CN111066405A - Method for repairing quarry in frozen soil area - Google Patents
Method for repairing quarry in frozen soil area Download PDFInfo
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- CN111066405A CN111066405A CN201911306941.7A CN201911306941A CN111066405A CN 111066405 A CN111066405 A CN 111066405A CN 201911306941 A CN201911306941 A CN 201911306941A CN 111066405 A CN111066405 A CN 111066405A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0208—Gabions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for repairing a quarry in a frozen soil area, and relates to the technical field of geological repair. Which comprises the following steps: cleaning waste stones in a quarry area, and stacking the waste stones in a centralized manner for later use; manufacturing two circles of gabion retaining walls at the edges of the quarry, forming an edge planting area in the middle of the two circles of gabion retaining walls, and setting an area defined by the gabion retaining walls at the inner circle as an intermediate planting area; excavating edge planting pits downwards on the rocks of the edge planting areas, and excavating middle planting pits downwards on the rocks of the middle planting areas; planting plants in the edge planting pits and the middle planting pits, backfilling a first soil layer into the edge planting pits and the middle planting pits, and backfilling a second soil layer on the rock surfaces of the edge planting areas and the middle planting areas, wherein the sum of the thicknesses of the first soil layer and the second soil layer is more than or equal to 100 cm; and fifthly, watering and maintaining the plants to finish repairing. The invention has the advantages of less backfill soil, low cost and high plant survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological restoration, in particular to a method for restoring a quarry in a frozen soil area.
Background
The quarry is an area formed by artificially mining stones or mineral products, most of the existing quarries adopt an open-air quarry mode, the quarries can be subjected to abandonment treatment after resources are developed and utilized, the quarries are naturally wasted, the exposed rocks are formed on the surfaces of the quarries after the quarries are abandoned, the formed soil is few in substances, and the soil forming speed is low; the soil has small water content and high surface temperature, and the soil is easy to run off; the plant restoration process is slow, and the vegetation coverage rate is low; the ecological system has simple structure, low function and weak vegetation self-repairing capability, and the vegetation in the abandoned quarry is difficult to repair under the severe habitat conditions, so that the ecological environment in the area slowly moves towards stony desertification. Therefore, ecological remediation of quarries is required. Particularly, a quarry in a frozen soil area is very difficult to repair, frozen soil refers to various rocks and soils with ice below zero centigrade, and even if seedlings are planted in spring, the seedlings are easy to die after being frozen because the root systems of the seedlings are shallow, tissues are tender and not lignified before coming in winter.
In a mountain area with higher elevation, the thickness of the frozen soil layer can reach 70 cm, the thickness of the backfill soil is at least 100 cm, however, the backfill soil restoration of a general quarry can only reach 50 cm, the requirement can not meet the requirement of the frozen soil area, as most rocks are arranged near the quarry, insufficient soil is used for backfill, the soil needs to be transported from other areas, if the thickness of the backfill soil reaches 100 cm, the required volume of the soil is too large, so that the cost is sharply increased,
the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN110454165A discloses a landfill method of a limestone quarry abandoned mine pit repairing matrix, which comprises the following steps: (a) paving an impermeable layer, namely paving the impermeable layer after the bottom layer of the abandoned mine pit before landfill is leveled and rolled and the underground water drainage guide system is paved, wherein the impermeable layer sequentially comprises a composite clay liner, a geomembrane layer, a geotechnical cloth layer 1, a sand gravel drainage layer and a geotechnical cloth layer 2 from bottom to top; (b) burying and repairing a matrix: compacting for 1 time according to the principle that different raw material proportions of the repairing matrixes are buried at different pit depths, wherein the burying thickness is 1-2 m, and the compaction density is more than 1200kg/m 3; wherein: when the depth of the pit is more than or equal to 100m, the mixing proportion of the calcium oxide is 25 percent; the blending proportion of the tailing sand is 60 wt%, and when the depth of the pit is 100m and the depth of the pit is 10m to the ground surface, the blending proportion of the calcium oxide is reduced by 2% and the blending proportion of the tailing sand is reduced by 5%; the blending proportion of the calcium oxide is reduced to 8% and is not reduced any more; the blending proportion of the tailing sand is reduced to 15% and is not reduced any more; (c) arranging a seepage-proof layer which is the same as the seepage-proof layer in the step (a) for every 5m of the landfill depth of the repair matrix; (d) and when the pit is buried to be 3-5 meters away from the ground surface by the repairing matrix, covering a planting soil layer. In the step (d), the thickness of the planting soil layer is 3-5 m.
The above prior art solution has the following drawbacks: although the scheme can be used for repairing limestone mine pits, the backfill cost is too high because a planting soil layer with the length of 3-5 m needs to be backfilled, and the method is difficult to be used for repairing a quarry in a frozen soil area, so that a method for repairing the quarry in the frozen soil area, which can take the repairing cost and the seedling survival rate into consideration, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for repairing a quarry in a frozen soil area, which has the advantages of less backfill soil, low cost and high plant survival rate.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a method for repairing a quarry in a frozen soil area comprises the following steps:
cleaning waste stones in a quarry area, and stacking the waste stones in a centralized manner for later use;
step two, manufacturing gabion cages, filling waste stones into the gabion cages to form gabion retaining walls, manufacturing two circles of gabion retaining walls which are arranged at intervals at the edges of a quarry, forming an edge planting area in the middle of the two circles of gabion retaining walls, and forming an intermediate planting area in an area surrounded by the gabion retaining walls at the inner circle;
step three, downwards excavating a plurality of edge planting pits on the rocks of the edge planting area, and downwards excavating a plurality of middle planting pits on the rocks of the middle planting area;
planting plants in the edge planting pits and the middle planting pits, backfilling a first soil layer into the edge planting pits and the middle planting pits, and backfilling a second soil layer on the rock surfaces of the edge planting areas and the middle planting areas, wherein the sum of the thicknesses of the first soil layer and the second soil layer is more than or equal to 100 cm;
and fifthly, watering and maintaining the plants to finish repairing.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the edge planting pits and the middle planting pits are directly excavated on the rocks of the quarry, the roots of the plants are buried in the edge planting pits and the middle planting pits, the backfilling soil is divided into the first soil layer and the second soil layer, and the sum of the thicknesses of the first soil layer and the second soil layer is more than or equal to 100 cm.
The invention uses the broken stones in the quarry to manufacture the gabion retaining wall, recycles the waste stones, further reduces the cost, and can prevent water and soil loss.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the diameters of the cross sections of the edge planting pits and the middle planting pits are gradually increased along the direction from the opening to the bottom of the edge planting pits and the middle planting pits.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the edge is planted the hole and is trapezoidal with the perpendicular cross-section of middle planting hole, when raining, can store the rainwater in the hole and supply vegetation, and the opening is less can reduce the loss that the rainwater evaporation brought.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and the upper surface of the second soil layer is covered with an insulating layer, and the insulating layer comprises withered leaves and/or hay.
By adopting the technical scheme, the heat-insulating layer plays a role in heat insulation, the influence of freezing injury on plants can be reduced, and the rotten leaves and the rotten hay can supplement nutrition for the plants and promote the growth and development of the plants.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and the upper surface of the heat-insulating layer is covered with a protective net or a gravel layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the wind in the area with higher altitude is bigger, the withered leaves and the hay grass can be easily blown away, the protection net and the broken stones can compress the withered leaves and the hay grass tightly, the blowing away is avoided, and the soil can be prevented from being blown away.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and a broken stone particle layer is laid below the first soil layer, and the thickness of the broken stone particle layer is less than or equal to 30 cm.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the rock of morals and manners can be simulated to the rubble grained layer, and the plant can deepen more inside the rock when pricking the root, is favorable to the root of plant to prick more deeply.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the thickness of the first soil layer is 30-80 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, on the premise that the total thickness of the first soil layer and the second soil layer is not changed, the thicker the first soil layer is, the less the backfill soil is used, however, the backfill soil is comprehensively considered, and the thickness of the first soil layer is preferably 30-80 cm.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the cross sections of the edge planting pits and the middle planting pits are circular, and the opening diameters of the edge planting pits and the middle planting pits are 60-100 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the plant is a sapling, and the diameter of the sapling is 6-10 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the saplings with the diameter of 6-10 cm are lignified, and the survival rate is higher in frozen soil areas.
In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. because the edge planting pits and the middle planting pits are directly dug on the rocks of the quarry, the roots of the plants are buried in the edge planting pits and the middle planting pits, the backfilling soil is divided into a first soil layer and a second soil layer, and the sum of the thicknesses of the first soil layer and the second soil layer is more than or equal to 100 cm, compared with the soil layer which is directly backfilled by 100 cm, the method greatly reduces the using amount of the backfilling soil, and reduces the transportation cost and the backfilling cost.
2. Because the roots of the plants can be protected in the pits, and the total thickness of the backfill soil layer is greater than the maximum thickness of the frozen soil layer, the survival rate of the plants is greatly improved on the premise of reducing the cost.
3. The heat preservation plays heat retaining effect, can alleviate the influence of freeze injury to the plant, can supply nutrition for the plant after leaf and hay rot moreover, promotes vegetation and develops, because the higher regional wind ratio of height above sea level is big, blows away withered leaf and hay, and guard net and rubble can compress tightly withered leaf and hay, avoid being blown away, can also prevent that soil from being blown away.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view after construction of example 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of examples 4 and 5;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of example 6,
reference numerals: 1. a quarry; 2. gabion retaining walls; 3. a gabion cage; 4. waste rock material; 5. an edge planting area; 6. an intermediate planting area; 7. planting pits at the edges; 8. a middle planting pit; 9. a first soil layer; 10. a second soil layer; 11. a heat-insulating layer; 12. a protection net; 13. a layer of crushed stone particles.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1 to 3, the method for repairing a quarry in a frozen soil area disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
cleaning waste stones 4 in a quarry 1 area, and stacking the waste stones in a centralized manner for later use;
step two, manufacturing a gabion cage 3, filling waste stones 4 into the gabion cage 3 to form a gabion retaining wall 2, manufacturing two rings of gabion retaining walls 2 arranged at intervals at the edge of a quarry 1, wherein the distance between the two rings of gabion retaining walls 2 is 1 meter, forming an edge planting area 5 in the middle of the two rings of gabion retaining walls 2, forming an intermediate planting area 6 in an area surrounded by the inner rings of gabion retaining walls 2, using gravels of the quarry 1 for manufacturing the gabion retaining wall 2, recycling the waste stones 4, reducing the cost, and preventing water and soil loss due to the gabion retaining wall 2;
step three, downwards excavating a plurality of edge planting pits 7 on the rocks of the edge planting area 5, and downwards excavating a plurality of middle planting pits 8 on the rocks of the middle planting area 6, wherein in the embodiment, the number of the edge planting pits 7 is 100, the number of the middle planting pits 8 is 100, in the embodiment, the diameters of the cross sections of the edge planting pits 7 and the middle planting pits 8 are gradually increased along the direction from the opening to the bottom of the edge planting pits, specifically, the vertical sections of the edge planting pits 7 and the middle planting pits 8 are trapezoidal, rainwater can be stored in the pits for plant growth during raining, the opening is small, so that the loss caused by rainwater evaporation can be reduced, the cross sections of the edge planting pits 7 and the middle planting pits 8 are circular, the opening diameter is 60 cm, the depth is 60 cm, and the bottom diameters of the edge planting pits 7 and the middle planting pits 8 are 100 cm;
fourthly, planting plants in the edge planting pits 7 and the middle planting pits 8, wherein the plants are saplings, preferably primary tree species, the diameter of the saplings is 6 cm, a first soil layer 9 is backfilled into the edge planting pits 7 and the middle planting pits 8, a second soil layer 10 is backfilled on the rock surfaces of the edge planting areas 5 and the middle planting areas 6, the sum of the thicknesses of the first soil layer 9 and the second soil layer 10 is larger than or equal to 100 cm, the height of the gabion retaining wall 2 is larger than that of the second soil layer 10, in the embodiment, the thickness of the first soil layer 9 is 60 cm, the thickness of the second soil layer 10 is 40 cm, and the height of the gabion retaining wall 2 is 50 cm;
and fifthly, watering and maintaining the plants to finish repairing.
Example 2: the difference between the method for repairing the quarry in the frozen soil area and the embodiment 1 is that the thickness of a first soil layer 9 is 30cm, the thickness of a second soil layer 10 is 70 cm, and the height of a gabion retaining wall 2 is 80 cm.
Example 3: the difference between the method for repairing the quarry in the frozen soil area and the embodiment 1 is that the thickness of a first soil layer 9 is 80 cm, the thickness of a second soil layer 10 is 20 cm, and the height of a gabion retaining wall 2 is 30 cm.
Example 4: a method for repairing a quarry in a frozen soil area is different from that in embodiment 1 in that referring to FIG. 4, the upper surface of a second soil layer 10 is covered with an insulating layer 11, the insulating layer 11 is withered leaves, and the thickness of the insulating layer 11 is 5 cm.
Example 5: a method for repairing a quarry in a frozen soil area is different from that of embodiment 4 in that referring to FIG. 4, the upper surface of a heat-insulating layer 11 is covered with a protection net 12, and the protection net 12 can be a waste fishing net.
Example 6: the difference between the method for repairing the quarry in the frozen soil area and the method in the embodiment 1 is that referring to fig. 5, a broken stone particle layer 13 is laid below a first soil layer 9, the thickness of the broken stone particle layer 13 is less than or equal to 30cm, in the embodiment, the thickness of the broken stone particle layer 13 is 10 cm, and the particle size of the broken stone particles is 5 +/-2 cm.
The insulating layer 11 may also be made of hay, or may be made of withered leaves and hay, and the withered leaves and hay may be transported from outside. The heat preservation layer 11 plays a role in heat preservation, can reduce the influence of freezing injury on plants, and can supplement nutrition for the plants after the leaves and the hay are rotten, so that the growth and development of the plants are promoted.
The protection net 12 can also be replaced by a gravel layer, the gravel layer can adopt waste stones 4 in the quarry 1, the particle size of the waste stones 4 in the gravel layer is 10 +/-2 cm, the protection net 12 and the gravel layer can compress withered leaves and hay tightly, the withered leaves are prevented from being blown away, and soil can also be prevented from being blown away.
The broken stone particle layer 13 can simulate weathered rocks, and plants can go deeper into the rocks when being rooted, so that the roots of the plants can be rooted more deeply.
Comparative example 1: a method for repairing a quarry in a frozen soil area comprises the following steps of cleaning waste stone materials 4 in a quarry 1 area, manufacturing a circle of retaining wall at the edge of the quarry 1, enabling the height of the retaining wall to be 1 meter, enabling the area enclosed by the retaining wall to be 200 square meters, backfilling a soil layer with the height of 1 meter to the retaining wall, and planting 100 saplings.
The area enclosed by the gabion retaining wall of the inner ring is 200 square meters, and the backfill soil consumption and the survival rate of the seedlings after 1 year of the examples 1 to 6 and the comparative example 1 are calculated.
The backfill soil consumption is the backfill soil volume, and the calculation mode is as follows, wherein the backfill soil volume is equal to the first soil layer volume plus the second soil layer volume, and the first soil layer volume: and V is 1/3 pi h (R2 + Rr + R2) N, wherein R is the radius of the upper bottom of the middle planting pit, R is the radius of the lower bottom of the middle planting pit, h is the height of the middle planting pit, and N is the number of the middle planting pits. The volume of the second soil layer is 200 × H, and H is the height of the second soil layer.
As can be seen from Table 1, the amount of the backfill soil in the embodiments 1 to 3 is greatly lower than that in the comparative example 1, the backfill soil cost can be reduced, the survival rate is remarkably improved, and compared with the embodiment 1, the survival rate in the comparative example 4 is improved by 2 percent, which shows that the heat-insulating layer plays a role in heat insulation, the influence of freezing injury on plants can be reduced, and the leaves and the hay can supplement nutrition for the plants after rotting, so that the growth and development of the plants are promoted, and the survival rate is improved.
Compared with the example 1, the survival rate of the comparative example 5 is improved by 4%, compared with the example 4, the survival rate is improved by 2%, and the protection net and the gravel layer can compact withered leaves and hay, avoid blowing away, and prevent soil from being blown away, so that the survival rate is improved.
Compared with the example 1, the backfill soil consumption is reduced, the survival rate is improved, and the broken stone particle layer can simulate weathered rocks, so that the plants can go deeper into the rocks when the roots are pricked, the roots of the plants can be pricked deeper, and the survival rate is improved.
TABLE 1 backfill soil dosage and sapling survival rate after 1 year for examples 1-6 and comparative example 1
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for repairing a quarry in a frozen soil area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cleaning waste stones (4) in a quarry (1) area, and stacking the waste stones in a centralized manner for later use;
step two, manufacturing a gabion cage (3), filling waste stones (4) into the gabion cage (3) to form a gabion retaining wall (2), manufacturing two circles of gabion retaining walls (2) which are arranged at intervals at the edge of the quarry (1), forming an edge planting area (5) in the middle of the two circles of gabion retaining walls (2), and forming an intermediate planting area (6) in an area surrounded by the gabion retaining walls (2) at the inner circle;
step three, downwards excavating a plurality of edge planting pits (7) on the rocks of the edge planting area (5), and downwards excavating a plurality of middle planting pits (8) on the rocks of the middle planting area (6);
planting plants in the edge planting pits (7) and the middle planting pits (8), backfilling a first soil layer (9) into the edge planting pits (7) and the middle planting pits (8), backfilling a second soil layer (10) on the rock surfaces of the edge planting areas (5) and the middle planting areas (6), wherein the sum of the thicknesses of the first soil layer (9) and the second soil layer (10) is more than or equal to 100 cm;
and fifthly, watering and maintaining the plants to finish repairing.
2. The method for repairing a quarry in a frozen earth area according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional diameters of the edge planting pit (7) and the middle planting pit (8) are gradually increased along the direction from the opening to the bottom thereof.
3. The method for repairing the quarry in the frozen soil area according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the second soil layer (10) is covered with an insulating layer (11), and the insulating layer (11) comprises withered leaves and/or hay.
4. The method for repairing a quarry in a frozen earth area according to claim 3, wherein the upper surface of the heat-insulating layer (11) is covered with a protective net (12) or a gravel layer.
5. The method for repairing the quarry in the frozen soil area according to claim 1, wherein a gravel particle layer (13) is laid below the first soil layer (9), and the thickness of the gravel particle layer (13) is less than or equal to 30 cm.
6. The method for repairing a quarry in a frozen soil area according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first soil layer (9) is 30-80 cm.
7. The method for repairing the quarry in the frozen soil area according to claim 1, wherein the cross section of the edge planting pit (7) and the middle planting pit (8) is circular, and the opening diameter thereof is 60-100 cm.
8. The method for repairing a quarry in a frozen soil area according to claim 7, wherein the plant is a sapling, and the diameter of the sapling is 6-10 cm.
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| CN111066405B (en) | 2022-07-22 |
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