CN110692602A - Method for large-scale production of pea aphid workshop - Google Patents
Method for large-scale production of pea aphid workshop Download PDFInfo
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- CN110692602A CN110692602A CN201911104042.9A CN201911104042A CN110692602A CN 110692602 A CN110692602 A CN 110692602A CN 201911104042 A CN201911104042 A CN 201911104042A CN 110692602 A CN110692602 A CN 110692602A
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- 241000253994 Acyrthosiphon pisum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 235000010749 Vicia faba Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 240000006677 Vicia faba Species 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 235000002098 Vicia faba var. major Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000219843 Pisum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241001425390 Aphis fabae Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000042120 Propylea japonica Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000009298 Trigla lyra Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001292007 Chrysopa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000131066 Coccinella Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015001 Cucumis melo var inodorus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002495 Cucumis melo var. inodorus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000199694 Harmonia axyridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024386 fungal infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008186 parthenogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for large-scale production of a pea aphid workshop, which comprises the following steps: s1, seed treatment; s2, filling matrix soil for sowing; s3, watering the seedling pot; s4, seedling inoculation; s5, supplementing aphids; s6, cutting the feed; s7, post-processing; soaking broad bean seeds in water for 24 hours, fishing out and airing for 12 hours for sowing, selecting a seedling pot with the specification of 33.5cm multiplied by 27cm multiplied by 12cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height) and filling 3-5cm of rich agricultural substrate soil, selecting broad bean seeds with full seeds, planting according to the proportion of 10 multiplied by 10 (row multiplied by column), covering soil for 1cm after the seeds are planted, watering the seedling pot by using a water spray can for the first time, watering 500ml for the first time, moistening the bottom of the seedling pot, watering 200ml for one day before the seedling inoculation (the pea seedlings just expose buds), watering for every two days after the seedling inoculation, watering 200ml for each time, inoculating pea aphids when the bean seedlings are 2-4cm long, slightly shearing one pea aphid off, quickly shaking down into a small container, and picking out 30-40 pea aphids by using a line drawing pen to put on the bean seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of large-scale production of pea aphid workshops, in particular to a method for large-scale production of pea aphid workshops.
Background
The aphid belongs to the non-net long pipe genus of the family hemiptera aphididae, and a piercing-sucking mouthpart, mainly parthenogenesis, has large reproductive capacity and short development period, and is one of important pests on various plants. The body is oval, tentacle-shaped, the abdomen is provided with a pair of tubular structures, namely abdominal tubes, honeydew can be discharged from the abdominal tubes and can drip on plant leaves to cause mycosis, the growth and development of plants are influenced, and the yield and the quality of the plants are reduced.
Natural enemy insects (such as harmonia axyridis, propylaea japonica, chrysopa, coccinella diversifolia, and the like) are used as one of important biological control of aphididae insects, and how to breed the insects becomes particularly important. Its artificial feeding method can not produce large amount of living feed. The pea aphids are widely applied to feeding of natural enemy insects due to the characteristics of large individuals, strong reproductive capacity and the like, and are a subject feed.
The method provides the propylaea japonica control aphids for the facility greenhouse, and provides the living body nutrition required by growth of the propylaea japonica larvae and oviposition of adults by mass propagation of the pea aphids. At present, the host plant for artificially breeding the pea aphids is broad beans, the growth and development speed of the broad beans is high, tender stems are tender and succulent, and the broad beans are loved by the pea aphids. The germination rate of broad bean seeds and the healthy growth of bean seedlings are ensured, and the broad bean aphid breeding method is one of important factors for breeding pea aphids.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for large-scale production of a pea aphid workshop, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for large-scale production of a pea aphid workshop comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment;
s2, filling matrix soil for sowing;
s3, watering the seedling pot;
s4, seedling inoculation;
s5, supplementing aphids;
s6, cutting the feed;
and S7, post-processing.
As a further scheme of the invention: the step S1 is to soak the broad bean seeds in water for 24 hours, and then to take out and dry the broad bean seeds for 12 hours for sowing.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the step S2 is to fill 3-5cm of rich agricultural substrate soil in a seedling pot with the specification of 33.5cm multiplied by 27cm multiplied by 12cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), select broad bean seeds with full seeds, plant the broad bean seeds in the proportion of 10 multiplied by 10 (rows multiplied by columns), and cover the broad bean seeds with 1cm of soil after the seeds are planted.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and step S3, watering the seedling pot with a watering can, wherein 500ml of water is watered for the first time, the bottom of the seedling pot is wet, 200ml of water is watered one day before seedling inoculation (the pea seedling is just exposed), and 200ml of water is watered every two days after seedling inoculation.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and S4, specifically, inoculating pea aphids to the bean seedlings with the length of 2-4cm, slightly cutting one pea aphid from the pea aphids, quickly shaking the pea aphids into a small container, picking out 30-40 pea aphids by using a line drawing pen and placing the pea aphids on the bean seedlings, wherein the breeding temperature of the pea aphids is 20-28 ℃.
As a still further scheme of the invention: step S5 is specifically to perform aphid supplementary inoculation the next day after bean seedling inoculation, and if no aphid exists on individual plants or the number of aphids is small, the plants need to be inoculated again.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and S6, specifically, after sowing for 13 days, growing broad bean seedlings to 14-20cm, allowing pea aphids to climb over tender parts of the broad bean seedlings, allowing 200 heads of the pea aphids to be arranged on each broad bean seedling, shearing the tender parts of the broad bean seedlings, and feeding natural enemy insects.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and S7, specifically, planning and sowing in advance according to needs, and treating the cut bean seedling pot soil in a centralized drying oven (180 degrees and 30 minutes) for later use.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a large-scale production mode for pea aphid workshops, belongs to the green prevention and control technology, relates to artificial feeding of living food insects, can determine the using time, improve the aphid utilization rate, can realize mechanical production, saves cost and manpower, is convenient for artificial management, and is suitable for artificial feeding of natural enemy insects.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, a method for large-scale production of a pea aphid workshop comprises the following steps: s1, seed treatment; s2, filling matrix soil for sowing; s3, watering the seedling pot; s4, seedling inoculation; s5, supplementing aphids; s6, cutting the feed; s7, post-processing; the step S1 specifically includes soaking broad bean seeds in water for 24 hours, then fishing out and drying for 12 hours for sowing, the step S2 specifically includes selecting a seedling pot with the specification of 33.5cm × 27cm × 12cm (length × width × height), filling 3-5cm of agricultural-rich matrix soil, selecting broad bean seeds with full seeds, planting in the proportion of 10 × 10 (rows × columns), covering soil for 1cm after sowing, the step S3 specifically includes watering the seedling pot with a water spray can, watering 500ml for the first time, wetting the bottom of the seedling pot, watering 200ml one day before seedling inoculation (the pea seedlings just expose buds), watering once every two days after seedling inoculation, watering 200ml each time, the step S4 specifically includes inoculating bean aphids with the length of 2-4cm, cutting one bean aphid from the bean aphids, shaking the bean aphids into a small container rapidly, picking out 30-40 bean aphids with a line pen, placing the pea aphids on the pea aphids, the breeding temperature of the pea aphids is 20-28 ℃, the step S5 is to perform aphid patch grafting on the next day after the inoculation of the bean seedlings, if no aphid exists on individual plants or the number of the aphids is small, the aphids need to be re-inoculated, the step S6 is to plant the bean seedlings to be 14-20cm long after 13 days of seeding, the pea aphids climb over tender parts of the bean seedlings, 200 heads of the pea aphids are arranged on each bean seedling, the tender parts of the bean seedlings are cut, natural enemy insects are fed, the step S7 is to plan seeding in advance according to needs, and the cut bean seedlings are treated in a pot soil centralized drying oven (180 degrees and 30 minutes) for standby.
Example one
The production method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment, namely soaking the broad bean seeds in water for 24 hours, taking out and airing for 12 hours for sowing;
s2, filling matrix soil for sowing, selecting a seedling pot with the specification of 33.5cm multiplied by 27cm multiplied by 12cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height) to fill 3cm of rich agriculture matrix soil, selecting broad bean seeds with full seeds, planting the broad bean seeds in the proportion of 10 multiplied by 10 (rows multiplied by columns), and covering soil for 1cm after the seeds are planted;
s3, watering the seedling pot by a watering can for the first time by 500ml, watering the bottom of the seedling pot for the first time by 200ml one day before the seedling is inoculated (the pea seedling is just exposed), watering every two days after the seedling is inoculated by 200ml each time;
s4, seedling emergence and inoculation, namely, growing the bean seedlings to 2, inoculating pea aphids, slightly shearing one pea aphid from the pea aphid, quickly shaking the pea aphids into a small container, picking out 30 pea aphids with a thread drawing pen and placing the pea aphids on the bean seedlings, wherein the feeding temperature of the pea aphids is 20 ℃;
s5, replanting aphids the next day after the bean seedlings are inoculated, and if no aphids or fewer aphids exist on individual plants, re-inoculating;
s6, shearing feed, sowing for 13 days, growing broad bean seedlings to 14-20cm, allowing pea aphids to climb over tender parts of the broad bean seedlings, allowing 200 heads of the pea aphids to be arranged on each broad bean seedling, shearing tender parts of the broad bean seedlings, and feeding natural enemy insects;
and S7, performing post-treatment, namely planning and sowing seeds in advance according to needs, and performing centralized drying oven (180 degrees and 30 minutes) treatment on the cut bean seedling pot soil for later use.
Example two
The production method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment, namely soaking the broad bean seeds in water for 24 hours, taking out and airing for 12 hours for sowing;
s2, filling matrix soil for sowing, selecting a seedling pot with the specification of 33.5cm multiplied by 27cm multiplied by 12cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height) to fill 4cm of rich agriculture matrix soil, selecting broad bean seeds with full seeds, planting the broad bean seeds according to the proportion of 10 multiplied by 10 (rows multiplied by columns), and covering soil for 1cm after the seeds are planted;
s3, watering the seedling pot by a watering can for the first time by 500ml, watering the bottom of the seedling pot for the first time by 200ml one day before the seedling is inoculated (the pea seedling is just exposed), watering every two days after the seedling is inoculated by 200ml each time;
s4, seedling emergence and inoculation, namely inoculating pea aphids when bean seedlings grow to 3cm, slightly cutting one pea aphid from the pea aphid seeds, quickly shaking the pea aphids into a small container, picking out 35 pea aphid seeds by using a crochet pen and placing the pea aphids on the bean seedlings, wherein the feeding temperature of the pea aphids is 24 ℃;
s5, replanting aphids the next day after the bean seedlings are inoculated, and if no aphids or fewer aphids exist on individual plants, re-inoculating;
s6, shearing feed, sowing for 13 days, growing broad bean seedlings to 14-20cm, allowing pea aphids to climb over tender parts of the broad bean seedlings, allowing 200 heads of the pea aphids to be arranged on each broad bean seedling, shearing tender parts of the broad bean seedlings, and feeding natural enemy insects;
and S7, performing post-treatment, namely planning and sowing seeds in advance according to needs, and performing centralized drying oven (180 degrees and 30 minutes) treatment on the cut bean seedling pot soil for later use.
EXAMPLE III
The production method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment, namely soaking the broad bean seeds in water for 24 hours, taking out and airing for 12 hours for sowing;
s2, filling matrix soil for sowing, selecting a seedling pot with the specification of 33.5cm multiplied by 27cm multiplied by 12cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height) to fill 5cm of rich agriculture matrix soil, selecting broad bean seeds with full seeds, planting the broad bean seeds in the proportion of 10 multiplied by 10 (rows multiplied by columns), and covering soil for 1cm after the seeds are planted;
s3, watering the seedling pot by a watering can for the first time by 500ml, watering the bottom of the seedling pot for the first time by 200ml one day before the seedling is inoculated (the pea seedling is just exposed), watering every two days after the seedling is inoculated by 200ml each time;
s4, seedling emergence and inoculation, namely, inoculating pea aphids when bean seedlings grow to 4cm, slightly cutting one pea aphid from the pea aphid seeds, quickly shaking the pea aphids into a small container, picking out 40 pea aphid seeds by using a crochet pen and placing the pea aphids on the bean seedlings, wherein the feeding temperature of the pea aphids is 28 ℃;
s5, replanting aphids the next day after the bean seedlings are inoculated, and if no aphids or fewer aphids exist on individual plants, re-inoculating;
s6, shearing feed, sowing for 13 days, growing broad bean seedlings to 14-20cm, allowing pea aphids to climb over tender parts of the broad bean seedlings, allowing 200 heads of the pea aphids to be arranged on each broad bean seedling, shearing tender parts of the broad bean seedlings, and feeding natural enemy insects;
and S7, performing post-treatment, namely planning and sowing seeds in advance according to needs, and performing centralized drying oven (180 degrees and 30 minutes) treatment on the cut bean seedling pot soil for later use.
The pea aphids are raised under the condition of 3 temperatures, the temperature is 20 ℃, 24 ℃ and 28 ℃, 2 repeated tests are set, and the growth and reproduction conditions of the pea aphids under different temperature conditions are observed and recorded. The test is carried out in an artificial constant temperature incubator with humidity of 50-80% and photoperiod L: D =16: 8. And (4) investigating the population density of the pea aphids on the broad bean seedlings every day by a five-point sampling method. And (3) recording the emergence rate after broad beans are sowed (10 multiplied by 10/pot), basically emerging the broad beans after 5 days, and inoculating the pea aphids when the height of the seedlings is 2-4cm in the next day of emergence.
TABLE 1 Effect of temperature on Piper pisum reproduction
Emergence rate study: the emergence rate result of the planting mode shows that the time from sowing to emergence is 5 days, and the emergence rate is 83.5 percent.
Investigating the pea aphid breeding quantity: and (3) surveying from the next day after the pea aphids are inoculated, surveying the number of the pea aphids on the broad bean seedlings by a five-point sampling method, and continuously surveying for 6 days until the broad bean seedlings grow to 14-20 cm. Table 1 the results show that: under the temperature condition of 20-28 ℃, the number of the pea aphids continuously increases along with the temperature rise. However, under the condition of 28 ℃, the pea aphids have more winged aphids and are not beneficial to feeding, and meanwhile, due to the fact that the temperature is too high, the broad bean seedlings are required to be used as soon as possible due to slow growth and development and lodging; under the condition of 24 ℃, the young aphids on the broad bean seedlings are more, the winged aphids are fewer, the bean seedlings grow well, and the shearing feeding is convenient.
TABLE 2 growth status of the Piper pisum at different times
Growth rate study: in the planting mode, broad bean seedlings grow for 13 days, and the height of the broad bean seedlings is 14-20cm, so that the broad bean seedlings can be cut to feed.
Aphid utilization ratio: under this patent planting mode, pea aphid utilization ratio is higher, and more than 80%, broad bean seedling are long when 13 days, and the aphid utilization ratio is up to 85.6%. As can be seen from Table 2, the growth of the aphids on the peas is in a low-high-low mode along with the increase of the time, and the longer the time is, the weaker the growth vigor of the broad bean seedlings is, and the fewer the aphids are.
The invention relates to a large-scale production mode for pea aphid workshops, belongs to the green prevention and control technology, relates to artificial feeding of living food insects, can determine the using time, improve the aphid utilization rate, can realize mechanical production, saves cost and manpower, is convenient for artificial management, and is suitable for artificial feeding of natural enemy insects.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for large-scale production of pea aphids workshop is characterized by comprising the following steps: the production method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment;
s2, filling matrix soil for sowing;
s3, watering the seedling pot;
s4, seedling inoculation;
s5, supplementing aphids;
s6, cutting the feed;
and S7, post-processing.
2. The method for the mass production of the pea aphid workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S1 is to soak the broad bean seeds in water for 24 hours, and then to take out and dry the broad bean seeds for 12 hours for sowing.
3. The method for the mass production of the pea aphid workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S2 is to fill 3-5cm of rich agricultural substrate soil in a seedling pot with the specification of 33.5cm multiplied by 27cm multiplied by 12cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), select broad bean seeds with full seeds, plant the broad bean seeds in the proportion of 10 multiplied by 10 (rows multiplied by columns), and cover the broad bean seeds with 1cm of soil after the seeds are planted.
4. The method for the mass production of the pea aphid workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step S3, watering the seedling pot with a watering can, wherein 500ml of water is watered for the first time, the bottom of the seedling pot is wet, 200ml of water is watered one day before seedling inoculation (the pea seedling is just exposed), and 200ml of water is watered every two days after seedling inoculation.
5. The method for the mass production of the pea aphid workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that: and S4, specifically, inoculating pea aphids to the bean seedlings with the length of 2-4cm, slightly cutting one pea aphid from the pea aphids, quickly shaking the pea aphids into a small container, picking out 30-40 pea aphids by using a line drawing pen and placing the pea aphids on the bean seedlings, wherein the breeding temperature of the pea aphids is 20-28 ℃.
6. The method for the mass production of the pea aphid workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that: step S5 is specifically to perform aphid supplementary inoculation the next day after bean seedling inoculation, and if no aphid exists on individual plants or the number of aphids is small, the plants need to be inoculated again.
7. The method for the mass production of the pea aphid workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that: and S6, specifically, after sowing for 13 days, growing broad bean seedlings to 14-20cm, allowing pea aphids to climb over tender parts of the broad bean seedlings, allowing 200 heads of the pea aphids to be arranged on each broad bean seedling, shearing the tender parts of the broad bean seedlings, and feeding natural enemy insects.
8. The method for the mass production of the pea aphid workshop according to claim 1, characterized in that: and S7, specifically, planning and sowing in advance according to needs, and treating the cut bean seedling pot soil in a centralized drying oven (180 degrees and 30 minutes) for later use.
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2019
- 2019-11-13 CN CN201911104042.9A patent/CN110692602A/en active Pending
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KR20110032527A (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-03-30 | 김학남 | Mass production system of the natural enemy for banker plants |
CN104737990A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-01 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Method for artificially breeding great amounts of pea aphids |
CN106857410A (en) * | 2017-02-18 | 2017-06-20 | 夏鹏亮 | A kind of mass rearing method of acyrthosiphum pisim |
CN109258578A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-01-25 | 北京阔野田园生物技术有限公司 | A kind of method of Larva Harmonia Axyridis indoor industrially raising |
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