CN112205263B - Method for planting chickpeas in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river - Google Patents
Method for planting chickpeas in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of chickpea planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting chickpeas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river. According to the method, the chickpeas can be planted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river in winter and spring by utilizing the heat preservation, cold prevention, rain prevention and waterlogging prevention of the gardening facilities, the nonlinear relation between the planting time and the planting density is determined, the diversified planting requirements of different vacant time of the gardening facilities are flexibly met, the utilization efficiency of the gardening facilities in the winter of the local area is further improved, the soil is improved, the continuous cropping obstacle is broken, and the planting structure is optimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chickpea planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting chickpeas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river.
Background
Chickpeas (Cicerarientinum) are herbaceous plants of the genus Cicer in the family Leguminosae, and are named because their grain shape closely resembles that of plucked chickpeas or chicken heads, such as peaches, chicken beans, and chickpeas. Chickpeas originate in western and eastern regions of asia and are planted in gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Yunnan and the like in China. The chickpeas are drought-tolerant, cold-tolerant and barren-tolerant, can be planted in arid and cold areas, and have the effects of fertilizing fields, cultivating fields and improving soil.
The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river belong to subtropical monsoon climate, the low temperature is little rain and little sunshine in winter, which is not beneficial to the growth of crops, even if gardening facilities are utilized, most of the crops are difficult to be planted if heating conditions are not provided. Therefore, under the condition of the gardening facilities in the area, a planting habit of linking early spring after late autumn is formed, and the vacancy rate of the gardening facilities is higher in winter.
Although the chickpeas are drought-resistant and cold-resistant in the seedling stage, the chickpeas are not resistant to high temperature of more than 30 ℃ and high humidity, and the water content of the land is high, so that the diseases are aggravated and the normal growth is influenced. Therefore, the areas in the middle and downstream of the Yangtze river with much rain in winter and summer are not suitable for planting chickpeas. Therefore, how to plant chickpeas in the middle and downstream areas of the Yangtze river to solve the problem of high gardening vacancy rate of winter facilities is a problem which is continuously researched in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a method for planting chickpeas in the middle and downstream areas of the Yangtze river. The planting method solves the problems of high vacancy rate of winter gardening facilities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, normal growth of chickpeas and the like in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for planting chickpeas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, which is characterized in that original plots which can effectively avoid rain and preserve heat are selected for land preparation and fertilization, planting plots are obtained, and chickpeas are planted.
Preferably, the original parcel comprises: the plot is high in terrain, low in underground water level, good in drainage and 5.5-8.6 in soil pH value.
Preferably, the planting comprises:
(1) selecting chickpeas of early-maturing variety as seeds;
(2) sowing the seeds in a planting plot when the lowest temperature is above 6 ℃.
Preferably, the sowing density is determined according to the planting time, and the relation between the sowing density and the planting time is shown as the following formula:
Y＝0.0086x3-3.6905x2+379.19x+18881；
wherein Y represents planting density, and the unit is cave/667 m2；
x represents the planting time of the chickpeas and the unit is d;
wherein x is more than or equal to 60 and less than or equal to 210.
Preferably, the sowing time in the step (2) is 11 months to 2 months.
Preferably, the selection of the seeds in the step (1) is determined according to the purpose of harvest;
when harvesting is carried out, the selected seeds comprise the cappuccino type;
for green manure harvesting purposes, the seeds selected include the dixi type.
Preferably, the harvesting time taking the green manure as the harvesting purpose is as follows: before the chickpeas bloom;
the green manure treatment mode is as follows: determining according to the planting time, and directly turning over and returning chickpea plants to the field when the planting time is 60-90 days; when the planting time is 90-150 days, harvesting the overground part of the chickpea plant to obtain the chickpea plant, and directly chopping the chickpea plant to return the plant to the field or returning the plant to the field after fermentation.
Preferably, the step (2) further comprises field management after sowing; the field management comprises the following steps:
a. after sowing, watering thoroughly with big water, and sealing and insulating the gardening facilities;
b. after 24 hours, the field is kept moist without obvious water accumulation, and after 72 hours, the field is ventilated in the daytime, and the gardening facilities are closed at night for heat preservation;
c. after the emergence rate reaches 80%, the doors and windows of the gardening facilities are opened for ventilation for a long time when frost is absent.
Preferably, the field management further comprises: ventilating in daytime and closing gardening facilities at night when the temperature is lower than-5 ℃; when the temperature is lower than minus 8 ℃, a heat insulation layer is added; and in continuous rainy and snowy weather, the rain-sheltering and water-draining device is used.
Preferably, the field management further comprises: watering is not needed after seedling emergence, and watering is only needed under the condition that plants in warm winter and arid climate show water shortage, and the principle is that watering is carried out a little for a plurality of times and is not carried out.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a method for planting chickpeas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, which is characterized in that original plots which can effectively avoid rain and preserve heat are selected for land preparation and fertilization, planting plots are obtained, and chickpeas are planted. By utilizing the gardening facilities and selecting proper planting plots, the problem of winter planting of the chickpeas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river is solved, the utilization efficiency of the facilities in winter is improved, and the effects of improving soil, preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles and optimizing the planting structure are achieved.
Furthermore, the planting method provided by the invention determines the seeding density according to the planting duration, so that a grower can determine the planting density according to the vacant time of the winter gardening facilities, flexibly adjust the chickpeas as green manure or special crops, and further solve the problem of high vacant rate of the winter gardening facilities.
Furthermore, the breeding method provided by the invention can determine the type and the seeding density of the seeds according to the purpose of harvesting, thereby not only ensuring the soil improvement effect of the chickpeas, but also enabling a grower to flexibly select the purpose of harvesting according to the control time of the winter gardening facilities.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for planting chickpeas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, which comprises the steps of selecting original plots which can effectively avoid rain and preserve heat for soil preparation and fertilization by gardening facilities to obtain planting plots and planting chickpeas.
In the present invention, the horticultural facility preferably includes any one of a multi-span greenhouse, a solar greenhouse, a vinyl house and a small arched greenhouse; the original plots preferably comprise sandy loam which is high in terrain, low in underground water level, good in drainage and loose in texture, and the selection conditions of the original plots preferably further comprise plots which are not planted with leguminous plants in previous crops and have pH of 5.5-8.6. The method solves the problem of planting the chickpeas in the local area in winter by utilizing the gardening conditions of the gardening facilities widely existing in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river and selecting the original land blocks capable of effectively avoiding rain and preserving heat, improves the utilization efficiency of the gardening facilities in winter, and achieves the effects of improving soil, preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles and optimizing the planting structure.
In the present invention, the soil preparation and fertilization method preferably includes: after land leveling, making high ridges; the width of the ridge surface of the high ridge is 100-200 cm, preferably 120-180 cm, and most preferably 150 cm; the furrow depth of the high furrow is 20-40 cm, preferably 30-40 cm, and most preferably 40 cm; the fertilizer for fertilization is a ternary compound fertilizer; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ternary compound fertilizer is 15:15: 15; the dosage of the ternary compound fertilizer is 15-30 kg/675m2More preferably 20 to 30kg/675m2Most preferably 30kg/675m2(ii) a When the fertilization aims at harvesting seeds, the method preferably further comprises the step of additionally applying a bio-organic fertilizer, wherein the dosage of the bio-organic fertilizer is 500-1000 kg/675m2More preferably 700 to 1000kg/675m2Most preferably 1000kg/675m2. The invention has no special requirements on the sources of the ternary compound fertilizer and the biological organic fertilizer, and can adopt commercial products which are well known in the field.
In the present invention, the planting preferably comprises:
(1) selecting chickpeas of early-maturing variety as seeds;
(2) sowing the seeds in a planting plot when the lowest temperature is above 6 ℃.
The invention selects chickpeas of early-maturing varieties as seeds. In the present invention, the selection of the seeds is preferably selected according to the purpose of harvesting; for harvest purposes, the selected seeds preferably comprise the cabbagy type; for green manure harvesting purposes, the seed selected preferably comprises the dixi type. By selecting the chick-pea early-maturing variety insensitive to the light period, the growing period can be obviously shortened, the planting time is shortened, and the quality of the seeds for harvesting cannot be influenced due to the short vacant time of the winter gardening facilities in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river.
After the planting plots are selected, the seeds are sown in the planting plots when the lowest temperature is above 6 ℃. In the present invention, the timing of the sowing is preferably a winter warm cycle. The invention avoids the influence on the rate of emergence due to over low temperature by controlling the sowing time to be in winter and the weather with the lowest temperature of more than 6 ℃.
In the present invention, the time for sowing is preferably 11 months to 2 months. By controlling the sowing time, the method not only avoids premature senescence of the chickpeas caused by too early planting time, but also avoids too short vegetative growth period of the chickpeas caused by too late planting time and too fast temperature rise, thereby causing poor soil improvement effect and yield reduction of the chickpeas.
The present invention preferably determines the seeding density according to the planting time, and the relationship between the seeding density and the planting time is shown as the following formula: y is 0.0086x3-3.6905x2+379.19x + 18881; wherein Y represents planting density, and the unit is cave/667 m2(ii) a x represents the planting time of the chickpeas and the unit is d; wherein x is more than or equal to 60 and less than or equal to 210. According to the method, the planting density is determined by controlling the planting time, so that not only can the gardening facilities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river be effectively utilized in winter, but also the planting time which can be used for planting the chickpeas can be predicted by a planting user according to the vacant time, the seeding density is further determined according to the planting time, and the planting effect of the chickpeas as green manure or special crops is guaranteed by most reasonably utilizing the seeds; the chickpea can be flexibly adjusted to be used as green manure or special crops by adapting to different planting time according to different planting densities, so that different requirements of growers are met.
The planting method provided by the invention can determine the type and the seeding density of the seeds according to the purpose of harvesting, thereby not only ensuring the soil improvement effect of the chickpeas, but also leading a grower to flexibly select the purpose of harvesting according to the vacant time of the winter gardening facilities, and achieving the maximum benefit. When the idle time is 5 months, the harvest purpose is seed collection, and when the idle time is 5 months before, the harvest purpose is green manure.
In the present invention, the timing of harvesting green manure preferably comprises: before the chickpeas bloom;
the green manure is preferably treated in the following way: determining according to the planting time, and directly turning over and returning chickpea plants to the field when the planting time is 60-90 days; when the planting time is 90-150 days, harvesting the overground part of the chickpea plant to obtain the chickpea plant, and directly chopping the chickpea plant to return the plant to the field or returning the plant to the field after fermentation.
In the present invention, the timing for harvesting the seeds preferably includes: more than 70% of pods in the whole field are golden yellow, and the pods are collected when separated from seeds.
In the present invention, the seeding method preferably includes hill seeding, the depth of the hill seeding is preferably 5cm, and the seeding number of the hill seeding is preferably 1 to 3, and more preferably 3.
In the present invention, it is preferable that field management is further included after the sowing; the field management preferably comprises the steps of:
a. after sowing, watering thoroughly with big water, and sealing and insulating the gardening facilities;
b. after 24 hours, the field is kept moist without obvious water accumulation, and after 72 hours, the field is ventilated in the daytime, and the gardening facilities are closed at night for heat preservation;
c. after the emergence rate reaches 80%, the doors and windows of the gardening facilities are opened for ventilation for a long time when frost is absent.
The invention not only can lead the chickpeas to emerge smoothly under the low temperature condition through the heat preservation measure of the gardening facilities, but also can promote the growth of chickpeas seedlings; meanwhile, the watering is controlled, and various rotten seeds and rotten seedlings in water are prevented.
In the present invention, the field management preferably further comprises: ventilating in daytime and closing gardening facilities at night when the temperature is lower than-5 ℃; when the temperature is lower than minus 8 ℃, a heat insulation layer is added; in continuous rainy and snowy weather, rain is avoided and water is drained; the heat insulation layer preferably comprises one or more of an inner membrane, a straw mat and non-woven fabrics.
In the invention, the field management preferably further comprises water and fertilizer management; the water and fertilizer management preferably comprises: watering is not needed after seedling emergence, and watering is only needed under the condition that plants in warm winter and arid climate show water shortage, the principle is that watering is carried out for a few times, and watering is not carried out; for seed collection, it is preferable to irrigate 1 time in the initial flowering stage, thoroughly irrigate with large water, and irrigate in combination with water for each 667m2The calcium superphosphate is applied by 10-15 kg, more preferably 12-15 kg, most preferably 15kg, and the potassium sulfate is applied by 6-10 kg, more preferably 8-10 kg, most preferably 10 kg.
In the invention, the method for planting the chickpeas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river is a method for improving the soil in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river. According to the invention, the cold-resistant, drought-resistant and barren-resistant chickpeas are selected, so that the field management operation is reduced, the labor and the force are saved, and the labor cost is reduced; the chickpea has developed root system, which exceeds common leguminous plants in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river such as peas and alfalfa, and the effect of soil improvement is better; in addition, the planting method can improve the soil while intercropping with crops, so that the maximum benefit of the soil is achieved; the standard of the crops is preferably the crops which have large planting row spacing and more field exposed space and do not influence the lighting of the chickpeas, and the crops preferably comprise grapes.
To further illustrate the present invention, a method for planting chickpeas in the mid-downstream area of the Yangtze river according to the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Plot selection
The multi-span greenhouse of the facility for promoting cultivation of gardening grapes in summer in suburbs of south Jing of Jiangsu has the advantages of high terrain, convenience in drainage and irrigation, difficulty in water accumulation and soil pH of 6.3.
(2) Soil preparation and fertilization
In 10 months in 2018, selecting available ground around grape plants and reserving space required by grape management, wherein each 667m is normally managed in 10 months in the vineyard22500kg of organic fertilizer is applied, so no base fertilizer is applied when the chickpeas are planted. Directly leveling the land, making high ridges, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 180cm, and the depth of the ridge ditch is 25 cm.
(3) Variety selection
A fabry-type aksujiki bean.
(4) Seeding
(4.1) sowing time
Sowing in 11 months and 8 days in 2018, wherein the sowing belongs to a winter warm period, the lowest temperature is in clear weather of more than 6 ℃, and the warm period lasts for 16 days.
(4.2) seeding Density
Each 667m2The seeding density was calculated according to the following formula:
Y＝0.0086x3-3.6905x2+379.19x+18881
y denotes 667m2The planting density of (1) is in units of holes/667 m2。
x represents the planting time of the chickpeas, and the unit is d, wherein x is more than or equal to 60 and less than or equal to 210.
With the purpose of seed collection, the planting time is estimated to be 210 days, and the planting density is calculated to be 15404 holes/667 m2。
(4.3) sowing
The row spacing of the holes is about 45cm multiplied by 10cm, the hole sowing is carried out, 3 seeds are sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is about 5cm, the areas which cannot be sowed are removed due to the fact that the reserved walkways in the vineyard are more, the occupied area is larger and ditches exist, and the actual area is about 667m2And (5) protecting the seedling of 6000 strains. After sowing, laying drip irrigation, covering with mulch film and pouring water thoroughly. After 24 hours, the field is kept moist without obvious water accumulation, after 72 hours, the mulching film is removed, and the greenhouse is closed at night for heat preservation. After 1 week of sowing, the rate of emergence exceeds 80%, and the greenhouse heat preservation condition is adjusted according to the grape requirements.
(5) Management of field
When the temperature is lower than minus 5 ℃, the ventilation time is reduced, and the doors and windows of the gardening facilities are closed at night for heat preservation and cold resistance. When the temperature is lower than minus 8 ℃, an insulating layer is required to be added to prevent the occurrence of freezing injury. Continuous rain and snow can be avoided, rain is avoided, water is drained, the drying of the greenhouse is guaranteed, and chickpea diseases caused by waterlogging are prevented. Severe freezing injury does not occur in 11-2019 in 2018 and 3, greenhouse management mainly takes grapes, and chickpeas have no special requirements.
(6) Liquid manure management
Watering is generally not carried out after seedling emergence, and watering is carried out only under the condition that plants show water shortage in warm winter and arid climate, wherein watering is carried out for a few times in principle, and watering is not carried out. As grapes need to be fertilized with a large amount of multiple quick-acting fertilizers in spring, separate additional fertilization and watering are omitted in the process of planting chickpeas in actual field management mainly based on grapes. Meanwhile, grape management is carried out, and the management conditions are detailed in application example 1.
(7) Harvesting
In late ten days of 5 months, more than 70% of the pods in the whole field are golden yellow, and the pods and seeds are separated and collected. Measured 667m2The yield of (2) was 103.5 kg.
Example 2
(1) Plot selection
The plastic greenhouse for producing suburb vegetables in Wuhan city, Hubei province is high in terrain, convenient to drain and irrigate and not prone to water accumulation, the PH value of soil is 5.9, and the crops of the previous crops, namely cabbages, are adopted.
(2) Soil preparation and fertilization
Deeply ploughing the land, leveling the land, and then making high ridges with the ridge surface width of 200cm and the ridge ditch depth of 20 cm. Since the land is used as a protected area of vegetables for a long time and the salinization is serious, no base fertilizer is applied.
(3) Variety selection
Anvati No. 1 of Di xi type granule variety.
(4) Seeding
(4.1) sowing time
Seeding is carried out in 2019 in 8 days 1 month, the seeding belongs to a winter warm period, the lowest temperature is in clear weather of more than 6 ℃, and the warm period lasts for 5 days.
(4.2) seeding Density
Each 667m2The seeding density was calculated according to the following formula:
Y＝0.0086x3-3.6905x2+379.19x+18881
y denotes 667m2The planting density of (1) is in units of holes/667 m2。
x represents the planting time of the chickpeas, and the unit is d, wherein x is more than or equal to 60 and less than or equal to 210.
With the green manure planting as the purpose, the planting time is estimated to be 80 days, and the planting density is calculated to be about 30000 holes/667 m2。
(4.3) sowing
The row spacing of the plants is about 40cm multiplied by 5cm, the hill planting is carried out, 3 seeds are sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is about 5cm, the vegetable greenhouse is of an arch structure, the two sides of the greenhouse are low and can not be planted, and the ditch can not be sowed, so that the area which can not be sowed is removed, and the actual area is about 667m per 667m216000 seedlings. After sowing, the big water is thoroughly poured, and the greenhouse is closed. After 24 hours, the field is kept moist without obvious water accumulation, after 72 hours, the greenhouse is ventilated in the daytime, and is sealed and insulated at night. The rate of emergence after seeding for 10 days is over 80 percent, and the greenhouse does not need to be closed for heat preservation at night under ordinary conditions.
(5) Management of field
When the temperature is lower than minus 5 ℃, the ventilation time in the daytime should be reduced, and the doors and windows of the gardening facilities should be closed at night for heat preservation and cold resistance. When the temperature is lower than minus 8 ℃, an insulating layer is required to be added to prevent the occurrence of freezing injury. Continuous rain and snow can be avoided by closing the shed, draining water and preventing waterlogging, and diseases caused by waterlogging are prevented. In the planting process, the greenhouse is closed and insulated from 1 month, 20 days to 2 months, 3 days and night, and the greenhouse is opened all the time in the rest time.
(6) Liquid manure management
Watering is generally not carried out after seedling emergence, and watering is carried out only under the condition that plants show water shortage in warm winter and arid climate, wherein watering is carried out for a few times in principle, and watering is not carried out. No watering is carried out in the planting process.
(7) Harvesting green manure
In late 3 months, the chickpeas are directly ploughed and returned to the field.
Application example 1
A test group was set, which was a grape plot of intercropped chickpeas in the vineyard of example 1, and a control group, which was a grape plot of the same vineyard without intercropped chickpeas.
For 2-5 months, grapes need to be fertilized for multiple times, so that water and fertilizer management is mainly performed on the grapes, and a group 1 for normally planting grapes in a control group and applying fertilizer according to a normal mode and a group 2 for normally planting grapes in the control group but reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer by 30% are arranged; a group 3 with 30% of nitrogen fertilizer application reduction and normal planting of grapes in the test group, a group 4 with 50% of nitrogen fertilizer application reduction and normal planting of grapes in the test group are arranged, four groups are mutually contrasted, the yield difference is counted in 9 months, and the counting result is shown in a table 1. After the chickpeas were harvested, there was no difference in fertilization methods between the four groups.
TABLE 1 fertilizing amount and grape yield (kg/667 m) of four plots2)
The experimental results are as follows:
when the grapes are fertilized in spring, the fertilizer application of the chick pea planting plots is reduced by 50% and the yield of the grapes is reduced by 17% compared with the normal fertilization plots; the nitrogen fertilizer application is reduced by 30% in the chickpea planting land, and the yield of grapes is not reduced; the nitrogen fertilizer application of the plots planted with the chickpeas is reduced by 30 percent, and the yield of the grapes in the plots planted with the chickpeas is increased by 21 percent compared with the normal plots with 30 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer application.
As can be seen from the results of example 1 and the above experiments, the chickpeas save labor and labor in the planting process except for extremely few extreme weathers, and have obvious advantage of saving labor and labor compared with other green manure plants in the local area.
It can also be seen that the chickpea has obvious effects of improving the soil structure and fixing nitrogen of the vineyard, the grape is taken as a perennial plant, the root system is developed, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in the early spring topdressing, so that the intercropping chickpea can obviously improve the growth environment of the grape, reduce the use of the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and does not influence the yield of the grape.
Finally, the row spacing of the grape plants is large, the field exposed space is large, the leaves of the grapes are few from winter to early spring, the shading is not obvious, the chickpeas can be planted in the grape plants in one season, and the economic benefit of the vineyard is improved.
In conclusion, by the planting method, the problem of planting the chickpeas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river in winter is solved, and the utilization efficiency of winter facilities is improved; and the yield of the grapes planted near the plots where the chickpeas are planted is basically the same as the yield of the grapes planted near the plots where the chickpeas are not planted and normal fertilization is achieved by reducing the nitrogen application by 30%, and the yield of the grapes is increased by 21% compared with the yield of the grapes planted near the plots where the chickpeas are not planted by reducing the nitrogen application by 30%.
Application example 2
Setting a test group, wherein the test group is to plant cabbages on the plots planted with the chickpeas in the embodiment 2, and setting a control group, wherein the control group is the plots planted with the cabbages in the previous crop and not planted with the chickpeas in the same geology;
setting a plot of a control group, in which cabbages are normally planted and fertilized in a normal manner, as a group 1; in the test group, a plot with 20% of nitrogen fertilizer applied in spring is used as a group 2; the control group planted cabbage normally and the plot with 20% nitrogen fertilizer reduction in spring was taken as group 3. The specific treatment results are shown in table 2, and spring cabbage is planted in 3 days in 4 months.
TABLE 2 treatment and results of three plots (kg/667 m)2)
The experimental results are as follows:
compared with the vacant land blocks in winter for planting the cabbages in the same previous stubbles, the disease of the land blocks planted with the chickpeas is reduced by 16%, and the yield of the land blocks planted with the chickpeas is increased by 24.5% under the condition of reducing the weight by 20%.
The experimental results show that the developed root system of the chickpea has a remarkable improvement effect on continuous cropping obstacles, has an obvious nitrogen fixation effect, can effectively fertilize soil, and saves planting cost. The chickpea has strong stress resistance, can be sowed in winter at lower temperature, and flexibly adapts to diversified planting requirements. The chickpeas do not need to be subjected to fine management in the planting process, labor cost is saved, and the use benefit of the chickpeas as green manure is remarkable.
In conclusion, the method solves the winter planting problem of the chickpeas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river by utilizing the gardening facilities and selecting the proper planting plots, improves the utilization efficiency of the winter facilities, and achieves the effects of improving the soil, preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacles and optimizing the planting structure.
In addition, the planting method provided by the invention determines the seeding density according to the planting duration, so that a grower can determine the planting density according to the vacant time of the winter gardening facilities, flexibly adjust the chickpeas as green manure or special crops, and further solve the problem of high vacant rate of the winter gardening facilities.
Furthermore, the breeding method provided by the invention can determine the type and the seeding density of the seeds according to the purpose of harvesting, thereby not only ensuring the soil improvement effect of the chickpeas, but also enabling a grower to flexibly select the purpose of harvesting according to the control time of the winter gardening facilities.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting chickpeas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river is characterized in that original plots which can effectively avoid rain and preserve heat of gardening facilities are selected for land preparation and fertilization to obtain planting plots, and chickpeas are planted; determining the seeding density according to the planting time, wherein the relationship between the seeding density and the planting time is shown as the following formula:
Y=0.0086x3-3.6905x2+379.19x+18881；
wherein Y represents planting density, and the unit is cave/667 m2；
x represents the planting time of the chickpeas and the unit is d;
wherein x is more than or equal to 60 and less than or equal to 210.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the original parcel comprises: the plot is high in terrain, low in underground water level, good in drainage and 5.5-8.6 in soil pH value.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the conditions for selecting the original plot further comprise non-planted legumes in the previous crop.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein planting comprises:
selecting chickpeas of early-maturing varieties as seeds;
and (2) sowing the seeds in a planting land when the lowest temperature is more than 6 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the seeding time in the step (2) is 11-2 months.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the selection of the seeds in step (1) is determined according to harvest purpose;
when harvesting is carried out, the selected seeds comprise the cappuccino type;
for green manure harvesting purposes, the seeds selected include the dixi type.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the harvesting timing for green manure harvesting purposes is: before the chickpeas bloom;
the green manure treatment mode is as follows: determining according to the planting time, and directly turning over and returning chickpea plants to the field when the planting time is 60-90 days; when the planting time is 90-150 days, harvesting the overground part of the chickpea plant to obtain the chickpea plant, and directly chopping the chickpea plant to return the plant to the field or returning the plant to the field after fermentation.
8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the sowing in the step (2) further comprises field management; the field management comprises the following steps:
a. after sowing, watering thoroughly with big water, and sealing and insulating the gardening facilities;
b. after 24 hours, the field is kept moist without obvious water accumulation, and after 72 hours, the field is ventilated in the daytime, and the gardening facilities are closed at night for heat preservation;
c. after the emergence rate reaches 80%, the doors and windows of the gardening facilities are opened for ventilation for a long time when frost is absent.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein said field managing further comprises: ventilating in daytime and closing gardening facilities at night when the temperature is lower than-5 ℃; when the temperature is lower than minus 8 ℃, a heat insulation layer is added; and in continuous rainy and snowy weather, the rain-sheltering and water-draining device is used.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein said field managing further comprises: watering is not carried out after seedling emergence, and watering is carried out under the condition that plants show water shortage in warm winter and arid climate, wherein watering is carried out for a few times in principle, and watering is not carried out.
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