CN110720363A - Novel method for seedling culture and transplanting of conventional rape - Google Patents

Novel method for seedling culture and transplanting of conventional rape Download PDF

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CN110720363A
CN110720363A CN201911128726.2A CN201911128726A CN110720363A CN 110720363 A CN110720363 A CN 110720363A CN 201911128726 A CN201911128726 A CN 201911128726A CN 110720363 A CN110720363 A CN 110720363A
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transplanting
rape
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seedlings
seedling
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朱同贵
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Chaohu Chunyou Seed Industry Science & Technology Co Ltd
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Chaohu Chunyou Seed Industry Science & Technology Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B15/00—Organic phosphatic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

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Abstract

The invention discloses a novel method for culturing and transplanting conventional rape seedlings, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1, preparing a matrix, step S2, selecting seeds, step S3, preparing a seedbed, step S4, sowing, step S5 and transplanting. The invention also discloses a compound fertilizer for the novel method for culturing and transplanting the seedlings of the conventional rape, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of potassium chloride, 10-15 parts of urea, 2-5 parts of 1, N6-vinylidene adenosine-5' -monophosphate disodium salt, 1-3 parts of boron slag and 0.5-1.5 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer. The novel method for transplanting the seedlings of the conventional rape disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high survival rate of the seedlings, short seedling revival period, high transplanting efficiency, simplicity in operation and high yield.

Description

Novel method for seedling culture and transplanting of conventional rape
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant transplantation, in particular to a novel method for culturing and transplanting conventional rape seedlings.
Background
The rape is one of the main oil crops in China, is also a protein, feed, energy, honey source and soil cultivation crop at the same time, and has high comprehensive utilization value. The method is very wide in planting in Yangtze river basin and is one of important economic sources for part of farmers. The rape is mainly cultivated in winter, does not compete with other oil crops for land, and has wide production adaptability;
the rape can be planted in the regions of one-year-ripe or more-year-ripe in different climatic zones, and can be cultivated by rice and rape in double-ripe or triple-ripe areas, especially in subtropical rice areas in China, so that the light, heat and soil resources can be fully utilized. In the rape planting area and the total yield all over the world, the rape cultivation area in China is the second place and the total yield is the third place.
At present, the rape planting mode of China mainly comprises direct seeding and seedling transplanting, the direct seeding is low in technical content and extensive in cultivation, operation procedures such as uniform seedling, thinning and final singling are required in the seedling period, the operation procedures are complicated, strong seedlings and weak seedlings exist in field growth, the growth is not easy to be tidy, the yield is difficult to improve, and places which are not subjected to mechanical seeding are basically eliminated. The seedling transplantation can obviously improve the crop yield, solve the multi-crop stubble-connection contradiction, improve the multiple cropping index, obtain the crops with deeper root system distribution, thick and strong stems and strong lodging resistance, and can effectively avoid natural disasters such as drought, rain, snow, frost and the like in the seedling stage. However, the rape seedling transplanting method in the prior art has the disadvantages of large seedbed density, poor seedling quality, short seedling age, more procedures and high cost. With the mass transfer of rural labor force, young and old farmers enter city working workers, and basically the old people in the planting field are not capable of engaging in complicated operation procedures.
Chinese patent document CN105103888A discloses a method for planting rape, comprising: seedling raising and transplanting. The specific process of seedling culture comprises the following steps: a. land preparation, b, fertilization, c, soil turning, d, seed treatment, e, sowing, f, treading tightly and g, watering. The specific process of transplanting comprises the following steps: (1) determining transplanting time, (2) selecting vegetable seedlings, (3) preparing soil, (4) turning soil, (5) turning rows , (6) fertilizing, (7) spreading seedlings, (8) turning soil, (9) treading tightly, (10) sprinkling water, and (11) supplementing seedlings. Although the method is simplified compared with the traditional transplanting method, the mechanical application degree is low, the labor intensity of manual operation is high, and the planting steps are complicated; meanwhile, the seeding mode adopts manual seeding, so that the seed consumption is increased, the seeding mode is easy to cause irregular emergence, and weak seedlings and high-foot seedlings are easy to occur; the uniform planting has a small utilization rate of field illumination, is not beneficial to ventilation and light transmission of crops, is easy to cause sclerotinia rot, and affects the yield and quality of crops.
Therefore, a new rape seedling transplanting method which can improve the yield, save labor and labor, reduce operation procedures and save production cost is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a novel method for culturing and transplanting the seedlings of the conventional rape, which has the advantages of high survival rate of the seedlings, short seedling revival period, high transplanting efficiency, simplicity in operation and high yield, and effectively solves the problems that the seedling culturing and transplanting of the rape in the prior art needs a special seedbed land, the production cost is high, the seedling culturing and transplanting efficiency is low, the quality of rape seedlings is poor, the seed quantity for direct seeding of the rape is large, the cultivation is extensive and the yield is low.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a novel method for culturing and transplanting conventional rape seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of matrix: crushing conventional matrix materials, adding a compound fertilizer, mixing with agricultural wastes, processing by a retting or ensiling or micro-storage or ammoniation method or fermentation, drying or baking after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, seed selection: selecting a rape variety as a hybrid rape variety with erucic acid content lower than 1%, sulfur content lower than 30mol/g, oil content of rapeseeds higher than 40%, high yield and strong stress resistance, wherein the selected rape seeds are required to be plump in texture;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a plot with high and dry terrain and deep soil layer as a seedbed, ploughing the land with the ploughing depth of 18-23cm and ditching for 25-35cm, then uniformly applying the matrix prepared in the step S1 to the seedbed to uniformly mix the matrix with the soil on the seedbed, and applying 55-75kg of base fertilizer per mu;
step S4, sowing: uniformly sowing the rape seeds selected in the step S2 into a seedbed, wherein each rape seed occupies 3-5 square centimeters of area, and burying the rape seeds in soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S5, transplanting: transplanting when the seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution to soak the roots, earthing after transplanting, and then carrying out field management on the transplanted rape.
Further, the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of rice vinegar, 0.2-0.5 part of potassium permanganate, 1-5 parts of humic acid, 1-20 parts of microbial inoculum, 0.5-2.5 parts of maltose, 0.1-0.3 part of ascorbyl glucoside, 0.5-1 part of indolebutyric acid and 1200 parts of water.
Further, the post-management specifically includes: watering in the morning and at night before emergence of seedlings for drought resistance, applying 5-7 kilograms of urea or human excrement for topdressing 8-12 days before transplantation after transplantation to prevent and control aphids and cabbage caterpillars, and adding 1100 plus 1600 kilograms of urea plus 1600 kilograms of water per mu in case of drought in the day.
Furthermore, the transplanting row spacing is 12-15cm, and the transplanting density is 0.9-1.2 ten thousand plants per mu.
Further, the field management specifically comprises:
a, seedling searching and gap filling: after transplanting and turning green to survive, checking and replenishing seedlings;
b, weeding: carrying out primary chemical weeding 7-10 days after planting;
c, fertilizing: applying seedling raising fertilizer, wax fertilizer and boron fertilizer in the field;
d, drought resistance: watering when there is no rain in the long-drought, the lower leaves of the rape plants are red, and the whole plants are dark green and lusterless, and adding human excrement into clear water during watering;
e, early bolting and early flowering treatment: early sowing, high temperature in winter, early flowering and early flowering easily occur, and after the early flowering and early flowering are removed by cutting at high temperature in sunny days, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied;
f, cleaning and removing the stains: after spring, ditch cleaning and stain discharging are carried out, and no waterlogging is ensured in the field;
g, pest control: and (3) prevention and control of aphids: 2 bags of 10 percent imidacloprid are used per mu, 400 g of each bag is added with water, and two barrels are used for spraying; and (3) controlling cabbage caterpillars: 2 two sprays of 5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate are used per mu; the prevention and treatment measures of the sclerotinia sclerotiorum are as follows: firstly, cleaning the three ditches after spring, and removing diseased old yellow leaves in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in time; secondly, spraying 50 kilograms of 2-two carbendazim and water per mu in the initial flowering period;
there is no chronological restriction between the above field management.
Further, the conventional matrix material is at least one of peat, vermiculite, perlite and rock wool.
Further, the agricultural waste is at least one of rice chaff, mushroom paste, sawdust, chicken manure, pig manure and straw.
Further, the compound fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of potassium chloride, 10-15 parts of urea, 2-5 parts of 1, N6-vinylidene adenosine-5' -monophosphate disodium salt, 1-3 parts of boron slag and 0.5-1.5 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer.
Preferably, the preparation method of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether and an initiator into a high-boiling-point solvent, stirring for 3-5 hours at 65-75 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then removing the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain the N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone, the polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether, the initiator and the high-boiling point solvent is (2-3) to 1 (0.02-0.04) to (10-15).
Preferably, the initiator is selected from at least one of azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisoheptonitrile; the high boiling point solvent is at least one of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
Further, the preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the components according to the proportion, adding the mixture into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the novel method for culturing and transplanting the seedlings of the conventional rape effectively solves the problems that the seedling culturing and transplanting of the rape in the prior art needs a special seedbed land, the production cost is high, the seedling culturing and transplanting efficiency is low, the quality of the seedlings of the rape is poor, the seed quantity for direct seeding of the rape is large, the cultivation is extensive, and the yield is low, and has the advantages of high seedling survival rate, short seedling revival period, high transplanting efficiency, simplicity in operation and high yield.
(2) According to the novel method for culturing and transplanting the conventional rape seedlings, provided by the invention, the substrate is prepared, and the conventional substrate material, the compound fertilizer and the agricultural wastes are mixed and cooperated, so that sufficient nutrition can be provided for the rape seedlings before transplanting, various nutrients are enriched, the problem that the rape seedlings are not beneficial to the growth of the rape seedlings due to the boron deficiency caused by the low content of boron in soil in the growth process of the rape seedlings is solved, and the method for culturing the rape seedlings is provided.
(3) According to the novel method for culturing and transplanting the seedlings of the conventional rape, provided by the invention, the boron slag is used in the process of manufacturing the compound fertilizer, so that boron is provided for crops, industrial wastes are reasonably recycled, waste is effectively changed into valuable, the environment is protected, resources are saved, and the method has very high economic value, social value and ecological value.
(4) According to the novel method for raising and transplanting the seedlings of the conventional rape, provided by the invention, in the process of manufacturing the compound fertilizer, the addition of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer is beneficial to bonding of the components, enhancing the compatibility of the components, granulating and generating synergistic effect of the components, and the compound fertilizer has a good slow release effect and can prolong the fertilizer efficiency.
(5) According to the novel method for raising and transplanting the seedlings of the conventional rape, the rooting agent solution is used before transplanting, the nutritional ingredients such as rice vinegar, ascorbyl glucoside and maltose are introduced, the nutrition of the microbial inoculum can be improved, the indolebutyric acid and the like can induce rooting, the transplanting survival rate of the seedlings is improved, and the growth of the seedlings is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The raw materials in the examples of the present invention were all purchased commercially.
Example 1
A novel method for culturing and transplanting conventional rape seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of matrix: crushing conventional matrix materials, adding a compound fertilizer, mixing with agricultural wastes, processing by a retting or ensiling or micro-storage or ammoniation method or fermentation, drying or baking after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, seed selection: selecting a rape variety as a hybrid rape variety with erucic acid content lower than 1%, sulfur content lower than 30mol/g, oil content of rapeseeds higher than 40%, high yield and strong stress resistance, wherein the selected rape seeds are required to be plump in texture;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a plot with high and dry terrain and deep soil layer as a seedbed, ploughing the land with the ploughing depth of 18cm and ditching for 25cm, then uniformly applying the matrix prepared in the step S1 to the seedbed, uniformly mixing the matrix with the soil on the seedbed, and applying 55kg of base fertilizer per mu;
step S4, sowing: uniformly sowing the rape seeds selected in the step S2 into a seedbed, wherein each rape seed occupies 3 square centimeters of area, and burying the rape seeds in soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S5, transplanting: transplanting when the seedlings grow to 6 leaves, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution to soak the roots, covering soil after transplanting, and then performing field management on the transplanted rape.
The rooting agent solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of rice vinegar, 0.2 part of potassium permanganate, 1 part of humic acid, 1 part of microbial inoculum, 0.5 part of maltose, 0.1 part of ascorbyl glucoside, 0.5 part of indolebutyric acid and 800 parts of water.
The later management specifically comprises the following steps: watering in the morning and at night before emergence of seedlings for drought resistance, applying 5 kilograms of urea or human excrement for topdressing in each mu 8 days after transplanting, preventing and controlling aphids and cabbage caterpillars, and watering by adding 1100 kilograms of urea per mu when meeting dry weather.
The transplanting row spacing is 12cm, and the transplanting density is 0.9 ten thousand plants per mu.
The field management specifically comprises the following steps:
a, seedling searching and gap filling: after transplanting and turning green to survive, checking and replenishing seedlings;
b, weeding: carrying out primary chemical weeding 7 days after planting;
c, fertilizing: applying seedling raising fertilizer, wax fertilizer and boron fertilizer in the field;
d, drought resistance: watering when there is no rain in the long-drought, the lower leaves of the rape plants are red, and the whole plants are dark green and lusterless, and adding human excrement into clear water during watering;
e, early bolting and early flowering treatment: early sowing, high temperature in winter, early flowering and early flowering easily occur, and after the early flowering and early flowering are removed by cutting at high temperature in sunny days, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied;
f, cleaning and removing the stains: after spring, ditch cleaning and stain discharging are carried out, and no waterlogging is ensured in the field;
g, pest control: and (3) prevention and control of aphids: 2 bags of 10 percent imidacloprid are used per mu, 400 g of each bag is added with water, and two barrels are used for spraying; and (3) controlling cabbage caterpillars: 2 two sprays of 5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate are used per mu; the prevention and treatment measures of the sclerotinia sclerotiorum are as follows: firstly, cleaning the three ditches after spring, and removing diseased old yellow leaves in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in time; secondly, spraying 50 kilograms of 2-two carbendazim and water per mu in the initial flowering period;
there is no chronological restriction between the above field management.
The conventional matrix material is peat; the agricultural waste is rice chaff.
The compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of urea, 2 parts of 1, N6-vinylidene adenosine-5' -monophosphate disodium salt, 1 part of boron slag and 0.5 part of N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer.
The preparation method of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether and azobisisobutyronitrile into dimethyl sulfoxide, stirring for 3 hours at 65 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then removing the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain an N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer; the mass ratio of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone, the polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether, the azobisisobutyronitrile and the dimethyl sulfoxide is 2:1:0.02: 10.
The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the components according to the proportion, adding the mixture into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Example 2
A novel method for culturing and transplanting conventional rape seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of matrix: crushing conventional matrix materials, adding a compound fertilizer, mixing with agricultural wastes, processing by a retting or ensiling or micro-storage or ammoniation method or fermentation, drying or baking after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, seed selection: selecting a rape variety as a hybrid rape variety with erucic acid content lower than 1%, sulfur content lower than 30mol/g, oil content of rapeseeds higher than 40%, high yield and strong stress resistance, wherein the selected rape seeds are required to be plump in texture;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a plot with high and dry terrain and deep soil layer as a seedbed, ploughing the land with the ploughing depth of 19cm and ditching 27cm, then uniformly applying the matrix prepared in the step S1 to the seedbed to uniformly mix the matrix with the soil on the seedbed, and applying 60kg of base fertilizer per mu;
step S4, sowing: uniformly sowing the rape seeds selected in the step S2 into a seedbed, wherein each rape seed occupies 3.5 square centimeters of area, and burying the rape seeds in soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S5, transplanting: transplanting when the seedlings grow to 7 leaves, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution to soak the roots, covering soil after transplanting, and then performing field management on the transplanted rape.
The rooting agent solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of rice vinegar, 0.3 part of potassium permanganate, 2 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of microbial inoculum, 1 part of maltose, 0.15 part of ascorbyl glucoside, 0.6 part of indolebutyric acid and 900 parts of water.
The later management specifically comprises the following steps: watering in the morning and at night before emergence of seedlings for drought resistance, applying 5.5 kilograms of urea or human excrement for topdressing to each mu 9 days after transplanting, preventing and controlling aphids and cabbage caterpillars, and watering by adding 1250 kilograms of urea to each mu when meeting dry land.
The transplanting row spacing is 13cm, and the transplanting density is 1 ten thousand plants per mu.
The field management specifically comprises the following steps:
a, seedling searching and gap filling: after transplanting and turning green to survive, checking and replenishing seedlings;
b, weeding: carrying out primary chemical weeding 8 days after planting;
c, fertilizing: applying seedling raising fertilizer, wax fertilizer and boron fertilizer in the field;
d, drought resistance: watering when there is no rain in the long-drought, the lower leaves of the rape plants are red, and the whole plants are dark green and lusterless, and adding human excrement into clear water during watering;
e, early bolting and early flowering treatment: early sowing, high temperature in winter, early flowering and early flowering easily occur, and after the early flowering and early flowering are removed by cutting at high temperature in sunny days, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied;
f, cleaning and removing the stains: after spring, ditch cleaning and stain discharging are carried out, and no waterlogging is ensured in the field;
g, pest control: and (3) prevention and control of aphids: 2 bags of 10 percent imidacloprid are used per mu, 400 g of each bag is added with water, and two barrels are used for spraying; and (3) controlling cabbage caterpillars: 2 two sprays of 5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate are used per mu; the prevention and treatment measures of the sclerotinia sclerotiorum are as follows: firstly, cleaning the three ditches after spring, and removing diseased old yellow leaves in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in time; secondly, spraying 50 kilograms of 2-two carbendazim and water per mu in the initial flowering period;
there is no chronological restriction between the above field management.
The conventional matrix material is vermiculite; the agricultural waste is mushroom paste.
The compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of potassium chloride, 11 parts of urea, 3 parts of 1, N6-vinylidene adenosine-5' -monophosphate disodium salt, 1.5 parts of boron slag and 0.7 part of N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer.
The preparation method of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether and azobisisoheptonitrile into N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 3.5 hours at 67 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then removing the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain an N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer; the mass ratio of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone, the polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether, the azodiisoheptanonitrile and the N, N-dimethylformamide is 2.2:1:0.025: 11.
The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the components according to the proportion, adding the mixture into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Example 3
A novel method for culturing and transplanting conventional rape seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of matrix: crushing conventional matrix materials, adding a compound fertilizer, mixing with agricultural wastes, processing by a retting or ensiling or micro-storage or ammoniation method or fermentation, drying or baking after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, seed selection: selecting a rape variety as a hybrid rape variety with erucic acid content lower than 1%, sulfur content lower than 30mol/g, oil content of rapeseeds higher than 40%, high yield and strong stress resistance, wherein the selected rape seeds are required to be plump in texture;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a plot with high and dry terrain and deep soil layer as a seedbed, ploughing the land with the depth of 20cm, ditching for 30cm, then uniformly applying the matrix prepared in the step S1 to the seedbed, uniformly mixing the matrix with the soil on the seedbed, and applying 65kg of base fertilizer per mu;
step S4, sowing: uniformly sowing the rape seeds selected in the step S2 into a seedbed, wherein each rape seed occupies 4 square centimeters of area, and burying the rape seeds in soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S5, transplanting: transplanting when the seedlings grow to 7 leaves, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution to soak the roots, covering soil after transplanting, and then performing field management on the transplanted rape.
The rooting agent solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of rice vinegar, 0.3 part of potassium permanganate, 3.5 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of microbial inoculum, 1.7 parts of maltose, 0.2 part of ascorbyl glucoside, 0.7 part of indolebutyric acid and 1000 parts of water.
The later management specifically comprises the following steps: watering in the morning and at night before emergence of seedlings for drought resistance, applying 6 kilograms of urea or human excrement for topdressing in each mu 10 days after transplanting to prevent and control aphids and cabbage caterpillars after transplanting, and watering by adding 1300 kilograms of urea per mu when the seedlings encounter dry land.
The transplanting row spacing is 13.5cm, and the transplanting density is 0.95 ten thousand plants per mu.
The field management specifically comprises the following steps:
a, seedling searching and gap filling: after transplanting and turning green to survive, checking and replenishing seedlings;
b, weeding: carrying out primary chemical weeding 9 days after planting;
c, fertilizing: applying seedling raising fertilizer, wax fertilizer and boron fertilizer in the field;
d, drought resistance: watering when there is no rain in the long-drought, the lower leaves of the rape plants are red, and the whole plants are dark green and lusterless, and adding human excrement into clear water during watering;
e, early bolting and early flowering treatment: early sowing, high temperature in winter, early flowering and early flowering easily occur, and after the early flowering and early flowering are removed by cutting at high temperature in sunny days, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied;
f, cleaning and removing the stains: after spring, ditch cleaning and stain discharging are carried out, and no waterlogging is ensured in the field;
g, pest control: and (3) prevention and control of aphids: 2 bags of 10 percent imidacloprid are used per mu, 400 g of each bag is added with water, and two barrels are used for spraying; and (3) controlling cabbage caterpillars: 2 two sprays of 5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate are used per mu; the prevention and treatment measures of the sclerotinia sclerotiorum are as follows: firstly, cleaning the three ditches after spring, and removing diseased old yellow leaves in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in time; secondly, spraying 50 kilograms of 2-two carbendazim and water per mu in the initial flowering period;
there is no chronological restriction between the above field management.
The conventional substrate material is perlite; the agricultural waste is wood chips.
The compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of potassium chloride, 13 parts of urea, 3 parts of 1, N6-vinylidene adenosine-5' -monophosphate disodium salt, 2 parts of boron slag and 1 part of N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer.
The preparation method of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether and azobisisobutyronitrile into N, N-dimethylacetamide, stirring for 4 hours at 70 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then removing the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain an N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer; the mass ratio of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone, the polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether, the azobisisobutyronitrile and the N, N-dimethylacetamide is 2.5:1:0.03: 13.
The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the components according to the proportion, adding the mixture into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Example 4
A novel method for culturing and transplanting conventional rape seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of matrix: crushing conventional matrix materials, adding a compound fertilizer, mixing with agricultural wastes, processing by a retting or ensiling or micro-storage or ammoniation method or fermentation, drying or baking after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, seed selection: selecting a rape variety as a hybrid rape variety with erucic acid content lower than 1%, sulfur content lower than 30mol/g, oil content of rapeseeds higher than 40%, high yield and strong stress resistance, wherein the selected rape seeds are required to be plump in texture;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a plot with high and dry terrain and deep soil layer as a seedbed, ploughing the land with the ploughing depth of 22cm and ditching 34cm, then uniformly applying the matrix prepared in the step S1 to the seedbed to uniformly mix the matrix with the soil on the seedbed, and applying 70kg of base fertilizer per mu;
step S4, sowing: uniformly sowing the rape seeds selected in the step S2 into a seedbed, wherein each rape seed occupies 4.5 square centimeters of area, and burying the rape seeds in soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S5, transplanting: transplanting when the seedlings grow to 8 leaves, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution to soak the roots, covering soil after transplanting, and then performing field management on the transplanted rape.
Further, the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of rice vinegar, 0.45 part of potassium permanganate, 4.5 parts of humic acid, 18 parts of microbial inoculum, 2 parts of maltose, 0.27 part of ascorbyl glucoside, 0.9 part of indolebutyric acid and 1100 parts of water.
The later management specifically comprises the following steps: watering in the morning and at night before emergence of seedlings for drought resistance, applying 6.5 kilograms of urea or human excrement for topdressing in each mu 11 days after transplanting, preventing and controlling aphids and cabbage caterpillars, and watering by adding 1500 kilograms of urea per mu when meeting dry land.
The transplanting row spacing is 14.5cm, and the transplanting density is 1.1 ten thousand plants per mu.
The field management specifically comprises the following steps:
a, seedling searching and gap filling: after transplanting and turning green to survive, checking and replenishing seedlings;
b, weeding: carrying out primary chemical weeding 9.5 days after planting;
c, fertilizing: applying seedling raising fertilizer, wax fertilizer and boron fertilizer in the field;
d, drought resistance: watering when there is no rain in the long-drought, the lower leaves of the rape plants are red, and the whole plants are dark green and lusterless, and adding human excrement into clear water during watering;
e, early bolting and early flowering treatment: early sowing, high temperature in winter, early flowering and early flowering easily occur, and after the early flowering and early flowering are removed by cutting at high temperature in sunny days, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied;
f, cleaning and removing the stains: after spring, ditch cleaning and stain discharging are carried out, and no waterlogging is ensured in the field;
g, pest control: and (3) prevention and control of aphids: 2 bags of 10 percent imidacloprid are used per mu, 400 g of each bag is added with water, and two barrels are used for spraying; and (3) controlling cabbage caterpillars: 2 two sprays of 5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate are used per mu; the prevention and treatment measures of the sclerotinia sclerotiorum are as follows: firstly, cleaning the three ditches after spring, and removing diseased old yellow leaves in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in time; secondly, spraying 50 kilograms of 2-two carbendazim and water per mu in the initial flowering period;
there is no chronological restriction between the above field management.
The conventional substrate material is formed by mixing peat, vermiculite, perlite and rock wool according to the mass ratio of 1:3:5: 2; the agricultural wastes are rice chaff, mushroom mud, sawdust, chicken manure, pig manure and straw which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2:3:5: 2.
The compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 9.5 parts of potassium chloride, 14.5 parts of urea, 4.5 parts of 1, N6-vinylidene adenosine-5' -monophosphate disodium salt, 2.9 parts of boron slag and 1.4 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer.
The preparation method of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether and an initiator into a high-boiling-point solvent, stirring for 4.8 hours at 74 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then removing the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain an N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer; the mass ratio of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone, the polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether, the initiator and the high-boiling point solvent is 2.9:1:0.035: 14; the initiator is formed by mixing azodiisobutyronitrile and azodiisoheptonitrile according to the mass ratio of 3: 5; the high boiling point solvent is formed by mixing dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide according to a mass ratio of 1:3: 5.
The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the components according to the proportion, adding the mixture into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Example 5
A novel method for culturing and transplanting conventional rape seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of matrix: crushing conventional matrix materials, adding a compound fertilizer, mixing with agricultural wastes, processing by a retting or ensiling or micro-storage or ammoniation method or fermentation, drying or baking after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, seed selection: selecting a rape variety as a hybrid rape variety with erucic acid content lower than 1%, sulfur content lower than 30mol/g, oil content of rapeseeds higher than 40%, high yield and strong stress resistance, wherein the selected rape seeds are required to be plump in texture;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a plot with high and dry terrain and deep soil layer as a seedbed, ploughing the land with the depth of 23cm and ditching 35cm, then uniformly applying the matrix prepared in the step S1 to the seedbed to uniformly mix the matrix with the soil on the seedbed, and applying 75kg of base fertilizer per mu;
step S4, sowing: uniformly sowing the rape seeds selected in the step S2 into a seedbed, wherein each rape seed occupies 5 square centimeters of area, and burying the rape seeds in soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S5, transplanting: transplanting when the seedlings grow to 8 leaves, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution to soak the roots, covering soil after transplanting, and then performing field management on the transplanted rape.
The rooting agent solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of rice vinegar, 0.5 part of potassium permanganate, 5 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of microbial inoculum, 2.5 parts of maltose, 0.3 part of ascorbyl glucoside, 1 part of indolebutyric acid and 1200 parts of water.
The later management specifically comprises the following steps: watering in the morning and at night before emergence of seedlings for drought resistance, applying 7 kilograms of urea or human excrement for topdressing in each mu 12 days after transplanting, preventing and controlling aphids and cabbage caterpillars, and watering by adding 1600 kilograms of urea per mu when the seedlings encounter drought.
The transplanting row spacing is 15cm, and the transplanting density is 1.2 ten thousand plants per mu.
The field management specifically comprises the following steps:
a, seedling searching and gap filling: after transplanting and turning green to survive, checking and replenishing seedlings;
b, weeding: carrying out primary chemical weeding 10 days after planting;
c, fertilizing: applying seedling raising fertilizer, wax fertilizer and boron fertilizer in the field;
d, drought resistance: watering when there is no rain in the long-drought, the lower leaves of the rape plants are red, and the whole plants are dark green and lusterless, and adding human excrement into clear water during watering;
e, early bolting and early flowering treatment: early sowing, high temperature in winter, early flowering and early flowering easily occur, and after the early flowering and early flowering are removed by cutting at high temperature in sunny days, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied;
f, cleaning and removing the stains: after spring, ditch cleaning and stain discharging are carried out, and no waterlogging is ensured in the field;
g, pest control: and (3) prevention and control of aphids: 2 bags of 10 percent imidacloprid are used per mu, 400 g of each bag is added with water, and two barrels are used for spraying; and (3) controlling cabbage caterpillars: 2 two sprays of 5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate are used per mu; the prevention and treatment measures of the sclerotinia sclerotiorum are as follows: firstly, cleaning the three ditches after spring, and removing diseased old yellow leaves in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in time; secondly, spraying 50 kilograms of 2-two carbendazim and water per mu in the initial flowering period;
there is no chronological restriction between the above field management.
The conventional matrix material is rock wool; the agricultural waste is straw.
The compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of potassium chloride, 15 parts of urea, 5 parts of 1, N6-vinylidene adenosine-5' -monophosphate disodium salt, 3 parts of boron slag and 1.5 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer.
The preparation method of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether and azobisisoheptonitrile into N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring for 5 hours at 75 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then removing the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain an N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer; the mass ratio of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone, the polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether, the azodiisoheptanonitrile and the N, N-dimethylformamide is 3:1:0.04: 15.
The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the components according to the proportion, adding the mixture into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
This example provides a novel method for transplanting and raising seedlings of conventional rape, which is basically the same as example 1, except that a commercial compound fertilizer is used instead of a substrate.
Comparative example 2
This example provides a novel method for transplanting seedlings of conventional rape, which is substantially the same as that of example 1, except that no rooting agent solution is used.
Comparative example 3
This example provides a new method for transplanting the seedlings of rape, which is basically the same as the example 1, except that no disodium vinyl adenosine-5' -monophosphate is added in the preparation process of the compound fertilizer.
Comparative example 4
This example provides a new method for transplanting seedlings of rape, which is substantially the same as example 1, except that the compound fertilizer is prepared without adding N-vinylpyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer.
In order to further illustrate the beneficial technical effects of the novel conventional rape seedling raising and transplanting method in the embodiment of the invention, the novel conventional rape seedling raising and transplanting method in the above embodiments 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5 is tested, the test results are shown in table 1, and the test methods are as follows: the method of the embodiment 1-5 and the comparative example 1-4 are respectively adopted to carry out seedling transplantation on the same batch of rape seeds picked from the same planting base, and then the germination rate, the transplanting survival rate and the average height of seedlings after 2 months of transplantation are counted.
TABLE 1
Item Mean height of seedlings after 2 months Survival rate of transplantation Germination rate
Unit of cm ％ ％
Example 1 34.12 99 98
Example 2 34.23 100 98
Example 3 34.35 100 99
Example 4 34.50 100 100
Example 5 34.63 100 100
Comparative example 1 29.89 90 92
Comparative example 2 32.12 87 89
Comparative example 3 31.09 94 94
Comparative example 4 33.03 96 95
As can be seen from the table 1, the germination rate of the transplanted rapes cultured by adopting the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention is 98-100%, the transplanting survival rate is 99-100%, and the average height of the seedlings is 34.12-34.63cm after 2 months after transplanting; by adopting the method in the prior art, the germination rate is 89-95%, the transplanting survival rate is 90-96%, and the average height of the seedlings after 3 months of transplanting is 29.89-33.03 cm; therefore, the embodiment of the invention discloses a novel method for transplanting the seedlings of the conventional rape, which has the advantages of better seedling transplanting effect, higher efficiency, higher germination rate and transplanting survival rate and better seedling growth quality.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. A novel method for culturing and transplanting conventional rape seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of matrix: crushing conventional matrix materials, adding a compound fertilizer, mixing with agricultural wastes, processing by a retting or ensiling or micro-storage or ammoniation method or fermentation, drying or baking after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, seed selection: selecting a rape variety as a hybrid rape variety with erucic acid content lower than 1%, sulfur content lower than 30mol/g, oil content of rapeseeds higher than 40%, high yield and strong stress resistance, wherein the selected rape seeds are required to be plump in texture;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a plot with high and dry terrain and deep soil layer as a seedbed, ploughing the land with the ploughing depth of 18-23cm and ditching for 25-35cm, then uniformly applying the matrix prepared in the step S1 to the seedbed to uniformly mix the matrix with the soil on the seedbed, and applying 55-75kg of base fertilizer per mu;
step S4, sowing: uniformly sowing the rape seeds selected in the step S2 into a seedbed, wherein each rape seed occupies 3-5 square centimeters of area, and burying the rape seeds in soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S5, transplanting: transplanting when the seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution to soak the roots, earthing after transplanting, and then carrying out field management on the transplanted rape.
2. The new conventional rape seedling transplanting method according to claim 1, wherein the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of rice vinegar, 0.2-0.5 part of potassium permanganate, 1-5 parts of humic acid, 1-20 parts of microbial inoculum, 0.5-2.5 parts of maltose, 0.1-0.3 part of ascorbyl glucoside, 0.5-1 part of indolebutyric acid and 1200 parts of water.
3. The new conventional rape seedling transplanting method according to claim 1, wherein the post-management specifically comprises: watering in the morning and at night before emergence of seedlings for drought resistance, applying 5-7 kilograms of urea or human excrement for topdressing 8-12 days before transplantation after transplantation to prevent and control aphids and cabbage caterpillars, and adding 1100 plus 1600 kilograms of urea plus 1600 kilograms of water per mu in case of drought in the day.
4. The new conventional rape seedling raising and transplanting method according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting row spacing is 12-15cm, and the transplanting density is 0.9-1.2 ten thousand plants per mu.
5. The new conventional rape seedling transplanting method according to claim 1, wherein the field management specifically comprises:
a, seedling searching and gap filling: after transplanting and turning green to survive, checking and replenishing seedlings;
b, weeding: carrying out primary chemical weeding 7-10 days after planting;
c, fertilizing: applying seedling raising fertilizer, wax fertilizer and boron fertilizer in the field;
d, drought resistance: watering when there is no rain in the long-drought, the lower leaves of the rape plants are red, and the whole plants are dark green and lusterless, and adding human excrement into clear water during watering;
e, early bolting and early flowering treatment: early sowing, high temperature in winter, early flowering and early flowering easily occur, and after the early flowering and early flowering are removed by cutting at high temperature in sunny days, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied;
f, cleaning and removing the stains: after spring, ditch cleaning and stain discharging are carried out, and no waterlogging is ensured in the field;
g, pest control: and (3) prevention and control of aphids: 2 bags of 10 percent imidacloprid are used per mu, 400 g of each bag is added with water, and two barrels are used for spraying; and (3) controlling cabbage caterpillars: 2 two sprays of 5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate are used per mu; the prevention and treatment measures of the sclerotinia sclerotiorum are as follows: firstly, cleaning the three ditches after spring, and removing diseased old yellow leaves in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in time; secondly, spraying 50 kilograms of 2-two carbendazim and water per mu in the initial flowering period; there is no chronological restriction between the above field management.
6. The new method for raising seedlings and transplanting of conventional rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conventional substrate material is at least one of peat, vermiculite, perlite and rock wool.
7. The novel method for raising and transplanting seedlings of conventional rapes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agricultural waste is at least one of rice chaff, mushroom mud, wood chips, chicken manure, pig manure and straw.
8. The novel method for raising and transplanting seedlings of conventional rapes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of potassium chloride, 10-15 parts of urea, 2-5 parts of 1, N6-vinylidene adenosine-5' -monophosphate disodium salt, 1-3 parts of boron slag and 0.5-1.5 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer.
9. The new conventional rape seedling transplantation method according to claim 8, wherein the preparation method of the N-vinylpyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer comprises the following steps: adding N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether and an initiator into a high-boiling-point solvent, stirring for 3-5 hours at 65-75 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then removing the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain an N-vinyl pyrrolidone/polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether copolymer; the mass ratio of the N-vinyl pyrrolidone, the polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether, the initiator and the high-boiling point solvent is (2-3) to 1 (0.02-0.04) to (10-15); the initiator is selected from at least one of azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisoheptonitrile; the high boiling point solvent is at least one of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
10. The novel method for raising and transplanting seedlings of conventional rapes as claimed in claim 8, wherein the preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the components according to the proportion, adding the mixture into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the compound fertilizer.
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