WO2021057476A1 - 一种调控植物代谢物质的光环境调控方法 - Google Patents

一种调控植物代谢物质的光环境调控方法 Download PDF

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WO2021057476A1
WO2021057476A1 PCT/CN2020/114158 CN2020114158W WO2021057476A1 WO 2021057476 A1 WO2021057476 A1 WO 2021057476A1 CN 2020114158 W CN2020114158 W CN 2020114158W WO 2021057476 A1 WO2021057476 A1 WO 2021057476A1
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light
intermittent
illumination
purple
red
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PCT/CN2020/114158
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李阳
陈艺群
马健
罗梅秀
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福建省中科生物股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021057476A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021057476A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
    • G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of plant lighting, in particular to a light environment control method for regulating plant metabolites.
  • Metabolic activities in plants are divided into primary metabolism and secondary metabolism. They occur in all plants.
  • the metabolism of essential life substances such as chlorophyll, sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, nucleic acids, etc. is primary metabolism; it occurs in some plants and involves some plants.
  • the metabolism of non-essential substances for life is secondary metabolism.
  • Secondary metabolites are the result of the interaction between plants and their living environment in the long-term evolution process. They mainly include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes and saponins and other small molecular organic compounds. Their production and distribution usually involve species, organs, tissues and growth. Specificity of developmental stage. Metabolites produced by different plants, especially secondary metabolites, have important application value to human life, production and other fields.
  • Purple (red) vegetables contain anthocyanins.
  • Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments that are widely found in plants. They belong to flavonoids and are the main coloring substances in plants. Sources of colors such as blue.
  • Anthocyanin is a hydroxyl donor and a free radical scavenger. It can bind to proteins to prevent peroxidation.
  • Anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants that can maintain normal cell connections, stabilize blood vessels, enhance microvascular circulation, and improve the flow of microvessels and veins. Therefore, it has become a trend to mix and eat purple foods. In particular, purple (red) vegetables are becoming more and more popular among consumers.
  • the cultivation yield of this purple or red vegetable variety is low, especially under the conditions of facility cultivation, such as artificial light plant factories, some purple (red) vegetable varieties, as the plant growth period extends, the color will gradually Fading, the content of anthocyanins is insufficient, which cannot meet the market demand.
  • the main factors affecting the accumulation of plant anthocyanin content are as follows: anthocyanin structure, nitrogen source, potassium fertilizer, pH, temperature, light, carbon source, internal and external factors, and the influence of cultivation techniques.
  • Fan Yinglun and others have shown that increasing UV-A and red light can increase the content of anthocyanins in potatoes.
  • the invention provides a light environment regulation method for regulating plant metabolites, which adopts traditional full artificial continuous illumination and adding at least one intermittent illumination in each stage of plant cultivation.
  • the intermittent light is intermittent light of two or more light qualities
  • the intermittent light irradiation mode is cross-irradiation or non-cross-irradiation.
  • the duty ratio of the intermittent light is less than 50%.
  • the duty ratio of the intermittent light is ⁇ 50%.
  • the light quality of the intermittent illumination is a monochromatic spectrum or a full spectrum
  • the illumination duration is 1s-20s in an intermittent illumination period
  • the illumination period is ⁇ 24h/d.
  • the intermittent illumination is monochromatic blue 450nm intermittent illumination.
  • the continuous illumination light quality is the full spectrum, and the illumination period is 8-12h/d.
  • the light intensity of the continuous illumination and the intermittent illumination are both 200-300 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s.
  • the present invention also provides cultivation in the above-mentioned fully artificial and controllable environment.
  • the specific steps are as follows:
  • the EC value of the nutrient solution is 0.8-1.2ms/cm, and the pH is 6.0-7.0;
  • the vegetable seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, they are cultivated and planted under light conditions.
  • the vegetables are moved to the planting plate.
  • the planting row spacing is 15cm ⁇ 20cm.
  • the environmental conditions are: day and night temperature is maintained at 20-23°C/ 18-20°C, air relative humidity 60-70%, continuous light, light intensity 200-300 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s, light cycle 8-12h/d; as the growth period of vegetables increases, the EC value of the nutrient solution is gradually increased Increase, the EC value of the nutrient solution is 1.5-2.0ms/cm, the PH value is 6.0-7.0, the temperature of the nutrient solution is 20-22°C, and the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6mg/L;
  • the duty cycle of intermittent light is 25-90%, preferably 50-90%.
  • the duration of illumination is 1s-20s in an interstitial photoperiod.
  • the light period of intermittent light is ⁇ 24h/d, and the light period of continuous light is 8-12h/d.
  • the light intensity of continuous light and intermittent light is 200-300 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention uses a combination of traditional continuous light and intermittent light photography to efficiently realize the rapid coloring of purple-red vegetables and increase the content of beneficial metabolites such as anthocyanins and vitamin C. Improve the quality of vegetables, while avoiding the problem of reduced production.
  • step (3) of the present invention the vegetables within one week from the harvest period are irradiated with monochromatic 450nm blue light intermittently, and the rapid coloring of purple-red vegetables can be realized by irradiating for 2-7 days, which is compared with traditional coloring.
  • the present invention adopts a fully artificial light controllable light environment to cultivate purple-red vegetables, which provides the optimal temperature, light, water, fertilizer, etc. for the growth of purple-red vegetables, and makes the cultivation of purple-red vegetables get rid of temperature, Regional and seasonal restrictions.
  • This example 1 uses Zimei lettuce as a sample, and the specific cultivation steps are as follows:
  • the planting row spacing is 15cm ⁇ 20cm.
  • the nutrient liquid film cultivation technology is adopted, the EC value of the nutrient solution is 1.5ms/cm, the pH is 6.0-7.0, the temperature of the nutrient solution is 20-22°C, and the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6mg/L.
  • the environmental temperature conditions are: the temperature during the day is maintained at 20-23°C, the temperature at night is maintained at 18-20°C, and the relative humidity of the air is 60-70%.
  • the lighting conditions adopt LED full-spectrum lamps, the light intensity is 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, and the light period is 10h;
  • the purple American lettuce after planting for 24 days was combined with LED full-spectrum intermittent light and monochromatic blue light 450nm intermittent light, and the LED full-spectrum intermittent light and monochromatic blue light 450nm intermittent light were crossed.
  • the vegetables were colored and treated by the experimental group. The plan is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum duty ratio 37.5%, light duration in the gap light cycle is 6s, light cycle is 16 hours, light intensity is 200 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s;
  • Monochromatic blue light duty ratio 37.5%, light duration in the intermittent light cycle is 6s, light cycle is 16 hours, light intensity is 200 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s;
  • the treatment plan for control group 1 is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum continuous light mode, light intensity 200 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod of 12h, processing for 3 days, and harvesting.
  • control group 2 The treatment plan of control group 2 is as follows:
  • Monochrome blue light continuous light mode, light intensity 200 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod of 12h, processing for 3d, and harvesting.
  • the treatment plan for the control group 3 is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum + monochromatic blue light continuous illumination mode, LED full spectrum illumination, light intensity 200 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod 6h; under monochromatic blue light irradiation, light intensity 200 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod 6h, processing for 3d, and harvesting.
  • Example 1 The anthocyanin content of Example 1 was at least 20% higher than that of the control group 2, and the fresh weight of the ground was 1.0% higher than that of the control group 1.
  • Example 2 red rosa lettuce was used as a sample, and the specific cultivation steps are as follows:
  • the planting row spacing is 15cm ⁇ 20cm, and the red rosa lettuce after planting is put in
  • the culture is carried out in the nutrient solution tank, the EC value of the nutrient solution is 1.8ms/cm, the pH is 6.0-7.0, the temperature of the nutrient solution is 20-22°C, and the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6mg/L.
  • the environmental temperature conditions are: the temperature during the day is maintained at 20-23°C, the temperature at night is maintained at 18-20°C, and the relative humidity of the air is 60-70%.
  • the EC value of the nutrient solution will gradually increase throughout the cultivation and planting.
  • the lighting conditions were LED full-spectrum lamps, the light intensity was 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, and the light cycle was 8h;
  • the red rosa lettuce after 20 days of planting was combined with LED full-spectrum intermittent light and monochromatic blue light 450nm intermittent light, and the LED full-spectrum intermittent light and monochromatic blue light 450nm intermittent light were crossed to color the vegetables.
  • the solution is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum duty ratio 40%, light duration in the gap light cycle is 12s, light cycle 12.5 hours, light intensity 250 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s;
  • Monochromatic blue light duty ratio 40%, light duration in the intermittent light period is 12s, light period is 12.5 hours, and light intensity is 250 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s;
  • the treatment plan for the control group 4 is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum continuous light mode, light intensity 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod of 10h, processing for 2d, and harvesting.
  • the treatment plan for the control group 5 is as follows:
  • Monochromatic blue light continuous light mode, light intensity 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod of 10h, processing for 2d, and harvesting.
  • the treatment plan for the control group 6 is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum + monochromatic blue light continuous illumination mode, LED full spectrum illumination, light intensity 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod 5h; under monochromatic blue light irradiation, light intensity 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod It is 5h, processed for 2d, and harvested.
  • Example 3 The anthocyanin content of Example 3 was at least 10% higher than that of the control group 4, and the fresh weight of the ground was increased by 2.8% than that of the control group 4.
  • Example 3 red wrinkle lettuce is used as a sample, and the specific cultivation steps are as follows:
  • the planting row spacing is 15cm ⁇ 20cm.
  • the nutrient liquid film cultivation technology is adopted, the EC value of the nutrient solution is 1.2-2.0ms/cm, the pH is 6.0-7.0, the temperature of the nutrient solution is 20-22°C, and the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6mg/L.
  • the environmental temperature conditions are: the temperature during the day is maintained at 20-23°C, the temperature at night is maintained at 18-20°C, and the relative humidity of the air is 60-70%.
  • the lighting conditions adopt LED full-spectrum lamps, the light intensity is 300 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, and the light period is 12h;
  • the red wrinkle lettuce after 23 days of planting was combined with LED full-spectrum intermittent light and monochromatic blue light 450nm intermittent light, and the LED full-spectrum intermittent light and monochromatic blue light 450nm intermittent light were crossed.
  • the vegetables were colored and treated by the test group. The plan is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum duty ratio 25%, light duration in the interstitial photoperiod is 3s, photoperiod is 24 hours, and the light intensity is 300 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s;
  • Monochromatic blue light duty ratio 25%, light duration in the interstitial photoperiod is 3s, photoperiod is 24 hours, and the light intensity is 300 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s;
  • the treatment plan for the control group 7 is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum continuous light mode, light intensity of 300 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod of 12h, processing for 4d, and harvesting.
  • the treatment plan for the control group 8 is as follows:
  • Monochromatic blue light continuous light mode, light intensity 300 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod of 12h, processing 4d, and harvesting.
  • Example 3 The anthocyanin content of Example 3 was at least 15% higher than that of the control group 8, and the fresh weight of the ground was increased by 1.6% compared to the control group 7;
  • Example 4 Zimei lettuce was used as a sample, and the specific cultivation steps are as follows:
  • the planting row spacing is 15cm ⁇ 20cm.
  • the nutrient liquid film cultivation technology is adopted, the EC value of the nutrient solution is 1.5ms/cm, the pH is 6.0-7.0, the temperature of the nutrient solution is 20-22°C, and the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6mg/L.
  • the environmental temperature conditions are: the temperature during the day is maintained at 20-23°C, the temperature at night is maintained at 18-20°C, and the relative humidity of the air is 60-70%.
  • the lighting conditions adopt LED full-spectrum lamps, the light intensity is 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, and the light period is 10h;
  • the purple lettuce planted for 24 days is combined with LED full-spectrum intermittent light and monochromatic blue light 450nm intermittent light, and the LED full-spectrum intermittent light is irradiated first, and then monochromatic blue light 450nm intermittent light is irradiated again.
  • Vegetables are colored, and the treatment plan of the test group is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum duty ratio 75%, light duration in the interstitial photoperiod is 6s, photoperiod is 8 hours, and the light intensity is 200 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s;
  • Monochromatic blue light duty ratio 75%, light duration in the interstitial photoperiod is 6s, photoperiod is 8 hours, and the light intensity is 200 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s;
  • the treatment plan for the control group 9 is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum continuous light, light intensity 200 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod of 12h, processing for 3 days, and harvesting.
  • the treatment plan for the control group 10 is as follows:
  • Monochromatic blue light continuous light, light intensity of 200 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod of 12h, processing for 3d, and harvesting.
  • Example 4 The anthocyanin content of Example 4 was at least 16% higher than that of the control group 10, and the fresh weight above the ground was 1.1% higher than that of the control group 9;
  • Example 5 red rosa lettuce is used as a sample, and the specific cultivation steps are as follows:
  • the planting row spacing is 15cm ⁇ 20cm, and the red rosa lettuce after planting is put in
  • the culture is carried out in the nutrient solution tank, the EC value of the nutrient solution is 1.8ms/cm, the pH is 6.0-7.0, the temperature of the nutrient solution is 20-22°C, and the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6mg/L.
  • the environmental temperature conditions are: the temperature during the day is maintained at 20-23°C, the temperature at night is maintained at 18-20°C, and the relative humidity of the air is 60-70%.
  • the EC value of the nutrient solution will gradually increase throughout the cultivation and planting.
  • the lighting conditions were LED full-spectrum lamps, the light intensity was 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, and the light cycle was 8h;
  • the red rosa lettuce planted for 20 days is combined with LED full-spectrum intermittent light and monochromatic blue light 450nm intermittent light, and the LED full-spectrum intermittent light is irradiated first, and then monochromatic blue light 450nm intermittent light is irradiated again, without cross-irradiation.
  • the treatment plan of the test group is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum duty ratio 90%, light duration in the interstitial photoperiod is 18s, photoperiod is 5 hours, and the light intensity is 250 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s;
  • Monochromatic blue light duty ratio 50%, light duration in the interstitial photoperiod is 1s, photoperiod is 10 hours, and the light intensity is 250 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s;
  • the treatment plan for the control group 11 is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum continuous light mode, light intensity 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod of 9.5h, processing for 2d, and harvesting.
  • the treatment plan for the control group 12 is as follows:
  • Monochromatic blue light continuous light mode, light intensity 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod of 9.5h, processing for 2d, and harvesting.
  • Example 5 The anthocyanin content of Example 5 was at least 15% higher than that of the control group 12, and the above-ground fresh weight was 1.4% higher than that of the control group 11;
  • Example 5 Zimei lettuce was used as a sample, and the specific cultivation steps are as follows:
  • the planting row spacing is 15cm ⁇ 20cm.
  • the nutrient liquid film cultivation technology is adopted, the EC value of the nutrient solution is 1.5ms/cm, the pH is 6.0-7.0, the temperature of the nutrient solution is 20-22°C, and the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6mg/L.
  • the environmental temperature conditions are: the temperature during the day is maintained at 20-23°C, the temperature at night is maintained at 18-20°C, and the relative humidity of the air is 60-70%.
  • the lighting conditions adopt LED full-spectrum lamps, the light intensity is 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, and the light period is 10h;
  • the purple lettuce planted for 24 days was colored with the combination of LED full-spectrum normal continuous light and monochromatic blue light 450nm intermittent light.
  • the treatment plan of the experimental group is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum continuous light, 8 hours light cycle, light intensity 200 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s;
  • Monochromatic blue light duty ratio 75%, light duration in the interstitial photoperiod is 3s, photoperiod is 8 hours, and the light intensity is 200 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s;
  • the treatment plan for the control group 13 is as follows:
  • LED full spectrum continuous light, 8 hours light cycle, light intensity 200 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s;
  • Monochromatic blue light continuous light, light intensity of 200 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, photoperiod of 6h, processing for 3d, and harvesting.
  • Example 6 The anthocyanin content of Example 6 was at least 19% higher than that of the control group 13, and the fresh weight of the ground was increased by 7.3% than that of the control group 13.

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Abstract

一种调控植物代谢物质的光环境调控方法，在植物栽培阶段中添加至少一种间歇光照，促进植物体内次生代谢物质的积累。该方法能提升紫红色蔬菜中的花青素含量、维生素C以及可溶性蛋白的含量，进一步提高了紫红色蔬菜的品质，改善了紫红色蔬菜的品相与风味。

Description

一种调控植物代谢物质的光环境调控方法 技术领域
本发明涉及植物照明技术领域，具体涉及一种调控植物代谢物质的光环境调控方法。
背景技术
植物体内代谢活动分为初生代谢和次生代谢，发生在所有植物体内，涉及到叶绿素、糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸、核酸等生命必需物质的代谢为初生代谢；发生在部分植物体内，涉及一些对植物生命非必需物质的代谢为次生代谢。次生代谢产物是植物在长期进化过程中与其生存环境相互作用的结果，主要包括生物碱、黄酮、萜类和皂苷等小分子有机化合物，其产生和分布通常有种属、器官、组织以及生长发育时期的特异性。不同的植物所产生的代谢物质，特别是次生代谢物质，对人类生活、生产等领域有着重要的应用价值。如药用植物次生代谢物种类繁多，结构迥异，至今已发现黄酮类、酚类、香豆素、木质素、生物碱、糖苷、萜类、甾类、皂苷、多炔类、有机酸等。多数具有抗肿瘤、抗癌、抗氧化、降低血脂和胆固醇的作用。青蒿中的青篙素，有抗疟疾、抗肿瘤、抗真菌、免疫调节的功效；蔬菜中的花青素还能够增强血管弹性，改善循环系统和增进皮肤的光滑度，抑制炎症和过敏，改善关节的柔韧性。
紫(红)色蔬菜含有花青素，花青素是一类广泛存在于植物中的水溶性色素，属于类黄酮化合物，也是植物的主要呈色物质，是植物中红色、紫色、紫红色、蓝色等颜色的来源。花青素是羟基供体，同时也是一种自由基清除剂，它能和蛋白质结合防止过氧化。花青素是强效的抗氧化剂，可维持正常的细胞连结、血管的稳定、增进微细血管循环、提高微血管和静脉的流动。因此，搭配食用紫色食品成为潮流，尤其是紫(红)色蔬菜越来越受到消费者的青睐。
目前，这种紫色或红色的蔬菜品种的培育产量低,尤其是在设施栽培条件下，如人工光植物工厂中，一些紫(红)色蔬菜品种，随着植株生长期的延长，颜色会逐渐褪化，花青素含量不足，不能满足市场的需求。影响植物花青素含量积累的主要因素有以下几个：花青素构造、氮源、钾肥、pH、温度、光照、碳源、内、外因子和栽培技术等的影响。截止目前，也有相关研究学者针对光环境紫红色蔬菜的着色进行了研究。樊颖伦等人研究表明，增加UV-A和红光均能提高马铃薯中花青素的含量。王志东等人研究表明，利用短波紫外线UV-C处理能提高鲜切紫甘蓝花青素的含量。齐艳等人研究表明，UV-A和UV-B处理均能提高甘蓝幼苗花青素含量。以上的研究学者表明了，使用紫外光波段照射处理，会有利于蔬菜花青素含量的积累，但是在植物工厂具体的实际应用中，可能会由于紫外光波段灯具制造成本较高，且紫外光对植物工厂中的工作人员有不利影响，因此在植物工厂的大面积推广应用上，使用紫外光波段存在障碍。同时也有文献报道蓝光有利于紫红色蔬菜花青素的积累，占丽英研究发现，蓝光可以促进紫色小白菜花青素的积累。专利201610014069.9提出在紫红色采收后期，改用蓝光进行处理，可以实现着色，但产量会明显下降，同时效果不明显。也有部分研究学者在紫红色生菜采收后期，采用连续光照模式，可以实现着色，但着色程度有限，能耗成本增大。
综上所述，由于紫红色蔬菜生长慢，花青素含量不足，即使在紫红色蔬菜采收后期改用连续光照模式实现着色，但由于着色程度有限且产量会明显下降。因此需要合适的光环境调控技术，既能保证紫红色蔬菜在采收时着色较佳，提高花青素含量，同时不减产，特别是在植物工厂设施条件下实现紫红色蔬菜的产业化种植，是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，需要提供一种调控植物代谢物质的光环境调控方法，需提高花青素含量增强叶色，同时不出现减产进而提升蔬菜品质的光环境调控方法。
本发明提供了一种调控植物代谢产物的光环境调控方法，在植物栽培各阶段中采用传统全人工连续光照和添加至少一种间歇光照。
进一步的，所述间歇光为两种或两种以上光质的间歇光，间歇光照射方式为交叉照射或者非交叉照射。
进一步的，交叉照射方式中，间歇光的占空比＜50％。
进一步的，非交叉照射方式中，间歇光的占空比≥50％。
进一步的，间歇光照光质为单色光谱或全光谱，在一个间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为1s-20s，光照周期为≤24h/d。
进一步的，所述间歇光照为单色蓝光450nm间歇光照。
进一步的，连续光照光质为全光谱，光照周期为8-12h/d。
进一步的，连续光照和间歇光照光强均为200-300μmol/㎡·s。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供了在上述全人工可控环境下的种植模式进行栽培，具体步骤如下：
(1)播种育苗
将紫红色蔬菜种子进行清水浸种后，播到海绵方块中，每穴1粒；将其置于催芽箱中进行催芽，待种子露白后，进行育苗处理，育苗阶段每各2天浇灌一次营养液，营养液EC值为0.8-1.2ms/cm，pH为6.0-7.0；
(2)栽培定植
待蔬菜幼苗长至4-5片真叶时，在光照条件下进行栽培定植，将蔬菜移到定植板上，定植行间距为15cm×20cm，环境条件为：昼夜温度维持在20-23℃/18-20℃，空气相对湿度为60-70％，采用连续光照，光照强度200-300μmol/㎡·s，光照周期8-12h/d；随着蔬菜生长期的延长，将营养液EC值逐渐提高， 营养液的EC值为1.5-2.0ms/cm，PH为6.0-7.0，营养液温度为20-22℃，溶氧量为5-6mg/L；
(3)采收
在采收期前一周内，采用LED全光谱连续光照和单色蓝光450nm间歇光照结合的方式或采用LED全光谱间歇光照和单色蓝光450nm间歇光照结合的方式，对蔬菜进行着色。间歇光照的占空比为25-90％，优选50-90％。在一个间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为1s-20s。间歇光照光周期为≤24h/d，连续光照光周期为8-12h/d.连续光照和间歇光照光强为200-300μmol/㎡·s，采用本技术处理蔬菜2-7d,可快速获得紫红色蔬菜，其花青素、维生素C含量和可溶性蛋白质含量极大增高，同时产量没有减少。
区别于现有技术，本发明具备以下有益效果：
(1)本发明在对紫红色蔬菜生长期间，采集传统连续光照和间歇光照相结合的方式，高效实现了紫红色蔬菜的快速着色，提高了花青素、维生素C等有益代谢物质的含量，提高蔬菜品质，同时又避免了减产问题的出现。
(2)本发明在步骤(3)中，对距离采收期一周之内的蔬菜进行单色450nm蓝光的间歇光照射，照射2-7天能够实现紫红色蔬菜的快速着色，对比传统的着色技术，效率高，效果明显，操作工艺简单，便于工业化应用；
(3)本发明采用全人工光可控光环境对紫红色蔬菜进行栽培，为紫红色蔬菜的生长提供了最优的温、光、水、肥等，使紫红色蔬菜的栽培摆脱了温度、地域及季节的限制。
具体实施方式
为详细说明技术方案的技术内容、构造特征、所实现目的及效果，以下结合具体实施例并配合附图详予说明。
实施例1
本实施例1采用了紫美生菜为样本，具体培育步骤如下：
(1)播种育苗
选取紫美生菜种子，将紫美生菜种子进行清水浸种后，播到海绵方块中，每穴一粒；然后再将播种有紫美生菜种子的海绵块置于催芽箱中进行催芽，待种子露白后，采用水培进行育苗处理，育苗阶段每各2天浇灌一次营养液，控制营养液的EC值为0.8ms/cm，pH为6.0-7.0；
(2)栽培定植
待紫美生菜长至4-5片真叶时，挑选整齐一致的紫美生菜幼苗移栽到定植板上，定植行间距为15cm×20cm，将定植后的紫美蔬菜放入营养液槽中进行培养，采用营养液膜栽培技术，营养液的EC值为1.5ms/cm，PH为6.0-7.0，营养液温度为20-22℃，溶氧量为5-6mg/L。环境温度条件为：白天温度维持在20-23℃，夜晚温度维持在18-20℃，空气相对湿度为60-70％，随着蔬菜生长期的延长，将营养液EC值逐渐提高整个栽培定植期间，光照条件采用LED全光谱灯，光照强度为250μmol/m 2·s，光照周期为10h；
(3)采收
将定植24d后的紫美生菜，采用LED全光谱间歇光照和单色蓝光450nm间歇光照结合的方式，且LED全光谱间歇光照和单色蓝光450nm间歇光照交叉进行，对蔬菜进行着色，试验组处理方案如下：
LED全光谱：占空比37.5％，间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为6s,光照周期16小时，光照强度200μmol/㎡·s；
单色蓝光：占空比37.5％，间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为6s,光照周期16小时，光照强度200μmol/㎡·s；
处理3d，进行采收。
对照组1处理方案如下：
LED全光谱：连续光照方式，光照强度200μmol/m 2·s，光周期为12h，处理3d，进行采收。
对照组2处理方案如下：
单色蓝光：连续光照方式，光照强度200μmol/m 2·s，光周期为12h，处理3d，进行采收。
对照组3处理方案如下：
LED全光谱+单色蓝光：连续光照方式，LED全光谱照射，光照强度200μmol/m 2·s，光周期为6h；在进行单色蓝光照射，光照强度200μmol/m 2·s，光周期为6h，处理3d，进行采收。
(4)结果与分析
采收后，随机选取50株紫美生菜，对其地上鲜重、花青素含量、维生素C含量以及可溶性蛋白进行测量，取平均值，其结果如下表所示：
Figure PCTCN2020114158-appb-000001
结果：实施例1比对照组2花青素含量至少提高20％，地上鲜重比对照组1提高1.0％；
实施例2
本实施例2采用了红罗莎生菜为样本，具体培育步骤如下：
(1)播种育苗
选取红罗莎生菜种子，将红罗莎生菜种子进行清水浸种后，播到海绵方块中，每穴一粒；然后再将播种有红罗莎生菜种子的海绵块置于催芽箱中进行催芽，待种子露白后，采用水培进行育苗处理，育苗阶段每各2天浇灌一 次营养液，控制营养液的EC值为1.0ms/cm，pH为6.0-7.0；
(2)栽培定植
待红罗莎生菜幼苗长至4-5片真叶时，挑选整齐一致的红罗莎生菜幼苗移栽到定植板上，定植行间距为15cm×20cm，将定植后的红罗莎生菜放入营养液槽中进行培养，营养液的EC值为1.8ms/cm，PH为6.0-7.0，营养液温度为20-22℃，溶氧量为5-6mg/L。环境温度条件为：白天温度维持在20-23℃，夜晚温度维持在18-20℃，空气相对湿度为60-70％，随着蔬菜生长期的延长，将营养液EC值逐渐提高整个栽培定植期间，光照条件采用LED全光谱灯，光照强度为250μmol/m 2·s，光照周期为8h；
(3)采收
将定植20d后的红罗莎生菜，采用LED全光谱间歇光照和单色蓝光450nm间歇光照结合的方式，且LED全光谱间歇光照和单色蓝光450nm间歇光照交叉进行，对蔬菜进行着色，试验组处理方案如下：
LED全光谱：占空比40％，间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为12s,光照周期12.5小时，光照强度250μmol/㎡·s；
单色蓝光：占空比40％，间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为12s,光照周期12.5小时，光照强度250μmol/㎡·s；
处理2d，进行采收。
对照组4处理方案如下：
LED全光谱：连续光照方式，光照强度250μmol/m 2·s，光周期为10h，处理2d，进行采收。
对照组5处理方案如下：
单色蓝光：连续光照方式，光照强度250μmol/m 2·s，光周期为10h，处理2d，进行采收。
对照组6处理方案如下：
LED全光谱+单色蓝光：连续光照方式，LED全光谱照射，光照强度250 μmol/m 2·s，光周期为5h；在进行单色蓝光照射，光照强度250μmol/m 2·s，光周期为5h，处理2d，进行采收。
(4)结果与分析
采收后，随机选取50株红罗莎生菜，对其地上鲜重、花青素含量，以及维生素C含量进行测量，取平均值，其结果如下表所示：
Figure PCTCN2020114158-appb-000002
结果：实施例3比对照组4花青素含量至少提高10％，地上鲜重比对照组4提高2.8％；
实施例3
本实施例3采用了红皱生菜为样本，具体培育步骤如下：
(1)播种育苗
选取红皱生菜种子，将红皱生菜种子进行清水浸种后，播到海绵方块中，每穴一粒；然后再将播种有红皱生菜种子的海绵块置于催芽箱中进行催芽，待种子露白后，采用水培进行育苗处理，育苗阶段每各2天浇灌一次营养液，控制营养液的EC值为1.2ms/cm，pH为6.0-7.0；
(2)栽培定植
待红皱生菜长至4-5片真叶时，挑选整齐一致的红皱生菜幼苗移栽到定植板上，定植行间距为15cm×20cm，将定植后的红皱生菜放入营养液槽中进行培养，采用营养液膜栽培技术，营养液的EC值为1.2-2.0ms/cm，PH为6.0-7.0，营养液温度为20-22℃，溶氧量为5-6mg/L。环境温度条件为：白天温度维持 在20-23℃，夜晚温度维持在18-20℃，空气相对湿度为60-70％，随着蔬菜生长期的延长，将营养液EC值逐渐提高整个栽培定植期间，光照条件采用LED全光谱灯，光照强度为300μmol/m 2·s，光照周期为12h；
(3)采收
将定植23d后的红皱生菜，采用LED全光谱间歇光照和单色蓝光450nm间歇光照结合的方式，且LED全光谱间歇光照和单色蓝光450nm间歇光照交叉进行，对蔬菜进行着色，试验组处理方案如下：
LED全光谱：占空比25％，间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为3s,光照周期24小时，光照强度300μmol/㎡·s；
单色蓝光：占空比25％，间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为3s,光照周期24小时，光照强度300μmol/㎡·s；
处理4d，进行采收。
对照组7处理方案如下：
LED全光谱：连续光照方式，光照强度300μmol/m 2·s，光周期为12h，处理4d，进行采收。
对照组8处理方案如下：
单色蓝光：连续光照方式，光照强度300μmol/m 2·s，光周期为12h，处理4d，进行采收。
(4)结果与分析
采收后，随机选取50株红皱生菜，对其地上鲜重、花青素含量，以及维生素C含量进行测量，取平均值，其结果如下表所示：
Figure PCTCN2020114158-appb-000003
结果：实施例3比对照组8花青素含量至少提高15％，地上鲜重比对照组7提高1.6％；
实施例4
本实施例4采用了紫美生菜为样本，具体培育步骤如下：
(1)播种育苗
选取紫美生菜种子，将紫美生菜种子进行清水浸种后，播到海绵方块中，每穴一粒；然后再将播种有紫美生菜种子的海绵块置于催芽箱中进行催芽，待种子露白后，采用水培进行育苗处理，育苗阶段每各2天浇灌一次营养液，控制营养液的EC值为0.8ms/cm，pH为6.0-7.0；
(2)栽培定植
待紫美生菜长至4-5片真叶时，挑选整齐一致的紫美生菜幼苗移栽到定植板上，定植行间距为15cm×20cm，将定植后的紫美蔬菜放入营养液槽中进行培养，采用营养液膜栽培技术，营养液的EC值为1.5ms/cm，PH为6.0-7.0，营养液温度为20-22℃，溶氧量为5-6mg/L。环境温度条件为：白天温度维持在20-23℃，夜晚温度维持在18-20℃，空气相对湿度为60-70％，随着蔬菜生长期的延长，将营养液EC值逐渐提高整个栽培定植期间，光照条件采用LED全光谱灯，光照强度为250μmol/m 2·s，光照周期为10h；
(3)采收
将定植24d后的紫美生菜，采用LED全光谱间歇光照和单色蓝光450nm间歇光照结合的方式，且LED全光谱间歇光照先照射，再次单色蓝光450nm间歇光照再照射，非交叉照射，对蔬菜进行着色，试验组处理方案如下：
LED全光谱：占空比75％，间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为6s,光照周期8小时，光照强度200μmol/㎡·s；
单色蓝光：占空比75％，间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为6s,光照周期8小时，光照强度200μmol/㎡·s；
处理3d，进行采收。
对照组9处理方案如下：
LED全光谱：连续光照，光照强度200μmol/m 2·s，光周期为12h，处理3d，进行采收。
对照组10处理方案如下：
单色蓝光：连续光照，光照强度200μmol/m 2·s，光周期为12h，处理3d，进行采收。
(4)结果与分析
采收后，随机选取50株紫美生菜，对其地上鲜重、花青素含量、维生素C含量以及可溶性蛋白进行测量，取平均值，其结果如下表所示：
Figure PCTCN2020114158-appb-000004
结果：实施例4比对照组10花青素含量至少提高16％，地上鲜重比对照组9提高1.1％；
实施例5
本实施例5采用了红罗莎生菜为样本，具体培育步骤如下：
(1)播种育苗
选取红罗莎生菜种子，将红罗莎生菜种子进行清水浸种后，播到海绵方块中，每穴一粒；然后再将播种有红罗莎生菜种子的海绵块置于催芽箱中进行催芽，待种子露白后，采用水培进行育苗处理，育苗阶段每各2天浇灌一次营养液，控制营养液的EC值为1.0ms/cm，pH为6.0-7.0；
(2)栽培定植
待红罗莎生菜幼苗长至4-5片真叶时，挑选整齐一致的红罗莎生菜幼苗移栽到定植板上，定植行间距为15cm×20cm，将定植后的红罗莎生菜放入营养液槽中进行培养，营养液的EC值为1.8ms/cm，PH为6.0-7.0，营养液温度为20-22℃，溶氧量为5-6mg/L。环境温度条件为：白天温度维持在20-23℃，夜晚温度维持在18-20℃，空气相对湿度为60-70％，随着蔬菜生长期的延长，将营养液EC值逐渐提高整个栽培定植期间，光照条件采用LED全光谱灯，光照强度为250μmol/m 2·s，光照周期为8h；
(3)采收
将定植20d后的红罗莎生菜，采用LED全光谱间歇光照和单色蓝光450nm间歇光照结合的方式，且LED全光谱间歇光照先照射，再次单色蓝光450nm间歇光照再照射，非交叉照射，对蔬菜进行着色，试验组处理方案如下：
LED全光谱：占空比90％，间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为18s,光照周期5小时，光照强度250μmol/㎡·s；
单色蓝光：占空比50％，间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为1s,光照周期10小时，光照强度250μmol/㎡·s；
处理2d，进行采收。
对照组11处理方案如下：
LED全光谱：连续光照方式，光照强度250μmol/m 2·s，光周期为9.5h，处理2d，进行采收。
对照组12处理方案如下：
单色蓝光：连续光照方式，光照强度250μmol/m 2·s，光周期为9.5h，处理2d，进行采收。
(4)结果与分析
采收后，随机选取50株红罗莎生菜，对其地上鲜重、花青素含量，以及维生素C含量进行测量，取平均值，其结果如下表所示：
光照处理 地上鲜重/g 花青素含量 维生素C 可溶性蛋白mg/g
    g·10ml mg/100g  
实施例5 94.68 13.85 135.26 34.36
对照组11 93.29 3.56 107.03 26.59
对照组12 87.46 12.02 127.89 31.78
结果：实施例5比对照组12花青素含量至少提高15％，地上鲜重比对照组11提高1.4％；
实施例6
本实施例5采用了紫美生菜为样本，具体培育步骤如下：
(1)播种育苗
选取紫美生菜种子，将紫美生菜种子进行清水浸种后，播到海绵方块中，每穴一粒；然后再将播种有紫美生菜种子的海绵块置于催芽箱中进行催芽，待种子露白后，采用水培进行育苗处理，育苗阶段每各2天浇灌一次营养液，控制营养液的EC值为0.8ms/cm，pH为6.0-7.0；
(2)栽培定植
待紫美生菜长至4-5片真叶时，挑选整齐一致的紫美生菜幼苗移栽到定植板上，定植行间距为15cm×20cm，将定植后的紫美蔬菜放入营养液槽中进行培养，采用营养液膜栽培技术，营养液的EC值为1.5ms/cm，PH为6.0-7.0，营养液温度为20-22℃，溶氧量为5-6mg/L。环境温度条件为：白天温度维持在20-23℃，夜晚温度维持在18-20℃，空气相对湿度为60-70％，随着蔬菜生长期的延长，将营养液EC值逐渐提高整个栽培定植期间，光照条件采用LED全光谱灯，光照强度为250μmol/m 2·s，光照周期为10h；
(3)采收
将定植24d后的紫美生菜，采用LED全光谱正常连续光照和单色蓝光450nm间歇光照结合的方式，对蔬菜进行着色，试验组处理方案如下：
LED全光谱：连续光照，光照周期8小时，光照强度200μmol/㎡·s；
单色蓝光：占空比75％，间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为3s,光照周期8小时，光照强度200μmol/㎡·s；
处理3d，进行采收。
对照组13处理方案如下：
LED全光谱：连续光照，光照周期8小时，光照强度200μmol/㎡·s；
单色蓝光：连续光照，光照强度200μmol/m 2·s，光周期为6h，处理3d，进行采收。
(4)结果与分析
采收后，随机选取50株紫美生菜，对其地上鲜重、花青素含量、维生素C含量以及可溶性蛋白进行测量，取平均值，其结果如下表所示：
Figure PCTCN2020114158-appb-000005
结果：实施例6比对照组13花青素含量至少提高19％，地上鲜重比对照组13提高7.3％；
(4)分别采用不同光环境调控对生长后期的紫红色蔬菜进行处理，通过对形态数据以及相关指标采集测定，分析表中数据结果可以明显发现，采用本发明的光环境调控技术方案，紫红色蔬菜的地上鲜重有较为明显的提高，同时花青素含量、维生素C含量和可溶性蛋白含量也有显著提高，本发明光环境调控技术下的紫红色蔬菜可以较好地实现着色，同时又能避免出现减产的问题。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示 这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者终端设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括……”或“包含……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备中还存在另外的要素。此外，在本文中，“大于”、“小于”、“超过”等理解为不包括本数；“以上”、“以下”、“以内”等理解为包括本数。
尽管已经对上述各实施例进行了描述，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改，所以以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利保护范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种调控植物代谢产物的光环境调控方法，其特征在于，在植物栽培阶段中添加至少一种间歇光照，促进植物体内次生代谢物质的积累。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述间歇光为两种或两种以上光质的间歇光，间歇光照射方式为交叉照射或者非交叉照射。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，交叉照射方式中，各间歇光的占空比＜50％。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，非交叉照射方式中，各间歇光的占空比≥50％。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，间歇光照光质为单色光谱或全光谱，在一个间隙光照周期内光照持续时间为1s-20s，光照周期为≤24h/d。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述间歇光照为单色蓝光450nm间歇光照。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，间歇光照光强为200-300μmol/㎡·s。
  8. 一种植物种植栽培方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
    (1)播种育苗
    将紫红色蔬菜种子进行清水浸种后，播到海绵方块中，每穴1粒；将其置于催芽箱中进行催芽，待种子露白后，进行育苗处理，育苗阶段每各2天浇灌一次营养液；
    (2)栽培定植
    待蔬菜幼苗长至4-5片真叶时，在光照条件下进行栽培定植，环境条件为：昼夜温度维持在20-23℃/18-20℃，空气相对湿度为60-70％，采用连续光照，光照强度200-300μmol/㎡·s，光照周期8-12h/d；
    (3)采收
    在采收期前一周内，采用权利要求1-7任一所述的光环境调控方法对蔬菜进行着色，处理蔬菜2-7d。
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