CN110973608A - 一种紫甘薯杂粮粉及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种紫甘薯杂粮粉及其制备方法与应用,属于紫甘薯加工技术领域。为了提高谷物杂粮粉的冲调性,制备一种具有预防和辅助治疗结肠炎的保健食品,本发明提供了一种紫甘薯杂粮粉,原料成分为紫甘薯泥14~26份、黑芝麻粉0.5~0.8份、黑米粉0.7~1.5份、燕麦粉0.8~1.5份、麦芽糊精0.5~0.9份、红豆粉0.6~1份和砂糖0.4~0.8份,是将紫甘薯经清洗后煮熟、冷却然后打泥;杂粮经微波熟化后打粉,将杂粮粉与紫甘薯泥混合调配后经滚筒干燥制得。本发明淀粉糊化率高,可以改善口感,冲调和食用方便,还具有预防结肠炎功能,可用于预防结肠炎或辅助治疗结肠炎的保健品的开发。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于紫甘薯加工技术领域,具体涉及一种紫甘薯杂粮粉及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
甘薯含有膳食纤维、糖蛋白、花青素、β-胡萝卜素、去氧表雄酮等功能性成分,具有很好的保健作用。甘薯性味甘平,有养脾、养心神、消疮肿等功效,可以治疗多种疾病。现代医学研究证明,甘薯可以预防心血管系统疾病,并具有止血、消炎、通便、降血糖、防癌等功效。现代科学发现在甘薯中含有丰富的粘液蛋白,它是一种多糖体和蛋白质的混合物(又称糖蛋白),对人体有特殊的保护作用。甘薯纤维细腻,具有阻扰糖类转变为脂肪,促进肠道的蠕动,预防便秘的功效。美国科学家还发现甘薯中含有对脑细胞和内分泌腺素的活力有积极促进作用、能延缓智力衰退、增加人体抵抗力并能预防结肠癌和乳腺癌的脱氢表雄甾酮物质。日本科学家研究发现紫色甘薯汁可修复肝损伤。日本国立预防癌症研究所的研究还证明,甘薯的防癌效果位于40余种防癌蔬菜的首位。
据我国现代营养学的数据表明,多种谷物复配食用,可使不同种类谷物中的限制性氨基酸得到相互补充,混合食物蛋白质中的必需氨基酸含量及比例更接近人体蛋白质的氨基酸模式,从而提高膳食蛋白质的营养价值。因此开发多谷物早餐粉,即能满足人们谷物营养的摄取,又食用方便、快捷,并充分考虑了膳食平衡,非常符合现代中国人的早餐需求。但由于目前我国谷物冲调食品存在冲调性不够好、结块严重等缺陷,倍受广大消费者的质疑,这己成为谷物早餐粉品质提升的一大瓶颈。
结肠炎是指各种原因引起的结肠炎症性病变,它是可以由细菌、真菌、病毒、寄生虫或原虫等生物引起,同时也可由变态反应和一些理化因子引起。近年来,众多研究表明植物多糖可以塑造肠道菌群,促进肠道益生菌的生长和增殖,调节并维护其正常的生理活性,对细菌和病毒有抑制作用。
发明内容
为了提高谷物杂粮粉的冲调性,制备一种具有预防和辅助治疗结肠炎的保健食品,本发明提供了一种紫甘薯杂粮粉,所述紫甘薯杂粮粉由如下重量份的原料制备而成:紫甘薯泥14~26份、黑芝麻粉0.5~0.8份、黑米粉0.7~1.5份、燕麦粉0.8~1.5份、麦芽糊精0.5~0.9份、红豆粉0.6~1份和砂糖0.4~0.8份。
优选地,所述紫甘薯杂粮粉由如下重量份的原料制备而成:紫甘薯泥20份、黑芝麻粉0.65份、黑米粉1.1份、燕麦粉1.15份、麦芽糊精0.7份、红豆粉0.8份和砂糖0.6份。
本发明还提供了上述紫甘薯杂粮粉的制备方法,将紫甘薯泥与黑芝麻粉、黑米粉、燕麦粉、麦芽糊精、红豆粉和砂糖混合后,经滚筒干燥后制成。
进一步地限定,步骤如下:
(1)将原料中的杂粮清洗、晾干,放入微波熟化设备中100-125℃处理5-8min,打粉;
(2)紫甘薯经清洗、蒸熟后进入搅拌机打成泥状;
(3)调配配方:紫甘薯泥、黑芝麻粉、黑米粉、燕麦粉、麦芽糊精、红豆粉和砂糖按照重量份配比加入到搅拌机中混合,经胶体磨均质;
(4)将均质后得到的料液加到滚筒干燥机的料斗中,进行干燥,滚筒表面温度:120-150℃,蒸汽压力:04-0.6MPa,转速400-600转/min;
(5)滚筒干燥后得到的全粉粉碎过20目的筛网,即为紫甘薯杂粮粉。
本发明还提供了上述紫甘薯杂粮粉在制备预防或治疗结肠炎保健食品中的应用。
有益效果
本发明采用滚筒干燥加工技术将物料加水调浆由泵泵入到自动布料器中,通过滚筒干燥机的布料器均匀地布于两相邻小滚与主滚筒所形成的区域内,主滚筒内通高压蒸汽,物料在高温下内部结构和性质发生变化即开始糊化,在小辊与主滚筒的相互作用下物料被碾压成一层薄膜附在主滚筒表面,在滚筒转动的过程中,薄膜中水分逐渐被蒸发。当薄膜转至刮刀处,刮刀将薄膜刮下,产品为片状,再进行相应加工,以取得所需形状的产品。
本发明工艺简单、工艺条件较易控制,占地面积小,糊化与干燥工艺一体,大大改善了谷物食品的加工工艺,缩短了工艺过程,降低产品的生产成本,在最大程度保留谷类物质营养成分的前提下,大大改善了产品的组织状态和口感,提高了产品的质量,产品的溶解性和复水性好。
本发明所用的微波熟化五谷杂粮是将被加热物料本身作为发热体,微波的烘烤作用可以瞬时深入到杂粮物料内部,使物料内外同时受热,不需要热传导的过程,所以温升较快,大大缩短了加热时间,所需时间一般为常规方法的1/4左右。烘烤和其他食品加工一样,是复杂的物理化学体系,需要有序发生并有合适的时间和温度条件。微波加热速度快,物料内部气体(空气)温度急剧上升,由于传质速度慢,受热气体处于高度受压状态,而有膨胀的趋势,达到一定的压强时,物料就会发生膨胀。因此微波熟化五谷杂粮具有一定的膨化效果,口感酥脆,容易磨粉,复水性能好。
综上,本发明取得的有益效果总结如下:
1.本发明将滚筒干燥技术引入紫甘薯杂粮粉加工生产中,提高了紫甘薯杂粮粉的干燥效率、降低了生产成本,可实现连续化生产,产品的溶解性和复水性好。同时该发明以微波熟化设备处理杂粮,速度快,时间短,产量高;低温烘烤,最大限度保留五谷杂粮中的营养成分;熟化同时伴随杀菌、杀虫卵功能,延长提高产品质量;膨化效果明显,复水性好,应用前景广阔。
2.本发明利用成本低、来源丰富的五谷杂粮制备冲调特性较优的谷物早餐粉,有利于实现社会效益和经济效益。采用滚筒干燥技术生产谷物早餐粉,不仅能降低能耗,简化工艺并能减少污染,缩短生产周期。淀粉糊化率高,可以改善口感,冲调和食用方便。是食品生产领域是很有希望发展的产品。
3.本发明制备的紫甘薯杂粮粉还具有预防结肠炎功能,可以促进肠道益生菌的生长和增殖,调节并维护其正常的生理活性,同时可以修复被炎症损伤的细胞,使其恢复正常,可用于预防结肠炎或辅助治疗结肠炎的保健品的开发。
附图说明
图1小鼠结肠变化图,其中1为空白组,2为模型组,3为实验组;
图2小鼠肠道损伤图,其中1为空白组,2为模型组,3为实验组。
具体实施方式
本发明所用的原料、仪器设备均可通过商业化途径购买获得。
紫甘薯的工艺流程如下:紫甘薯经清洗后煮熟、冷却然后打泥;杂粮经微波熟化后打粉,将杂粮粉与紫甘薯泥混合调配后经滚筒干燥制得紫甘薯杂粮粉。
下面具体描述本发明所述的紫甘薯杂粮粉的制备方法。
实施例一:紫甘薯杂粮粉的制备。
本实施例所述的紫甘薯杂粮粉有如下重量份的原料制成,紫甘薯泥14份、黑芝麻粉0.8份、黑米粉1.5份、燕麦粉1.5份、麦芽糊精0.9份、红豆粉1份和砂糖0.8份。制备方法如下:
1)将黑芝麻、黑米、燕麦、红豆清洗、晾干,放入微波熟化设备中125℃处理5min,然后打粉;
2)以紫心甘薯为原料,经清洗、蒸煮、冷却、打泥;
3)在14kg紫甘薯泥中加入黑芝麻粉800g、黑米粉1500g、燕麦粉1500g、麦芽糊精900g、红豆粉1000g、砂糖800g,搅拌均匀,经胶体磨均质;
4)将均质后的料液加到滚筒干燥机的料斗中,调节滚筒干燥条件进行干燥,滚筒表面温度为120℃,蒸汽压力为0.4MPa,转速为400转/min;
5)干燥后的全粉粉碎过20目的筛网,即为紫甘薯杂粮粉成品。
实施例二:紫甘薯杂粮粉的制备。
本实施例所述的紫甘薯杂粮粉有如下重量份的原料制成,紫甘薯泥20份、黑芝麻粉0.65份、黑米粉1.1份、燕麦粉1.15份、麦芽糊精0.7份、红豆粉0.8份和砂糖0.6份。制备方法如下:
1)将黑芝麻、黑米、燕麦、红豆清洗、晾干,放入微波熟化设备中120℃处理8min,然后打粉;
2)以紫心甘薯为原料,经清洗、蒸煮、冷却、打泥;
3)在20kg紫甘薯泥中加入黑芝麻粉650g、黑米粉1100kg、燕麦粉1150kg、麦芽糊精700g、红豆粉800g、砂糖600g,搅拌均匀,经胶体磨均质;
4)将均质后的料液加到滚筒干燥机的料斗中,调节滚筒干燥条件进行干燥,滚筒表面温度为135℃,蒸汽压力为0.5MPa,转速为500转/min;
5)干燥后的全粉粉碎过20目的筛网,即为紫甘薯杂粮粉成品。
实施例三:紫甘薯杂粮粉的制备。
本实施例所述的紫甘薯杂粮粉有如下重量份的原料制成,紫甘薯泥26份、黑芝麻粉0.5份、黑米粉0.7份、燕麦粉0.8份、麦芽糊精0.5份、红豆粉0.6份和砂糖0.4份。制备方法如下:
1)将黑芝麻、黑米、燕麦、红豆清洗、晾干,放入微波熟化设备100℃中处理7min,然后打粉;
2)以紫心甘薯为原料,经清洗、蒸煮、冷却、打泥;
3)在26kg紫甘薯泥中加入黑芝麻粉500g、黑米粉700g、燕麦粉800g、麦芽糊精500g、红豆粉600g、砂糖400g,搅拌均匀,经胶体磨均质;
4)将均质后的料液加到滚筒干燥机的料斗中,调节滚筒干燥条件进行干燥,滚筒表面温度为150℃,蒸汽压力为0.6MPa,转速为600转/min;
5)干燥后的全粉粉碎过20目的筛网,即为紫甘薯杂粮粉成品。
一、感官评价:
对实施例1-3制备的紫甘薯杂粮粉成品进行感官评价,各实施例中紫甘薯杂粮粉冲调性好,不易粘结,口感如下表1所示,紫甘薯泥:杂粮粉(黑芝麻粉、黑米粉、燕麦粉、麦芽糊精、红豆粉和砂糖的总和)为4:1的重量份的实施例2制备的产品口感最好,爽滑和细腻,既有甘薯的营养和风味,又有杂粮的保健功效。
表1紫甘薯杂粮粉评价
样品 | 口感 |
实施例1 | 芝麻味浓郁,口感细腻 |
实施例2 | 红薯味浓郁,略有芝麻香味,口感圆润、爽滑 |
实施例3 | 红薯味浓郁,口感较好 |
*口感评定为10人小组评定结果
二、保健功效评价
本发明以小鼠为实验对象,选用SPF级的雄性ICR小鼠,共30只,体重23±1g,购于扬州大学实验动物中心。温度23±1℃、空气湿度控制在60%,光照和黑暗交替各12h的环境下普通饲料适应性喂养一周。待小鼠适应实验室环境后,随机分为3组,每组10只,建立DSS结肠炎模型。
空白组小鼠给予普通饮用水和饲料;模型组小鼠给予4%葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)连续灌胃7天,其余给予普通饮用水和饲料;实验组小鼠给予4%葡聚糖硫酸(DSS)钠灌胃7天,且每天按400mg/kg体重灌胃紫甘薯全粉,其余给予普通饮用水和饲料。
由图1-图2可以看出,试验组的肠道结肠由缩短变长,而炎症被抑制,损伤细胞被修复。
Claims (5)
1.一种紫甘薯杂粮粉,其特征在于,所述紫甘薯杂粮粉由如下重量份的原料制备而成:紫甘薯泥14~26份、黑芝麻粉0.5~0.8份、黑米粉0.7~1.5份、燕麦粉0.8~1.5份、麦芽糊精0.5~0.9份、红豆粉0.6~1份和砂糖0.4~0.8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的紫甘薯杂粮粉,其特征在于,所述紫甘薯杂粮粉由如下重量份的原料制备而成:紫甘薯泥20份、黑芝麻粉0.65份、黑米粉1.1份、燕麦粉1.15份、麦芽糊精0.7份、红豆粉0.8份和砂糖0.6份。
3.权利要求1或2所述的紫甘薯杂粮粉的制备方法,其特征在于,将紫甘薯泥与黑芝麻粉、黑米粉、燕麦粉、麦芽糊精、红豆粉和砂糖混合后,经滚筒干燥后制成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)将原料中的杂粮清洗、晾干,放入微波熟化设备中100-125℃处理5-8min,打粉;
(2)紫甘薯经清洗、蒸熟后进入搅拌机打成泥状;
(3)调配配方:紫甘薯泥、黑芝麻粉、黑米粉、燕麦粉、麦芽糊精、红豆粉和砂糖按照重量份配比加入到搅拌机中混合,经胶体磨均质;
(4)将均质后得到的料液加到滚筒干燥机的料斗中,进行干燥,滚筒表面温度:120-150℃,蒸汽压力:04-0.6MPa,转速400-600转/min;
(5)滚筒干燥后得到的全粉粉碎过20目的筛网,即为紫甘薯杂粮粉。
5.权利要求1或2所述的紫甘薯杂粮粉在制备预防或治疗结肠炎保健食品中的应用。
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