CN109487776A - A kind of restoration of the ecosystem structure for mining area and the restorative procedure for reducing soil erosion - Google Patents
A kind of restoration of the ecosystem structure for mining area and the restorative procedure for reducing soil erosion Download PDFInfo
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- CN109487776A CN109487776A CN201811305481.1A CN201811305481A CN109487776A CN 109487776 A CN109487776 A CN 109487776A CN 201811305481 A CN201811305481 A CN 201811305481A CN 109487776 A CN109487776 A CN 109487776A
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- downslope
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of restoration of the ecosystem structure for mining area and the restorative procedures of reduction soil erosion, belong to restoration of the ecosystem field, a kind of restoration of the ecosystem structure for mining area disclosed by the invention, including rock base, rock base middle section is rock platform, it further include gabion wall, rubble layer and screw-thread steel bar planting, rubble layer is laid in the surface of rock platform, is equipped with planting soil layer above rubble layer.Gabion wall is located at the outer ledge position of rock platform, and rubble layer and planting soil layer are respectively positioned on the inside of gabion wall, and one end of screw-thread steel bar planting is inserted and fixed in rock platform, and the other end of screw-thread steel bar planting is fixed in gabion wall.In the lower section of planting soil layer, setting rubble layer can allow the moisture content of planting soil layer to penetrate into rubble layer, be conducive to plant growth, gabion wall is fixed in such a way that rock platform is inserted into steel bar planting, so that stronger in the gabion fixation for being not easy to be fixed on rock surface originally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to restoration of the ecosystem field more particularly to a kind of restoration of the ecosystem structures and reduction water and soil stream for mining area
The restorative procedure of mistake.
Background technique
Quarry mining area damages local soil texture and surface vegetation after exploiting, and exacerbates area
Domain soil erosion, rock layer surface weathering, soil desertification phenomenon are significant, keep it uncoordinated with periphery ecologic landscape environment, naturally raw
State environmental resource is seriously damaged.If do not administered to mining area simultaneously, surrounding dust is more, to surrounding enviroment, resident
Production activity and Health Impact are very big.It is expended if being chiseled and carved only with artificial physics excessive and is difficult to reach ecology natural
Effect carry out green plants so how to be restored using rock ecoscape and reclaim and landscape recovery technique obtains increasingly
More people payes attention to, especially in mountainous region, mine is repaired just is particularly important, preferably rock ecology can be carried out in this way
Landscape reparation.
Unfavorable for plant growth since mining area strata structure is more, simple fill soil goes planting plants because of soil layer water
Divide and nutrient is insufficient, and soil layer is lost seriously, so that survived using plant is still relatively difficult to guarantee after prior art progress restoration of the ecosystem,
Even if building by laying earth-retaining stone walling in side slope, also it can easily collapse because of the danger of side slope periphery operating environment, stone walling and engineering is made to be difficult to carry out.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, a kind of for mining area technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in proposing
Restoration of the ecosystem structure and the restorative procedure for reducing soil erosion are arranged rubble layer in the lower section of planting soil layer, can to plant
The moisture content of soil layer can penetrate into rubble layer, guarantee that the oxygen of planting soil layer is sufficient, while can be by water using rock platform
Part is stored in rubble layer well, and plant can rush in rubble layer and draw moisture content, be conducive to plant growth.It is leaned in rock platform
Fixed special inside is filled with the gabion wall of round and smooth stone grain at nearly downslope outer ledge, is inserted into rock platform using steel bar planting
Mode fix gabion wall so that stronger in the gabion fixation for being originally not easy to be fixed on rock surface, by special
Gabion wall construction can guarantee that planting soil layer not easily runs off so that repairing effect is more preferably.
To achieve this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of restoration of the ecosystem structure for mining area provided by the invention, including rock base, rock base middle section are rock
Stone platform further includes gabion wall, rubble layer and screw-thread steel bar planting, and rubble layer is laid in the surface of rock platform, rubble layer
Top is equipped with planting soil layer；Gabion wall is located at the outer ledge position of rock platform, and portion is filled with round and smooth stone grain to gabion within the walls,
And rubble layer and planting soil layer are respectively positioned on the inside of gabion wall, one end of screw-thread steel bar planting is inserted and fixed in rock platform,
The other end of screw-thread steel bar planting is fixed in gabion wall.
The present invention preferably technical solution is that gabion wall includes several U-shaped frameworks, and several U-shaped frameworks are along its length
Arrangement, several U-shaped frameworks are docked from beginning to end between any two；Screw-thread steel bar planting middle-end is provided with lateral compression bar, pair of two U-shaped frameworks
The place of connecing is provided with screw-thread steel bar planting, and the both ends of lateral compression bar are supported with two U-shaped framework bottom surfaces respectively.
The present invention preferably technical solution is that gabion wall further includes two end face mesh sheet, several separator panels, end face net
Piece is fixed on the end face of the U-shaped framework positioned at gabion wall both ends, and connection forms separate layer to several separator panels from beginning to end between any two,
Gabion wall is internally provided at least one layer of separate layer and is layered round and smooth stone grain, and gabion wall top end is also fixed with separate layer.
The present invention preferably technical solution is that the restoration of the ecosystem structure for mining area further includes geotextiles, and geotextiles are covered
It is placed on the surface of the gabion, and the edge of geotextiles is extended in the edge of planting soil layer.
The present invention preferably technical solution is that rock base includes upslope and downslope, if planting soil layer plantation has
Dry shrub, the close upslope of planting soil layer and the both sides of the edge kind of downslope are implanted with ramping constraints, two sides ramping constraints
It is covered each by upslope and downslope.
The present invention preferably technical solution is that rock platform has been built by laying close to the side of upslope carries the bright ditch of water, oblique
Open drain has been built by laying in the bottom end on slope, and open drain side kind is implanted with shrub.
The present invention preferably technical solution is that U-shaped framework, end face mesh sheet, the material of separator panel are each configured to zinc-plated
Wire quality.
The present invention preferably technical solution is that the gradient of upslope and downslope is 45 ° to 75 °.
The present invention preferably technical solution is that planting soil layer meets the requirement of 2% slope, and planting soil layer thickness is lower than
500mm。
A kind of ecological restoring method in building stones mining area, comprising the following steps:
Step S00: the equating of rock base: inclined using excavating instrument upslope and downslope being repaired at 45 ° to 75 °
Rubble after the repairing of rock base so that upslope and downslope are tumbled without rubble, while being piled up in rock by ramp rate
On platform；
Step S10: gabion wall is built: several U-shaped frameworks placed along the edge that rock platform intersects with downslope, it is several
U-shaped framework, which connects into strip and is set to rock platform edges, makes gabion wall fixed-type；
Step S20: it carries the bright ditch of water and builds by laying: concrete being formed using the rubble that the equating of rock base generates, along upslope
Bottom side built by laying on rock platform carry the bright ditch of water；
Step S30: rubble layer is laid with: remaining rubble being uniformly layed in the rock carried between the bright ditch of water and gabion wall and is put down
On platform；
Step S40: planting soil layer is laid with: transport planting soil is layed on rubble layer, so that the side of planting soil layer
Contour with gabion wall, the other side of planting soil layer and the load bright ditch of water are contour, while planting soil layer meets the requirement of 2% slope；
Step S50: geotextile laying: by geotextile laying on gabion wall, and part geotextiles extend planting soil layer
Edge；
Step S60: green plants plantation: one or more several shrubs are planted in planting soil layer, in planting soil
The close upslope of layer and the marginal position of downslope plant one or more ramping constraints, and ramping constraints are placed in upslope
And downslope, so that it is covered in upslope and downslope；
Step S70: it builds by laying open drain: arranging the stone riprap of downslope bottom side, for building by laying open drain, complete ecology and repair
Complex structure is built.
The present invention preferably technical solution is that in step slo, the fixed-type process of gabion wall includes:
Step S11: it is equidistantly punched on rock platform；Punch position close to downslope, two U-shaped framework link positions it
Between there is hole and partial hole to be located at U-shaped framework center；
Step S12: U-shaped framework is connected using the binding silk of material identical as U-shaped framework, at one；
Step S13: screw-thread steel bar planting is squeezed into hole, so that U-shaped framework is pressed on rock platform by lateral compression bar；
Step S14: two end face mesh sheet are fixed to the both ends of U-shaped framework after concatenation using binding silk；
Step S15: one layer of round and smooth stone grain is inserted in U-shaped framework after concatenation, covers concatenated point of one layer of separator panel
Interlayer, the link position between separator panel are located at the middle part of U-shaped framework, and docking location, which passes through, between two U-shaped frameworks ties up
Tied silk is fixed with separate layer, and screw-thread steel bar planting is fixedly connected with separate layer by binding silk；
S16: one layer of round and smooth stone grain of step and one layer of separate layer are alternately laid with, and are laid with one layer of separation in U-shaped framework top
Layer completes the sizing of gabion wall.
The invention has the benefit that
A kind of restoration of the ecosystem structure for mining area provided by the invention, including rock base, rock base middle section are rock
Stone platform further includes gabion wall, rubble layer and screw-thread steel bar planting, and rubble layer is laid in the surface of rock platform, rubble layer
Top is equipped with planting soil layer.In the lower section of planting soil layer, setting rubble layer can allow the moisture content of planting soil layer to penetrate into
In rubble layer, guarantee that the oxygen of planting soil layer is sufficient, while moisture content can be stored in rubble layer well using rock platform
In, plant can rush in rubble layer and draw moisture content, be conducive to plant growth.
Gabion wall is located at the outer ledge position of rock platform, and portion is filled with round and smooth stone grain to gabion within the walls, and rubble layer and
Planting soil layer is respectively positioned on the inside of gabion wall, and one end of screw-thread steel bar planting is inserted and fixed in rock platform, screw-thread steel bar planting
The other end be fixed in gabion wall.Gabion wall is fixed in such a way that rock platform is inserted into steel bar planting, so that originally not
The gabion fixation for being easily fixed in rock surface is stronger, can guarantee not easily runing off for planting soil layer by gabion wall, make
Obtain repairing effect more preferably.
Several U-shaped frameworks are placed along the edge that rock platform intersects with downslope, several U-shaped frameworks connect into strip
Being set to rock platform edges makes gabion wall fixed-type；Gabion wall is spliced using multiple U-shaped frameworks, and it is curved to be adapted to mining area
Bent landform.
Restoration of the ecosystem structure for mining area further includes geotextiles, and geotextiles are covered in the surface of the gabion, and geotechnique
The edge of cloth is extended in the edge of planting soil layer.It is covered above the side of planting soil layer and gabion wall in gabion wall
Geotextiles prevent soil layer to be lost to obstruct planting soil layer.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the restoration of the ecosystem structure provided in the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the U-shaped framework provided in the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the gabion wall provided in the specific embodiment of the invention；
In figure:
1, rock base；2, the bright ditch of water is carried；3, rubble layer；4, planting soil layer；5, ramping constraints；6, shrub；7, gabion
Wall；8, screw-thread steel bar planting；9, open drain；10, geotextiles；11, upslope；12, rock platform；13, downslope；71, U-shaped frame
Frame；72, end face mesh sheet；73, separate layer；731, separator panel；74, round and smooth stone grain；75, at docking；81, lateral compression bar.
Specific embodiment
To further illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of restoration of the ecosystem structure for mining area provided in the present embodiment, including rock base 1, rock
1 middle section of ground mass layer is rock platform 12, further includes gabion wall 7, rubble layer 3 and screw-thread steel bar planting 8, rubble layer 3 is laid in rock
The surface of stone platform 12, the top of rubble layer 3 are equipped with planting soil layer 4；Gabion wall 7 is located at the outer ledge position of rock platform 12
It sets, round and smooth stone grain 74 is filled with inside gabion wall 7, and rubble layer 3 and planting soil layer 4 are respectively positioned on the inside of gabion wall 7, screw-thread steel
One end of bar planting 8 is inserted and fixed in rock platform 12, and the other end of screw-thread steel bar planting 8 is fixed in gabion wall 7.It will discard
The rock base 1 in building stones mining area be trimmed to three sections, rock platform 12 of the middle position setting for greening will repair rock base
The rubble that layer 1 generates rationally utilizes, and for being laid with rubble layer 3 and irrigation canals and ditches etc., can save rehabilitation cost to the greatest extent.Plantation
Soil layer 4 is layed in the surface of rubble layer 3, and when rainwater is more abundant, rainwater can be penetrated into rubble layer 3, avoid planting
The excessive rainfall for planting soil layer 4 causes oxygen in planting soil layer 4 insufficient, and plant is easy to appear the rotten phenomenon of rhizome.It stores simultaneously
Moisture content in rubble layer 3 is not easy to penetrate into deeper underground under the blocking of rock platform 12, and plant can be from
Moisture content is drawn in rubble layer 3, can make plant that can obtain sufficient and suitable moisture content supply in longer time section, make
It is more preferable to obtain plant growth.Building stones mining area is inconvenient to carry out in the fixation of gabion wall 7 simultaneously, and gabion wall 7 is easy to happen sliding, this
Invention squeezes into rock platform 12 using screw-thread steel bar planting 8, while screw-thread steel bar planting 8 and gabion wall 7 are fixed, utilize rock platform 12
Hardness, firmly gabion wall 7 can be fixed on rock platform 12, while can preferably stop to plant using gabion wall 7
Plant the soil erosion of soil layer 4.The reparation structure is conducive to plant growth, so that the effect of restoration of the ecosystem is more preferable.By to mining area
The whole design of side slope, to reduce mining area soil and water loss phenomenon and repair mining area bare side sloping vegetation ecological environment.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, gabion wall 7 includes several U-shaped frameworks 71, and several U-shaped frameworks 71 arrange along its length, if
Head and the tail dock dry U-shaped framework 71 between any two；8 middle-end of screw-thread steel bar planting is provided with lateral compression bar 81, pair of two U-shaped frameworks 71
The place of connecing 75 is provided with screw-thread steel bar planting 8, and the both ends of lateral compression bar 81 are supported with two 71 bottom surfaces of U-shaped framework respectively, while U-shaped frame
The inside of frame 71 is also fixed with screw-thread steel bar planting 8, is consolidated single U-shaped framework 71 by the lateral compression bar 81 of screw-thread steel bar planting 8
Due to the surface of rock platform 12.In order to save repair cost, do not needed when repairing building stones mining area by the upper oblique of rock base 1
Face and lower inclined plane finishing are in same level, so that warp architecture is presented in the marginal portion of rock platform 12, by multiple
U-shaped framework 71 along the edge series arrangement of rock platform 12, may be constructed and become with the edge same flexure of rock platform 12
It is flexible to solve the problems, such as that the integrated gabion of tradition is not allowed for the gabion wall 7 of gesture.Pass through the lateral compression bar 81 of screw-thread steel bar planting 8
Effect, two neighboring U-shaped framework 71 can be fixed together, be increased by the intensity that is connected between single U-shaped framework 71.
The present invention preferably technical solution is, gabion wall 7 further includes two end face mesh sheet 72, several separator panels 731,
End face mesh sheet 72 is fixed on the end face of the U-shaped framework 71 positioned at 7 both ends of gabion wall, several separator panels 731 head and the tail between any two
Connection forms separate layer 73, and gabion wall 7 is internally provided at least one layer of separate layer 73 and is layered round and smooth stone grain 74, and gabion wall 7 pushes up
End is also fixed with separate layer 73.Preferably, U-shaped framework 71, end face mesh sheet 72, the material of separator panel 731 are each configured to zinc-plated
Wire quality, the material can play preferable corrosion-resisting function.In order to increase the fastness and enhancing soil-water protection of gabion
Effect, in the separate layer 73 of the intermediate setting multilayer of U-shaped framework 71, and the junction between two separator panels 731 is located at U
The inside of type frame 71 has higher intensity so that the separator panel 731 of 71 junction of U-shaped framework is integrated state, leads to
It crosses binding silk separator panel 731 and U-shaped framework 71 is fixed, while both separator panel 731 and U-shaped framework 71 can be increased
Intensity, so that the integral strength of gabion wall 7 is all improved.Simultaneously by the separator panel 731 of multilayer by internal round and smooth stone
Grain 74 separates, so that round and smooth stone grain 74 is smaller to the extruding force of U-shaped framework 71, is conducive to the molding of gabion wall 7.
As shown in Figure 1, the restoration of the ecosystem structure for mining area further includes geotextiles 10, geotextiles 10 are covered in the gabion
Surface, and the edge of geotextiles 10 is extended in the edge of planting soil layer 4.By the way that geotechnique is arranged at the top of gabion wall 7
Cloth 10 makes under rainwash, and planting soil layer 4 is also not easy to be lost from 7 position of gabion wall, can play preferable water and soil
Protective effect.
As shown in Figure 1, rock base 1 includes upslope 11 and downslope 13, it is preferred that upslope 11 and downslope 13
The gradient is 60 °, and the plantation of planting soil layer 4 has several shrubs 6, the close upslope 11 of planting soil layer 4 and downslope 13
Both sides of the edge kind is implanted with ramping constraints 5, and two sides ramping constraints 5 are covered each by upslope 11 and downslope 13.Planting soil layer 4 is full
Foot 2% slope requirement, and the most thick place of planting soil layer 4 is 500mm.Shrub 6 is right since tree crown is small, root system is limited
The space requirement of planting site is little, and soil layer also should not be very thick.A variety of shrubs are planted according to design at the middle part of planting soil layer 4
6, good Greening functions can be played, simultaneously because building stones mining soil is less, need to plant by manually shipping planting soil
Not thick shrub 6 is required soil layer, rehabilitation cost, while afforestation effect also available guarantee can be reduced.Simultaneously because
Upslope 11 and downslope 13 are not easy to be laid with planting soil layer 4, and general plant can not be in the upslope 11 of baldness and oblique
It is grown on slope 13, so ramping constraints 5 are planted using 4 marginal position of planting soil layer in rock platform 12, so that ramping constraints 5
Sprawling is covered in upslope 11 and downslope 13, to play the role of greening.
As shown in Figure 1, rock platform 12 has been built by laying close to the side of upslope 11 carries the bright ditch 2 of water, the bottom end of downslope 13
Open drain 9 is built by laying.9 side kind of open drain is implanted with shrub 6, builds on rock platform 12 and carries the bright ditch 2 of water, can be compared with
The rainwater for collecting upslope 11 and rock platform 12 well builds by laying into enclosed construction at ditch both ends, allows rainwater temporary
When be stored in and carry in the bright ditch 2 of water, while penetrating into planting soil layer 4, provide moisture content to planting soil layer 4.It repairs the bottom end of downslope 13
Block has open drain 9, and the rainwater for carrying rainwater and downslope 13 that the bright ditch 2 of water overflows all flows into open drain 9, can play fast
The effect of speed draining.
A kind of restorative procedure reducing soil erosion using restoration of the ecosystem structure, comprising the following steps:
Step S00: the equating of rock base 1: inclined using excavating instrument and repairing upslope 11 and downslope 13 at 60 °
Ramp rate so that upslope 11 and downslope 13 are tumbled without rubble, while the rubble after the repairing of rock base 1 being piled up in
On rock platform 12；The width of rock platform 12 is greater than 6 meters.It does not need all to modify upslope 11 and downslope 13 same flat
Face can be the warp architecture according to landform, can reduce rehabilitation cost.
Step S10: gabion wall 7 is built: several U-shaped frameworks 71 are put along the edge that rock platform 12 intersects with downslope 13
It sets, several U-shaped frameworks 71, which connect into strip and are set to 12 edge of rock platform, makes gabion wall 7 fixed-type；According to landform
Bending setting, increase is overall beautiful, while reducing cost.
Step S20: it carries the bright ditch 2 of water and builds by laying: concrete being formed using the rubble that 1 equating of rock base generates, along upper oblique
The bottom side on slope 11 is built by laying on rock platform 12 carries the bright ditch 2 of water；Original place materials, are built by laying using existing rubble, can be accomplished
The reasonable utilization of resource.
Step S30: rubble layer 3 is laid with: remaining rubble is uniformly layed in the rock carried between the bright ditch 2 of water and gabion wall 7
On stone platform 12；The thickness of rubble layer 3 is determined according to remaining rubble.
Step S40: planting soil layer 4 is laid with: transport planting soil is layed on rubble layer 3, so that the one of planting soil layer 4
Side and gabion wall 7 are contour, and the other side of planting soil layer 4 and the load bright ditch 2 of water are contour, while planting soil layer 4 meets 2% slope and wants
It asks；7 side of gabion wall is upper side, so that water and soil is less easy to run off.
Step S50: geotextiles 10 are laid with: geotextiles 10 being layed on gabion wall 7, and part geotextiles 10 extend kind
Plant the edge of soil layer 4；Play the role of soil-water protection.
Step S60: green plants plantation: one or more several shrubs 6 are planted in planting soil layer 4, are being planted
The close upslope 11 of soil layer 4 and the marginal position of downslope 13 plant one or more ramping constraints 5, and ramping constraints 5 are put
It is placed in upslope 11 and downslope 13, it is made to be covered in upslope 11 and downslope 13.
Step S70: it builds by laying open drain 9: arranging the stone riprap of 13 bottom side of downslope, for building by laying open drain 9, complete life
State repairs building for structure.
By above-mentioned restorative procedure, can only be cleared up broken to existing mining area structure without big change
Stone and finishing rock platform 12, can shorten and repair the duration, while the rubble generated after finishing rationally being utilized, can reduce and repair
Multiple cost；Reasonable reparation sequence, can make repair process orderly carry out；The reasonable selection of plant simultaneously, enables it to fit
Answer building stones mining area adverse circumstances.
The fixed-type process of gabion wall 7 includes:
Step S11: it is equidistantly punched on rock platform 12；Punch position is connected close to downslope 13, two U-shaped frameworks 71
There are hole and partial hole to be located at 71 center of U-shaped framework between position；
Step S12: U-shaped framework 71 is connected using the binding silk of material identical as U-shaped framework 71, at one；
Step S13: screw-thread steel bar planting 8 is squeezed into hole, so that U-shaped framework 71 is pressed on rock platform 12 by lateral compression bar 81
On；
Step S14: two end face mesh sheet 72 are fixed to the both ends of U-shaped framework 71 after concatenation using binding silk；
Step S15: inserting one layer of round and smooth stone grain 74 in U-shaped framework 71 after concatenation, cover one layer of separator panel 731 and go here and there
The separate layer 73 of connection, the link position between separator panel 731 are located at the middle part of U-shaped framework 71, right between two U-shaped frameworks 71
It connects position and passes through binding silk and the fixation of separate layer 73, screw-thread steel bar planting 8 is fixedly connected with separate layer 73 by binding silk；
S16: one layer of step round and smooth stone grain 74 and one layer of separate layer 73 are alternately laid with, and are laid with one in 71 top of U-shaped framework
Layer separate layer 73 completes the sizing of gabion wall 7.
Pass through the build process of above-mentioned gabion wall 7, it may be convenient to several U-shaped frameworks 71 be concatenated and constitute gabion wall 7, together
When screw-thread steel bar planting 8 first punch the mode being implanted into afterwards and make 12 rugged construction of rock platform, 7 fixation of gabion wall；Cooperate more
The setting of layer separate layer 73, so that 71 series connection structure of several U-shaped frameworks is stronger.
The present invention is described with reference to the preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art know, of the invention not departing from
In the case where spirit and scope, various changes or equivalence replacement can be carried out to these features and embodiment.The present invention is not by this
The limitation of specific embodiment disclosed in place, other embodiments fallen into claims hereof belong to protection of the present invention
Range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of restoration of the ecosystem structure for mining area, including rock base (1), rock base (1) middle section is flat for rock
Platform (12), it is characterised in that:
It further include gabion wall (7), rubble layer (3) and screw-thread steel bar planting (8), it is flat that the rubble layer (3) is laid in the rock
The surface of platform (12) is equipped with planting soil layer (4) above the rubble layer (3)；
The gabion wall (7) is located at the outer ledge position of the rock platform (12), is filled with circle inside the gabion wall (7)
Talcum grain (74), and the rubble layer (3) and the planting soil layer (4) are respectively positioned on the inside of the gabion wall (7), the screw thread
One end of steel bar planting (8) is inserted and fixed in the rock platform (12), and the other end of the screw-thread steel bar planting (8) is fixed on
In the gabion wall (7).
2. the restoration of the ecosystem structure according to claim 1 for mining area, it is characterised in that:
The gabion wall (7) includes several U-shaped frameworks (71), and several U-shaped frameworks (71) arrange along its length, Ruo Gansuo
Stating U-shaped framework (71), head and the tail dock between any two；
Screw-thread steel bar planting (8) middle-end is provided with lateral compression bar (81), and (75) are equal at the docking of two U-shaped frameworks (71)
Be provided with the screw-thread steel bar planting (8), the both ends of the transverse direction compression bar (81) respectively with two U-shaped framework (71) bottom surfaces
It supports.
3. the restoration of the ecosystem structure according to claim 2 for mining area, it is characterised in that:
The gabion wall (7) further includes two end face mesh sheet (72), several separator panels (731), and the end face mesh sheet (72) is solid
Due to the end face for the U-shaped framework (71) for being located at gabion wall (7) both ends, several separator panels (731) are first between any two
Tail connects to be formed separate layer (73), and the gabion wall (7) is internally provided at least one layer of separate layer (73) for round and smooth stone grain
(74) it is layered, gabion wall (7) top is also fixed with the separate layer (73).
4. the restoration of the ecosystem structure according to claim 1 for mining area, it is characterised in that:
It further include geotextiles (10), the geotextiles (10) are covered in the surface of the gabion, and the side of the geotextiles (10)
Edge is extended in the edge of the planting soil layer (4).
5. the restoration of the ecosystem structure according to claim 1 for mining area, it is characterised in that:
The rock base (1) includes upslope (11) and downslope (13), and planting soil layer (4) plantation has several tall fillings
Wooden (6), the close upslope (11) of the planting soil layer (4) and the both sides of the edge kind of downslope (13) are implanted with ramping constraints (5),
Ramping constraints described in two sides (5) are covered each by the upslope (11) and the downslope (13).
6. the restoration of the ecosystem structure according to claim 1 for mining area, it is characterised in that:
The rock platform (12) has built by laying close to the side of upslope (11) and has carried the bright ditch of water (2), the bottom of the downslope (13)
End has been built by laying open drain (9), and open drain (9) side kind is implanted with shrub (6).
7. the restoration of the ecosystem structure according to claim 2 for mining area, it is characterised in that:
The U-shaped framework (71), end face mesh sheet (72), the material of separator panel (731) are each configured to zinc-coated wire material.
8. the restoration of the ecosystem structure according to claim 5 for mining area, it is characterised in that:
The gradient of the upslope (11) and the downslope (13) is 45 ° to 75 °.
9. a kind of ecological restoring method using the described in any item restoration of the ecosystem structures of claim 1 to 8, it is characterised in that:
Step S00: the equating of rock base (1): the upslope (11) and the downslope (13) are repaired using instrument is excavated
At 45 ° to 75 ° of gradient is managed, so that the upslope (11) and the downslope (13) are tumbled without rubble, simultaneously
Rubble after the rock base (1) is repaired is piled up on the rock platform (12)；
Step S10: gabion wall (7) is built: by several U-shaped frameworks (71) along the rock platform (12) and the downslope
(13) edge intersected is placed, and several U-shaped frameworks (71) connect into strip and are set to rock platform (12) edge
So that the gabion wall (7) is fixed-type；
Step S20: the bright ditch of water (2) are carried and are built by laying: concrete is formed using the rubble that rock base (1) equating generates, along
The bottom side of the upslope (11) is built by laying on the rock platform (12) carries the bright ditch of water (2)；
Step S30: rubble layer (3) is laid with: remaining rubble is uniformly layed in the bright ditch of the load water (2) and the gabion wall
(7) on the rock platform (12) between；
Step S40: planting soil layer (4) is laid with: transport planting soil is layed on the rubble layer (3), so that the plantation
The side of soil layer (4) and the gabion wall (7) are contour, the other side of the planting soil layer (4) and the bright ditch of the load water (2) etc.
Height, while the planting soil layer (4) meets the requirement of 2% slope；
Step S50: geotextiles (10) are laid with: geotextiles (10) being layed on the gabion wall (7), and part geotextiles (10)
Extend the edge of the planting soil layer (4)；
Step S60: green plants plantation: planting one or more several shrubs (6) on the planting soil layer (4),
The close upslope (11) of the planting soil layer (4) and the marginal position of downslope (13) plant one or more ramping constraints
(5), the ramping constraints (5) are placed in the upslope (11) and downslope (13), make its be covered in upslope (11) and
Downslope (13)；
Step S70: open drain (9) are built by laying: being arranged the stone riprap of downslope (13) bottom side, for building by laying open drain (9), completed
The restoration of the ecosystem structure is built.
10. ecological restoring method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that:
In the step S10, the fixed-type process of the gabion wall (7) includes:
Step S11: it is equidistantly punched on the rock platform (12)；Punch position is close to downslope (13), two U-shaped frames
There are hole and partial hole to be located at the U-shaped framework (71) center between frame (71) link position；
Step S12: the U-shaped framework (71) is connected into one using the binding silk of material identical as the U-shaped framework (71)
Constitute the frame of the gabion wall (7)；
Step S13: screw-thread steel bar planting (8) is squeezed into the hole, so that U-shaped framework (71) is pressed on rock by lateral compression bar (81)
On platform (12)；
Step S14: two end face mesh sheet (72) are fixed to the both ends of U-shaped framework (71) after concatenation using binding silk；
Step S15: one layer of round and smooth stone grain (74) is inserted in U-shaped framework (71) after concatenation, covers one layer of separator panel (731)
Concatenated separate layer (73), the link position between separator panel (731) are located at the middle part of the U-shaped framework (71), and two U-shaped
(75) are fixed by binding silk and separate layer (73) at docking between frame (71), screw-thread steel bar planting (8) and the separate layer
(73) it is fixedly connected by binding silk；
S16: one layer of step round and smooth stone grain (74) and one layer of separate layer (73) are alternately laid with, in the U-shaped framework (71) top
It is laid with the sizing that one layer of separate layer (73) completes gabion wall (7).
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| CN111279965A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-16 | 南京安吉特矿山工程有限公司 | Greening method for stepped mine |
| US11434616B1 (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2022-09-06 | Robert Anderson | Erosion block |
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