CN110881652A - 一种富含阿魏酸和叶酸的青稞嫩苗全粉生产技术 - Google Patents
一种富含阿魏酸和叶酸的青稞嫩苗全粉生产技术 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种富含阿魏酸和叶酸的青稞嫩苗全粉生产技术,属于食品加工技术领域,其特征在于青稞籽粒用NaCl和γ‑氨基丁酸(GABA)混合水溶液喷淋发芽,使青稞嫩苗富集阿魏酸和叶酸;以此嫩苗为原料,经真空冷冻干燥、低温超微粉碎后,添加麦芽糊精、羧甲基纤维素钠,经灭菌和包装,制得。本发明产品适宜工业化生产,产品中阿魏酸和叶酸含量分别达到100~250mg/100g和10~50mg/100g,是一种食用安全的保健食品。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种富含阿魏酸和叶酸的青稞嫩苗全粉生产技术,属于食品加工技术领域。
二、背景技术
阿魏酸是普遍存在于植物中的一种功能性酚酸类物质,是青稞等谷物中含量最多的酚酸。阿魏酸含有不饱和双键和羟基,具有很强的抗氧化和抗炎活性,能有效清除自由基,促进清除自由基的酶的产生,调节人体生理机能;另一方面,它能有效提高血流量、抑制血小板聚集、降低血脂水平、抑制血栓形成,治疗心血管疾病。阿魏酸大多与多糖和木质素交联,构成植物细胞壁的一部分,在植物籽粒发芽过程中,阿魏酸含量大幅提升,部分结合态转化为游离态,有利于人体吸收利用。
叶酸是一种水溶性B族维生素,对细胞的分裂生长及核酸、氨基酸、蛋白质的合成起着重要的作用,是机体细胞生长和繁殖必需的物质。叶酸还能预防胎儿神经管发育不全,降低心血管疾病和老年痴呆症的发病概率。谷物是人们日常摄取叶酸的主要途径之一,但由于天然叶酸极不稳定,且利用度低,因而从普通谷物中补充叶酸难以满足人体需求。谷物发芽后,其内源酶被激活,叶酸合成急剧增加。
青稞嫩苗富含多种氨基酸、矿物质、纤维素、叶绿素、胡萝卜素、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等数十种活性酶,具有降人体“三高”、抗氧化、防癌症,增强机体免疫力等多种生理功效。
目前,国内外已研制开发出多种青稞粉产品,但这些产品存在如下问题:一是加工原料以麦苗汁为主,麦苗渣部分或者全部丢弃,损失了大部分可溶性膳食纤维、叶绿素等保健成分。例如,专利(公开号CN 101919512B,公开日2012年8月22日)公开了“一种青稞麦绿素的生产工艺”,专利(公开号CN 103300293B,公开日2014年07月16日)公开了“一种麦苗的加工方法及其制备的速溶麦苗粉和麦苗纤维粉”,专利(公开号CN 107668698A,公开日2018年02月09日)公开了“一种青稞麦绿素的制备方法”,得到的都是不含或者含有部分膳食纤维的麦苗粉,无法保留麦苗的全部营养素,浪费资源,且工艺复杂。二是加工工艺不尽合理,存在着营养流失严重、褪色或褐变等问题。例如,专利(公开号CN 1156002A,公开日1997年08月06日)公开了“大麦绿粉的制备方法”,专利(公开号CN 102613492A,公开日2012年08月01日)公开了“一种大麦苗超微粉制作工艺”,其加工过程均涉及高温处理,导致麦苗中的维生素C、叶绿素以及活性酶等物质被严重破坏,产品功效严重下降。三是产品功能成分上多维持原料现状,或通过外源添加物质以达到强化保健功能的目的,并未对麦苗生产过程进行调控。专利(公开号CN 103783377B,公开日2016年03月02日)公开了“一种青稞保健粉及其制备方法”,添加了大量辅料,未利用植物自身生长发育的特点富集功能成分,富含阿魏酸和叶酸的青稞苗全粉更是未见报道。
本发明中青稞籽粒经NaCl和γ-氨基丁酸混合水溶液喷淋发芽,激活相关内源酶,以此富集阿魏酸和叶酸,提升青稞嫩苗全粉的保健功能。
三、发明内容
技术问题
本发明旨在提供一种富含阿魏酸和叶酸的青稞嫩苗全粉生产技术,产品中富含膳食纤维、维生素、阿魏酸和叶酸等有益成分,解决以往麦苗粉加工过程中营养素流失、功能性成分含量少等问题。
技术方案
本发明技术如下:青稞籽粒在一定温度下,经NaCl和γ-氨基丁酸混合水溶液喷淋发芽,使青稞嫩苗富集阿魏酸和叶酸;以此嫩苗为原料,经真空冷冻干燥、低温超微粉碎后,添加麦芽糊精、羧甲基纤维素钠,经灭菌和包装,制得产品,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)喷淋发芽
A、原料挑选:挑选颗粒饱满、无病虫害、发芽率在95%以上的普通青稞、或有色青稞为原料;
B、消毒、浸泡:在清水中通入臭氧,使消毒液的臭氧浓度达到0.2~2.0mg/L,青稞籽粒在消毒液中淘洗3~6min,用清水冲洗至pH中性,然后在15~30℃的清水中浸泡4~6h,使青稞籽粒充分吸水;
C、喷淋发芽:将充分吸水的青稞籽粒置于发芽机中,在15~30℃下,以清水喷淋发芽1~2d,条件为光照8h/黑暗16h交替;然后以50~100mmol/L NaCl和0.5~5.0mmol/Lγ-氨基丁酸混合水溶液喷淋,在光照条件下发芽1~3d;
(2)苗粉制备:选择苗长为5~10cm的青稞嫩苗,去除须根后洗净,用甩水机去除嫩苗表面的明水,于-80~-196℃下速冻0.5~4h,随后将其放入冷冻干燥机托物盘中,设置温度为-60~-90℃,5~15min后抽真空,真空度为0.8~5.0Pa,冷冻干燥12~24h,用粗粉碎机将干燥的嫩苗粉碎至2~3mm,然后在低温下超细微粉碎,得到400~600目的青稞苗全粉;
(3)混合调配:将青稞嫩苗全粉、麦芽糊精和羧甲基纤维素钠置于混料机中充分搅拌,混合均匀,各物料的质量百分比为青稞嫩苗全粉99.5%~99.9%、麦芽糊精0.05%~0.25%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.05%~0.25%;
(4)灭菌、包装:复配的物料采用微波灭菌,输出功率为50~100KW,时间为5~10min,随即用真空铝箔包装,制得,产品中阿魏酸和叶酸含量分别达到100~250mg/100g和10~50mg/100g。
有益效果
与现有工艺相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明采用独特的生物转化技术,制得的青稞嫩苗全粉富含阿魏酸和叶酸等保健成分,有助于人体抗氧化,提高免疫力;可溶性膳食纤维含量高,有利于调节调节肠道功能。
(2)本发明采用真空冷冻干燥以及低温超微粉碎技术,最大程度地保留了原料中的维生素、叶绿素等活性成分,同时产品粉质细腻,食用品质显著改善。
(3)本发明产品生产不受季节、气候以及地域限制,农产资源利用率高。
四、具体实施方式
实施例1
挑选颗粒饱满、无病虫害的青稞籽粒,在清水中通入0.5mg/L臭氧对青稞籽粒进行消毒处理6min,洗净后置于15℃清水中浸泡6h,随后转至发芽机中,在28℃下以清水喷淋发芽1d,接着在22℃下以50mmol/L NaCl和1.0mmol/Lγ-氨基丁酸混合水溶液喷淋发芽2d,条件为光照8h/黑暗16h交替;选择苗长为6cm的青稞嫩苗,去除须根后洗净,用甩水机去除嫩苗表面的明水后于-80~-196℃下速冻0.5~4h,随后将其放入冷冻干燥机中,设置温度为-60~-90℃,5~15min后抽真空,真空度为0.8~5.0Pa,冻干时间为12~24h,取出后用粗粉碎机将干燥的嫩苗粉碎至直径2~3mm的颗粒,然后在低温下超细微粉碎,得到400~600目的青稞苗全粉;按照青稞苗全粉99.75%、麦芽糊精0.15%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.10%的质量比进行混合调配,置于混料机中搅拌均匀;复配物料于微波功率50~100KW下灭菌5~10min,随即用真空铝箔包装。制得的产品中阿魏酸和叶酸含量分别达到120mg/100g和30mg/100g。
实施例2
青稞籽粒挑选方法同实施例1,在清水中通入1.0mg/L臭氧对青稞籽粒进行消毒处理5min,洗净后置于25℃清水中浸泡6h,随后转至发芽机中,在25℃下以清水喷淋发芽2d,接着在20℃下以60mmol/L NaCl和2.0mmol/Lγ-氨基丁酸混合水溶液喷淋发芽2d,条件为光照8h/黑暗16h交替;选择高度为8cm的青稞嫩苗,青稞苗全粉制作方法同实施例1;按照青稞苗全粉99.8%、麦芽糊精0.10%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.10%的质量比进行混合调配;灭菌、包装方式同实施例1。制得的产品中阿魏酸和叶酸含量分别达到180mg/100g和35mg/100g。
实施例3
青稞籽粒挑选方法同实施例1,在清水中通入1.5mg/L臭氧对青稞籽粒进行消毒处理4min,洗净后置于30℃清水中浸泡4h,随后转至发芽机中,在26℃下以清水喷淋发芽2d,接着在18℃下以80mmol/L NaCl和5.0mmol/Lγ-氨基丁酸混合水溶液喷淋发芽3d,条件为光照8h/黑暗16h交替;选择高度为10cm的青稞嫩苗,青稞苗全粉制作方法同实施例1;混合调配、灭菌、包装方式同实施例1。制得的产品中阿魏酸和叶酸含量分别达到220mg/100g和42mg/100g。
以上详细说明了本发明的实施方式,但这只是为了便于理解而举的实例,不应被视为是对本发明范围的限制。同样,任何所属技术领域的技术人员均可根据本发明的技术方案及其较佳实施例的描述,做出各种可能的等同改变或替换,但所有这些改变或替换都应属于本发明的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种富含阿魏酸和叶酸的青稞嫩苗全粉生产技术,其特征在于,青稞籽粒用NaCl和γ-氨基丁酸混合水溶液喷淋发芽,得到富含阿魏酸和叶酸的青稞嫩苗,经真空冷冻干燥、低温超微粉碎后,添加麦芽糊精、羧甲基纤维素钠,经灭菌和包装,制得,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)喷淋发芽
A、原料挑选:挑选籽粒饱满、无病虫害、发芽率在95%以上的青稞为原料;
B、消毒、浸泡:在清水中通入臭氧,使消毒液的臭氧浓度达到0.2~2.0mg/L,青稞籽粒在消毒液中淘洗3~6min,用清水洗至pH中性,然后在15~30℃的清水中浸泡4~6h,使青稞充分吸水;
C、喷淋发芽:将充分吸水的青稞籽粒置于发芽机中,以清水喷淋发芽1~2d,条件为:发芽温度15~30℃,每天光照8h、黑暗16h,光照/黑暗交替进行;然后以50~100mmol/L NaCl和0.5~5.0mmol/Lγ-氨基丁酸混合水溶液喷淋,在光照条件下生长1~3d;
(2)苗粉制备:选择苗长为5~10cm的青稞嫩苗,去除须根后洗净,用甩水机去除嫩苗表面的明水,于-80~-196℃下速冻0.5~4h,随后置于冷冻干燥机托物盘中,设置温度为-60~-90℃,冷冻5~15min后抽真空,真空度为0.8~5.0Pa,冷冻干燥12~24h;用粗粉碎机将干燥的嫩苗粉碎至直径2~3mm的颗粒,然后在低温下超细微粉碎,得到400~600目的青稞苗全粉;
(3)混合调配:将青稞嫩苗全粉、麦芽糊精和羧甲基纤维素钠置于混料机中充分搅拌,混合均匀,各物料的质量百分比为青稞嫩苗全粉99.5%~99.9%、麦芽糊精0.05%~0.25%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.05%~0.25%;
(4)灭菌、包装:复配的物料采用微波灭菌,输出功率为50~100KW,时间为5~10min,随即用真空铝箔包装,制得。
2.如权利要求1所述,一种富含阿魏酸和叶酸的青稞嫩苗全粉生产技术,其特征在于,原料为普通青稞、有色青稞,产品中阿魏酸和叶酸含量分别达到100~250mg/100g和10~50mg/100g。
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