CN110810159A - Method for cultivating white grass on sand shoal - Google Patents
Method for cultivating white grass on sand shoal Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating white grass on a sand beach, which belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation and specifically comprises S1 seed selection, S2 land preparation, S3 sowing, S4 field management, S5 harvesting and the like. The white grass planted by the cultivation method provided by the invention has high yield, good water and fertilizer conditions are provided through artificial cultivation and planting, field management is enhanced, reasonable harvest and utilization are realized, and high-yield and high-quality forage grass is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a method for cultivating white grass on a sand shoal.
Background
The Tibet is used in alpine regions of China, the geographical and climatic environments are particularly special, and the alpine regions are lack of oxygen. The temperature is low throughout the year, the frozen soil is not changed throughout the year, the plant production capacity is low, the problem of forage grass shortage in winter and spring is always faced in the livestock breeding process taking herbivorous animals (yaks, sheep and the like) as main bodies in development, and wild white grass in Tibet mostly grows in dry places, sandy loam and deserts beside hillslopes or roads, has wider soil adaptability and strong stress resistance, can resist cold, drought and barren, and can grow well in arid regions with annual precipitation of 100 and 300 mm. But the plant grows fast and has strong tillering capability and particularly flourishing growth under the habitat with better water and fertilizer conditions. In alpine grassland with elevation of 3000-4000 m, such as Tibet and Qinghai, white grass is often grown together with sand-fixing grass, sophora moorcroftiana, agriophyllum squarrosum and the like, the white grass generally turns green in the middle and late 4 months to the middle and late 5 months, spikes and flowers in the middle and late 7-8 months, and seeds are ripe in the middle and late 9 months. The forage grass is a favorite forage grass for animals such as cattle, yaks, sheep and horses in alpine regions in four seasons, and has the advantages of rich nutritional value, good palatability, strong seed breeding capability, strong stress resistance, high grass yield and the like.
At present, people have less planting, processing and utilizing of white grass, the grass land of the current grassland animal husbandry degenerates, the forage grass is seriously insufficient, the forage grass is high in cost for transporting the forage grass from the outside, the applicability is not strong, and the contained nutrient content is low, so that the high-yield and high-quality white grass forage obtained by artificial cultivation and planting has very important significance for promoting the animal husbandry development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating white grass on a sand shoal, which provides good water and fertilizer conditions through artificial cultivation and planting, strengthens field management, and reasonably harvests and utilizes the white grass to obtain high-yield and high-quality forage grass.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for cultivating white grass on a sand shoal, which comprises the following steps:
s1 seed selection: selecting seeds with full seeds and strong activity, and soaking the seeds in 1-2% copper sulfate solution for 8-12 min for later use; preferably 1.5% copper sulfate solution for 10 min.
S2 soil preparation: selecting soil which is not easy to harden and has low salt content, applying base fertilizer, deeply ploughing by 10-30 cm, and raking to make the soil reach virtuous and frustrated; so as to promote the further coordination of water, fertilizer, gas and heat of the soil, control the sowing depth and ensure the uniformity of seedling emergence.
S3 sowing: sowing the seeds selected in the step S1 in a row spacing of 15-30 cm in a furrow-ridge drill manner, wherein the spring sowing is carried out in the middle and last ten days of 3 months to 6 months, and the autumn sowing is carried out in the 10 months; the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, and the sowing quantity is 1.5-3.5 kg/mu; after seeding, the soil is pressed and crushed to make up cracks. Can play a role in preserving heat and moisture for soil, and is favorable for the safe overwintering of the white grass sowed in autumn.
S4 field management: after sowing, fence protection, fertilization, watering, pruning and disease and pest control are arranged. Set up the rail and can avoid livestock, wild animal to trample and destroy. When the seedlings are sown in the current year, the seedlings grow slowly, and are limited by soil conditions, so that malnutrition is easy to occur, proper chemical fertilizers can be selected to supplement trace elements in the soil, and the control of plant diseases and insect pests is emphasized.
And S5 harvesting: and (4) mowing after the 2 nd year of planting, wherein the mowing frequency is 1-3 times before the frost falls every year, and the stubble is remained for 8-10 cm. Specifically, the white grass is hard in texture, has no setae and is tasteless, and is suitable for being mowed and fed before the heading period. After heading, the stalks become hard, and the feeding value is reduced. From green turning to flowering, the forage is excellent forage grass for yaks, sheep and horses. And under the conditions of drought climate and poor soil, the mowing machine is suitable for mowing for 1-2 times a year, and under the condition of good water and fertilizer conditions, the mowing machine is suitable for mowing for 2-3 times a year. The white grass is planted in the area with good water and fertilizer conditions, the white grass can only enter the heading period in the same year and cannot flower and bear seeds, the white grass can be mowed after the next year, and the yield of the produced hay is generally 200-300 kg/mu. The mowing of the white grass takes fresh grass as the optimum, and is preferably mowing in the heading period with the highest nutritional value. In order not to affect the overwintering, the cutting is finished 1 month before frost, and the stubble is preferably kept for 8-10cm, so as to be beneficial to regeneration and overwintering.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the depth of deep ploughing for spring sowing is 10-15 cm, and the depth of deep ploughing for autumn sowing is 20-30 cm.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the planted sandy loam or desert soil components are investigated before sowing, soil which is not easy to harden and has low salt content is selected as a planting area, and base fertilizer is sprayed on the soil of the planting area, wherein the base fertilizer is decomposed pure sheep manure. The biological bacterial manure produced after corrosion and fermentation can provide all nutrients required by plant growth.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the white grass is sowed in the middle and last 4 months in spring and 10 months in autumn, preferably at a sowing temperature of 8-10 ℃. . In addition, the seeds can be sown in the alpine pasturing areas after the land is thawed, the seeds are not suitable to be sown in the early days, and the sowing in the spring is not more than the middle and last ten days of 6 months at the latest.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fertilization amount of field management is 400-500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied under the conditions of frost, cold tide, drought and the like, so that the disease condition can be controlled, and the fertilization amount is 15-20 kg per mu.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the field management watering is not needed under the normal condition, the sprinkling irrigation is adopted in the drought season, the watering time is nine to twelve am once a week, and the watering in the evening is avoided.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, field management pruning is carried out to cut grass with a height of 20cm in summer, so as to promote tillering. Cutting and trimming in time, improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the grasslands and the lawns, reducing the field humidity, and keeping the ventilation and light transmission of the white grass growing areas so as to facilitate the rapid growth of the white grass. In addition, the trimmed residual bodies and the pruned hay are removed in time, so that the grassland and the lawn are kept clean and sanitary. Can be used in proper areas in winter, and can lightly burn grasslands when conditions permit, thereby reducing the amount of overwintering bacteria.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the field management disease and pest control is one of spraying of 2000-3000 times of pesticide for spring disease, 2000-times of 25% triadimefon wettable powder, 2000-times of 12.5% fast-care wettable powder, 1000-1500 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 500 times of 25% carbendazim wettable powder, 1000 times of 50% sterile wettable powder and the like, and spraying of 100 times of BO10 biological preparation or 2000 times of 30% tefurazoline wettable powder. The spraying agent is mainly used for preventing powdery mildew, and the agent can effectively kill powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminisiDC), ensure good photosynthesis of the white grass and promote plant growth. The powdery mildew is spread in the field by virtue of conidia, the conidia fall to an infected part along with airflow, and can germinate and invade in 2 hours under the damp and cool (8-17 ℃, the optimum temperature is 12.5 ℃) and cloudy conditions. The mycelium of the diseased part can continuously generate conidium for 7-14 days under proper conditions until the parasitic tissue dies.
The cultivation method has the beneficial effects that the white grass planted by the cultivation method has high yield, good palatability and high nutritional value; in the ecological restoration process, planting systems such as sophora moorcroftiana, white grass and sand fixation grass, salix mongolica, white grass and artemisia desertorum and the like are easy to form, the implementation method is simple, and the method is suitable for large-area popularization and application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The method for transplanting helioma himalayan roots according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below.
In the following embodiments, 2000-3000 times of the 25% triadimefon wettable powder sprayed in the early period of the onset of the powdery mildew in spring can be replaced by spray control of 2000 times of 12.5% fast-care wettable powder, 1000-1500 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 500 times of 25% carbendazim wettable powder, 1000 times of 50% prochloraz wettable powder and the like, and spray control of 100 times of BO10 biological agent or 2000 times of 30% tefurin wettable powder.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for cultivating white grass on a sand shoal, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: and (3) selecting seeds with full seeds and strong activity, and soaking the seeds in 1.5% copper sulfate solution for 10min for later use.
(2) Land preparation: soil which is not easy to harden and has low salt content is selected, the decomposed pure sheep manure is sprayed as a base fertilizer, and then deep ploughing is carried out for 12cm, and the soil is raked fine, so that the soil is up-to-down and solid and free of light and dark.
(3) Sowing: sowing the seeds selected in the step S1 in the middle and last ten days of 4 months in a furrow-ridge drill way with the row spacing of 22cm, the sowing depth of 4cm and the sowing quantity of 2.5 kg/mu; after seeding, the soil is pressed and crushed to make up cracks.
(4) Field management: after sowing, arranging fence protection, and spraying 450 kg/mu of organic fertilizer; watering the planting field after fertilizer is applied, pruning the white grass when the white grass grows to a certain height, wherein the grass pruning height is 20cm, and timely treating the pruned hay and the like. In addition, 2000-3000 times of 25% triadimefon wettable powder is sprayed at the early stage of powdery mildew in spring. In the field management process, white grass is watered by sprinkling irrigation at nine to twelve am in the drought season, and the watering frequency is once a week. Meanwhile, in drought seasons, the fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer for white grass is 18kg per mu.
(5) Harvesting: and (4) mowing after the 2 nd year of planting, wherein the mowing frequency is 2 times before the frost falls every year, and stubble is left for 9 cm.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for cultivating white grass on a sand shoal, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: and (3) selecting seeds with full seeds and strong activity, and soaking the seeds in 1% copper sulfate solution for 8min for later use.
(2) Land preparation: soil which is not easy to harden and has low salt content is selected, the decomposed pure sheep manure is sprayed as a base fertilizer, and then the deep ploughing is carried out for 20cm, the rake is fine, so that the soil is up-to-the-corner and free of light and dark.
(3) Sowing: sowing the seeds selected in the step S1 in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in a furrow-ridge drill way with the row spacing of 15cm, wherein the sowing depth is 3cm, and the sowing quantity is 1.5 kg/mu; after seeding, the soil is pressed and crushed to make up cracks.
(4) Field management: after sowing, arranging fence protection, and spraying 400 kg/mu of organic fertilizer; watering the planting field after fertilizer is applied, pruning the white grass when the white grass grows to a certain height, wherein the grass pruning height is 20cm, and timely treating the pruned hay and the like. In addition, 2000-3000 times of 25% triadimefon wettable powder is sprayed at the early stage of powdery mildew in spring. In the field management process, white grass is watered by sprinkling irrigation at nine to twelve am in the drought season, and the watering frequency is once a week. Meanwhile, in drought seasons, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are additionally applied to the white grass, and the fertilizing amount is 15kg per mu.
(5) Harvesting: and (4) mowing after the 2 nd year of planting, wherein the mowing frequency is 1 time before the frost falls every year, and the stubble is left for 8 cm.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for cultivating white grass on a sand shoal, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: and (3) selecting seeds with full seeds and strong activity, and soaking the seeds in 2% copper sulfate solution for 12min for later use.
(2) Land preparation: soil which is not easy to harden and has low salt content is selected, the decomposed pure sheep manure is sprayed as a base fertilizer, and then the deep ploughing is carried out for 10cm, the rake is fine, so that the soil is up-to-the-corner and free of light and dark.
(3) Sowing: sowing the seeds selected in the step S1 in the middle and last ten days of 6 months in a furrow-ridge drill way with the row spacing of 30cm, the sowing depth of 5cm and the sowing quantity of 3.5 kg/mu; after seeding, the soil is pressed and crushed to make up cracks.
(4) Field management: after sowing, arranging fence protection, and spraying 500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer; watering the planting field after fertilizer is applied, pruning the white grass when the white grass grows to a certain height, wherein the grass pruning height is 20cm, and timely treating the pruned hay and the like. In addition, 2000-3000 times of 25% triadimefon wettable powder is sprayed at the early stage of powdery mildew in spring. In the field management process, white grass is watered by sprinkling irrigation at nine to twelve am in the drought season, and the watering frequency is once a week. Meanwhile, in drought seasons, the fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer is 20kg per mu for white grass.
(5) Harvesting: and (4) mowing after the 2 nd year of planting, wherein the mowing frequency is 3 times before the frost falls every year, and the stubble is left for 10 cm.
Example 4
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for cultivating white grass on a sand shoal, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: and (3) selecting seeds with full seeds and strong activity, and soaking the seeds in 1.5% copper sulfate solution for 10min for later use.
(2) Land preparation: soil which is not easy to harden and has low salt content is selected, and the decomposed pure sheep manure is applied as a base fertilizer, and then is deeply ploughed by 20-30 cm and finely raked, so that the soil reaches virtuous and unreasonable.
(3) Sowing: sowing the seeds selected in the step S1 in the middle and last ten days of 10 months in a furrow-ridge drill way with the row spacing of 22cm, the sowing depth of 4cm and the sowing quantity of 2.5 kg/mu; after seeding, the soil is pressed and crushed to make up cracks.
(4) Field management: after sowing, arranging fence protection, and spraying 450 kg/mu of organic fertilizer; watering the planting field after fertilizer is applied, pruning the white grass when the white grass grows to a certain height, wherein the grass pruning height is 20cm, and timely treating the pruned hay and the like. In addition, 2000-3000 times of 25% triadimefon wettable powder is sprayed at the early stage of powdery mildew in spring. In the field management process, white grass is watered by sprinkling irrigation at nine to twelve am in the drought season, and the watering frequency is once a week. Meanwhile, in drought seasons, the fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer for white grass is 18kg per mu.
(5) Harvesting: and (4) mowing after the 2 nd year of planting, wherein the mowing frequency is 2 times before the frost falls every year, and stubble is left for 9 cm.
Test example 1:
in 2017, 9 months to 2018, 3 months, the direct seeding cultivation test of white grass seeds is carried out in an ecological restoration area in Tibet Tibetan grass ecological technology limited base, the test field is relatively dispersive, the total is 50 mu, and the average acre yield is as follows: 308kg, average acre yield value: 3080 Yuan (average price 10 Yuan/kg), after multiple fertilization (average yield per mu of 453kg and average yield per mu of 4530 kg), the yield per mu is increased by 154kg, the yield value is increased by 1540 Yuan, 7 labor for seedling cultivation, transplanting and fertilization are saved per mu, 490 Yuan is planted according to Zaocy county of Zaocy county in Shannan City, and 2.45 Ten Yuan can be increased after multiple fertilization of 50 mu of direct-seeded seeds.
Test example 2:
in 2019, October from 2019, white grass rhizome transplanting tests are carried out in the shallow drainage basin of the Yanuguebu river coastline in the ecological restoration demonstration area in the base of Tibet grass ecological technology Limited company, the test area is 20 mu, the average yield per mu is 537kg, the average yield per mu value of 5370 Yuan (average price is 10 Yuan/kg) is increased by 218kg compared with the yield per mu of the traditional seedling and transplanting mode (average yield per mu is 319kg and average yield per mu is 3190 Yuan), the yield is increased by 2180 Yuan, 7 workers for seedling raising, transplanting and fertilizing are saved per mu, and 2 workers for seed deduction and seedling leveling are carried out. Actually 5 workers are used per mu, 150 RMB/day workers are used in agricultural production in Zaocy county, south Shanxi, the labor cost is 750 RMB, 1430 RMB is saved per mu, and the RMB is increased by 20 mu, and the RMB is reduced by about 2.86 RMB by directly sowing white grass roots and stems.
In conclusion, the white grass planted by the cultivation method provided by the invention is high in yield, good water and fertilizer conditions are provided through artificial cultivation and planting, field management is enhanced, reasonable harvest and utilization are realized, and high-yield and high-quality forage grass is obtained.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating white grass on a sand shoal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 seed selection: selecting seeds with full seeds and strong activity, and putting the seeds into 1-2% of copper sulfate solution for soaking the seeds for 8-12 min for later use;
s2 soil preparation: selecting soil which is not easy to harden and has low salt content, applying base fertilizer, deeply ploughing by 10-30 cm, and raking to make the soil reach virtuous and frustrated;
s3 sowing: sowing the seeds selected in the step S1 in a row spacing of 15-30 cm in a furrow-ridge drill manner, wherein the spring sowing is carried out in the middle and last ten days of 3 months to 6 months, and the autumn sowing is carried out in the 10 months; the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, and the sowing quantity is 1.5-3.5 kg/mu; after seeding, the soil is pressed and crushed, and cracks are made up;
s4 field management: after sowing, arranging fence protection, fertilizing, watering, pruning and preventing diseases and pests;
and S5 harvesting: and (4) mowing after the 2 nd year of planting, wherein the mowing frequency is 1-3 times before the frost falls every year, and the stubble is remained for 8-10 cm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, deep ploughing is 10-15 cm, and deep ploughing depth is spring sowing.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, deep ploughing is 20-30 cm, and deep ploughing depth is autumn sowing.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S2, the applied base fertilizer is decomposed pure sheep manure.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, spring sowing is in the middle and last of 4 months, and autumn sowing is in the middle and last of 10 months.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the seeding temperature in step S3 is 8-10 ℃.
7. The method for cultivating white grass on a sand shoal according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, 400-500 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu, and a proper amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in frost, cold tide and drought conditions to control the disease condition, wherein the application amount is 15-20 kg per mu.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the watering in step S4 is performed by sprinkling irrigation in dry season, once a week, and the watering time is nine to twelve am, so as to avoid watering in the evening.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the grass is cut to a height of 20cm in summer to promote tillering.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the application of fertilizer is carried out by adding phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in dry season, and the amount of fertilizer applied is 15-20 kg per mu.
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| CN106068990A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 中国水稻研究所 | The cutting cuttage pierre of a kind of Africa Herba penniseti and booth wintering method |
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2019
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| WO1997010704A1 (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-03-27 | The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Apomixis for producing true-breeding plant progenies |
| CN102204468A (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2011-10-05 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Sexual propagation cultivation technique for medium-sized herb of Chinese pennisetum |
| CN106068990A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 中国水稻研究所 | The cutting cuttage pierre of a kind of Africa Herba penniseti and booth wintering method |
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Application publication date: 20200221 |