括不锈钢、生物相容性高强度合金(例如,钴-铬合金或镍-钴-铬合金)、聚合物、或其组合。在具体实施方式中,框架12由镍-钴-铬-钼合金(如合金(SPS Technologies,Jenkintown,Pennsylvania),其等效于UNS R30035合金(由ASTM F562-02覆盖))制成。合金/UNS R30035合金包括按重量计35%的镍、35%的钴、20%的铬和10%的钼。当合金用作框架材料时,与不锈钢相比,实现相同或更好的径向力与压碎力抗性、抗疲劳性和耐腐蚀性则需要更少的材料。此外,由于需要的材料较少,因此可减小框架的折皱轮廓,从而提供较低轮廓的假体瓣膜组件以用于经皮递送至体内的治疗位置。
参考图4和5,示例的实施方式中的框架12包括端对端布置并在框架的流入端周向延伸的第一下排I的成角支柱(angled struts)22;第二排II的周向延伸的成角支柱24;第三排III的周向延伸的成角支柱26;第四排IV的周向延伸的成角支柱28;和框架的流出端处第五排V的周向延伸的成角支柱32。多个基本直的轴向延伸的支柱34可用于将第一排I的支柱22与第二排II的支柱24相互连接。第五排V的成角支柱32通过多个轴向延伸的窗口框架部分30(其限定连合窗口20)和多个轴向延伸的支柱31连接至第四排IV的成角支柱28。每个轴向支柱31和每个框架部分30从由两个成角支柱32的下端的会聚所限定的位置延伸至由两个成角支柱28的上端的会聚所限定的另一位置。图6、7、8、9和10分别是图5中由字母A、B、C、D和E标别的框架12的部分的放大图。
每个连合窗口框架部分30连接至小叶结构14的各自连合。可见,每个框架部分30以其上端和下端固定至相邻排的支柱以提供坚固的构型,与用于支持小叶结构的连合的悬臂式支柱相比,在假体瓣膜的循环负载下,此坚固的构型增强了抗疲劳性。这种构型能够减小框架壁的厚度,以实现假体瓣膜的较小的折皱直径。在具体实施方式中,在内径和外径之间测量的框架12的厚度T(图4)是约0.48mm或更小。
框架的支柱和框架部分共同限定了框架的多个开放单元(open cells)。在框架12的流入端,支柱22、支柱24和支柱34限定了下排的单元,下排的单元限定了开口36。第二、第三、和第四排支柱24、26和28限定了两个中间排的单元,两个中间排的单元限定了开口38。第四和第五排支柱28和32连同框架部分30和支柱31限定了上排的单元,上排的单元限定了开口40。开口40相对大并且被设定尺寸,以在将框架12折皱以最小化折皱轮廓时,允许小叶结构14的部分伸出或凸出到开口40中和/或伸出或凸出通过开口40。
如图7中最佳所示,支柱31的下端在结点或接合部(接点,junction)44处连接至两个支柱28,而支柱31的上端在结点或接合部46处连接至两个支柱32。支柱31的厚度S1可小于接合部44、46的厚度S2。接合部44、46,连同接合部64防止开口40完全闭合。图13显示了折皱在球囊导管上的假体瓣膜10。可见,在皱缩构型中,支柱31的几何形状和接合部44、46和64帮助在开口40中产生足够的空间,以允许假体小叶的部分向外伸出或凸出通过开口。与如果将所有小叶材料限制在折皱框架内相比,这允许将假体瓣膜折皱至相对更小的直径。
框架12被配置以减小、防止或最小化在预定的球囊压力下,特别是在支持小叶结构14的框架的流出端部分处,假体瓣膜的可能的过度扩张。一方面,框架被配置以在支柱之间具有相对较大的角度42a、42b、42c、42d、42e,如图5所示。角度越大,打开(扩张)框架所需的力越大。因此,可以选择框架的支柱之间的角度,从而在给定的打开压力(例如,球囊的膨胀压力)下限制框架的径向扩张。在具体实施方式中,当框架扩张至其功能尺寸时,这些角度是至少110度或更大,并且甚至更具体地,当框架扩张至其功能尺寸时,这些角度是上至约120度。
另外,由于用于扩张假体瓣膜的球囊的“狗骨头(dog-boning)”效应,框架的流入端和流出端通常倾向于比框架的中间部分更加过度扩张。为防止小叶结构14的过度扩张,小叶结构期望地被固定至框架12,位于上排支柱32下方,如图1最佳所示。因此,在框架的流出端过度扩张的情况下,小叶结构被定位在可能发生过度扩张的地方以下的水平,从而使小叶结构免于过度扩张。
在一种类型的假体瓣膜构造中,如果小叶被连接得太靠近框架的远端,则当假体瓣膜被折皱时,小叶的部分纵向伸出超过框架的流出端。如果其上安装了折皱的假体瓣膜的递送导管包括抵靠或毗邻假体瓣膜的流出端推动(例如,以维持折皱的假体瓣膜在递送导管上的位置)的推动机构或止动元件,则推动元件或止动元件可能损坏延伸超过框架流出端的被暴露的小叶的部分。将小叶连接在与框架的流出端间隔的位置处的另一益处是,当假体瓣膜被折皱在递送导管上时,框架12的流出端,而非小叶41,是假体瓣膜10的最近侧构件。因此,如果递送导管包括抵靠或毗邻假体瓣膜的流出端推动的推动机构或止动元件,则推动机构或止动元件接触框架的流出端,而不接触小叶41,以避免损坏小叶。
此外,如图5中可见,框架中最下排开口中的开口36相对大于两个中间排开口中的开口38。这允许框架在折皱时呈现整体的锥形形状,整体的锥形形状从假体瓣膜的流出端处的最大直径逐渐减小(tapers)至假体瓣膜的流入端处的最小直径。当折皱时,框架12可具有沿与框架的流入端相邻的框架的部分延伸的直径减小的区域,直径减小的区域总体上对应于由外裙部18覆盖的框架的区域。在一些实施方式中,与框架的上部(其未被外裙部覆盖)的直径相比,直径减小的区域的直径减小,使得外裙部18不增加假体瓣膜的总折皱轮廓。当假体瓣膜被部署时,框架可扩张成图4所示的总体上圆柱形的形状。在一个实例中,26-mm假体瓣膜的框架在折皱时,在假体瓣膜的流出端处具有14French的第一直径,和在假体瓣膜的流入端处具有12French的第二直径。
内裙部16的主要功能是帮助瓣膜结构14固定至框架12,并通过阻止血流通过小叶下边缘下方的框架12的开放单元来帮助在假体瓣膜和天然瓣环之间形成良好的密封。尽管可使用各种其它合成材料或天然材料(例如,心包组织),但内裙部16期望地包括坚韧的抗撕裂材料,如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。裙部的厚度期望地小于约0.15mm(约6密耳),并且期望地小于约0.1mm(约4密耳),并且甚至更期望地约0.05mm(约2密耳)。在具体实施方式中,裙部16可具有可变的厚度,例如,裙部在其边缘中的至少一个处要比其中心处更厚。在一个实施方案中,裙部16可包括PET裙部,PET裙部在其边缘处的厚度是约0.07mm,而在其中心处的厚度是约0.06mm。较薄的裙部可提供较好的折皱性能,同时仍提供良好的密封。
裙部16可经由缝合线70固定至框架12的内部,如图21所示。瓣膜结构14可经由以下讨论的例如薄PET增强条的一个多个增强条72(其共同地可形成套筒(sleeve))附接至裙部,增强条72能够使缝合牢固并使小叶结构的心包组织免受撕裂。瓣膜结构14可被夹在裙部16和薄PET条72之间,如图20所示。将PET条和小叶结构14固定至裙部16的缝合线154可以是任何合适的缝合线,如EthibondPET缝合线(Johnson&Johnson,New Brunswick,New Jersey)。缝合线154期望地追踪小叶结构14的底边缘的曲率,如下文更详细地描述。
一些织物裙部包括经纤维和纬纤维的编织物,经纤维和纬纤维彼此垂直延伸并且其中一组纤维在裙部的上边缘和下边缘之间纵向延伸。当固定有这种织物裙部的金属框架被径向压缩时,框架的总轴向长度增加。然而,弹性有限的织物裙部不能随框架一起伸长,因此倾向于使框架的支柱变形并妨碍均匀的折皱。
参考图12,在一个实施方式中,裙部16期望地由第一组纤维或纱线或股线78和第二组纤维或纱线或股线80(两者均不垂直于裙部的上边缘82和下边缘84)编织。在具体实施方式中,第一组纤维78和第二组纤维80以相对于上和下边缘82、84约45度(例如,15-75度或30-60度)的角度延伸。例如,可通过以相对于织物的上边缘和下边缘45度角编织纤维来形成裙部16。可选地,可从垂直编织的织物(其中纤维垂直于材料的边缘延伸)对角地切割(偏置切割)裙部16,使得纤维以相对于裙部的被切割的上边缘和下边缘45度角延伸。如图12进一步所示,裙部的相对的短边缘86、88期望地不垂直于上和下边缘82、84。例如,短边缘86、88期望地以相对于上边缘和下边缘约45度的角度延伸,因此与第一组纤维78对齐。因此,裙部的总体一般形状可以是长菱形或平行四边形的形状。
图14和15显示了在相对的短边缘部分90、92已被缝在一起以形成裙部的环形形状之后的内裙部16。如图所示,边缘部分90可以以相对于相对的边缘部分92的重叠关系来放置,并且可用平行于短边缘86、88的对角地延伸的缝合线94将两个边缘部分缝在一起。内裙部16的上边缘部分可形成有限定波形形状的多个突出部96,此波形形状总体上遵循紧邻轴向支柱31的下端的第四排支柱28的形状或轮廓。以这种方式,如图16中最佳所示,内裙部16的上边缘可用缝合线70紧紧地固定至支柱28。内裙部16也可形成有狭缝98,以促进将裙部附接至框架。狭缝98可被设定尺寸,以允许内裙部16的上边缘部分部分地缠绕在支柱28周围,并且允许在附接程序中减小裙部中的应力。例如,在示例的实施方式中,内裙部16被放置在框架12的内部,并且裙部的上边缘部分缠绕在支柱28的上表面周围并用缝合线70固定在适当位置。以这种方式将内裙部16的上边缘部分缠绕在支柱28周围,使得裙部更牢固且更耐久地附接至框架。内裙部16也可用缝合线70分别固定至第一、第二、和/或第三排支柱22、24和26。
再次参考图12,由于在此实施方式中纤维相对于上边缘和下边缘成角度地取向,裙部可在轴向方向(即,沿上边缘82到下边缘84的方向)上经受较大的伸长。
因此,当金属框架12被折皱时(如图13所示),内裙部16可连同框架沿轴向方向伸长,因此提供了更均匀和可预测的折皱轮廓。示例的实施方式中的金属框架的每个单元都包括在折皱时朝轴向方向旋转的至少四个成角支柱(例如,成角支柱变得与框架的长度更加对齐)。每个单元的成角支柱都充当使裙部的纤维沿支柱的相同方向旋转的机构,从而允许裙部沿支柱的长度伸长。当假体瓣膜被折皱时,这允许裙部进行较大伸长,并且避免支柱的不期望的变形。
另外,可增加编织的纤维或纱线之间的间距,以促进裙部在轴向方向上伸长。例如,对于由20-旦尼尔纱线形成的PET内裙部16,纱线密度可比典型的PET裙部低约15%至约30%。在一些实例中,内裙部16的纱线间距可以是约60根纱线/厘米(约155根纱线/英寸)至约70根纱线/厘米(约180根纱线/英寸),如约63根纱线/厘米(约160根纱线/英寸),而在典型的PET裙部中,纱线间距可以是约85根纱线/厘米(约217根纱线/英寸)至约97根纱线/厘米(约247根纱线/英寸)。倾斜边缘86、88在折皱期间促进织物材料沿框架的内圆周均匀且均一地分布,以促进均匀地折皱至最小的可能的直径。另外,以垂直方式切割对角缝合线可能会留下沿切割边缘的松散的穗(fringes)。倾斜边缘86、88有助于最低化这种情况的发生。
在可选的实施方式中,裙部可由可在假体瓣膜折皱期间沿轴向方向拉伸的编织的弹性纤维形成。经纤维和纬纤维可垂直于和平行于裙部的上边缘和下边缘延伸,或者可选地,如上所述,其可以以相对于裙部的上边缘和下边缘0和90度之间的角度延伸。
内裙部16可在远离缝合线154的位置处缝合至框架12,使得裙部在此区域中可更加柔韧。这种构型可避免应力集中在将小叶的下边缘附接至内裙部16的缝合线154处。
如上所述,示例的实施方式中的小叶结构14包括三个挠性小叶41(尽管可使用较多或较少数量的小叶)。关于小叶的其它信息以及关于裙部材料的其它信息可在例如2015年5月5日提交的美国专利申请号14/704,861中找到。
小叶41可在其相邻侧处彼此固定,以形成小叶结构的连合122。多个挠性连接件(connectors)124(其中之一显示于图17中)可用于将小叶的成对的相邻侧相互连接,并将小叶连接至连合窗口框架部分30(图5)。
图17显示了通过挠性连接件124相互连接的两个小叶41的相邻侧。可利用三个挠性连接件124将三个小叶41彼此侧对侧地固定,如图18所示。关于将小叶彼此连接以及将小叶连接至框架的其它信息可在例如美国专利申请公开号2012/0123529中找到。
如上所述,内裙部16可用于帮助将小叶结构14缝合至框架。内裙部16可具有波形的临时性标记缝合线,以引导每个小叶41的下边缘的附接。在将小叶结构14固定至裙部16之前,如上所述,内裙部16本身可利用缝合线70缝合至框架12的支柱。与标记缝合线相交(intersect)的支柱期望地不附接至内裙部16。这允许内裙部16在未固定至框架的区域中更加柔韧,并使沿将小叶的下边缘缝合至裙部的缝合线的应力集中最小。如上所述,当裙部被固定至框架时,裙部的纤维78、80(参见图12)总体上与框架的成角支柱对齐,以促进框架的均匀折皱和扩张。
图19显示了用于将小叶结构14的连合部分122固定至框架的连合窗口框架部分30的一种具体方法。在这种方法中,将固定两个小叶的两个相邻侧的挠性连接件124(图18)横向折叠,并将上凸片部分(上翼片部分,upper tab portions)112抵靠挠性连接件向下折叠。每个上凸片部分112纵向(垂直地)弯折以呈L形状,L形状具有抵靠小叶的表面折叠的第一部分142和抵靠连接件124折叠的第二部分144。然后,可沿缝合线146将第二部分144缝合至连接件124。接下来,将连合凸片组件插入通过对应的窗口框架部分30的连合窗口20,并且可将窗口框架部分30外侧的折叠部(folds)缝合至部分144。
图19还显示了向下折叠的上凸片部分112可在连合处形成双层小叶材料。上凸片部分112的内部分142抵靠形成连合的两个小叶41的层平坦地定位,使得每个连合刚好(just)在窗口框架30的内侧(inside)包括四层小叶材料。与刚好从相对较刚性的四层部分径向向内的小叶41的部分相比,连合的这个四层部分能更加耐弯曲或铰接。这致使小叶41响应于在体内操作期间流动通过假体瓣膜的血液,主要在向下折叠的内部分142的内边缘143处进行铰接,与在窗口框架30的轴向支柱周围或近侧进行铰接相反。因为小叶在与窗口框架30径向向内间隔的位置处铰接,所以小叶可避免与框架接触和被框架损坏。然而,在高力之下,连合的四层部分可围绕与窗口框架30相邻的纵向轴线张开(splay apart),其中每个第一部分142抵靠各自的第二部分144向外折叠(folding out)。例如,这可能在假体瓣膜10被压缩并安装到递送轴上时发生,从而允许较小的折皱直径。当使球囊导管在假体瓣膜扩张期间膨胀时,连合的四层部分也可围绕纵向轴线张开,这可减轻由球囊引起的连合上的某些压力,从而减少扩张期间对连合的潜在损坏。
在所有三个连合凸片组件都被固定至各自的窗口框架部分30后,连合凸片组件之间的小叶41的下边缘可被缝合至内裙部16。例如,如图20所示,每个小叶41都可利用例如EthibondPET线沿缝合线154缝合至内裙部16。缝合线可以是延伸通过每个小叶41、内裙部16、和每个增强条72的进出缝合线。每个小叶41和各自的增强条72可单独缝至内裙部16。以这种方式,小叶的下边缘经由内裙部16固定至框架12。如图20所示,可用延伸通过每个增强条72、小叶41和内裙部16而同时环绕增强条72和小叶41的边缘的毯式缝合线(blanket sutures)156,将小叶进一步固定至裙部。毯式缝合线156可由PTFE缝合材料形成。图21显示了在将小叶结构14与内裙部16固定至框架12和将小叶结构14固定至内裙部16之后的框架12、小叶结构14和内裙部16的侧视图。
图22显示了可形成为外裙部的可选实施方式的一片或一段心包组织200的横截面视图。心包组织200可以是牛心包、猪心包、马心包、袋鼠心包、或其它来源的心包。心包组织200具有在一侧上具有粗糙表面206的粗糙层或纤维层202和在相对侧上具有平滑表面208的平滑层204,平滑表面208比粗糙表面206相对更平滑且纤维更少。组织200可由包括形成粗糙层202的纤维壁层(心包的最外层)和形成平滑层204的浆膜壁层(外浆膜层)的一段壁心包膜(parietal pericardial membrane)形成。
可利用已知用来处理用于心脏瓣膜小叶的心包组织的那些技术和机构来获得组织200并将其制备以用于植入物中。制备用于心脏瓣膜小叶的心包组织的过程通常包括:首先从来源动物获得新鲜的心包囊,然后沿预定的解剖学标志切割囊以获得壁心包膜。壁心包膜可以变平,并且通常清除多余脂肪和其它杂质。在修整明显不可用的区域后,通常通过浸入醛中使组织交联来固定一块或一片(a window or patch of)组织。可去除组织块的粗糙边缘,并且可对组织进行生物分选以产生组织区段。生物分选的过程包括目视检查块的不可用区域,并从中修整出区段。关于处理心包组织的过程的进一步细节公开于美国专利号8,846,390和9,358,107中。
在图22的示例的实例中,在如前一段落中所述对心包组织进行初始处理之后,可通过(如通过使用激光铣削过程中的激光210)去除心包组织200的平滑层204的一部分来减小壁心包膜的总厚度,直至心包组织具有期望的厚度T。在一些实施方式中,铣削后的最终厚度T在50-150μm之间,并且更优选地在100-150μm之间,其中100μm是具体的实例。可选地,心包组织200可被铣削或以其它方式形成为任何其它厚度T。在对组织进行处理之后,心包组织200具有平滑层204、粗糙层202、厚度T,并且其可形成为结合以下图23和26所讨论的外裙部。
除了上述激光组织去除之外,用于刮削(skiving)或剃刮(shaving)组织的各种机械装置(如剃刀或刨削装置)可用于去除某些组织。例如,具有平坦的台板(platen),刨削剃刀或刀片在其上平移的一种装置可替代图22的线性激光配置。考虑到了用于产生相对的组织/剃刀运动的其它物理配置,如,例如利用车床样剃刀来使组织的外表面平滑。可利用光学表面测量构件自动控制或计算机控制这些装置中的每一种,以控制切割深度。虽然也可使用磨损组织去除(例如,砂磨或锉磨),但是工具的磨料(grit)应当相对精细。在其它实施方式中,植皮刀(dermatome)可用于刮削或剃刮平滑组织层204的一部分。关于用于从心包组织去除组织的部分的植皮刀应用的进一步细节公开于美国专利号8,846,390中。
在可选的实施方式中,代替去除浆膜壁层的一部分或除了去除浆膜壁层的一部分外,可通过利用上述技术中的任一种去除纤维壁层的一部分来减小心包组织200的厚度。
图23-24显示了由图22的心包组织200形成的示例性外裙部300的各种视图。图23显示了在外裙部300附接至假体心脏瓣膜之前的外裙部300的平展图。图24显示了附接至假体心脏瓣膜10的外裙部300。
参考图23,外裙部300可包括第一端部302(即,图23中所描绘的上端部分;在示例的实施方式中也是流出端部分)、第二端部304(即,图23中所描绘的下端部分;在示例的实施方式中也是流入端部分)、和布置在第一和第二端部302、304之间的中间部分306。外裙部300的第一端部302可包括多个交替的突出部308和缺口310,或雉堞部(castellations)。在其它实施方式中,第一端部302可形成为没有任何突出部308或缺口310,而代替地,可以基本上是直的。
参考图24,外裙部300被附接至假体心脏瓣膜10。可使用缝合线(如图所示)和/或粘合剂,将第一端部302的突出部308附接至假体心脏瓣膜10的内裙部16和/或框架12。可使用缝合线、粘合剂或任何其它合适的附接手段,将下端部分304附接至假体心脏瓣膜10的内裙部16和/或框架12。
在图24示例的实例中,外裙部300以心包组织200的粗糙表面206背向框架12并且平滑表面208面向框架12的方式固定至框架12。因此,当具有外裙部300的图24的假体心脏瓣膜10被植入患者中时,心包200的粗糙表面206面向患者的天然组织。面向天然组织或与天然组织接触的粗糙表面206可帮助妨碍(disturb)外裙部300和患者的天然解剖结构之间的顺行血流,这可增强组织向内生长和增值并帮助密封假体心脏瓣膜10和天然解剖结构之间的任何间隙,以减少和/或消除瓣周漏。另外,如果外裙部300在循环期间向内伸出通过框架12或者当假体心脏瓣膜10以径向皱缩构型折皱时,瓣膜结构14和外裙部300之间的任何接触将以心包200的平滑表面208(其可比由PET或其它织物制成的外裙部磨损小)来进行,因此由心包200制成的外裙部300可帮助保护瓣膜结构14的小叶。应注意,尽管外裙部300被示例为稍微松散地附接,即,在外裙部300的中间部分306中有一些松弛,但是外裙部300也可以更紧贴地配合抵靠在框架12的外表面来附接。
图25-26显示了由图22的心包组织200形成的另一示例性外裙部400的各种视图。图25显示了在外裙部400附接至假体心脏瓣膜之前的外裙部400的平展图。
参考图25,外裙部400可包括第一端部402(即,图25中所描绘的上端部分)、第二端部404(即,图25中所描绘的下端部分)、和布置在第一和第二端部402、404之间的中间部分。外裙部400的第一端部402可包括多个交替的突出部408和缺口410或齿形部。如前所述,在其它实施方式中,第一端部402可形成为没有任何突出部408或缺口410,而代替地,可以基本上是直的。
中间部分406可包括多个狭缝或开口414。可在纵向方向(即,当外裙部400附接至假体心脏瓣膜的框架时的轴向方向)上切割或以其它方式形成狭缝414。狭缝414可被激光切割或以任何其它手段形成。在图25的示例的实施方式中,狭缝414沿轴向伸长并且被布置在五个排422、424、426、428和430中。在其它实施方式中,狭缝414可被布置在多于或少于五个排中。在图25的示例的实施方式中,422、426和430排狭缝414彼此周向对齐,并从彼此周向对齐的424和428排狭缝414偏移。
在一些实施方式中,每个狭缝414都分别包括彼此间隔以在其之间限定永久开放间隙的第一和第二相对的纵向侧432a、432b。在其它实施方式中,在缺乏血液动力学力的情况下,狭缝414的纵向侧432a、432b彼此接触(并且不在其之间限定永久开放间隙),但在血液动力学力的情况下,可移离彼此,以允许血液经由狭缝414流动通过裙部。
在图25的示例的实施方式中,狭缝414布置在交替的轴向延伸的柱420a和420b中。柱420a可各自包括三个狭缝,而柱420b可各自包括两个狭缝。在其它实施方式中,可以以包括含有任何数量狭缝的任何数量的排和/或柱的任何样式,或不具有具体数量的排和/或柱的任何其它样式将狭缝414布置在外裙部400上。可选地,可以以不具有具体样式的方式将狭缝414布置在外裙部400上。在一些实例中,狭缝或开口414可具有各种其它形状中的任一种,如圆形、正方形、矩形、三角形、或其各种组合。在一些实例中,狭缝或开口414可相对于外裙部400的取向,周向地或以任何其它角度来伸长。
参考图26,外裙部400可附接至前述的假体心脏瓣膜10。如上所述,当将假体瓣膜10植入患者中时,心包组织200的粗糙层202可帮助减少和/或消除瓣周漏,如上所述。另外,血液可流动通过可减慢顺行血液的流动并进一步增强血液凝结和组织向内生长的狭缝414,这可进一步帮助防止瓣周漏。此外,狭缝414的纵向方向或轴向方向可帮助减少在外裙部穿过护套期间,可由外裙部和护套的内表面之间的摩擦引起的拉伸或变形。再次,应注意,尽管外裙部400被示例为稍微松散地附接,即,在外裙部400的中间部分406有一些松弛,但是外裙部400也可以更紧贴地配合抵靠在框架12的外表面来附接。
图27-29显示了将外裙部(例如,外裙部300或外裙部400)安装至假体瓣膜10的框架12的各种方式。出于示例目的,在图27-29中,参考编号400用于表示外裙部,但是应理解,本文公开的其它外裙部可以以相同的方式安装至框架12。
参考图27,内裙部16包括上边缘部分48和下边缘部分50。内裙部16的上边缘部分48可诸如经由前述的且在图21中最佳所示的缝合线70固定至框架12的内部。可选地,除了缝合线70外或代替缝合线70,内裙部16的上边缘部分48可经由粘合剂和/或超声焊接固定至框架12的内部。外裙部400的上边缘部分402可用缝合线468固定至框架12。出于示例目的,在图27中,上边缘部分48和402显示为松散地附接至框架,但其通常如图1中所描绘的,被紧紧地固定至框架支柱。
内裙部16的下边缘部分50可缠绕在框架12的流入端部分15周围并缠绕在外裙部400的下边缘部分404周围。外裙部400的下边缘部分404和内裙部16的缠绕的下边缘部分50可诸如用缝合线470和/或粘合剂固定在一起和/或固定至框架12。将内裙部16的下边缘部分50缠绕在外裙部400的下边缘部分404周围,能够增强下边缘部分404,并且缝合线470沿着下边缘部分404。出于示例目的,在图27中,下边缘部分50和404显示为松散地附接至框架,但其通常用缝合线470紧紧地固定至框架支柱。
图28-29显示了将外裙部400安装至框架12的另一种方式。外裙部400的上边缘部分402可用本文前述的缝合线468安装至框架12。具有第一边缘部分450和第二边缘部分452的增强条448可缠绕框架12的流入端部分15周围。增强条448可由织物材料(例如,PET)或天然组织(例如,心包组织)制成。在一些实施方式中,增强条448可用于将每个小叶41的尖部固定至框架,如图29所示。
虽然未在图28-29中显示,但在一些实施方式中,内裙部16也可安装在框架12的内部。在一些实施方式中,增强条448是内裙部的部件,内裙部的高度围绕内裙部的圆周变化,在小叶的连合处具有最大高度(如图27中所示),而在两个连合之间等距的位置处具有最小高度(如图28中所示)。用于将小叶的尖部附接至框架的增强条的进一步细节以及在小叶的连合处具有最大高度和在连合之间具有最小高度的内裙部的细节提供在2016年8月1日提交的美国临时申请号62/369,678中。
增强条448的第一边缘部分450可定位在框架12的内部,而第二边缘部分452可定位在框架12的外部。第一和第二边缘部分450、452可使用缝合线470和/或粘合剂彼此附接和/或附接至框架12。出于示例目的,在图28-29中,边缘部分450、452显示为松散地附接至框架,但其通常紧紧地固定至框架。
增强条448的第二边缘部分452可缠绕在外裙部400的下边缘部分404周围,使得下边缘部分404处于框架12和增强条448之间。外裙部400的下边缘部分404可用缝合线470和/或粘合剂固定至框架12和增强条448的第二边缘部分452。如图29所描绘,每个小叶41的下尖部可用缝合线(例如,用缝合线472)和/或粘合剂固定在框架12和增强条448的第一边缘部分450之间。
参考图29,显示外裙部400向内伸出通过框架12,这可在循环期间和/或当框架12被折皱至其径向皱缩构型时发生。当外裙部400伸出通过框架12时,其可接触小叶41中的一个。通过使心包组织的平滑表面208向内面向框架12,小叶41和外裙部400之间的任何接触将以形成外裙部400的心包组织200的平滑表面208进行,从而防止或最小化小叶41的磨损。
图30显示了根据另一实施方式的具有外裙部500的假体心脏瓣膜10。示例的实施方式中的外裙部500包括心包组织的主体或层502和安装到主体502的外表面上的多个材料条504。主体502可以是外裙部300或外裙部400。条504期望地由基本上非弹性和非可拉伸材料制成。例如,条504可以是缝合线、编造织物片(pieces)(例如,PET条)、非编造织物片、或其它类型的纤维材料。在图30的示例的实施方式中,条504被布置以形成围绕主体502的重复的U形样式。可选地,条504可以任何其它样式布置(例如,条504可平行于假体瓣膜的纵向轴线延伸)。条502可通过减少形成主体502的心包组织与护套的内表面之间的接触和通过抵抗由与护套的内表面的摩擦接触而引起的心包组织的拉伸来促进假体瓣膜穿过引导护套。进一步,当由诸如织物的吸收性材料形成时,条504可吸收血液以帮助增强血液凝结和组织向内生长,以进一步减少瓣周漏。尽管外裙部500被示例为稍微松散地附接,即,在外裙部300的主体502中有一些松弛,但是其也可以更紧贴地配合抵靠在框架12的外表面来附接。
假体瓣膜10可被配置用于和安装在合适的递送设备上,以用于植入对象内。可使用若干基于导管的递送设备;合适的基于导管的递送设备的非限制性实例包括公开于美国专利申请公开号2013/0030519和2012/0123529中的那些。
为将可塑性扩张的假体瓣膜10植入患者内,包括外裙部400(或者可选地,外裙部300或500)的假体瓣膜10可被折皱在递送设备的伸长轴180上,如图13中最佳所示。假体瓣膜与递送设备一起,可形成用于将假体瓣膜10植入患者体内的递送组件。轴180包括用于在体内扩张假体瓣膜的可膨胀球囊182。在球囊182瘪气的情况下,则可将假体瓣膜10经皮递送至期望的植入位置(例如,天然主动脉瓣区域)。一旦假体瓣膜10被递送至体内的植入部位(例如,天然主动脉瓣),便可通过使球囊182膨胀来将假体瓣膜10径向扩张至其功能状态。
可选地,可通过将包括外裙部400的假体瓣膜10插入递送导管的护套或等效机构中,将自扩张假体瓣膜10折皱至径向皱缩构型并限制在皱缩构型中。然后可将假体瓣膜10经皮递送至期望的植入位置。一旦在体内,假体瓣膜10便可从递送护套推进,这允许假体瓣膜扩张至其功能状态。
图31-33和36显示了假体心脏瓣膜10的各种植入位置,包括在瓣膜植入之前放置在患者体内的停靠件或锚定件内的植入位置。图31显示了植入到患者的天然主动脉瓣中的假体心脏瓣膜10。
图32显示了植入患者的肺动脉中的假体心脏瓣膜10,以用于替换或增强患病的肺动脉瓣的功能。由于天然肺动脉瓣和肺动脉的尺寸和形状的变化,假体瓣膜10可植入到可径向扩张的外停靠装置600内。停靠装置600可包括可径向扩张和压缩的环形支架602,和覆盖支架的全部或部分并且可横跨支架的内表面和/或外表面延伸的密封元件604。停靠装置600被配置以接合肺动脉的内壁并且可适应患者解剖结构的变化。扩张的假体心脏瓣膜10比其所放置的血管小得多,停靠装置600还可补偿扩张的假体心脏瓣膜10。停靠装置600还可用于在患者的解剖结构的其它区域(如下腔静脉、上腔静脉、或主动脉)中支持假体瓣膜。停靠装置600和用于植入停靠装置和假体瓣膜的方法的进一步细节公开于例如2017年2月1日提交的共同未决的美国申请号15/422,354中。
图33显示了利用螺旋形锚定件700的形式的停靠装置植入患者天然二尖瓣中的假体心脏瓣膜10。螺旋形锚定件700可包括部署在左心房中的一个或多个线圈702和部署在左心室中并且在天然二尖瓣小叶706的径向外侧的一个或多个线圈704。当假体瓣膜10被部署在天然瓣膜内时,天然小叶在假体瓣膜10和锚定件700之间被压缩或夹紧,以将假体瓣膜保持在适当位置。螺旋形锚定件700和用于植入锚定件和假体瓣膜的方法的进一步细节公开于例如2016年9月16日提交的共同未决的美国申请号62/395,940中。
图34和35显示了根据另一实施方式的用于假体心脏瓣膜的停靠装置800。停靠装置800可包括可径向扩张和压缩的框架802,框架802具有外部分804、共轴布置在外部分804的一个端部内的内部分806、和在内部分806和外部分804之间延伸并连接内部分806和外部分804的曲线形过渡部分808。停靠装置800可进一步包括在内部分806的内表面上延伸的密封元件810、与内部分806相邻的外部分804的外表面的一部分、和过渡部分808。
图36显示了植入血管820(其可以是例如下腔静脉、上腔静脉、或升主动脉)中的停靠装置800。如图所示,假体瓣膜10可被部署在停靠装置800的内部分806内。与停靠装置600相似,扩张的假体心脏瓣膜10比其所放置的血管小得多,停靠装置800可补偿扩张的假体心脏瓣膜10。停靠装置800特别适于将假体瓣膜植入下腔静脉中,以替换或增强天然三尖瓣的功能。停靠装置800和用于植入停靠装置和假体瓣膜的方法的进一步细节公开于例如2018年7月13日提交的共同未决的美国申请号16/034,794(其通过引用并入本文)中。
一般性考虑
应理解,所公开的瓣膜可植入心脏的天然瓣环(例如,肺动脉瓣环、二尖瓣环和三尖瓣环)中的任一个中,并且可与各种途径(例如,逆行、顺行、经房间隔、经心室、经心房等)中的任一种一起使用。所公开的假体也可植入身体的其它腔中。此外,除假体瓣膜外,本文所述的递送组件实施方式可适于递送和植入各种其它假体装置,如支架和/或其它假体修复装置。
出于本描述的目的,本文描述了本公开的实施方式的某些方面、优点和新颖特征。所公开的方法、设备和系统不应以任何方式被解释为限制性的。相反,本公开单独地和以彼此进行各种组合和子组合的方式,均涉及各种公开的实施方式的所有新颖和非显而易见的特征和方面。方法、设备和系统不限于任何具体方面或特征或其组合,所公开的实施方式也不要求存在任何一个或多个具体优点或要求任何一个或多个问题得以解决。例如,用于假体心脏瓣膜的外裙部可包括关于裙部18、裙部300、裙部400、和/或裙部500公开的一个或多个特征。
虽然为方便呈现而以特定的顺序性次序描述了所公开的实施方式中的某些操作,但应理解,除非以下所列的具体语言要求特定的次序,否则这种描述方式包括重新排列。例如,在某些情况下,顺序描述的操作可被重新排列或同时执行。此外,为简洁起见,附图可能未显示所公开的方法可结合其它方法使用的各种方式。
如在本申请和权利要求中所用,除非上下文另有明确指示,否则单数形式“一”、“一个/种”和“该/所述”包括复数形式。另外,术语“包括”意为“包含”。如本文所用,在要素列举的最后两个之间使用的术语“和/或”意为所列要素中的任一种或多种。例如,短语“A、B、和/或C”意为“A”、“B”、“C”、“A和B”、“A和C”、“B和C”、或“A、B、和C”。
如本文所用,术语“近侧”指代装置的更靠近使用者并且更远离植入部位的位置、方向、或部分。如本文所用,术语“远侧”指代装置的更远离使用者且更靠近植入部位的位置、方向、或部分。因此,例如,装置的近侧运动是装置朝向使用者的运动,而装置的远侧运动是装置远离使用者的运动。除非另外明确定义,否则术语“纵向”和“轴向”指代沿近侧方向和远侧方向延伸的轴线。
如本文所用,术语“耦接”和“关联”总体上意为物理耦接或连接,并且不排除在缺乏具体相反语言的情况下在耦接或关联项目之间存在中间要素。
如本文所用,在缺乏具体相反语言的情况下,尽管由于例如机械连接装置(如螺纹、齿轮等)之间的间距、间隙或齿隙而导致一种操作相对于另一种操作的发生的延迟明确地在以上术语的范围内,但“同时(simultaneously)”或“同时(concurrently)”发生的操作通常是彼此同时间发生的。
鉴于可将本文公开的原理应用于其的多种可能的实施方式,应认识到,示例的实施方式仅是优选的实例,而不应被视为限制本公开的范围。确切地说,本公开的范围至少与所附权利要求的范围一样宽。
Claims (18)
1.可植入的假体瓣膜,包括:
环形框架,所述环形框架包括流入端和流出端,并且在径向皱缩构型和径向扩张构型之间可径向地皱缩和扩张;
小叶结构,所述小叶结构定位在所述框架内并固定至所述框架;和
外裙部,所述外裙部定位在所述框架的外表面周围,其中所述外裙部包括心包组织,所述心包组织具有限定所述外裙部的第一表面的纤维壁层和限定所述外裙部的第二表面的浆膜壁层,并且其中所述外裙部被定位成使得所述第一表面背向所述框架,而所述第二表面面向所述框架。
2.权利要求1所述的假体瓣膜,其中所述外裙部包括牛心包组织。
3.任一项前述权利要求所述的假体瓣膜,其中所述外裙部被激光铣削以减小其厚度。
4.任一项前述权利要求所述的假体瓣膜,其中所述外裙部的所述厚度在50μm和150μm之间。
5.任一项前述权利要求所述的假体瓣膜,其中所述外裙部包括多个开口或狭缝。
6.权利要求5所述的假体瓣膜,其中所述开口或狭缝中的至少一个在轴向方向上伸长。
7.任一项前述权利要求所述的假体瓣膜,其中所述外裙部包括流出边缘部分和流入边缘部分,其中所述流出边缘部分包括多个交替的突出部和缺口,并且其中所述突出部被固定至所述框架,而所述缺口不直接固定至所述框架。
8.任一项前述权利要求所述的假体瓣膜,进一步包括增强条,所述增强条缠绕在所述框架的流入端周围,使得所述增强条的第一端部至少部分地沿所述框架的内表面延伸并固定至所述框架的内表面,并且所述增强条的第二端部至少部分地沿所述外裙部的外表面延伸并固定至所述外裙部的外表面。
9.任一项前述权利要求所述的假体瓣膜,其中所述外裙部用缝合线固定至所述框架。
10.任一项前述权利要求所述的假体瓣膜,进一步包括定位在所述框架的内表面周围并固定至所述框架的内表面的内裙部。
11.权利要求10所述的假体瓣膜,其中所述内裙部包括固定至所述框架的流出边缘部分和缠绕在所述框架的流入端与所述外裙部的流入端周围的流入边缘部分,并且其中所述流入边缘部分至少部分地沿所述外裙部的外表面延伸并固定至所述外裙部的外表面。
12.任一项前述权利要求所述的假体瓣膜,进一步包括定位在所述外裙部的外表面周围并固定至所述外裙部的外表面的一个或多个条。
13.权利要求12所述的假体瓣膜,其中所述条包括织物材料。
14.制造假体心脏瓣膜的方法,包括:
提供包括纤维壁层和浆膜壁层的心包组织的片;
通过去除所述浆膜壁层的一部分来减小所述心包组织的片的厚度,所述纤维壁层限定了所述组织的第一表面,并且所述浆膜壁层限定了所述组织的第二表面;
将所述心包组织定位在所述假体心脏瓣膜的框架的外表面周围,并将所述心包组织固定至所述假体心脏瓣膜的框架的外表面,使得所述第一表面背向所述框架,而所述第二表面面向所述框架。
15.权利要求14所述的方法,其中在减小所述组织的厚度的行为之后,所述心包组织的厚度在50μm和100μm之间。
16.权利要求14-15中任一项所述的方法,其中减小所述心包组织的片的厚度的行为包括激光铣削所述浆膜壁层。
17.权利要求14-16中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括在将所述心包组织的片定位在所述框架上之前,在所述心包组织的片中形成狭缝或开口。
18.权利要求14-17中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括将多个假体小叶连接至所述框架的内部。
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US16/103,183 US10973628B2 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2018-08-14 | Pericardial sealing member for prosthetic heart valve |
PCT/US2018/046891 WO2019036603A1 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2018-08-17 | PERICARDIAL SEALING ELEMENT FOR PROSTHETIC CARDIAC VALVE |
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US20230063795A1 (en) | 2023-03-02 |
ES2910126T3 (es) | 2022-05-11 |
PL3668452T3 (pl) | 2022-05-02 |
US20240180693A1 (en) | 2024-06-06 |
KR102652141B1 (ko) | 2024-03-29 |
CN114631915A (zh) | 2022-06-17 |
EP4070762A1 (en) | 2022-10-12 |
DK3668452T3 (da) | 2022-03-21 |
US10973628B2 (en) | 2021-04-13 |
CN111093565B (zh) | 2022-04-05 |
CA3072490A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
HUE058116T2 (hu) | 2022-07-28 |
US11857411B2 (en) | 2024-01-02 |
PT3668452T (pt) | 2022-03-25 |
EP3668452A4 (en) | 2020-07-29 |
EP3668452B1 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
US20190053895A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
EP3668452A1 (en) | 2020-06-24 |
US20210228341A1 (en) | 2021-07-29 |
US11969338B2 (en) | 2024-04-30 |
KR20200033350A (ko) | 2020-03-27 |
WO2019036603A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
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