CN110915850A - 一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法。该技术方案以水产品加工过程中产生的鱼头、鱼骨为原料,经蒸煮后分离鱼汤和鱼骨,其中鱼骨直接烘干粉碎得到鱼骨粉,鱼汤利用蛋白酶酶解得到酶解液,在此基础上,将鱼汤酶解液与鱼骨粉混合并加入糖类物质,在特定pH及温度条件下反应,反应后分离出鱼骨粉及反应液,即分别得到去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂。此法得到的鱼骨粉呈金黄色或黄褐色,无腥味,有浓郁的鱼香味;反应液颜色呈褐色、黄褐色、棕黄色或棕褐色,有鱼香味和焙烤香味,其具有良好的抗氧化性,DPPH自由基清除率达90%以上。本发明以鱼头、鱼骨为原料制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂,有利于提高水产品加工的附加值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品工艺技术领域,具体涉及一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法。
背景技术
鱼类是人类重要的食物来源,含有丰富的完全蛋白质,脂肪含量较低且多为不饱和脂肪酸,同时有着较高的无机盐及维生素含量。除了作为食物直接食用之外,还可作为原料提取功效成分用于食品、药品或保健品;常见的药用鱼类有鲤鱼、鲫鱼、鲟鱼、大黄鱼等。从各种鱼类中可提取水解蛋白、细胞色素C、卵磷脂、脑磷脂等。目前,水产加工技术呈现出规模化、集约化的发展趋势,对鱼类原料的取用和加工更加精细、深化。
然而目前,无论直接食用还是提取加工,所利用的成分一般仅限于鱼的肉质和软组织,而对于鱼骨、内脏等成分往往作为废弃物丢弃;虽然也存在部分针对鱼骨及内脏的综合利用技术,但普遍较为粗放,产品多为饲料及其添加剂成分,难以获得高附加值的产品。鱼骨中含有丰富的钙质,而淡水鱼内脏中则富含脂肪和蛋白质,如果能以其为原料制备高附加值的产品,则有望提高淡水鱼加工的经济效益。
发明内容
本发明旨在针对现有技术的技术缺陷,提供一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,以解决现有技术中,鱼类骨骼由于腥味重而难以得到有效利用的技术问题。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题是,常规工艺无法在制备鱼骨粉的同时获得抗氧化剂。
为实现以上技术目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取鱼头和鱼骨洗净后作为原料,向所述原料中加入其质量1~8倍的水,蒸煮10~60min,分离鱼汤和鱼骨;
2)向所述鱼汤中加入酶活为10~100u/mg的蛋白酶,在20~60℃下保温水解1~9h,而后加热灭酶5~20min,过滤或离心5~30min,取清液及鱼汤酶解液待用;
3)将步骤1)分离到的鱼骨以50~100℃的温度烘干,而后粉碎得到鱼骨粉;
4)向所述鱼汤酶解液中加入其质量1%~8%的糖类,再加入步骤3)所得的鱼骨粉,在pH3~10、90~150℃的条件下反应1~10h,而后分离鱼骨粉及反应液,将该鱼骨粉烘干后即为所述去腥鱼骨粉,所得的反应液即为所述抗氧化剂。
作为优选,步骤1)中所述的鱼头和鱼骨,是新鲜的鱼头和鱼骨或冷冻的鱼头和鱼骨。
作为优选,步骤1)中所述的蒸煮,是常压蒸煮或加压蒸煮。
作为优选,步骤2)中所述的蛋白酶包括风味蛋白酶,中性蛋白酶,碱性蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶或胰蛋白酶。
作为优选,步骤4)中所述的糖类为木糖,葡萄糖,果糖或蔗糖。
作为优选,步骤1)中,向所述原料中加入其质量4.5倍的水,蒸煮35min。
作为优选,步骤2)中,向所述鱼汤中加入酶活为55u/mg的蛋白酶,在40℃下保温水解5h,而后加热灭酶13min,过滤或离心18min。
作为优选,步骤3)中,将步骤1)分离到的鱼骨以65℃的温度烘干。
作为优选,步骤4)中,向所述鱼汤酶解液中加入其质量4.5%的糖类,再加入步骤3)所得的鱼骨粉,在pH6.5、120℃的条件下反应5.5h。
作为优选,步骤4)中,将该鱼骨粉烘干后进行研细,即为所述去腥鱼骨粉。
本发明提供了一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法。该技术方案以水产品加工过程中产生的鱼头、鱼骨为原料,经蒸煮后分离鱼汤和鱼骨,其中鱼骨直接烘干粉碎得到鱼骨粉,鱼汤则利用蛋白酶酶解得到酶解液,在此基础上,将鱼汤酶解液与鱼骨粉混合并加入糖类物质,在特定pH及温度条件下反应,反应后分离出鱼骨粉及反应液,即分别得到去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂。此法得到的鱼骨粉呈金黄色或黄褐色,无腥味,有浓郁的鱼香味;反应液颜色呈褐色、黄褐色、棕黄色或棕褐色,有鱼香味和焙烤香味,其具有良好的抗氧化性,DPPH自由基清除率达90%以上。
本发明以水产品加工副产物鱼头鱼骨为原料制备无鱼腥味且具有鱼香味的鱼骨粉和具有良好抗氧化性的抗氧化剂,鱼骨粉可用于制作高钙饼干及其他产品,得到的液态抗氧化剂可直接或干燥(冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥等)后用于食品、化妆品和保健品中,真正实现了水产加工副产物鱼头鱼骨的高效全利用,有利于提高水产品加工的附加值。
具体实施方式
以下将对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述。为了避免过多不必要的细节,在以下实施例中对属于公知的结构或功能将不进行详细描述。以下实施例中所使用的近似性语言可用于定量表述,表明在不改变基本功能的情况下可允许数量有一定的变动。除有定义外,以下实施例中所用的技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员普遍理解的相同含义。
实施例1
一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取鱼头和鱼骨洗净后作为原料,向所述原料中加入其质量1倍的水,蒸煮10min,分离鱼汤和鱼骨;
2)向所述鱼汤中加入酶活为10u/mg的蛋白酶,在20℃下保温水解1h,而后加热灭酶5min,过滤或离心5min,取清液及鱼汤酶解液待用;
3)将步骤1)分离到的鱼骨以50℃的温度烘干,而后粉碎得到鱼骨粉;
4)向所述鱼汤酶解液中加入其质量1%的糖类,再加入步骤3)所得的鱼骨粉,在pH3、90℃的条件下反应1h,而后分离鱼骨粉及反应液,将该鱼骨粉烘干后即为所述去腥鱼骨粉,所得的反应液即为所述抗氧化剂。
其中,步骤1)中所述的鱼头和鱼骨,是新鲜的鱼头和鱼骨或冷冻的鱼头和鱼骨。步骤1)中所述的蒸煮,是常压蒸煮或加压蒸煮。步骤2)中所述的蛋白酶包括风味蛋白酶,中性蛋白酶,碱性蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶,胰蛋白酶。步骤4)中所述的糖类为木糖。
实施例2
一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取鱼头和鱼骨洗净后作为原料,向所述原料中加入其质量8倍的水,蒸煮60min,分离鱼汤和鱼骨;
2)向所述鱼汤中加入酶活为100u/mg的蛋白酶,在60℃下保温水解9h,而后加热灭酶20min,过滤或离心30min,取清液及鱼汤酶解液待用;
3)将步骤1)分离到的鱼骨以100℃的温度烘干,而后粉碎得到鱼骨粉;
4)向所述鱼汤酶解液中加入其质量8%的糖类,再加入步骤3)所得的鱼骨粉,在pH10、150℃的条件下反应10h,而后分离鱼骨粉及反应液,将该鱼骨粉烘干后即为所述去腥鱼骨粉,所得的反应液即为所述抗氧化剂。
其中,步骤2)中所述的蛋白酶包括碱性蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶,胰蛋白酶。步骤4)中所述的糖类为果糖。
实施例3
一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取鱼头和鱼骨洗净后作为原料,向所述原料中加入其质量4.5倍的水,蒸煮35min,分离鱼汤和鱼骨;
2)向所述鱼汤中加入酶活为55u/mg的蛋白酶,在40℃下保温水解5h,而后加热灭酶13min,过滤或离心18min,取清液及鱼汤酶解液待用;
3)将步骤1)分离到的鱼骨以65℃的温度烘干,而后粉碎得到鱼骨粉;
4)向所述鱼汤酶解液中加入其质量4.5%的糖类,再加入步骤3)所得的鱼骨粉,在pH6.5、120℃的条件下反应5.5h,而后分离鱼骨粉及反应液,将该鱼骨粉烘干、研细后即为所述去腥鱼骨粉,所得的反应液即为所述抗氧化剂。
实施例4
一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取鱼头和鱼骨洗净后作为原料,向所述原料中加入其质量1~8倍的水,蒸煮10~60min,分离鱼汤和鱼骨;
2)向所述鱼汤中加入酶活为10~100u/mg的蛋白酶,在20~60℃下保温水解1~9h,而后加热灭酶5~20min,过滤或离心5~30min,取清液即为鱼汤酶解液,待用;
3)将步骤1)分离到的鱼骨以50~100℃的温度烘干,而后粉碎得到鱼骨粉;
4)向所述鱼汤酶解液中加入其质量1%~8%的糖类,再加入步骤3)所得的鱼骨粉,在pH3~10、90~150℃的条件下反应1~10h,而后分离鱼骨粉及反应液,将该鱼骨粉烘干后即为所述去腥鱼骨粉,所得的反应液即为所述抗氧化剂。
实施例5
新鲜或冷冻的鱼头、鱼骨自来水清洗后以1:1-1:8的比例(质量比)加水进行高压蒸煮或常压蒸煮10-60min,分离鱼汤和鱼骨。鱼汤加酶活10-100u/mg蛋白酶(风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶等)在20-60℃下保温水解1-9h,再将其加热灭酶5-20min,过滤或离心5-30min,取清液及鱼汤酶解液待用。分离出的鱼骨50-100℃烘干,粉碎得到鱼骨粉。上述鱼汤酶解液中按1-8%的比例加入糖类(木糖、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖等),再加入鱼骨粉,在pH3-10,温度90-150℃下反应1-10h,分离鱼骨粉和反应液,鱼骨粉烘干、研细即可,此法得到的鱼骨粉呈金黄色或黄褐色,无腥味,有浓郁的鱼香味。反应液颜色呈褐色、黄褐色、棕黄色或棕褐色,有鱼香味和焙烤香味,其具有良好的抗氧化性,DPPH自由基清除率达90%以上。
以上对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明。凡在本发明的申请范围内所做的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)取鱼头和鱼骨洗净后作为原料,向所述原料中加入其质量1~8倍的水,蒸煮10~60min,分离鱼汤和鱼骨;
2)向所述鱼汤中加入酶活为10~100u/mg的蛋白酶,在20~60℃下保温水解1~9h,而后加热灭酶5~20min,过滤或离心5~30min,取清液及鱼汤酶解液待用;
3)将步骤1)分离到的鱼骨以50~100℃的温度烘干,而后粉碎得到鱼骨粉;
4)向所述鱼汤酶解液中加入其质量1%~8%的糖类,再加入步骤3)所得的鱼骨粉,在pH3~10、90~150℃的条件下反应1~10h,而后分离鱼骨粉及反应液,将该鱼骨粉烘干后即为所述去腥鱼骨粉,所得的反应液即为所述抗氧化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,其特征在于步骤1)中所述的鱼头和鱼骨,是新鲜的鱼头和鱼骨或冷冻的鱼头和鱼骨。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,其特征在于步骤1)中所述的蒸煮,是常压蒸煮或加压蒸煮。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,其特征在于步骤2)中所述的蛋白酶包括风味蛋白酶,中性蛋白酶,碱性蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶或胰蛋白酶。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,其特征在于步骤4)中所述的糖类为木糖,葡萄糖,果糖或蔗糖。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,其特征在于步骤1)中,向所述原料中加入其质量4.5倍的水,蒸煮35min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,其特征在于步骤2)中,向所述鱼汤中加入酶活为55u/mg的蛋白酶,在40℃下保温水解5h,而后加热灭酶13min,过滤或离心18min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,其特征在于步骤3)中,将步骤1)分离到的鱼骨以65℃的温度烘干。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,其特征在于步骤4)中,向所述鱼汤酶解液中加入其质量4.5%的糖类,再加入步骤3)所得的鱼骨粉,在pH6.5、120℃的条件下反应5.5h。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用鱼骨同时制备去腥鱼骨粉和抗氧化剂的方法,其特征在于步骤4)中,将该鱼骨粉烘干后进行研细,即为所述去腥鱼骨粉。
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