CN110809932A - System for regulating temperature and preserving soil moisture by covering straw and application - Google Patents
System for regulating temperature and preserving soil moisture by covering straw and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system for regulating temperature and preserving soil moisture by covering straws and application, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The system comprises a plurality of coverage areas and a plurality of management areas, wherein the management areas are positioned among the coverage areas, and the coverage areas comprise: the straw segment layer, and cover straw layer and firm layer in proper order at straw segment layer external surface. The straw cover adopted by the invention effectively isolates soil and atmosphere, reduces solar radiation, regulates the soil temperature, buffers and regulates the extreme change of the soil temperature, and avoids the influence of large temperature change on the sprouting and flowering and normal growth and development of apples. Straw covers and reduces the earth's surface and exposes, forms one and connects and hold the precipitation layer above soil, avoids forming the surface runoff during precipitation, increases the precipitation utilization ratio, prevents the direct irradiation of sunshine to ground simultaneously, reduces the evaporation of water, improves the utilization ratio of watering. In addition, after the straws are rotted and degraded, organic matters in the soil can be effectively supplemented and improved, and the soil fertility is improved. Is suitable for large-area popularization and application in mountain apple orchard in northern Shaanxi.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a temperature-regulating and soil-moisture-preserving system covered by straws and application thereof.
Background
Northern Shaanxi is in the north of loess plateau. The unique flavor of the apple in northern Shaanxi is created by the advantages of natural conditions such as high sea level, thick soil layer, good ventilation, long illumination time, large day-night temperature difference and the like. By 2018, the planting area of the apples in the northern Shaanxi mountain reaches 280 ten thousand mu, and the method is an important production area of the apple industry in China. The apple area in the northern Shaanxi mountain is mainly located in arid and semi-arid areas, and rainfall is less and uneven; the soil in the area is mainly weathered loess which is soft and easy to erode, and high-density planting and ultra-high yield predatory operation are carried out for many years, so that the soil structure is damaged, the fertilizer utilization efficiency is low, the fertilizer retention capacity is poor, organic matters in the soil are rapidly reduced, the water retention performance of the soil is low, and the poor water and fertilizer conditions become one of the main factors limiting the development of the apple industry in the area.
In addition, in spring, the cyclone activities are very frequent, the weather is changeable, the climate change is abnormal, and the disastrous weather frequently occurs. The late spring cold injury often occurs from the bottom of 3 months to the early middle ten days of 4 months every year, at the moment, the fruit trees sprout at the flowering phase and before and after the flowering phase of the positive value apples, the phenomena of frozen buds (the frozen buds of the flowers turn black) and frozen flowers (the stigma can be frozen to influence pollination and fertilization) are easy to occur, the flowering and pollination and fruit setting of the fruit trees are directly influenced, great damage is caused to the fruit trees, and the yield and the quality are seriously influenced.
Therefore, how to effectively adjust the temperature and preserve the soil moisture is a problem that needs to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a system for adjusting temperature and preserving soil moisture by covering straws and an application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a system for adjusting temperature and preserving soil moisture by covering straws comprises: a plurality of coverage areas 1 and a plurality of management areas 2, wherein the management areas 2 are located between the coverage areas 1, and the coverage areas 1 comprise: the straw section layer 8, and the straw layer 7 and the firm layer 4 that cover in proper order on the straw section layer 8 surface.
According to the invention, the straw is divided into the straw sections and the complete straw for covering, so that a water receiving, storing and descending layer is formed, surface runoff is prevented from being formed during rainfall, and the utilization rate of the rainfall is increased; meanwhile, the direct irradiation of sunlight on the ground is prevented, the ground wind speed is reduced, and the soil evaporation is reduced; after irrigation is carried out by adopting a drip irrigation mode, the irrigation utilization rate can be improved, and the soil moisture preservation effect is good.
The optimum growth temperature of the root system of the fruit tree is 15-25 ℃, and when the soil temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the root system stops growing, thus influencing the normal development of the fruit tree. Particularly, the day and night temperature difference of the apple production areas in the northern Shaanxi mountain is large, the surface soil temperature in the noon in summer can reach 38 ℃ at most, and the straw covering in summer can effectively reduce the soil temperature and ensure the normal growth and development of apple trees.
Preferably: the straw segment layer 8 is composed of straw segments; the length of the straw segments is 1-3 cm, the diameter of the straw segments is 1-2 cm, and the covering thickness of the straw segments is 5-7 cm.
Preferably: the straw layer 7 is made of straw; the corn straw is 120-150 cm in length, 1-2 cm in diameter and 3-5 cm in coverage thickness.
Preferably: the stabilizing layer 4 is a fiber mesh layer, the diameter of meshes is 5-7 cm, and the stabilizing layer 4 is arranged between trees.
A fiber net layer is covered above the straw layer, specifically a nylon net, so that under the condition that the straw is fully contacted with the soil, the straw is ensured to be stably covered and not blown away by wind. The organic matter content of the soil is effectively increased after the straws are rotten and degraded, and the soil fertility is increased. Meanwhile, the straw coverage effectively inhibits the growth of weeds in the orchard, and avoids the water and fertilizer competition between the weeds and fruit trees.
Preferably: the width of the management area 2 is 0.6-0.8 m.
Preferably: the straw segment layers 8 cover the two sides of the tree row, the covering width of one side is 110-130 cm, and the covering width of the straw layer 7 is matched with that of the straw segment layers 8.
Preferably: still include drip irrigation system, drip irrigation system includes: a water supply pipe 3 and a plurality of drip irrigation pipes 6, wherein the water supply pipe 3 is vertically connected with the plurality of drip irrigation pipes 6.
The drip irrigation pipes are located at the bottom of the straw section layer, the arrangement direction of the drip irrigation pipes is parallel to the tree rows, and the vertical distance between the drip irrigation pipes and the tree rows is 50-70 cm, and the optimal distance is 60 cm.
The straw coverage can effectively promote the small environment of the farmland, but can become a habitat of pests, germs and fungi. Therefore, the straws must be aired in the sun for 3 days before being covered so as to kill pests, germs and fungi in the straws.
The invention also provides application of the straw covering temperature-adjusting and soil moisture-preserving system, and the application of the straw covering temperature-adjusting and soil moisture-preserving system in fruit tree planting is provided.
Preferably: comprises the following steps:
(1) ground finishing: removing weeds on the ground, and flattening the ground, wherein the ground in the coverage area 1 is required to be horizontal and has no slope;
(2) arranging a drip irrigation system: drip irrigation pipes 6 are arranged on two sides of the fruit tree, and the water supply pipe 3 is vertically connected with the drip irrigation pipes 6;
(3) placement of coverage area 1:
(4) after harvesting in autumn, covering the covering area 1;
(5) irrigation:
(51) spring irrigation, in which the soil is defrosted at the end of 3 months or in the beginning of 4 months and then irrigated with the irrigation quota of 0.2m3A/plant;
(52) ordinary irrigation;
(6) and (6) fertilizing.
The spring irrigation can not only provide sufficient moisture for the growth and development of apple trees in the later period, but also play a role in stabilizing the ground temperature.
Preferably: the step (52) is specifically operated as follows: in last ten days of month 5, the water irrigation rate is 0.2m3A/plant; in 6 ten days of the month, the water irrigation rate is 0.2m3A/plant; in 7 ten days of the middle of the month, the water irrigation rate is 0.4m3A/plant; in late 10 months, the water irrigation rate is 0.4m3A plant.
The irrigation limit is tested by experiments and has the best effect.
Preferably: the specific operation of the fertilization in the step (6) is as follows: the water soluble fertilizer is applied by a drip irrigation system, and the fertilization scheme is as follows:
applying 0.4kg of urea, 1.2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.3kg of potassium sulfate to the plants before leaf falling after fruit picking in autumn;
fertilizing urea 0.1 kg/plant from 3 late ten months to 5 early months;
0.1kg of urea is fertilized for each plant from the beginning of 5 months to the late ten days of 5 months;
0.2kg of urea fertilizer and 0.7kg of potassium sulfate in the last 6 th-middle 8 th month.
The fertilizing amount is tested by experiments, the effect is optimal, and the fertilizing amount is too low or too high, which can affect the growth of plants.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the temperature and soil moisture preservation system by using straw coverage and the application thereof, and the technical effects of effectively isolating soil and atmosphere by using straw coverage, reducing solar radiation, effectively adjusting soil temperature, buffering and regulating extreme change of soil temperature, effectively prolonging ground temperature rise in early spring, delaying flowering and sprouting time of fruit trees and avoiding adverse effects on apple germination and flowering caused by large-amplitude temperature change caused by late spring cold and freezing damage are achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of the structure provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side sectional view of a partial structure provided by the present invention.
Wherein, the area comprises 1-coverage area, 2-management area, 3-water supply pipe, 4-stabilizing layer, 5-fruit tree, 6-drip irrigation pipe, 7-corn straw layer and 8-corn straw segment layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a system for regulating temperature and preserving soil moisture by using straw coverage and application.
In the northern areas of Shaanxi, rainfall is less in winter and spring, air is dry, the ignition point of the straw is lower, the fire prevention work of the orchard should be done, and the fire source is forbidden to enter the orchard.
The straw coverage can effectively promote the small environment of the farmland, but can become a habitat of pests, germs and fungi. Therefore, the straws must be aired in the sun for 3 days before being covered so as to kill pests, germs and fungi in the straws.
Selecting a representative mountain apple orchard in northern Shaanxi as a test point. Selecting 8-year-old dwarf medium-maturing variety honey-crisp as an experimental tree, wherein the row spacing of the planted plants is 2 x (3-3.5) m, and the field management of different experimental treatments is kept consistent.
The test site was set in the clear gutter modern agriculture professional cooperative (37 ℃ 16 '12 "N, 110 ℃ 1' 22" E) in the subsidiary county of Ullin, Shanxi province, and the area was divided equally into 5 blocks, 3 of which were operated according to the methods of examples 1-3, and 2 were control groups: comparative examples 1 and 2.
The region belongs to a warm zone semi-humid continental monsoon climate region. The average rainfall for many years is 453.6mm, the average rainfall is mainly concentrated in 7-9 months, the average rainfall accounts for about 70% of the whole year, and the annual average evaporation capacity is 2290 mm. The average temperature of the air is 9.1 ℃ in many years, the hottest month is 8 months, and the average temperature is 21.2 ℃; frost free period 164d, annual sunshine hours 2543.3 h. The altitude of the area is 1100-1200 m, the landform is mainly in hilly gullies, the soil type is mainly yellow-cotton soil, and the volume weight of the soil is 1.41g/cm3The underground water buried depth of the tableland surface is below 150-250 m, and the tableland is a typical suitable growing area for middle-aged and late-aged apples in dry farming.
In order to verify the practical effect of the invention, the following method is adopted for test analysis:
measuring the temperature and humidity of the soil: the volume water content of 0-120 cm soil is measured by using a TRIME-PICO-IPH TDR profile soil water content measuring system, one layer of the soil is 20cm, and the water change is observed once every 15 days or so in the whole growth period. The soil temperature of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25cm 5 soil layers was measured with a right-angle thermometer, and measured 1 time every 15 days (8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00) throughout the entire growth period.
And (3) observing the flowering season: the measurement is carried out from the bud stage of the apple (in the middle of 4 months) to the end of the fruit setting stage (in the last 5 months), and the measurement is carried out once every 10 days. Four main branches are selected from east, south, west and north of each test tree, the flowering phase of the apple flower is divided into five stages of a bud phase, an initial flowering phase, a full flowering phase, a final flowering phase and a fruit setting phase, and the distribution quantity and proportion of the flowering phase of the apple flower are observed.
Measuring the diameter of the young sprout fruit: the east, south, west and north directions of the test tree are selected to measure the young sprout length, and the length is measured by a flexible ruler in the long term (7 middle of the month). The diameter of the fruit is measured by selecting east, south, west and north directions of the test tree, and measuring the diameter by using a vernier caliper in the harvest period (9 th).
Fruit yield and quality determination: and counting the number of the fruits of the single plant after the fruits are ripe, measuring the average single fruit weight, and calculating the yield of the single plant. Randomly selecting 3 apples with normal growth in east, west, south and north directions of a test tree for quality determination, and determining Vc by a molybdenum blue colorimetric method; the soluble sugar is measured by adopting an anthrone colorimetric method; the titratable acid content is determined by adopting a NaOH titration method; the soluble solid is measured by WAY-2S Abbe refractometer.
And (3) measuring the organic matters of the soil: at the end of the growth period, heating-K with an electric sand bath2Cr2O7The method is used for measuring the content of the organic matters in soil of a soil layer of 0-80 cm.
Example 1
The utility model provides an utilize straw cover temperature adjustment soil moisture conservation system, includes 3 overlay areas and 4 management areas, wherein, the management area is located between the overlay area, and the overlay area includes straw segment layer and covers in proper order at straw segment layer surface's straw layer and firm layer.
The straw segment layer is composed of corn straw segments; the length of the corn straw segment is 1cm, the diameter of the corn straw segment is 1cm, and the covering thickness of the corn straw segment is 5 cm.
The straw layer is made of corn straws; the length of the corn straw is 120cm, the diameter is 1cm, and the covering thickness is 3 cm.
The stabilizing layer is a nylon net made of fiber materials; the length of the nylon net is 3m multiplied by 2m, the diameter of the mesh is 5cm, and the nylon net is arranged among trees.
The straw segment layers cover the two sides of the tree row, the covering width of one side is 120cm, and the covering width of the straw layer is matched with that of the straw segment layers.
The width of the management area is 0.6 m.
In addition, the drip irrigation system comprises 1 water supply pipe and 6 drip irrigation pipes, wherein the water supply pipe is arranged perpendicular to the tree rows and is vertically connected with the drip irrigation pipes; the drip irrigation pipes are positioned at the bottom of the straw segment layer, and the arrangement direction of the drip irrigation pipes is parallel to the tree rows.
The drip irrigation pipe is at a vertical distance of 60cm from the tree row (see fig. 1).
Comprises the following steps:
(1) ground finishing: removing weeds on the ground, leveling the ground, and ensuring that the ground in a covering area is horizontal and has no slope, so that the straws or straw sections are uniformly covered in the later period;
(2) arranging a drip irrigation system: drip irrigation pipes are arranged on two sides of the fruit tree, and the water supply pipe is vertically connected with the drip irrigation pipes.
(3) The arrangement of the coverage areas: (ii) a
(4) After harvesting in autumn, covering the straws;
(5) irrigation:
(51) spring irrigation, irrigation is carried out after the soil is thawed at the end of 3 months, and the irrigation quota is 0.2m3A/plant;
(52) ordinary irrigation:
in last ten days of month 5, the water irrigation rate is 0.2m3A/plant;
in 6 ten days of the month, the water irrigation rate is 0.2m3A/plant;
in 7 ten days of the middle of the month, the water irrigation rate is 0.4m3A/plant;
in late 10 months, the water irrigation rate is 0.4m3A/plant;
(6) fertilizing: the water soluble fertilizer is applied by a drip irrigation system, and the fertilization scheme is as follows:
applying 0.4kg of urea, 1.2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.3kg of potassium sulfate to the plants before leaf falling after fruit picking in autumn;
fertilizing urea 0.1 kg/plant from 3 late ten months to 5 early months;
0.1kg of urea is fertilized for each plant from the beginning of 5 months to the late ten days of 5 months;
0.2kg of urea fertilizer and 0.7kg of potassium sulfate in the last 6 th-middle 8 th month.
Example 2
The utility model provides an utilize straw cover temperature adjustment soil moisture conservation system, includes 3 overlay areas and 4 management areas, wherein, the management area is located between the overlay area, and the overlay area includes straw segment layer and covers in proper order at straw segment layer surface's straw layer and firm layer.
The straw segment layer is composed of corn straw segments; the length of the corn straw segment is 2cm, the diameter is 1cm, and the covering thickness is 6 cm.
The straw layer is made of corn straws; the length of the corn straw is 130cm, the diameter is 1.5cm, and the covering thickness is 4 cm.
The stabilizing layer is a nylon net made of fiber materials; the length of the nylon net is 3m multiplied by 2m, the diameter of the mesh is 6cm, and the nylon net is arranged among the trees.
The straw segment layers cover the two sides of the tree row, the covering width of one side is 110cm, and the covering width of the straw layer is matched with that of the straw segment layers.
The width of the management area is 0.7 m.
In addition, the drip irrigation system comprises 1 water supply pipe and 6 drip irrigation pipes, wherein the water supply pipe is arranged perpendicular to the tree rows and is vertically connected with the drip irrigation pipes; the drip irrigation pipes are positioned at the bottom of the straw segment layer, and the arrangement direction of the drip irrigation pipes is parallel to the tree rows.
The drip irrigation pipe is 50cm perpendicular to the tree row.
Comprises the following steps:
(1) ground finishing: removing weeds on the ground, leveling the ground, and ensuring that the ground in a covering area is horizontal and has no slope, so that the straws or straw sections are uniformly covered in the later period;
(2) arranging a drip irrigation system: drip irrigation pipes are arranged on two sides of the fruit tree, and the water supply pipe is vertically connected with the drip irrigation pipes.
(3) The arrangement of the coverage areas: (ii) a
(4) After harvesting in autumn, covering the straws;
(5) irrigation:
(51) spring irrigation, irrigation is carried out after the soil is thawed at the end of 3 months, and the irrigation quota is 0.2m3A/plant;
(52) ordinary irrigation:
in last ten days of month 5, the water irrigation rate is 0.2m3A/plant;
in 6 ten days of the month, the water irrigation rate is 0.2m3A/plant;
in 7 ten days of the middle of the month, the water irrigation rate is 0.4m3A/plant;
in late 10 months, the water irrigation rate is 0.4m3A/plant;
(6) fertilizing: the water soluble fertilizer is applied by a drip irrigation system, and the fertilization scheme is as follows:
applying 0.4kg of urea, 1.2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.3kg of potassium sulfate to the plants before leaf falling after fruit picking in autumn;
fertilizing urea 0.1 kg/plant from 3 late ten months to 5 early months;
0.1kg of urea is fertilized for each plant from the beginning of 5 months to the late ten days of 5 months;
0.2kg of urea fertilizer and 0.7kg of potassium sulfate in the last 6 th-middle 8 th month.
Example 3
The utility model provides an utilize straw cover temperature adjustment soil moisture conservation system, includes 3 overlay areas and 4 management areas, wherein, the management area is located between the overlay area, and the overlay area includes straw segment layer and covers in proper order at straw segment layer surface's straw layer and firm layer.
The straw segment layer is composed of corn straw segments; the length of the corn straw segment is 3cm, the diameter is 2cm, and the covering thickness is 7 cm.
The straw layer is made of corn straws; the length of the corn straw is 150cm, the diameter is 2cm, and the covering thickness is 5 cm.
The stabilizing layer is a nylon net made of fiber materials; the length of the nylon net is 3m multiplied by 2m, the diameter of the mesh is 7cm, and the nylon net is arranged among trees.
The straw segment layers cover the two sides of the tree row, the covering width of one side is 130cm, and the covering width of the straw layer is matched with that of the straw segment layers.
The width of the management area is 0.8 m.
In addition, the drip irrigation system comprises 1 water supply pipe and 6 drip irrigation pipes, wherein the water supply pipe is arranged perpendicular to the tree rows and is vertically connected with the drip irrigation pipes; the drip irrigation pipes are positioned at the bottom of the straw segment layer, and the arrangement direction of the drip irrigation pipes is parallel to the tree rows.
The drip irrigation pipe is at a vertical distance of 70cm from the tree row.
Comprises the following steps:
(1) ground finishing: removing weeds on the ground, leveling the ground, and ensuring that the ground in a covering area is horizontal and has no slope, so that the straws or straw sections are uniformly covered in the later period;
(2) arranging a drip irrigation system: drip irrigation pipes are arranged on two sides of the fruit tree, and the water supply pipe is vertically connected with the drip irrigation pipes.
(3) The arrangement of the coverage areas: (ii) a
(4) After harvesting in autumn, covering the straws;
(5) irrigation:
(51) spring irrigation, irrigation is carried out after the soil is thawed at the end of 3 months, and the irrigation quota is 0.2m3A/plant;
(52) ordinary irrigation:
in last ten days of month 5, the water irrigation rate is 0.2m3A/plant;
in 6 ten days of the month, the water irrigation rate is 0.2m3A/plant;
in 7 ten days of the middle of the month, the water irrigation rate is 0.4m3A/plant;
in late 10 months, the water irrigation rate is 0.4m3A/plant;
(6) fertilizing: the water soluble fertilizer is applied by a drip irrigation system, and the fertilization scheme is as follows:
applying 0.4kg of urea, 1.2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.3kg of potassium sulfate to the plants before leaf falling after fruit picking in autumn;
fertilizing urea 0.1 kg/plant from 3 late ten months to 5 early months;
0.1kg of urea is fertilized for each plant from the beginning of 5 months to the late ten days of 5 months;
0.2kg of urea fertilizer and 0.7kg of potassium sulfate in the last 6 th-middle 8 th month.
Comparative example 1
And in the control group, selecting a zone of the orchard without any intervention, and performing blank control.
Results (taking the average of the results of examples 1-3) and analysis compared to comparative example 1:
in the embodiment 1 to 3, the average soil water content of 0 to 120cm soil layers in the growth period is increased by 3.8 percent, the average soil water content of 0 to 40cm soil layers is increased by 4.6 percent, and the average soil water content of 0 to 40cm soil layers after 3 days of irrigation is increased by 5.9 percent. The average soil temperature of the examples 1-3 is reduced by 3.9 ℃ in the germination and flowering period (ten days of 4-5 months), and the average soil temperature is reduced by 5.4 ℃ in summer (7-9 months). The maximum average temperature of a 0-25 cm soil layer covered by the straws in summer is 24.7 ℃, while the maximum temperature of a 0-25 cm soil layer in the comparative example 1 is 36.3 ℃.
The whole growth period of the embodiments 1 to 3 reduces the daily variation coefficient of the soil temperature by 36 to 62 percent. Flowering season: day 22 in 4 months, comparative example 1, 22% of the flowers were in the initial flowering phase, 69% of the flowers were in the bud phase, while examples 1-3 averaged 13% of the flowers in the initial flowering phase, 83% of the flowers in the bud phase; 4 months and 30 days, in the comparative example 1, 77% of the flowers are in the full-bloom stage, 6% of the flowers are in the initial-bloom stage, while in the examples 1-3, 61% of the flowers are in the full-bloom stage and 20% of the flowers are in the initial-bloom stage on average; on day 9.5, comparative example 1, 68% of the flowers were in the flowering phase and 24% of the flowers were in the terminal flowering phase, whereas examples 1-3 averaged 38% of the flowers and 55% of the flowers were in the flowering phase. Examples 1-3 the use of straw cover effectively delayed the flowering phase of apples. Young shoots and fruit diameters: examples 1-3 mean an increase in shoot length of 8%. The fruit diameter has no significant change.
Fruit yield and quality: in examples 1-3, the number of fruits is increased by 21% on average, the yield is increased by 19%, and the weight of a single fruit has no significant change compared with that of a control. In the aspect of fruit quality, the soluble solid is averagely improved by 8.4 percent, and VC, soluble sugar and titratable acid have no significant change compared with the comparative example 1.
Soil organic matter: in examples 1 to 3, the organic matter content of 0 to 80cm soil is increased by 25.9% on average, and the organic matter content of 0 to 40cm soil is increased by 36.8% on average.
In conclusion, the embodiments 1 to 3 improve the physicochemical properties of the orchard soil, the trees grow well, and the yield and the economic benefit of fruits can be effectively improved.
Comparative example 2
The difference with embodiment 2 lies in not setting up the straw segment layer, directly covers straw layer and firm layer on driping irrigation the pipe, specifically is:
the utility model provides an utilize straw cover temperature regulation soil moisture conservation system, includes 3 footprints and 4 administrative regions, wherein, the administrative region is located between the footprints, and the footprints include straw layer and firm layer.
The straw layer is made of corn straws; the length of the corn straw is 130cm, the diameter is 1.5cm, and the covering thickness is 10 cm.
The stabilizing layer is a nylon net made of fiber materials; the length of the nylon net is 3m multiplied by 2m, the diameter of the mesh is 6cm, and the nylon net is arranged among the trees.
The straw layer covers both sides of the tree row, and the covering width of one side is 120 cm.
The width of the management area is 0.7 m.
In addition, the drip irrigation system comprises 1 water supply pipe and 6 drip irrigation pipes, wherein the water supply pipe is arranged perpendicular to the tree rows and is vertically connected with the drip irrigation pipes; the drip irrigation pipes are positioned at the bottom of the straw layer, and the arrangement direction is parallel to the tree rows.
The drip irrigation pipe is 60cm perpendicular to the tree row.
Comprises the following steps:
(1) ground finishing: removing weeds on the ground, leveling the ground, and ensuring that the ground in a covering area is horizontal and has no slope, so that the straws are uniformly covered in the later period;
(2) arranging a drip irrigation system: drip irrigation pipes are arranged on two sides of the fruit tree, and the water supply pipe is vertically connected with the drip irrigation pipes.
(3) The arrangement of the coverage areas: (ii) a
(4) After harvesting in autumn, covering the straws;
(5) irrigation:
(51) spring irrigation, wherein the soil is irrigated after being thawed in the early 4 months until the water capacity of the field is 80 percent;
(52) ordinary irrigation:
in last ten days of month 5, the water irrigation rate is 0.2m3A/plant;
in 6 ten days of the month, the water irrigation rate is 0.2m3A/plant;
in 7 ten days of the middle of the month, the water irrigation rate is 0.4m3A/plant;
in late 10 months, the water irrigation rate is 0.4m3A/plant;
(6) fertilizing: the water soluble fertilizer is applied by a drip irrigation system, and the fertilization scheme is as follows:
applying 0.4kg of urea, 1.2kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.3kg of potassium sulfate to the plants before leaf falling after fruit picking in autumn;
fertilizing urea 0.1 kg/plant from 3 late ten months to 5 early months;
0.1kg of urea is fertilized for each plant from the beginning of 5 months to the late ten days of 5 months;
0.2kg of urea fertilizer and 0.7kg of potassium sulfate in the last 6 th-middle 8 th month.
Compared to comparative example 2, experimental results (averaged results for examples 1-3) and analysis:
in the embodiment 1-3, the average soil water content of 0-120 cm soil layer in the growth period is increased by 1.7%, the average soil water content of 0-40 cm soil layer is increased by 2.6%, and the average soil water content of 0-40 cm soil layer after 3 days of irrigation is increased by 3.1%.
The whole growth period of the embodiments 1 to 3 reduces the daily variation coefficient of the soil temperature by 14 to 28 percent.
The flowering season in examples 1 to 3 did not significantly change.
Young shoots and fruit diameters: examples 1-3 mean an increase in shoot length of 3.7%. The fruit diameter has no significant change.
Fruit yield and quality: in examples 1-3, the number of fruits is averagely increased by 7%, the yield is increased by 10%, and the weight of a single fruit has no significant change compared with that of a control.
In the aspect of fruit quality, the soluble solid is averagely improved by 2.7 percent, the soluble sugar is improved by 4.7 percent, and VC and titratable acid have no significant change.
Soil organic matter: in examples 1 to 3, the organic matter content of soil layers 0 to 80cm is improved by 13.6% on average, and the organic matter content of soil layers 0 to 40cm is improved by 18.7% on average.
To sum up, compared with comparative example 2, examples 1-3 can ensure that the straw covering layer is in close contact with the soil, accelerate the decomposition of straw decay, promote the soil water and fertilizer conditions, and effectively promote the yield and economic benefits of fruits.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an utilize straw cover temperature regulation soil moisture conservation system which characterized in that includes: a number of coverage areas (1) and a number of management areas (2), wherein the management areas (2) are located between the coverage areas (1), the coverage areas (1) comprising: the straw section layer (8), and the straw layer (7) and the stabilizing layer (4) which are sequentially covered on the outer surface of the straw section layer (8).
2. The system for controlling temperature and preserving soil moisture by covering with straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the layer of straw segments (8) is made of straw segments; the length of the straw segments is 1-3 cm, the diameter of the straw segments is 1-2 cm, and the covering thickness of the straw segments is 5-7 cm.
3. The system for adjusting temperature and preserving soil moisture by covering with straw as claimed in claim 2, wherein the straw layer (7) is made of straw; the corn straw is 120-150 cm in length, 1-2 cm in diameter and 3-5 cm in coverage thickness.
4. The system for adjusting temperature and preserving soil moisture by covering with straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stabilizing layer (4) is a fiber mesh layer, the diameter of the mesh is 5-7 cm, and the stabilizing layer (4) is arranged between trees.
5. The system for adjusting temperature and preserving soil moisture by using straw mulching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the management area (2) is 0.6-0.8 m.
6. The system for adjusting temperature and preserving soil moisture by covering with straws as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the straw segment layer (8) covers both sides of the tree row, the covering width of one side is 110-130 cm, and the covering width of the straw layer (7) is matched with that of the straw segment layer (8).
7. The system for controlling temperature and preserving soil moisture by covering straw as claimed in claim 6, further comprising: a drip irrigation system comprising: a water supply pipe (3) and a plurality of drip irrigation pipes (6), wherein the water supply pipe (3) is vertically connected with the drip irrigation pipes (6).
8. The application of the system for regulating temperature and preserving soil moisture by covering straws as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 in fruit tree planting.
9. The application of the system for covering, regulating temperature and preserving soil moisture by using straws is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) ground finishing: removing weeds on the ground, and leveling the ground, wherein the ground covered by the area (1) is required to be horizontal and has no slope;
(2) arranging a drip irrigation system;
(3) arrangement of the coverage areas (1);
(4) after harvesting in autumn, covering the covering area (1);
(5) irrigation:
(51) spring irrigation, in which the soil is defrosted at the end of 3 months or in the beginning of 4 months and then irrigated with the irrigation quota of 0.2m3A/plant;
(52) ordinary irrigation;
(6) and (6) fertilizing.
10. The application of the straw mulching temperature-adjusting and soil moisture preserving system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the step (52) is specifically operated as follows: in last ten days of month 5, the water irrigation rate is 0.2m3A/plant; in 6 ten days of the month, the water irrigation rate is 0.2m3A/plant; in 7 ten days of the middle of the month, the water irrigation rate is 0.4m3A/plant; in late 10 months, the water irrigation rate is 0.4m3A plant.
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Cited By (1)
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