CN113216224A - Gravel soil slope greening technology for open-pit mining of green mine - Google Patents
Gravel soil slope greening technology for open-pit mining of green mine Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000017309 Hypericum perforatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000576418 Jasminum nudiflorum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000727913 Parthenocissus tricuspidata Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000042312 Wisteria floribunda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/207—Securing of slopes or inclines with means incorporating sheet piles or piles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/001—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing unburned clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mine ecological management, and particularly discloses a gravel soil side slope re-greening technology for surface mining of green mines. The slope re-greening technology has the advantages of high plant survival rate and less water and soil loss of the mine slope, effectively improves the ecological environment of the mine, eliminates the hidden dangers of geological disasters such as landslide of the mine slope and the like, and has certain ecological benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of open-pit mining of mines, and particularly relates to a gravel soil slope greening technology for open-pit mining of a green mine.
Background
The national economic situation is continuously developing, the demand for natural resources is increasing, and particularly for mineral resources such as coal, iron ore, facing stone and the like. Open cut mining, also known as strip mining, is a process of removing a covering from an ore body to obtain a desired mineral, and mining a useful mineral from an open surface mining site. Compared with underground mining, the open pit mining has the advantages of full resource utilization, high recovery rate, low depletion rate, suitability for large-scale mechanical construction, fast ore building, high yield, high labor productivity, low cost, good labor condition and safe production.
The original landform and landform are changed by the waste rocks and the gravels and soil edges left after the open-air mining, the ecological environment in the place is greatly damaged, and meanwhile, the hidden danger of geological disasters such as side slope landslide and the like also exists. In addition, the surface mining has high destruction strength, long destruction duration and strong visual impact influence, and is the key point and the difficulty of ecological restoration and treatment of mines. Meanwhile, surface mining has serious damage to landform and landform, vegetation is difficult to recover naturally, greening survival rate is low, water and soil loss is serious, and the hidden danger of geological disasters such as slope landslide is caused.
The existing slope restoration and treatment concept after ore mining is mainly divided into two aspects of water penetration resistance and slope reinforcement, and mainly comprises slope seepage prevention, shaft drainage, tunnel drainage, slope cutting and load reduction, prestressed anchor cable reinforcement, consolidation grouting and the like. Therefore, the search for an effective slope greening technology has important social significance for ecological restoration after open-air mining.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gravel soil slope greening technology for surface mining of a green mine, and solves the problems of low survival rate of plants and serious water and soil loss in slope repairing treatment after surface mining.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that a gravel soil slope greening technology for surface mining of a green mine is provided, and the technology comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: shaping a side slope;
the slope cutting treatment is carried out on the raised part or the steep part of the side slope after open-pit mining, the slope gradient ratio of the side slope is controlled to be 0.6-0.8, the middle part of the side slope is provided with a middle slope horizontal platform, the top of the side slope is provided with a top slope horizontal platform, and dangerous stones on the surface layer of the side slope and large broken stones on the surface layer of the slope in a certain downward depth range are cleaned out.
The second step is that: integrally reinforcing the side slope;
respectively constructing one row or two rows of drill holes on a slope middle horizontal platform and a slope top horizontal platform of the side slope, wherein anti-slide pile units are arranged in the drill holes, and plain concrete retaining walls are arranged at the slope feet of the side slope; paving an anti-seepage stable reinforcing layer, a water storage layer and a geotextile layer in sequence from deep to shallow on the surface of the slope without the anti-slide pile unit and the plain concrete retaining wall; wherein, a toe reservoir, a middle reservoir and a top reservoir are respectively arranged in the water reservoirs at the toe, the middle and the top of the slope, and water pumps are respectively arranged in the toe reservoir, the middle reservoir and the top reservoir.
The third step: backfilling and laying the foreign soil;
laying planting soil above the geotechnical cloth layer to form an alien soil planting layer, embedding an irrigation device in the alien soil planting layer, planting vine plants on the alien soil planting layers of the slope toe and the slope middle horizontal platform, planting evergreen shrub plants on the rest alien soil planting layers, covering the alien soil planting layers among the evergreen shrub plants with a protective net layer, and mixing plant seeds in the alien soil planting layers of the protective net layer; the protective net layer is a galvanized metal diamond net, and the galvanized metal diamond net is fixed on the anti-slide pile unit or the plain concrete retaining wall through anchor bolts.
The fourth step: building a water storage, drainage and irrigation system;
water collecting channels for collecting water and storing water are respectively arranged on two sides of the toe reservoir, the middle-slope reservoir and the top-slope reservoir; the water collecting channel is respectively communicated with a toe water storage tank, a middle water storage tank and a top water storage tank which correspond to the water collecting channel, and water pumps in the toe water storage tank, the middle water storage tank and the top water storage tank are respectively communicated with corresponding irrigation devices through water outlet pipes.
The side surfaces of the upper ends of the slope top reservoir and the slope middle reservoir are respectively provided with an overflow port, the overflow ports of the slope top reservoir are communicated with the water inlet of the slope middle reservoir through overflow guide pipes, and the overflow ports of the slope middle reservoir are also communicated with the water inlet of the slope foot reservoir through overflow guide pipes.
The fifth step: maintaining and recording;
the vegetation is regularly watered, deinsectized and maintained, the growth condition of the vegetation on the side slope and the stability of the side slope are monitored, and corresponding protective measures are taken in severe weather such as strong rainfall.
In the first step, a broken stone soil layer 20-35 cm below the surface layer of the slope surface of the side slope needs to be ploughed, large broken stones and dangerous stones are cleared in the ploughing process, the broken stones with the grain sizes of about 5 cm are collected, and the collected broken stones with the grain sizes of about 5 cm can be used as raw materials of the plain concrete retaining wall at the toe of the slope in the second step.
In the turning process, organic manure and crushed straws are gathered in the gravel layer to improve the soil quality of the gravel layer, and 5Kg to 10Kg are uniformly scattered per square meter.
The anti-slide pile unit in the second step comprises a prestressed reinforced concrete pile, the prestressed reinforced concrete pile is arranged in the drill hole, and concrete is cast in the gap between the prestressed reinforced concrete pile and the drill hole in situ; wherein the nominal external diameter of the prestressed reinforced concrete pile is 200 mm-250 mm, the nominal internal diameter is 100 mm-150 mm, and 8-12 cold-drawn low-carbon steel wires with the diameter of 3 mm-8 mm are arranged in the prestressed reinforced concrete pile; the casting concrete is mixed with an expanding agent and fibers, and the casting concrete and the prestressed reinforced concrete pile form a whole after being solidified; the lower end of the anti-slide pile unit is buried in a stable soil layer below the water storage layer by a certain depth.
The thickness of the stable back up coat of infiltration sets up to 3 centimetres ~ 5 centimetres in the second step, and the stable back up coat of infiltration is formed by fly ash, bentonite, clay, loess homogeneous mixing, and the mass ratio of fly ash, bentonite, clay, loess is 0.05-0.1: 0.025-0.05: 0.25-0.5: 1-1.5.
The soil dressing planting layer is based on mine stripping surface soil and is mixed with organic nutrient soil, a compound fertilizer, poultry manure and straws, wherein the mass ratio of the stripping surface soil to the organic nutrient soil to the compound fertilizer to the poultry manure to the straws is 1-1.5: 0.2-0.4: 0.05-0.1: 0.15-0.3: 0.1-0.2.
The thickness of the foreign soil planting layer is set to be 25-35 cm, 1-2 layers of degradable fiber woven nets are arranged in the foreign soil planting layer at equal intervals, and the degradable fiber woven nets are made of one of cellulose fibers, chitin fibers and polylactic acid fibers or made of any two of the cellulose fibers, the chitin fibers and the polylactic acid fibers.
Plant seeds are mixed in the soil-dressing planting layer, and the plant seeds are herbaceous plants or leguminous plants or a mixture of herbaceous plants and leguminous plants, wherein the mass ratio of the herbaceous plants to the leguminous plants is 1:1-2.5: 1.
The vine plant is one or more of parthenocissus tricuspidata, wisteria floribunda and winter jasmine, the evergreen shrub plant is one or more of gardenia, hypericum, buxus sinica and buxus microphylla, wherein the evergreen shrub plant has a plant spacing of 1-2 meters along the slope trend and a row spacing of 2-3 meters along the slope trend.
The cross section of the water collecting channel is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the depth is 0.5-0.8 meter, the width of the upper bottom is 0.7-1.5 meters, and the width of the lower bottom is 0.5-1.0 meter.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method and the device have the advantages that the slope surface of the side slope is shaped, the convex part and the steep part of the side slope are shaped, the load on the slope surface of the side slope is reduced, the horizontal platform in the slope and the horizontal platform at the top of the slope are respectively built at the middle part and the top of the slope of the side slope, conditions are provided for the subsequent integral reinforcement construction of the side slope, the construction is convenient, and the reinforcement construction effect is good.
(2) The anti-slide pile unit that this application adopted prestressed reinforcement concrete pile to fill concreting to form and plain concrete retaining wall combined together's reinforcement scheme in slope whole reinforcement owing to adopt prefabricated prestressed reinforcement concrete pile to fill concreting can shorten certain construction cycle, strengthens the ability of shearing of anti-slide pile unit simultaneously to reach good slope reinforcement effect in hope.
(3) The arrangement of the foreign soil planting layer improves the survival rate of the side slope vegetation and the growing environment of the plants, and meanwhile, the planting mode of herbaceous plants and leguminous plants is adopted as the main part, and evergreen shrub plants and vine plants are adopted as the auxiliary part, so that the characteristics of the growing space, the growing time, the growing habit and the like of different kinds of plants can be reasonably utilized, the plants can grow rapidly, and the water and soil loss of the side slope is reduced.
(4) The fertilizer doped in the soil dressing planting layer can meet the fertilizer requirement of plants and ensure the rapid growth of various plants.
(5) The degradable fiber woven net arranged in the foreign soil planting layer can play a role in protecting and fixing soil in the early stage of the soil of the foreign soil planting layer, and can be slowly degraded and dissolved in the soil along with the lapse of time, so that the effect of preventing water and soil loss of a side slope can be realized, and the secondary pollution to the environment can be avoided.
(6) The water storage, drainage and irrigation system can meet the water demand of plant growth, can store rainwater in a rainy season, can irrigate plants by using rainwater stored in the toe reservoir, the middle reservoir and the top reservoir in a dry season, and avoids the death of the plants due to drought.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a gravel soil slope greening technology for open-pit mining of a green mine, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: shaping a side slope;
the method comprises the steps of carrying out slope cutting treatment on a convex part or a steep part of a side slope after open-pit mining, finally controlling the slope ratio of the side slope to be 0.6-0.8, arranging a middle slope horizontal platform and a top slope horizontal platform in the middle of the side slope, enabling the widths of the middle slope horizontal platform and the top slope horizontal platform to be 5-8 m, and cleaning out large broken stones and dangerous stones in a certain depth range downwards from the surface layer of the slope of the side slope.
In the ploughing process, the broken stone soil layer 20-35 cm below the surface layer of the slope surface of the side slope needs to be ploughed, large broken stones and dangerous stones are cleared in the ploughing process, the broken stones with the grain sizes of about 5 cm are collected, and the collected broken stones with the grain sizes of about 5 cm can be used as raw materials of the plain concrete retaining wall at the toe of the slope in the second step.
In the turning process, organic manure and crushed straws are gathered in the gravel layer to improve the soil quality of the gravel layer, and 5Kg to 10Kg are uniformly scattered per square meter.
The second step is that: integrally reinforcing the side slope;
arranging one or two rows of anti-slide pile units on a slope middle horizontal platform and a slope top horizontal platform of the side slope respectively, wherein the anti-slide pile units in the second step comprise prestressed reinforced concrete piles and poured concrete which are alternately arranged at intervals, the nominal outer diameter of each prestressed reinforced concrete pile is 200-250 mm, the nominal inner diameter of each prestressed reinforced concrete pile is 100-150 mm, and 8-12 cold-drawn low-carbon steel wires with the diameter of 3-8 mm are arranged in each prestressed reinforced concrete pile to improve the shearing strength of each prestressed reinforced concrete pile; the casting concrete is mixed with an expanding agent and fibers, and the casting concrete and the prestressed reinforced concrete pile form a whole after being solidified; the lower end of the anti-slide pile unit is buried in a stable soil layer below a water storage layer to a certain depth, the buried depth is 3-5 m under the common condition, a drilling machine is used for drilling holes in the actual construction process, the hole diameter of each drilling hole is 350-400 mm, the depth of each drilling hole is 5-15 m, after the drilling hole construction is finished, a prestressed reinforced concrete pile is placed in the drilled drilling hole through a crane, then a concrete grouting pump is used for injecting prepared concrete mortar into a gap between the prestressed reinforced concrete pile and the drilling hole, an expanding agent and fibers are mixed into the concrete mortar, and the poured concrete and the prestressed reinforced concrete pile jointly form a complete anti-slide pile unit.
Paving an anti-seepage stable reinforcing layer, a water storage layer and a geotextile layer in sequence from deep to shallow on the surface of the slope without the anti-slide pile unit and the plain concrete retaining wall; wherein, a toe reservoir, a middle reservoir and a top reservoir are respectively arranged in the water reservoirs at the toe, the middle and the top of the slope, and water pumps are respectively arranged in the toe reservoir, the middle reservoir and the top reservoir.
The third step: backfilling and laying the foreign soil;
laying planting soil above the geotechnical cloth layer to form an alien soil planting layer, installing an irrigation device in the alien soil planting layer, planting vine plants on the alien soil planting layers of the slope toe and the slope middle horizontal platform, planting evergreen shrub plants on the rest alien soil planting layers, covering the alien soil planting layers among the evergreen shrub plants with a protective net layer, and mixing plant seeds in the alien soil planting layers of the protective net layer; the protection net layer is a galvanized metal diamond net which is fixed on the anti-slide pile unit or the plain concrete retaining wall.
The fourth step: building a water storage, drainage and irrigation system;
water collecting channels for collecting water and storing water are respectively arranged on two sides of the toe reservoir, the middle-slope reservoir and the top-slope reservoir; the water collecting channel is respectively communicated with the corresponding toe water storage tank, the slope middle water storage tank and the slope top water storage tank, the water pumps in the toe water storage tank, the slope middle water storage tank and the slope top water storage tank are respectively communicated with the corresponding irrigation devices through water outlet pipes, and the irrigation devices are all the prior art, are equipment frequently used in the prior art, and are not the invention point of the invention, so that the detailed description is not needed.
The side surfaces of the upper ends of the slope top reservoir and the slope middle reservoir are respectively provided with an overflow port, the overflow ports of the slope top reservoir are communicated with the water inlet of the slope middle reservoir through overflow guide pipes, and the overflow ports of the slope middle reservoir are also communicated with the water inlet of the slope foot reservoir through overflow guide pipes.
When the rainwater in the water storage tank at the top of the slope is fully stored, the rainwater in the water storage tank at the top of the slope flows into the water storage tank at the bottom of the slope through the overflow conduit; when the plants are planted in dry seasons, the water pump is started to pump out rainwater in the toe slope reservoir, the middle slope reservoir and the top slope reservoir, and the rainwater is automatically sprayed to the planted plants through the irrigation device.
The fifth step: maintaining and recording;
the vegetation is regularly watered, deinsectized and maintained, the growth condition of the vegetation on the side slope and the stability of the side slope are monitored, and corresponding protective measures are taken in severe weather such as strong rainfall.
The thickness of the stable back up coat of infiltration sets up to 3 centimetres ~ 5 centimetres in the second step, and the stable back up coat of infiltration is formed by fly ash, bentonite, clay, loess homogeneous mixing, and the mass ratio of fly ash, bentonite, clay, loess is 0.05-0.1: 0.025-0.05: 0.25-0.5: 1-1.5, wherein the wet fly ash, bentonite and clay have strong cohesive force, so that the soil and the slope in-situ crushed stone can be effectively combined together, the water and soil loss of the slope soil is reduced, and geological disasters such as debris flow and the like are avoided.
The soil dressing planting layer is based on mine stripping surface soil and is mixed with organic nutrient soil, a compound fertilizer, poultry manure and straws, wherein the mass ratio of the stripping surface soil to the organic nutrient soil to the compound fertilizer to the poultry manure to the straws is 1-1.5: 0.2-0.4: 0.05-0.1: 0.15-0.3: 0.1-0.2.
The thickness of the alien soil planting layer is set to be 25-35 cm, 1-2 layers of degradable fiber woven nets are arranged in the alien soil planting layer at equal intervals, the degradable fiber woven nets are made of one of cellulose fibers, chitin fibers and polylactic acid fibers or any two of the cellulose fibers, the chitin fibers and the polylactic acid fibers, the degradable fiber woven nets can reinforce the alien soil planting layer by layer, and the water and soil loss degree of the alien soil planting layer is greatly reduced.
Plant seeds are mixed in the soil-dressing planting layer, and the plant seeds are herbaceous plants or leguminous plants or a mixture of herbaceous plants and leguminous plants, wherein the mass ratio of the herbaceous plants to the leguminous plants is 1:1-2.5: 1.
The vine plant is one or more of parthenocissus tricuspidata, wisteria floribunda and winter jasmine, the evergreen shrub plant is one or more of gardenia, hypericum, buxus sinica and buxus microphylla, wherein the evergreen shrub plant has a plant spacing of 1-2 meters along the slope trend and a row spacing of 2-3 meters along the slope trend.
The cross section of the water collecting channel is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the depth is 0.5-0.8 meter, the width of the upper bottom is 0.7-1.5 meters, and the width of the lower bottom is 0.5-1.0 meter.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A gravel soil slope greening technology for surface mining of green mines is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: shaping a side slope;
carrying out slope cutting treatment on a convex part or a steep part of a side slope after open-pit mining, finally controlling the slope ratio of the side slope to be 0.6-0.8, arranging a middle slope horizontal platform in the middle of the side slope, arranging a top slope horizontal platform at the top of the side slope, and cleaning dangerous stones on the surface layer of the side slope and large broken stones in a certain depth range downwards from the surface layer of the slope;
the second step is that: integrally reinforcing the side slope;
respectively constructing one row or two rows of drill holes on a slope middle horizontal platform and a slope top horizontal platform of the side slope, wherein anti-slide pile units are arranged in the drill holes, and plain concrete retaining walls are arranged at the slope feet of the side slope; paving an anti-seepage stable reinforcing layer, a water storage layer and a geotextile layer in sequence from deep to shallow on the surface of the slope without the anti-slide pile unit and the plain concrete retaining wall; wherein, a toe reservoir, a middle reservoir and a top reservoir are respectively arranged in the water reservoirs at the toe, middle and top of the side slope, and water pumps are respectively arranged in the toe reservoir, middle reservoir and top reservoir;
the third step: backfilling and laying the foreign soil;
laying planting soil above the geotechnical cloth layer to form an alien soil planting layer, embedding an irrigation device in the alien soil planting layer, planting vine plants on the alien soil planting layers of the slope toe and the slope middle horizontal platform, planting evergreen shrub plants on the rest alien soil planting layers, covering the alien soil planting layers among the evergreen shrub plants with a protective net layer, and mixing plant seeds in the alien soil planting layers of the protective net layer; the protective net layer is a galvanized metal diamond net which is fixed on the anti-slide pile unit or the plain concrete retaining wall by an anchor;
the fourth step: building a water storage, drainage and irrigation system;
water collecting channels for collecting water and storing water are respectively arranged on two sides of the toe reservoir, the middle-slope reservoir and the top-slope reservoir; the water collecting channel is respectively communicated with a toe water storage tank, a middle water storage tank and a top water storage tank which correspond to the water collecting channel, and water pumps in the toe water storage tank, the middle water storage tank and the top water storage tank are respectively communicated with corresponding irrigation devices through water outlet pipes;
the side surfaces of the upper ends of the slope top reservoir and the slope middle reservoir are respectively provided with an overflow port, the overflow ports of the slope top reservoir are communicated with the water inlet of the slope middle reservoir through overflow guide pipes, and the overflow ports of the slope middle reservoir are also communicated with the water inlet of the slope foot reservoir through overflow guide pipes;
the fifth step: maintaining and recording;
the vegetation is regularly watered, deinsectized and maintained, the growth condition of the vegetation on the side slope and the stability of the side slope are monitored, and corresponding protective measures are taken in severe weather such as strong rainfall.
2. The gravel soil slope greening technology for surface mining of green mines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, a broken stone soil layer 20-35 cm below the surface layer of the slope surface of the side slope needs to be ploughed, large broken stones and dangerous stones are cleared in the ploughing process, the broken stones with the grain sizes of about 5 cm are collected, and the collected broken stones with the grain sizes of about 5 cm can be used as raw materials of the plain concrete retaining wall at the toe of the slope in the second step.
3. The gravel soil slope greening technology for surface mining of green mines as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the turning process, organic manure and crushed straws are gathered in the gravel layer to improve the soil quality of the gravel layer, and 5Kg to 10Kg are uniformly scattered per square meter.
4. The gravel soil slope greening technology for surface mining of green mines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the anti-slide pile unit in the second step comprises a prestressed reinforced concrete pile, the prestressed reinforced concrete pile is arranged in the drill hole, and concrete is cast in the gap between the prestressed reinforced concrete pile and the drill hole in situ; wherein the nominal external diameter of the prestressed reinforced concrete pile is 200 mm-250 mm, the nominal internal diameter is 100 mm-150 mm, and 8-12 cold-drawn low-carbon steel wires with the diameter of 3 mm-8 mm are arranged in the prestressed reinforced concrete pile; the casting concrete is mixed with an expanding agent and fibers, and the casting concrete and the prestressed reinforced concrete pile form a whole after being solidified; the lower end of the anti-slide pile unit is buried in a stable soil layer below the water storage layer by a certain depth.
5. The gravel soil slope greening technology for surface mining of green mines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the stable back up coat of infiltration sets up to 3 centimetres ~ 5 centimetres in the second step, and the stable back up coat of infiltration is formed by fly ash, bentonite, clay, loess homogeneous mixing, and the mass ratio of fly ash, bentonite, clay, loess is 0.05-0.1: 0.025-0.05: 0.25-0.5: 1-1.5.
6. The gravel soil slope greening technology for surface mining of green mines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the soil dressing planting layer is based on mine stripping surface soil and is mixed with organic nutrient soil, a compound fertilizer, poultry manure and straws, wherein the mass ratio of the stripping surface soil to the organic nutrient soil to the compound fertilizer to the poultry manure to the straws is 1-1.5: 0.2-0.4: 0.05-0.1: 0.15-0.3: 0.1-0.2.
7. The gravel soil slope greening technology for surface mining of green mines as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the thickness of the foreign soil planting layer is set to be 25-35 cm, 1-2 layers of degradable fiber woven nets are arranged in the foreign soil planting layer at equal intervals, and the degradable fiber woven nets are made of one of cellulose fibers, chitin fibers and polylactic acid fibers or made of any two of the cellulose fibers, the chitin fibers and the polylactic acid fibers.
8. The gravel soil slope greening technology for surface mining of green mines as claimed in claim 7, wherein: plant seeds are mixed in the soil-dressing planting layer, and the plant seeds are herbaceous plants or leguminous plants or a mixture of herbaceous plants and leguminous plants, wherein the mass ratio of the herbaceous plants to the leguminous plants is 1:1-2.5: 1.
9. The gravel soil slope greening technology for surface mining of green mines as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the vine plant is one or more of parthenocissus tricuspidata, wisteria floribunda and winter jasmine, the evergreen shrub plant is one or more of gardenia, hypericum, buxus sinica and buxus microphylla, wherein the evergreen shrub plant has a plant spacing of 1-2 meters along the slope trend and a row spacing of 2-3 meters along the slope trend.
10. The gravel soil slope greening technology for surface mining of green mines as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the water collecting channel is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the depth is 0.5-0.8 meter, the width of the upper bottom is 0.7-1.5 meters, and the width of the lower bottom is 0.5-1.0 meter.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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