CN110741903A - Annual cultivation method of tropical water lily suitable for subtropical regions - Google Patents
Annual cultivation method of tropical water lily suitable for subtropical regions Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a year-round cultivation method of tropical water lily suitable for subtropical zone, which utilizes simple conservation fertilization to assist the overwintering technology of the tropical water lily, and by pre-treating the tropical water lily plants and managing temperature, nutrient, ventilation, water level and the like during the overwintering conservation period, solves the problem of overwintering obstacle of the tropical water lily in winter, and obviously improves the phenomenon that the underground stems of the tropical water lily are rotten and the plants float, meanwhile, the cultivation method of the invention puts the tropical water lily plants away from the water ground after being cultivated in independent small flowerpots, not only obviously saves space, but also more easily controls the growth speed of the plants, achieves the most economical and effective growth environmental condition control, is simple and easy to implement, can ensure the tropical water lily to slowly grow and not enter the dormancy period, easily realizes year-round and year-round cultivation of the tropical water lily in the subtropical zone, and can be suitable for various tropical water lily varieties, has good popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ornamental plant cultivation. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for year-round cultivation of tropical water lily suitable for subtropical regions.
Background
Nymphaeaceae (Nymphaeaceae) is a general term for Nymphaea plants, and belongs to perennial aquatic herbaceous plants. The flowers and leaves are beautiful and have high ornamental value, and the plant landscape material is one of indispensable plant landscape materials in waterscape and gardens. The flower can be eaten or used as medicine, and is also a superior fresh cut flower material. More than 60 original seeds and more than 1000 cultivated varieties. From the plant taxonomy, the genus Nymphaea is divided into 5 subgenera: the sub-genera eurotium (brachycaras), archaeotropium (Lotos), neotropium (Hydrocallis), australian (Anecphya) and eurotium (nyphaea). They can be classified into tropical water lily (tropical water lily) and hardy water lily (hardy water lily) according to their ecological types. The tropical water lily flowers are large and bright, and the flowers are tall and stand out of the water surface, and generally emit rich fragrance, so that the tropical water lily flower is deeply loved by people. It has more cold-resistant blue or purple flowers that water lily does not have, making it more attractive.
However, even though the ornamental value and the economic value of the tropical water lily are higher than those of the cold-resistant water lily, the tropical water lily can only be cultivated for one year under natural conditions because the tropical water lily cannot live through the open air in subtropical regions and the northern regions, and the application of the tropical water lily is severely limited. Therefore, it is the focus of research personnel to improve the cold resistance of tropical water lily. Unfortunately, even if the tropical water lily and the hardy water lily are crossed in subgenera, the successfully obtained filial generations do not have tropical water lily varieties which can live through the winter in the open air in non-tropical areas, and the whole plant performance of the filial generations is not obviously different from that of the hardy water lily. Therefore, in the present stage, it is more realistic to search the annual cultivation effect of tropical water lily in non-tropical areas from the perspective of cultivation methods.
Through the retrieval and query of a patent database and a literature database, related research mainly focuses on overwintering storage of underground seedballs of the tropical water lily, for example, a method for assisting overwintering of the Indian red water lily is disclosed in a patent ZL 200610125141.1; patent ZL201510016026.X discloses a method for promoting the formation of dormant bulbs of the underground stems of water lily in Lotos subgenus for overwintering; patent ZL201510014601.2 discloses a method for improving the propagation coefficient of water lily in Lotos subgenus; patent ZL201610495104.3 discloses a overwintering storage method of water lily in the subtropical genus of Guangzopical, and the like, and does not disclose a patent or related literature related to a method for cultivating water lily in non-tropical areas in the year. Therefore, the patent takes the tropical water lily as a research object, and searches for a year-round cultivation method of the tropical water lily to increase the cultivation range of the tropical water lily in a subtropical area.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide a method for year-round cultivation of the tropical water lily in the subtropical region, so that the tropical water lily can enter the ornamental period in advance, the phenomena of rotten bottom of underground stems and floating of plants are obviously improved, and the tropical water lily in the subtropical region can be easily cultivated for many years.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for annual cultivation of tropical water lily suitable for use in subtropical regions, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing a simple conservation facility, wherein the simple conservation facility comprises a greenhouse or a simple greenhouse and a watertight flowerpot, and the outer layer of the greenhouse or the simple greenhouse is made of a plastic film or organic glass and is filled with planting soil;
s2, field planting, namely digging out the tropical water lily cultivated in the open air from the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months every year, cutting off 2-year old stems reserved at the root system and the base part, removing leaves, only reserving 2-4 unfolded new leaves, removing buds, then sterilizing, digging out a planting hole in the center of a flowerpot, placing the sterilized tropical water lily plant in the planting hole, then covering soil to the base part of a leaf cluster, slightly compacting, finally adding water to overflow the flowerpot, and placing the flowerpot on the water-free ground;
s3, after the step S2 is completed, overwintering conservation is carried out in 3 months of the next year, the temperature in the simple nursing facility is not lower than 8 ℃ in the overwintering conservation period, when the temperature in the simple nursing facility is lower than 10 ℃, ventilation is not carried out, when the temperature in the simple nursing facility is 10-20 ℃, ventilation is carried out for 30 minutes in the 11:00-14:00 time period every 2-3 days, when the temperature in the simple nursing facility is 20-30 ℃, ventilation is carried out for 1 hour in the 11:00-14:00 time period every 2-3 days, when the temperature in the simple nursing facility exceeds 30 ℃, ventilation is carried out for 2 hours in the 11:00-14:00 time period every 2-3 days, ventilation is not carried out in the 15:00 afternoon to 10:00 afternoon every next day in the winter conservation period, first fertilization is carried out in 30-45 days after the step S2 is completed, second fertilization is carried out in ten days from 2 months to 3 days, the water level in the flowerpot is kept above 3cm, and if pests and diseases are observed during the overwintering conservation period, a pest control agent is sprayed;
s4, open-air cultivation and display, wherein the water lily plant after the conservation in the step S3 is moved to a display place for open-air cultivation in 4 months every year, the open-air cultivation is performed in a mode of pot sinking in water or pot releasing in ground, the temperature condition of open-air cultivation is that the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ in the day and the average daily temperature is higher than 15 ℃, uninterrupted fertilization is performed in the open-air cultivation and display stage, the first fertilization is performed 20-30 days after the open-air cultivation is completed, then fertilization is performed for 1 time every 15-25 days, the water level in a flowerpot is guaranteed to be higher than 10cm and blades are not submerged after each fertilization, and insect pest prevention agents are sprayed if insect pests are observed in the open-air cultivation period.
Preferably, in step S1, the planting soil filling step includes: firstly, filling a layer of planting soil with the thickness of 1-2cm at the bottom of a flowerpot, then uniformly scattering 10g of compound fertilizer, and finally continuously filling the planting soil to 2/3 parts of the flowerpot, wherein the planting soil is obtained by uniformly mixing pond sludge and garden soil according to the ratio of 5: 5.
Preferably, the fertilizer used for fertilization is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the content of the total nutrient N + P2O5+ K2O in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 51 percent, and the content of the single nutrient is more than or equal to 17 percent.
Preferably, in the step S3, the fertilizer is applied for the first time by 10g per pot and for the second time by 15g per pot, the NPK compound fertilizer is applied along the 2-3 parts of the pot wall at each time of fertilization, the depth of the soil penetration is more than 5cm, and the water level in the flowerpot is ensured to be more than 5cm during each fertilization and after fertilization.
Preferably, in step S4, the fertilizer is applied in an amount of 20g per pot or 30g per plant, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is divided into 2-3 parts per pot, each part is applied along the inner wall of the flowerpot or at a position 15cm away from the plant, the soil penetration depth is more than 5cm, and the water level in the flowerpot is ensured to be more than 10cm during and after each application.
Preferably, in step S4, the step of immersing the pot in water includes immersing the whole flowerpot in water, the leaves float on the water surface, and the step of planting in the pot-removing field includes transporting the whole flowerpot to a display site, digging a planting pit slightly larger than the flowerpot in the display site, removing the flowerpot, placing soil balls in the original flowerpot into the planting pit, back-filling, compacting, adding water, and ensuring the leaves float on the water surface when adding water.
Preferably, when the insect-resistant reagent is sprayed, 10% of beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable solution of 1000 times and 2000 times is sprayed, and if the weather is rainy for a long time, 50% of carbendazim of 500 times or 70% of thiophanate of 800 times is sprayed.
Preferably, the sterilization step is to soak the tropical water lily plants in 0.1% carbendazim solution for 5-10 minutes.
Preferably, the annual cultivation method of tropical water lily suitable for subtropical regions further comprises nutrient control management, wherein the method comprises the steps of cleaning newly appeared flower buds on days 10-20 after the completion of the step S2, and carrying out leaf thinning treatment when leaves grow vigorously and are shielded from each other in the step S3.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: the invention relates to a year-round cultivation method of tropical water lily in subtropical zone, which utilizes the technology of simple conservation and fertilization for assisting the tropical water lily to overwinter, and the method is characterized in that the tropical water lily plants are pretreated, and the management of temperature, nutrient, ventilation, water level and the like is carried out during the overwinter conservation period, so that the problem of overwinter obstacle of the tropical water lily in winter is solved, the phenomena of rotten bottom of underground stems and floating of the plants of the tropical water lily are obviously improved, meanwhile, the cultivation method of the invention places the tropical water lily plants in independent small flowerpots away from the water ground, not only obviously saves space, but also more easily controls the growth speed of the plants, achieves the most economical and effective growth environmental condition control, is simple and easy to implement, can ensure the tropical water lily to slowly grow and not enter the dormancy period, easily realizes year-round and multi-year cultivation of the tropical water lily in subtropical zone, and can be suitable for various tropical water lily, has good popularization.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the interior of a water-tight flowerpot when planting is completed in the cultivation process of the tropical water lily.
Description of reference numerals: 1. the method comprises the following steps of (1) providing a tropical water lily plant, 2, water, 3, planting soil, 4, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 5 and a watertight flowerpot.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
In the test area of the Wuhan botanical garden special for aquatic plants in 2017 to 2019, 10 months, the glass greenhouse is selected as the conservation place, and the selected tropical water lily varieties are 'Chinese blue', 'Huali', 'Thailand No. 3' and 'Black beauty'. In the middle of 11 months of each year, a plurality of dormant bulbs of the four varieties of water lily are dug and soaked in water for storage at the temperature of 8-12 ℃. Soaking the seedballs in a greenhouse in the middle and last ten days of 4 months every year, transplanting the seedlings together with the seedballs into outdoor water lily area planting pots after the seedlings sprout for about 1 day in 5 months, and planting 1 seedball in each pot.
Example 1:
the implementation time of the embodiment is between 10 months and 11 months in 2017 and 2018, and the anniversary cultivation method of the tropical water lily suitable for the subtropical zone comprises the following steps:
As shown in figure 1, a water-tight flowerpot 5 with the diameter of 40cm and the height of 45cm is selected and then the water-tight flower is put inFilling the pot 5 with planting soil of culture medium, wherein during filling, a layer of planting soil 3 with the thickness of about 1.5cm is filled at the bottom of the pot, and then the total nutrients N + P are uniformly scattered2O5+K210g of nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer with O content more than or equal to 51 percent and single nutrient content more than or equal to 17 percent, and finally filling the planting soil 3 to 2/3 parts of the flowerpot, namely the soil is about 30cm deep, wherein the planting soil is obtained by uniformly mixing pond sludge and garden soil according to the ratio of 5: 5.
Carrying out plant field planting in 2017, 10 and 25 days, selecting robust field planting plants in a tropical water lily display area, digging out the plants, cutting off root systems, cutting off 2-year old stems reserved at the base parts, removing leaves, only reserving 2-4 unfolded new leaves, removing flower buds, placing the plants after treatment into 0.1% carbendazim solution for soaking for 10 minutes, digging out planting holes in the center of a container, digging along with the seeds, avoiding damage to the tropical water lily plants due to long-time shelving or transportation, placing the soaked tropical water lily plants 1 in the planting holes, covering soil to the leaf cluster base parts, slightly compacting, finally adding 2 water to overflow a flowerpot, placing the planted flowerpot on the ground of a greenhouse away from water, and placing the flowerpot on the ground away from the water.
Temperature management: during the overwintering conservation period, the temperature in the conservation facility is kept above 8 ℃, and when the temperature is lower than 8 ℃, the electric oil heater is turned on to increase the temperature.
Ventilation management: when the temperature in the simple nursing facility is lower than 10 ℃, ventilation is not performed, when the temperature in the simple nursing facility is 10-20 ℃, ventilation is performed for 30 minutes in the 11:00-14:00 time period every 2-3 days, when the temperature in the simple nursing facility is 20-30 ℃, ventilation is performed for 1 hour in the 11:00-14:00 time period every 2-3 days, when the temperature in the simple nursing facility exceeds 30 ℃, ventilation is performed for 2 hours in the 11:00-14:00 time period every 2-3 days, and ventilation is not performed during the 15:00 pm to the 10:00 am next day during the overwintering nursing period, so that the temperature in the nursing facility is ensured.
Nutrient management: fertilizing for 2 times in the whole winter overwintering conservation period, fertilizing for the first time in 12 and 2 days in 2017, applying 10g per pot, fertilizing for the second time in 3 and 6 days in 2018, applying 15g per pot, applying along different positions of the pot wall 3 during each fertilization, and setting the mud penetration depth to be more than 5 cm.
Water level management: the water level is ensured to be above 10cm during and after fertilization every time, and is ensured to be above 5cm in daily time.
And (3) pest and disease management: in addition, 1500 times of liquid of 10% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable solution is sprayed for preventing and treating insect pests in 2018, 1 month and 8 days and 3 months and 22 days, flower buds are cut off and cleaned irregularly, dead leaves are cleaned irregularly, and the flower buds appearing in the last ten days of 3 months are not cleaned.
And (3) the first flower appears in 20 days in 2018, 4 months, the water lily is transplanted to a water lily display area in the open air, and the water lily potted plant is integrally submerged in the water bottom, so that the leaves are kept floating on the water surface. The whole seedlings are slowly grown for 1 to 2 days, and the ornamental effect is achieved.
In the stage, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied for the first time in 17 days in 5 months for 1 time, the application amount is 20g per pot, then the fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 25 days, the fertilizer is divided into 3 parts during each time of application, each part is applied along the pot wall or the position about 15cm away from the plant, and the mud penetration depth is more than 5 cm.
The water level is ensured to be above 10cm and the leaves are not submerged in the fertilizer during daily time, each fertilization and after fertilization.
10 percent of high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable solution of 1000 times and 2000 times is sprayed at irregular intervals to prevent insect pests, and 70 percent of thiophanate of 800 times is sprayed to prevent diseases in rainy days for a long time.
Example 2:
the method for year-round cultivation of the tropical water lily suitable for the subtropical regions is implemented in 11-2019-10 in 2018, a simple conservation facility is prepared, plant planting is carried out in 11-13 in 2018, the specific operation method is the same as the steps 1 and 2 in the example 1, then the overwintering conservation stage is started, the temperature management, the ventilation management and the water level management methods in the stage are the same as the example 1, the first and the second fertilization are respectively carried out in 17 th in 2018 and 27 th in 2019 in 2-27 th, the fertilization method is the same as the example 1, and 1500-time liquid of 10% efficient cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed in 28 th in 2018 and 28 th in 2019 in 28 th in 12 and 2019 to control insect pests.
And finally, entering an open cultivation and display stage, wherein the first flower appears in 2019, 4, 9 and 9 days, the water lily is transplanted to a water lily display area in the open, and the water lily potted plant is wholly submerged in the water bottom mode, so that the leaves are kept floating on the water surface. The whole seedlings are slowly grown for 1 to 2 days, and the ornamental effect is achieved. In the stage, the compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time in 5 months and 13 days, the application amount is 30g per plant, then the fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 20 days, and the water level is ensured to be above 10cm and the leaves are not submerged in daily time, each time of fertilizer application and after fertilizer application.
Example 3:
the method for cultivating the tropical water lily suitable for the subtropical region in the embodiment in the 11 th month to the 10 th month in 2018 comprises the following specific steps:
preparing a simple conservation facility, carrying out plant permanent planting in 11 and 10 months in 2018, selecting strong tropical water lily in a water lily display area, and transplanting the tropical water lily to a greenhouse, wherein the specific operation method is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Then, the method enters an overwintering conservation stage, wherein temperature management, nutrient management, water level management and pest and disease management are the same as in example 1, ventilation management is performed, ventilation is not performed when the temperature in the simple conservation facility is lower than 10 ℃, ventilation is performed for 30 minutes at 12:00 every day when the temperature in the simple conservation facility is 10-20 ℃, ventilation is performed for 1 hour at 12:00 every day when the temperature in the simple conservation facility is 20-30 ℃, ventilation is performed for 2 hours at 12:00 every day when the temperature in the simple conservation facility exceeds 30 ℃, and ventilation is not performed during 15:00 every afternoon to 10:00 the next morning during the overwintering conservation period.
And finally, in an open-air cultivation and display stage, transplanting the water lily to a water lily display area in open air in 5, month and 10 days in 2019, and observing that the first flower appears in 5, month and 10 days in 2019.
In the period, the plants grow weakly during the winter in the greenhouse, and the phenomena of small plant type, small leaves and small flower quantity appear. The cultivation is gradually normal after the cultivation and the display in the open air for 1 to 2 months.
Example 4:
the method for cultivating the tropical water lily suitable for the subtropical region in the embodiment in the 11 th month to the 10 th month in 2018 comprises the following specific steps:
preparing a simple conservation facility, carrying out plant permanent planting in 11 and 10 months in 2018, selecting strong tropical water lily in a water lily display area, and transplanting the tropical water lily to a greenhouse, wherein the specific operation method is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Then, the method enters an overwintering nursing stage, wherein temperature management, nutrient management, water level management and pest and disease management are the same as in example 1, ventilation management is carried out, ventilation is not carried out when the temperature in the simple nursing facility is lower than 10 ℃, ventilation is carried out for 30 minutes in a 11:00-14:00 time period every week when the temperature in the simple nursing facility is 10-20 ℃, ventilation is carried out for 1 hour in a 11:00-14:00 time period every week when the temperature in the simple nursing facility is 20-30 ℃, and ventilation is carried out for 2 hours in a 11:00-14:00 time period every week when the temperature in the simple nursing facility exceeds 30 ℃.
And finally, in an open-air cultivation and display stage, transplanting the water lily to a water lily display area in the open air in the 4-month and 30-day period in 2019, and observing that the first flower appears in the 4-month and 30-day period in 2019.
In the period, the plants grow strongly in the early period when the greenhouse overwintering, but the rotting phenomenon of leaves and flowers appears in the later period due to overhigh temperature and less ventilation, and the effect is poor when the plants are displayed outdoors. The cultivation is gradually normal after the cultivation and the display in the open air for 1 to 2 months.
Example 5:
the method for cultivating the tropical water lily suitable for the subtropical region in the embodiment in the 11 th month to the 10 th month in 2018 comprises the following specific steps:
and selecting a non-porous flowerpot with the same specification as the embodiment 1, filling the pond sludge with the water content of 40% and after degerming, and controlling the thickness of the pond sludge to be 30 cm. And then carrying out plant field planting in 2018, 11 months and 11 days, wherein the method is to select strong tropical water lily in the water lily display area to transplant to a greenhouse, after digging out the plant, the root system and the 2-year old stem stored at the base part are not cut off, and the rest transplanting methods are the same as the step 2 of the embodiment 1. Then, the overwintering and incubation period was started, and the temperature management, nutrient management, ventilation management, water level management, and pest management in this period were the same as in example 1.
And finally, in an open-air cultivation and display stage, transplanting the water lily to a water lily display area in the open air within 5 and 20 days in 19 years, and enabling the water lily to appear as a first flower within 5 and 20 days in 2019.
During the period, the roots of the plants are rotten and the soil around the plants is blackened during the winter in the greenhouse, so that the water quality is poor, and meanwhile, the plants are weak in growth vigor, small in plant type, small in leaves and few in flowers. After the cultivation and display in the open air, the phenomena of rotten bottom and floating of plants in different degrees occur, and the phenomena of weak plant growth vigor, small plant type, small leaves and less flowers are not improved.
Example 6:
the method for cultivating the tropical water lily suitable for the subtropical region in the embodiment in the 11 th month to the 10 th month in 2018 comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, preparing a simple conservation facility according to the step 1 of the embodiment 1, then carrying out plant permanent planting in 2018, 11 and 15 days, and selecting strong tropical water lily in a water lily display area to transplant to a greenhouse, wherein the method is the same as the step 2 of the embodiment 1. And then entering an overwintering conservation stage, wherein temperature management, ventilation management, water level management and pest management are the same as those in the embodiment 1, and in addition, nutrient management is as follows: the topdressing time interval in the whole winter overwintering conservation period is 15 days, the application amount is 30g per pot, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient proportion of the fertilizer is 2:1:1, and the fertilizer is dispersedly put into the pot during each fertilization.
And finally, in an open-air cultivation and display stage, transplanting the water lily to a water lily display area in the open air in 4-month and 30-day 19 years, and enabling the water lily to appear as a first flower in 4-month and 30-day 2019.
In the period, the leaf grows vigorously in the early period of the overwintering period of the greenhouse, the leaf edges are dry and curled in the later period, the leaves are black, the flower is small, the amount of the flower is small, and meanwhile, the water quality is black. The cultivation is gradually normal after the cultivation and the display in the open air for 1 to 2 months.
Comparative example 1:
digging seed balls of the four tropical water lily in 2017, 11 and 14 days, cleaning the surfaces, soaking in 0.1% carbendazim solution for 10 minutes, and soaking in water at 8-12 ℃ for preservation. Transplanting the seedlings to watertight flowerpots with the diameter of 40cm and the height of 45cm in a glass greenhouse of a special water plant garden of Wuhan plant garden of Chinese academy of sciences in 2018, 4 months and 30 days, filling planting soil in the flowerpots according to the mode of the embodiment 1, and adding water to overflow the flowerpots after transplanting; and then, in the growth process of the planted water lily seedlings, topdressing is carried out once every 3 weeks, the topdressing adopts a common nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 10g of each pot is applied each time, the residual leaves and flowers are cut off during the period, after the initial leaves are spread, 1500 times of solution of 10% efficient cypermethrin emulsifiable solution is sprayed for insect prevention, the water level is ensured not to submerge the leaves, and finally the water lily flowers in the middle and last ten days of 6 months.
Comparative example 2:
digging seed balls of the four tropical water lily in 2018, 11 and 15 days, cleaning the surfaces, soaking in 0.1% carbendazim solution for 10 minutes, and soaking in water at 8-12 ℃ for preservation. Transplanting the seedlings to watertight flowerpots with the diameter of 40cm and the height of 45cm in a glass greenhouse of a special water plant garden of Wuhan plant garden of Chinese academy of sciences in 2019, 4 months and 30 days, filling planting soil in the flowerpots according to the mode of the example 1, and adding water to overflow the flowerpots after transplanting; and then, in the growth process of the planted water lily seedlings, topdressing is carried out once every 3 weeks, the topdressing adopts a common nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 10g of each pot is applied each time, the residual leaves and flowers are cut off during the period, after the initial leaves are spread, 1500 times of liquid of 10% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable solution is sprayed to prevent insects, the water level is ensured not to submerge the leaves, and finally the water lily flowers in the middle and last ten days of 6 months.
The results of tabulated statistics of the conditions after open-air cultivation in all of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1. As can be seen, the annual cultivation mode carried out by adopting the technical scheme has the advantages that the flowering phase of the tropical water lily is advanced by about 51-78 days compared with the ornamental phase of the traditional cultivation method, and the ornamental effect is improved remarkably. As can be seen from the examples 1 and 2 and the comparative examples 1 and 2, the technical scheme of the invention can realize good cultivation effect, and can achieve ideal effect for two continuous years, thereby having universality and good popularization.
Examples 3 and 4 were tested for ventilation management. By adopting the ventilation management of the technical scheme of the invention, better cultivation effect of the tropical water lily can be obtained. The glass greenhouse can enable experimental tropical water lily to obtain good illumination conditions, so that the technical scheme can ventilate in a time period with the highest positive value of sunlight of 11:00-14:00, and can provide the best cultivation conditions for the water lily. The ventilation can reduce the indoor temperature to a certain degree, different times are selected for the ventilation of the tropical water lily according to different indoor temperatures, the ventilation effect every 3 days is obviously superior to the daily ventilation through the comparative example 2 and the example 3, the interval ventilation can ensure that the cultivation temperature environment of the tropical water lily plants is in a stable state, the overwintering growth of the water lily is facilitated, and the water lily can be cultivated and viewed in the open air about 20 to 30 days in advance; as can be seen from the comparison between the example 2 and the example 4, the ventilation effect every 3 days is obviously better than that of the ventilation every week, and the ventilation effect is about 10 to 20 days earlier for open-air cultivation and appreciation.
Example 5 cultivation methods (mainly substrate and plant treatment) were tested. By comparing example 2 with example 5, it can be found that the water lily plants grow better and the ornamental period is advanced by about 30-40 days under the same conditions by adopting the cultivation method of the invention. According to the technical scheme, pond sludge and garden soil are uniformly mixed according to the ratio of 5:5 to obtain the culture medium, the garden soil is easy to obtain and has good air permeability, fertilizer retention and water retention capacity, the pond sludge is rich in rich nutrients, and meanwhile, about 10g of compound fertilizer is scattered at the bottom of the pond sludge, so that the culture medium has good air permeability and is beneficial to the fertilizer to exert the effect, and the absorption of water lily to the nutrients is promoted. In addition, the cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the root system is cut off and planted, so that the phenomena that the root system of a plant is rotten, soil around the plant is blackened and the water quality is deteriorated during the winter in a greenhouse can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the phenomena of rotten bottom and floating of plants can not occur in the later-period open-air cultivation and display. Therefore, the cultivation effect of the tropical water lily can be better according to the arrangement obtained by experiments, the growth of the tropical water lily is promoted, the tropical water lily can be displayed in the open air in advance, and the phenomena of rotten bottom and floating of plants in the later period can be avoided.
Example 6 tests were conducted for nutrient management. Comparing example 2 with example 6, the water lily plant of example 6 has vigorous growth in the early stage, dry, curled and gradually rotten leaf edges in the later stage, small flowers and small amount, and simultaneously blackened water quality. Obviously, the nutrient management of the cultivation method of the invention is more advantageous, partial compound fertilizer is already scattered in the planting soil filling process, and meanwhile, the cultivation method of the invention applies fertilizer twice during the overwintering conservation period, thus achieving enough nutrients required by the water lily plants, ensuring the slow growth of the water lily plants during the overwintering period, and achieving the maximum fertilizer application efficiency by the simplest and most economic method.
In conclusion, the annual cultivation method of the tropical water lily suitable for the subtropical zone solves the problem of overwintering obstacle of the tropical water lily in winter by utilizing the technology of simple conservation fertilization for assisting the tropical water lily to overwinter and pre-treating the tropical water lily plants and managing temperature, nutrients, ventilation, water level and the like during the overwintering conservation period, obviously improves the phenomenon that the underground stems of the tropical water lily are rotten and the plants float, meanwhile, the cultivation method of the invention puts the tropical water lily plants away from the water ground after being cultivated in independent small flowerpots, obviously saves space, more easily controls the growth speed of the plants, achieves the most economic and effective control of growth environment conditions, is simple and easy to implement, can ensure that the tropical water lily slowly grows and does not enter the dormancy period, easily realizes the annual and perennial cultivation of the tropical water lily in the subtropical zone, and can be suitable for various tropical water lily varieties, has good popularization.
TABLE 1 statistics table for planting condition of tropical water lily
Remarking: example 1 was between 10 months 2017 and 11 months 2018; example 2 was between 11 months in 2018 and 10 months in 2019. While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The annual cultivation method of the tropical water lily suitable for the subtropical zone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a simple conservation facility, wherein the simple conservation facility comprises a greenhouse or a simple greenhouse and a watertight flowerpot, and the outer layer of the greenhouse or the simple greenhouse is made of a plastic film or organic glass and is filled with planting soil;
s2, field planting, namely digging out the tropical water lily cultivated in the open air from the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months every year, cutting off 2-year old stems reserved at the root system and the base part, removing leaves, only reserving 2-4 unfolded new leaves, removing buds, then sterilizing, digging out a planting hole in the center of a flowerpot, placing the sterilized tropical water lily plant in the planting hole, then covering soil to the base part of a leaf cluster, slightly compacting, finally adding water to overflow the flowerpot, and placing the flowerpot on the water-free ground;
s3, after the step S2 is completed, overwintering conservation is carried out in 3 months of the next year, the temperature in the simple nursing facility is not lower than 8 ℃ in the overwintering conservation period, when the temperature in the simple nursing facility is lower than 10 ℃, ventilation is not carried out, when the temperature in the simple nursing facility is 10-20 ℃, ventilation is carried out for 30 minutes in the 11:00-14:00 time period every 2-3 days, when the temperature in the simple nursing facility is 20-30 ℃, ventilation is carried out for 1 hour in the 11:00-14:00 time period every 2-3 days, when the temperature in the simple nursing facility exceeds 30 ℃, ventilation is carried out for 2 hours in the 11:00-14:00 time period every 2-3 days, ventilation is not carried out in the 15:00 afternoon to 10:00 afternoon every next day in the winter conservation period, first fertilization is carried out in 30-45 days after the step S2 is completed, second fertilization is carried out in ten days from 2 months to 3 days, the water level in the flowerpot is kept above 3cm, and if pests and diseases are observed during the overwintering conservation period, a pest control agent is sprayed;
s4, open-air cultivation and display, wherein the water lily plant after the conservation in the step S3 is moved to a display place for open-air cultivation in 4 months every year, the open-air cultivation is performed in a mode of pot sinking in water or pot releasing in ground, the temperature condition of open-air cultivation is that the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ in the day and the average daily temperature is higher than 15 ℃, uninterrupted fertilization is performed in the open-air cultivation and display stage, the first fertilization is performed 20-30 days after the open-air cultivation is completed, then fertilization is performed for 1 time every 15-25 days, the water level in a flowerpot is guaranteed to be higher than 10cm and blades are not submerged after each fertilization, and insect pest prevention agents are sprayed if insect pests are observed in the open-air cultivation period.
2. The method for the anniversary cultivation of tropical water lily in subtropical regions according to claim 1, wherein the planting soil filling step in step S1 comprises: firstly, filling a layer of planting soil with the thickness of 1-2cm at the bottom of a flowerpot, then uniformly scattering 10g of compound fertilizer, and finally continuously filling the planting soil to 2/3 parts of the flowerpot, wherein the planting soil is obtained by uniformly mixing pond sludge and garden soil according to the ratio of 5: 5.
3. The annual cultivation method of tropical water lily suitable for subtropical regions according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer used for fertilization is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the total nutrient N + P in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer2O5+K2The content of O is more than or equal to 51 percent and the content of single nutrient is more than or equal to 17 percent.
4. The annual cultivation method of tropical water lily suitable for subtropical regions as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S3, the amount of the first fertilization is 10g per pot, the amount of the second fertilization is 15g per pot, the NPK compound fertilizer is applied along 2-3 parts of the pot wall during each fertilization, the soil penetration depth is more than 5cm, and the water level in the pot is ensured to be more than 5cm during each fertilization and after fertilization.
5. The method for cultivating the tropical water lily in the subtropical area in the year round as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S4, the fertilizer is applied in an amount of 20g per pot or 30g per plant, the NPK compound fertilizer is divided into 2-3 parts per application, each part is applied along the inner wall of the flowerpot or at a position 15cm away from the plant, the soil depth is more than 5cm, and the water level in the flowerpot is ensured to be more than 10cm during and after each application.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S4, the step of immersing the pot in water comprises immersing the whole pot in water, the leaves float on the water surface, the step of planting the pot in a pot-out place comprises transporting the whole pot to a display place, digging a planting pit slightly larger than the pot size at the display place, removing the pot, placing the soil ball in the original pot in the planting pit, and then filling mud, compacting, adding water, and keeping the leaves float on the water surface when adding water.
7. The annual cultivation method of water lily under the tropics suitable for the subtropical regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein 10% of beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable solution 2000 times liquid is sprayed when the insect-preventing agent is sprayed, and 50% of carbendazim 500 times liquid or 70% of thiophanate 800 times liquid is sprayed in case of long-time rainy days.
8. The method for the anniversary cultivation of tropical water lily in subtropical regions according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization step is carried out by soaking the tropical water lily plants in 0.1% carbendazim solution for 5-10 minutes.
9. The method for the anniversary cultivation of tropical water lily in subtropical regions according to claim 1, further comprising a nutrient control management including cleaning newly emerged flower buds from day 10 to day 20 after completion of step S2, and performing a leaf thinning treatment when the leaves are vigorously grown and are shielded from each other in step S3.
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