CN114831258A - 一种富含花色苷的青稞嫩苗粉及其制作方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种富含花色苷的青稞嫩苗粉及其制作方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
发明公开了一种富含花色苷青稞嫩苗粉及其制作方法,属于食品加工技术领域。本发明以青稞籽粒经多种非生物胁迫联合褪黑素处理得到富含花色苷的青稞芽苗为原料,后于95~112℃脱水15~25h,经打粉、过筛,制得花色苷含量为600~900mg/100gDW的嫩苗粉原粉,原粉与蔗糖、柠檬酸、苹果粉、香蕉粉、橘子粉复配、杀菌、包装制得,得到富含花色苷的嫩苗粉。本发明生产的青稞嫩苗粉富含花色苷,同时富含褪黑素、异黄酮等有益成分,是一种理想的日常保健食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种富含花色苷青稞嫩苗粉及其制作方法。
背景技术
青稞(Hordeum vulgare L.var.nudum Hook.f.),属一年生、越年生或多年生禾本科植物,具有生育期短、早熟、耐贫瘠等优点。根据成熟时青稞是否具有特殊颜色,又可将青稞分为普通青稞和有色青稞(黑色、蓝色、紫色等),有色青稞含有更多的花色素和酚类物质,具有更强的抗氧化活性。青稞高蛋白、高膳食纤维、低脂肪的营养组成十分符合现代人的饮食结构需求,同时青稞中较高含量的β-葡聚糖也赋予了青稞降血糖、降血脂等多种生理功能,因此青稞具有极高的科研价值和良好的产业化开发前景。花色苷属于水溶性的天然色素,是一种多酚类化合物,具有抗氧化、抗突变、抗肿瘤、预防心血管疾病、抗炎症和保护视力等功效仅对植物生长发育有重要作用,对心脑血管疾病、阿兹海默症、癌症、糖尿病、肥胖等疾病均有一定的预防和治疗效果,富含花色苷的麦芽是一种新资源食品。
因此,青稞芽苗,其营养价值远高于原料,一些原有的物质,如酚酸等功能成分在萌发过程中显著增加,对于提高青稞的食用途径及商业价值有重要意义。然而对于麦科植物在非生物胁迫和低氧条件下花色苷含量的研究还较为少见。研究谷物中的花色苷的富集技术,对于深入挖掘其营养价值、开发功能性产品具有重要意义,不仅可以获取较青稞原料更高的附加值,而且符合未来人类对食品营养价值和保健效能的需求。
专利(公开号CN113881527A,公开日2022年01月04日)公开了“一种富硒青稞保健酒及其制备方法”,专利(公开号CN113907267A,公开日2022年01月11日)公开了“一种青稞植物奶粉的制备方法”均指出了目前对青稞开发利用的方向,对青稞含有的功能性成分的开发逐渐在增加。但是对酚酸类功能成分的还没有开发,国内外对花色苷的研究也仅停留在实验室阶段,缺少实用的高效富集技术。
本发明在青稞种子发芽生长过程中,进行胁迫处理,同时喷洒褪黑素溶液以促进芽苗的生长,从而实现花色苷的高效富集,使其价值进一步提高,而且符合未来人类对食品营养价值和保健效能的需求。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种富含花色苷青稞嫩苗粉制作方法及其产品,经低氧长时间连续浸麦后,再经非生物胁迫联合褪黑素处理得到富含花色苷的青稞芽苗,获得的青稞芽苗用于制作嫩苗粉,由此可改善青稞的食用品质和营养价值,产品中富含花色苷、褪黑素、异黄酮等有益成分。
技术方案:为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:
青稞籽粒经低氧长时间连续浸麦后,再经多种非生物胁迫联合褪黑素处理得到富含花色苷的青稞芽,然后经脱水、打粉、过筛、复配、杀菌、真空包装,得到富含花色苷的嫩苗粉,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)原料处理:
A、消毒浸泡:挑选颗粒饱满,无病虫害的青稞籽粒,经去离子水冲洗后,置于1.5%(v/v)次氯酸钠中浸泡消毒25min,然后用去离子水冲洗至pH中性;
B、低氧浸泡:将消毒后的青稞籽粒按料液比0.25~0.45g/mL置于水中,在12~16℃浸泡24~32h,浸泡期间持续通入空气,通气量为2.5~4.5L/min;
C、喷淋发芽:将浸泡后的青稞籽粒置于发芽机中,在12~16℃下发芽3d,发芽期间每隔8h进行1.5~2.0h紫外(UV-b)照射和喷洒一次培养液,第1天的培养液为50~80mmol/L的脱落酸溶液,第2天和第3天的培养液由脱落酸和褪黑素组成的水溶液,其中脱落酸的浓度为50~80mmol/L,褪黑素的浓度为0.2~0.5mmol/L,喷淋量与青稞籽粒质量比为2.3~3.8mL/g,制得富含花色苷的青稞芽苗;
(2)嫩苗粉制备:发芽青稞洗净,于95~112℃下脱水15~25h,打粉,使用100~140目网过筛,获得富含花色苷的青稞嫩苗原粉;青稞苗原粉与蔗糖、柠檬酸、橘子粉复配,各成分的质量百分比如下:青稞嫩苗原粉40%~55%、蔗糖3%~7%、柠檬酸0.10%~0.25%、橘子粉30%~40%;灭菌、包装:按公知的方法用紫外光灭菌,真空包装。
有益效果:
与现有技术相比,本发明的一种富含花色苷的青稞嫩苗粉制作方法及其产品具有以下优点:
(1)原料适用范围广、操作简单、生产成本低;
(2)本发明在浸麦期间通过低氧浸麦,发芽期间多种非生物胁迫联合褪黑素处理,实现青稞芽中花色苷高效富集;
(3)提高青稞芽苗加工利用水平,提升了青稞芽苗营养和食用品质。
附图说明
图1为不同处理下青稞嫩苗原粉中花色苷含量图;
图1中CK表示在本发明实施例4方法基础上,去掉紫外(UV-b)照射、与褪黑素处理,仅用纯水处理,作为对照;S表示在本发明实施例4方法上,去掉混合水溶液中褪黑素,仅用紫外(UV-b)照射与脱落酸处理;M表示在本发明实施例4方法上,去掉紫外(UV-b)照射与脱落酸处理,仅用褪黑素处理;SAM表示按照本发明实施例4方法处理。图中字母表示显著检验结果,不同小写字母表示相同发芽时间下不同处理间差异表达显著水平(p<0.05)。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
挑选颗粒饱满,无病虫害的青稞籽粒,经去离子水冲洗后,置于1.5%(v/v)次氯酸钠中浸泡消毒25min,然后用去离子水冲洗至pH中性,将消毒后的青稞籽粒按料液比0.25g/mL置于水中,在12℃浸泡24h,浸泡期间持续通入空气,通气量为2.5L/min,将浸泡后的青稞种子置于发芽机中,在12℃下发芽3d,对照组(CK)喷洒纯水,喷淋量与青稞籽粒质量比为2.3mL/g,3d后收获,洗净,于95℃下烘干15h,通过100目筛,制得青稞嫩苗原粉中花色苷含量为190mg/100g DW;实施组(SM)发芽期间每隔8h进行1.5h紫外(UV-b)照射和喷洒一次培养液,第1天的培养液为50mmol/L的脱落酸溶液,第2天和第3天的培养液由脱落酸和褪黑素组成的水溶液,其中脱落酸的浓度为50mmol/L,褪黑素的浓度为0.2mmol/L,喷淋量与青稞籽粒质量比为2.3mL/g,3d后收获,洗净,于95℃下烘干15h,通过100目筛,制得青稞嫩苗原粉中花色苷含量为600mg/100g DW,青稞苗原粉与蔗糖、柠檬酸、橘子粉复配,各成分的质量百分比如下:青稞嫩苗原粉40%、蔗糖3%、柠檬酸0.10%、橘子粉30%;灭菌、包装:按公知的方法用紫外光灭菌,真空包装获得青稞嫩苗粉。嫩苗粉中花色苷的含量为240mg/100g嫩苗粉。
实施例2:
挑选颗粒饱满,无病虫害的青稞籽粒,经去离子水冲洗后,置于1.5%(v/v)次氯酸钠中浸泡消毒25min,然后用去离子水冲洗至pH中性,将消毒后的青稞籽粒按料液比0.30g/mL置于水中,在14℃浸泡28h,浸泡期间持续通入空气,通气量为3.0L/min,将浸泡后的青稞种子置于发芽机中,在14℃下发芽3d,对照组(CK)仅喷洒纯水,喷淋量与青稞籽粒质量比为2.5mL/g,3d后收获,洗净,于97℃下烘干18h,通过110目筛,制得青稞嫩苗原粉中花色苷含量为200mg/100g DW;实施组(SM)发芽期间每隔8h进行1.6h紫外(UV-b)照射和喷洒一次培养液,第1天的培养液为60mmol/L的脱落酸溶液,第2天和第3天的培养液由脱落酸和褪黑素组成的水溶液,其中脱落酸的浓度为60mmol/L,褪黑素的浓度为0.3mmol/L,喷淋量与青稞籽粒质量比为2.5mL/g,3d后收获,洗净,于97℃下烘干18h,通过110目筛,制得青稞嫩苗原粉中花色苷含量为700mg/100g DW,青稞苗原粉与蔗糖、柠檬酸、橘子粉复配,各成分的质量百分比如下:青稞嫩苗原粉45%、蔗糖4%、柠檬酸0.15%、橘子粉33%;灭菌、包装:按公知的方法用紫外光灭菌,真空包装获得青稞嫩苗粉。嫩苗粉中花色苷的含量为315mg/100g嫩苗粉。
实施例3:
挑选颗粒饱满,无病虫害的青稞籽粒,经去离子水冲洗后,置于0.5%(v/v)次氯酸钠中浸泡消毒15min,然后用去离子水冲洗至pH中性,将消毒后的青稞籽粒按料液比0.40g/mL置于水中,在15℃浸泡30h,浸泡期间持续通入空气,通气量为4.0L/min,将浸泡后的青稞种子置于发芽机中,在15℃下发芽3d,对照组(CK)仅喷洒纯水,喷淋量与青稞籽粒质量比为3.2mL/g,3d后收获,洗净,于110℃下烘干20h,通过120目筛,制得青稞嫩苗原粉中花色苷含量为220mg/100g DW;实施组(SM)发芽期间每隔8h进行1.8h紫外(UV-b)照射和喷洒一次培养液,第1天的培养液为70mmol/L的脱落酸溶液,第2天和第3天的培养液由脱落酸和褪黑素组成的水溶液,其中脱落酸的浓度为70mmol/L,褪黑素的浓度为0.4mmol/L,喷淋量与青稞籽粒质量比为3.2mL/g,3d后收获,洗净,于110℃下烘干20h,通过120目筛,制得青稞嫩苗原粉中花色苷含量为800mg/100g DW,青稞苗原粉与蔗糖、柠檬酸、橘子粉复配,各成分的质量百分比如下:青稞嫩苗原粉50%、蔗糖5%、柠檬酸0.20%、橘子粉36%;灭菌、包装:按公知的方法用紫外光灭菌,真空包装获得青稞嫩苗粉。嫩苗粉中花色苷的含量为400mg/100g嫩苗粉。
实施例4:
挑选颗粒饱满,无病虫害的青稞籽粒,经去离子水冲洗后,置于1.5%(v/v)次氯酸钠中浸泡消毒25min,然后用去离子水冲洗至pH中性,将消毒后的青稞籽粒按料液比0.45g/mL置于水中,在16℃浸泡32h,浸泡期间持续通入空气,通气量为4.5L/min,将浸泡后的青稞种子置于发芽机中,在16℃下发芽3d,对照组(CK)仅喷洒纯水,喷淋量与青稞籽粒质量比为3.8mL/g,3d后收获,洗净,于112℃下烘干20h,通过120目筛,制得青稞嫩苗原粉中花色苷含量为243mg/100g DW;实施组(SM)发芽期间每隔8h进行2.0h紫外(UV-b)照射和喷洒一次培养液,第1天的培养液为80mmol/L的脱落酸溶液,第2天和第3天的培养液由脱落酸和褪黑素组成的水溶液,其中脱落酸的浓度为80mmol/L,褪黑素的浓度为0.5mmol/L,喷淋量与青稞籽粒质量比为3.8mL/g,3d后收获,洗净,于112℃下烘干20h,通过120目筛,制得青稞嫩苗原粉中花色苷含量为900mg/100g DW,青稞苗原粉与蔗糖、柠檬酸、橘子粉复配,各成分的质量百分比如下:青稞嫩苗原粉55%、蔗糖7%、柠檬酸0.25%、橘子粉40%;灭菌、包装:按公知的方法用紫外光灭菌,真空包装获得青稞嫩苗粉。嫩苗粉中花色苷的含量为495mg/100g嫩苗粉。
以上详细说明了本发明的实施方式,但这只是为了便于理解而举的实例,不应被视为是对本发明范围的限制。同样,任何所属技术领域的技术人员均可根据本发明的技术方案及其较佳实施例的描述,做出各种可能的等同改变或替换,但所有这些改变或替换都应属于本发明的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种富含花色苷的青稞嫩苗粉制作方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)消毒浸泡:挑选颗粒饱满,无病虫害的蓝色青稞籽粒,经去离子水冲洗后,置于次氯酸钠溶液中浸泡消毒,然后用去离子水冲洗至pH中性;
(2)低氧浸泡:将消毒后的青稞籽粒置于水中,浸泡,浸泡期间持续通入空气;
(3)喷淋发芽:将浸泡后的青稞籽粒置于发芽机中,在12~16℃下发芽3d,发芽期间每隔8h进行1.5~2.0h UV-b照射和喷洒一次培养液;
第1天的培养液为50~80mmol/L的脱落酸溶液;
第2天和第3天的培养液由脱落酸和褪黑素组成的水溶液,其中脱落酸的浓度为50~80mmol/L,褪黑素的浓度为0.2~0.5mmol/L;
制得富含花色苷的青稞芽苗;
(4)青稞嫩苗粉制备:青稞芽苗洗净,脱水,打粉,过筛,获得青稞嫩苗原粉,青稞苗原粉与蔗糖、柠檬酸、橘子粉复配,各成分的质量百分比如下:青稞嫩苗原粉40%~55%、蔗糖3%~7%、柠檬酸0.10%~0.25%、橘子粉30%~40%;灭菌、包装:按公知的方法用紫外光灭菌,真空包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的富含花色苷的青稞嫩苗粉制作方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的次氯酸钠溶液为次氯酸钠体积分数为1.5%的水溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的富含花色苷的青稞嫩苗粉制作方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,青稞籽粒按料液比0.25~0.45g/mL置于水中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的富含花色苷的青稞嫩苗粉制作方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,浸泡温度为16℃,浸泡时间为24~32h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的富含花色苷的青稞嫩苗粉制作方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,通气量为2.5~4.5L/min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的富含花色苷的青稞嫩苗粉制作方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述的脱水,其脱水条件为95~112℃下脱水15~25h。
7.权利要求1~5任一所述富含花色苷的青稞嫩苗粉制作方法制备得到的青稞嫩苗粉。
8.权利要求7所述的青稞嫩苗粉在食品或保健品领域中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,将青稞嫩苗粉与蔗糖、柠檬酸、橘子粉中的一种或几种混合。
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