CN101720615B - Synergism planting technology for retarding and being suitable for climate change in north droughty area - Google Patents
Synergism planting technology for retarding and being suitable for climate change in north droughty area Download PDFInfo
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- CN101720615B CN101720615B CN 200910220318 CN200910220318A CN101720615B CN 101720615 B CN101720615 B CN 101720615B CN 200910220318 CN200910220318 CN 200910220318 CN 200910220318 A CN200910220318 A CN 200910220318A CN 101720615 B CN101720615 B CN 101720615B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a synergism planting technology for retarding and being suitable for climate change in a north droughty area. A variety with a long growth period is selected, the soil is not turned up after autumn harvest, and the soil is fixed through the winter by roots of crops in the previous year; the sowing row distance adopts a wide and narrow row, and a growth adjusting agent is sprayed to carry out adjustment and control in the growth period; and the crops are selected from middle-short stalk crops with straight stalks, such as millet, soybean, and the like. In the method, the crop roots fix the soil through the winter and can strengthen the water storage and retention capability of the soil, and the field microclimate is improved by adjusting the row distance of the crops; and the invention controls the growth and development of plants by the growth adjusting agent, improves the interaction relation of the plants and the environment, strengthens the stress resistant capability of the crops and improves the field of the crops. The application of the method can improve the capability for being suitable for the climate change of agriculture in an ecological fragile area, is an effective approach for realizing sustainable development of the agriculture of the north droughty area, and plays an important role of improving social, economic and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to the culture technique of a kind of crops, is a kind of crop genetics method that adapts to northern drought-hit area specifically.
Background technology is according to country's national agricultural census key data for the second time, by 2006 in the 18.27 hundred million mu of arable areas in the whole nation, the nonirrigated farmland area accounts for 55.1%, is distributed in 16 provinces (city, autonomous region), is mostly the poverty-stricken area, ecotope is relatively more fragile.Under the Global climate change overall background, these region temperatures generally raise, and the harmful odds of non-irrigated, damage caused by waterlogging is all in rising trend, and wherein arid odds rises particularly remarkable.Along with arid aggravation and agricultural irrigation water ratio in whole water resource assignment reduce, it is significant to the future of agriculture and sustainable development to carry out drought-hit area agrotechnique research.Nonirrigated farmland plantation for a long time is to wait the rain sowing, and the peasant is often compelled to select breeding time short crop varieties to plant, and the short kind breeding time variety yield longer than breeding time is low; Existing cultivation management method is to plough in the autumn; It is beneficial if any autumn rain, winter snows to be retained and conserved soil moisture in the farmland like this, but existing northern arid is serious day by day, not only anhydrous holding; The strong wind in autumn, winter causes soil wind erosion, and the soil moisture loss is more serious.Often cause the underproduction even No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity because of arid.The planting technology pattern that lacks the effectively extensive operation of system on producing at present.
Summary of the invention the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of northern drought-hit area to slow down and acclimatization variation synergy planting technology, adopts present technique can reduce soil wind erosion and water erosion effectively, strengthens the soil water storage soil moisture conservation; Improve the field microclimate environment, enhancing crop anti-adversity ability, cost-saving synergistic; Improve crop yield; Effectively evade the casualty loss that arid is caused, improve the ecologically fragile areas agricultural ability to ward off risks, for northern drought-hit area agricultural realizes that sustainable development provides a kind of approach.
Technical scheme of the present invention is made up of following steps:
1, selects long kind breeding time,, increase by 7～10 days ripe phases of definite crop varieties on the basis in the breeding time of routine saturating rain time according to falling spring;
2, do not plough after the autumn harvest, utilize the 1 year solid soil of crop root residue to survive the winter;
3, spacing in the rows and the density of sowing crop spring are all by traditional cultivation method, and distance is different between per two row of crop, between two row apart from 40cm, between two row and two row apart from being 50～60cm;
4, growth course regulation and control, crop gets into the shooting stage, sprays growth regulator, regulates and control;
5, crop is chosen as the upright middle short-stalked crops of stem stalk such as millet, soybean.
The concrete scheme of this method is:
1, selects long kind of crop growth phase,, increase by 7～10 days ripe phases of definite crop varieties on the basis in the breeding time of routine saturating rain time according to falling spring;
2, sowing: toothing is survived the winter behind the last one year crop harvesting; Spring based on the rainfall situation, at the beginning of 5 months-optimum period early June sows, and directly pushes up the stubble sowing with no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine; Depth of planting is 5-7cm; Thickness of earth covering is 4-6cm, broadcasts the back suppression, before broadcasting the arable land is dragged one time; To overwhelm the root stubble; Guarantee seeding quality or use the direct rotary tillage sowing of rotary sowing machine, depth of planting is 4-6cm, and thickness of earth covering is 3-5cm;
3, seeding quantity: every mu of 0.25-0.5kg of millet, every mu of 4kg of soybean;
4, fertilising: spring organic fertilizer 2500kg/ mu, base fertilizer is executed diammonium phosphate 15kg/ mu, imposes urea 15kg/ mu in conjunction with seedling management;
5, seeding row spacing: tradition plantation line-spacing 45cm, the present technique pattern is 40: the big micro-ridge of 50-60cm; Distance is different between per two row of crop, and apart from 40cm, distance is 50～60cm between two row and two row between two row.
6, a final singling: the disposable final singling of 4-5 leaf, the spacing in the rows of seeding crops is pressed the traditional cultivation method, density of reserved seedlings: nonirrigated farmland, millet mountain mu stays seedling 2.0-2.5 ten thousand strains, and seedling 2.5-3.0 ten thousand strains are stayed on more fertile non-irrigated level land, every mu of 0.9-1.1 of soybean ten thousand strains;
7, intertill and clean tillage: combine for the first time that final singling is shallow weeds, clear ridge carries out dark time before the jointing for the second time, helps root system and pricks deeply, increases the root water uptake scope;
8, growth course regulation and control: begin to spray the green He Gerun of protecting of growth regulator in the crop entering shooting stage, the green consumption that protects is that 3g/ mu, lattice profit are 50g/ mu, and two kinds of growth regulator consumptions reduce by half for the first time, carry out once continuous three times at most in every separated 7-10 days.
The invention has the advantages that: this method can strengthen the soil water storage soil moisture conservation, improves the ecological environment, and the enhancing crop anti-adversity ability improves crop yield.The solid soil of crop root residue is survived the winter, and minimizing strong wind autumn and winter causes soil wind erosion, strengthens the soil water storage soil moisture conservation.Through distance between the adjustment crop row, wide row increases ventilation and penetrating light, the edge effect of performance crop, and narrow row increases face of land cover degree, and control ground weed growth reduces surface temperature, reduces ground, field water evaporates, and the field microclimate environment is improved.And utilize the growth regulator optimum period that crop is carried out the adjusting and controlling growth intervention, and the g and D of controlling plant improves the mutual of plant and environment and concerns, and the anti-adversity ability of enhancing crop can suitably adopt long kind breeding time, improves output.This method also is fit to large tracts of land mechanized, cost-saving synergistic.The application of this method can improve the ability that ecologically fragile areas agricultural acclimatization changes, and is the effective way that northern drought-hit area agricultural realizes sustainable development, plays an important role to improving society, economy and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
1, selects long kind of crop growth phase,, increase 7-10 days in the breeding time of routine on the basis and confirm the ripe phase of crop varieties according to fall spring saturating rain time;
2, sowing: toothing is survived the winter behind the last one year crop harvesting; Spring based on the rainfall situation; At the beginning of 5 months-optimum period early June sows; A kind of is that no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine directly pushes up the stubble sowing, and depth of planting is 5-7cm, and thickness of earth covering is 4-6cm; Broadcast the back suppression; Before broadcasting the arable land is dragged one time,, guarantee seeding quality to overwhelm the root stubble; Or use the direct rotary tillage sowing of rotary sowing machine, and depth of planting is 4-6cm, thickness of earth covering is 3-5cm;
3, seeding quantity: every mu of 0.25-0.5kg of millet, every mu of 4kg of soybean;
4, fertilising: spring organic fertilizer 2500kg/ mu, base fertilizer is executed diammonium phosphate 15kg/ mu, imposes urea 15kg/ mu in conjunction with seedling management;
5, seeding row spacing: tradition plantation line-spacing 45cm, the present technique pattern is 40: the big micro-ridge of 50-60cm; Distance is different between per two row of crop, and apart from 40cm, distance is 50-60cm between two row and two row between two row.
6, a final singling: the disposable final singling of 4-5 leaf, the spacing in the rows of seeding crops is pressed the traditional cultivation method; Density of reserved seedlings: nonirrigated farmland, millet mountain mu stays seedling 2.0-2.5 ten thousand strains, and seedling 2.5-3.0 ten thousand strains are stayed on more fertile non-irrigated level land, every mu of 0.9-1.1 of soybean ten thousand strains;
7, intertill and clean tillage: under the sufficient situation of labour, advocate artificial shovel grass, combine that final singling is shallow weeds for the first time, clear ridge carries out dark time before the jointing for the second time, helps root system and pricks deeply, increases the root water uptake scope;
8, growth course regulation and control: begin to spray the green He Gerun of protecting of growth regulator in the crop entering shooting stage, the green consumption that protects is that 3g/ mu, lattice profit are 50g/ mu, and two kinds of growth regulator consumptions reduce by half for the first time, carry out once in every separated 7-10 days, and spray is three times at most continuously.
The green He Gerun of protecting of growth regulator is commercially available product.
The inventive method field trial
Test regional overview: the test place is Songshan District Wu San township in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, be positioned at 42 ° 01 of north latitude ', 117 ° 49 of east longitude '.The experiment and demonstration field is Chifeng City agriculture and animal husbandry research institute proving ground.About local mean annual precipitation 400mm, wherein, summer, precipitation accounted for 72% of annual precipitation, accounted for 13.2% and 14.2% respectively in spring, autumn, and only account for 1.4% winter, and mean temperature is more than 7 ℃ in recent years.Mostly agriculture soil is sandy loam, and soil organic matter content is about 1%.
The experimental field situation: 17 mu of experimental field areas, experimental field preceding stubble is a corn.
Trial array: the Da Qu pairing method is adopted in test, does not establish the field and repeats, and test kind of a plant is no less than 8 row, surveys to produce and waits representative 3 investigation of investigation choosing, gets 20m at every
2
Crop varieties: kind selects for use the locality to promote mainly wide kind.
1, Different Crop is to the suitability screening of present technique pattern.
Utilize present technique pattern and conventional method plantation millet, soybean, in the fall actual measurement is carried out in the crop yield of difference kind method for planting.Process multi-site determination concrete outcome: the average product of millet tradition plantation is 238.34 kilograms/mu; 280.36 kilograms/mu of present technique pattern plantation output average out to; Increase by 42.02 kilograms/mu than traditional cultivation method output, amounting to economic well-being of workers and staff increases by 134.46 yuan/mu; 114.54 kilograms/mu of the output average out to of soybean tradition plantation, 127.06 kilograms/mu of present technique pattern output average out to increase by 12.52 kilograms/mu than traditional cultivation method output, and amounting to increases by 45.07 yuan/mu of economics well-being of workers and staff (seeing Table 1).The millet effect is the most remarkable.
Table 1 present technique pattern and conventional method plantation production benefit comparison sheet
2, the field microclimate situation of present technique pattern is carried out measurement Research, the field microclimate environment improves.
On August 4th, 2009,, simultaneously field microclimate environment and atmospheric environment are measured with the agriculture environmental monitoring appearance in Songshan District Chifeng, Chifeng city agriculture and animal husbandry research institute experiment soy bean test field, base.
(1) the field intensity of illumination is measured situation.
Having carried out crop field intensity of illumination measures; Measurement result is: the present technique pattern has reduced 26.78lx than the face of land, traditional cultivation method field intensity of illumination; Reduced by 56.45% (seeing table 2) relatively, this explanation present technique pattern field crops leaf growth is vigorous, increases face of land cover degree; Blade photosynthesis in great numbers strengthens, and the light quantity that sees through blade reduces.The light that sees through blade is many to be absorbed and the raising soil temperature by ground, and the soil release heat improves temperature in the crop group again, increases plant respiration, unfavorable dry-matter accumulation.So the present technique pattern not only improves utility rate of luminous energy, also reduce the rising and the soil surface water evaporates of surface temperature, reduced the temperature in the crop group, favourable plant growth.The temperature of arid area crop growth environment, relative moisture maintenance certain limit help crop and carry out photosynthesis; Keeping the breathing of crop normal physiological function, reduce the temperature of crop group as far as possible, breathe to reduce crop; Increase dry-matter accumulation, improve output.
Table 2 the inventive method and contrast field intensity of illumination comparison sheet unit: lx
| Measurement point | Tradition plantation field ground surface | The present technique pattern plantation face of land, field | Present technique pattern tradition plantation reduces (percentage) |
| 1 | 45.5 | 17.4 | |
| 2 | 46.5 | 22.2 | |
| 3 | 45.7 | 20.4 | |
| 4 | 49.3 | 20.7 | |
| 5 | 50.2 | 22.6 | |
| Mean value | 47.44 | 20.66 | 26.78(56.45％) |
(2) on August 4th, 2009; With the place temperature, relative humidity measurement interpretation of result are shown simultaneously; The field temperature of present technique pattern is minimum; Be 30.78 ℃, hang down 1.9 ℃, 4.46 ℃ respectively than tradition plantation field and atmospheric environment temperature, and relative moisture increase by 4.4 and 13.74 (seeing table 3) respectively than tradition plantation field and atmospheric environment.
Most of crop normal growth temperature are at 15--32 ℃, and the dry land preference temperature is at 25-30 ℃.Within the specific limits, along with temperature raises, the crop respiratory intensity increases, up to about 40 ℃.Respiratory intensity is too high, influences the accumulation of crop dry matter.Drought and water shortage does to take place in the object a series of reaction, wherein receives to suppress the most remarkable with photosynthesis decline and growth.Photosynthesis weakens, and the phase that retains of leaf shortens, and Lao Ye is at first withered and yellow, and leaf elongation growth speed becomes very slowly even stop, and the flap area reduces rapidly, causes output to descend at last.The present technique pattern has been improved field temperature, humidity environment effectively, favourable plant growth.
Table 3 the present invention and contrast field temperature, humidity situation contrast table
3, growth regulator is to crop developmental process and the research of yield effect effect.
According to crop field growing situation, spray growth regulator and regulate and control.Before crop gets into jointing, whenever carried out once continuous three times at most at a distance from 7～10 days.Use growth regulator, low-consuming, instant effect, and can reduce pedo relict and pollute.Growth regulator can improve the mutual of plant and environment and concern, the anti-adversity ability of enhancing crop improves crop yield.Spray growth regulator plot millet high temperature resistance arid ability and strengthen, the blade time-to-live in autumn will prolong tens days than tradition plantation plot, and the millet plot of tradition plantation early ageing occurs because of arid.Historical rare severe drought appearred in Chifeng area in 2009, the serious underproduction in most of nonirrigated farmland or No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity.With the peasant household of this test place areal, the sowing same period, the millet production field of same kind; Grain 935kg is received on 30 mu of ground altogether; Amount to output 31.17kg/ mu, and spray 9 mu of experimental field of growth regulator, average yield is a 48.91kg/ mu; Overcharge grain 17.74kg/ mu than the tradition plantation, add that every mu of income of millet straw income differs 64.57 yuan (seeing table 4).
Table 4 growth regulator is to crop yield impact effect (Kg/ mu)
4, cost-saving synergistic research
Result of the test shows; This technology mode adapts to climatic variation and to slow down the drought impact effect remarkable, through few no-tillage technology and mechanization sowing, more than saving operation 2 roads; Save about 65 yuan of costs for every mu, large tracts of land is promoted can produce huge economy, ecology and social benefit.
Table 5 the inventive method and contrast cost-saving synergistic information slip (millet) (/ mu)
| Operation | Tradition plantation (CK) | The inventive method | This method is than tradition plantation (CK) |
| Sowing | Hour/mu 0.5 (fertilising, some seed) | Be less than 0.25 hour/mu (mechanical fertilization sowing one) | Efficient is enhanced about more than once, and can save two and be roughly equal to 5 yuan when artificial |
| Grain weight | 0.5-0.75 kilogram | 0.25--0.5 kilogram | Can practice thrift about 5 yuan |
| Thinning | 1 manual work | 0.25 it is artificial | Economize 37.5 yuan of expensess of labour |
| Intertillage | The shovel, weed (2), time | The shovel, time | Economize 2 procedures, practice thrift more than 20 yuan |
| Add up to | About 65 yuan |
See by table 5, implement to minimal till no-tillage, reduced flow chart, reduced operating cost, improved operating efficiency, conventional tillage will be accomplished through ploughing, harrow multiple working procedures such as pressure, sowing, intertillage, thinning, and cost is high, inefficiency.Adopt the present technique pattern to economize 2-3 procedure, 65 yuan/mu of minimizing expenses than conventional tillage.
Claims (1)
1. a northern drought-hit area is slowed down with acclimatization and is changed synergy kind method for planting, and it is characterized in that: this method is made up of following steps:
A, long kind of selection crop growth phase according to falling spring, increase by 7～10 days in the breeding time of routine saturating rain time on the basis, confirm as the ripe phase of selected crop varieties, and crop is chosen as millet, soybean;
B, sowing: do not plough, toothing is survived the winter behind the last one year crop harvesting after autumn, spring based on the rainfall situation; At the beginning of 5 months-optimum period early June sows; Use no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine directly to push up the stubble sowing, depth of planting is 5-7cm, and thickness of earth covering is 4-6cm; Broadcast the back suppression; Before broadcasting the arable land is dragged one time,, guarantee seeding quality or use the direct rotary tillage sowing of rotary sowing machine to overwhelm the root stubble; Depth of planting is 4-6cm, and thickness of earth covering is 3-5cm;
C, seeding quantity: every mu of 0.25-0.5kg of millet, every mu of 4kg of soybean;
D, fertilising: spring organic fertilizer 2500kg/ mu, base fertilizer is executed diammonium phosphate 15kg/ mu, imposes urea 15kg/ mu in conjunction with seedling management;
The big micro-ridge plantation of E, seeding row spacing: by 40: 50-60cm, distance is different between per two row of crop, and apart from 40cm, distance is 50～60cm between two row and two row between two row;
F, a final singling: the disposable final singling of 4-5 leaf, the spacing in the rows of seeding crops is pressed the traditional cultivation method, density of reserved seedlings: nonirrigated farmland, millet mountain mu stays seedling 2.0-2.5 ten thousand strains, and seedling 2.5-3.0 ten thousand strains are stayed on more fertile non-irrigated level land, every mu of 0.9-1.1 of soybean ten thousand strains;
G, intertill and clean tillage: combine for the first time that final singling is shallow weeds, clear ridge is weeded and loosen the soil before the jointing for the second time deeply, helps root system and pricks deeply, increases the root water uptake scope;
H, growth course regulation and control: begin to spray the green He Gerun of protecting of growth regulator in the crop entering shooting stage, the green consumption that protects is that 3g/ mu, lattice profit are 50g/ mu, and two kinds of growth regulator consumptions reduce by half for the first time, carry out once, and spray at most continuously three times in every separated 7-10 days.
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| CN 200910220318 CN101720615B (en) | 2009-11-25 | 2009-11-25 | Synergism planting technology for retarding and being suitable for climate change in north droughty area |
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| CN101720615B true CN101720615B (en) | 2012-04-25 |
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