CN110547841A - 动脉瘤装置及递送系统 - Google Patents

动脉瘤装置及递送系统 Download PDF

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CN110547841A
CN110547841A CN201910469249.XA CN201910469249A CN110547841A CN 110547841 A CN110547841 A CN 110547841A CN 201910469249 A CN201910469249 A CN 201910469249A CN 110547841 A CN110547841 A CN 110547841A
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L.戈罗乔
A.索托德瓦勒
J.洛伦佐
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DePuy Synthes Products Inc
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Abstract

本发明题为“动脉瘤装置及递送系统”。本公开涉及一种用于治疗动脉瘤的编织物。该编织物可包括远侧端部和近侧端部。平移该编织物可使输送部分膨胀并且形成远侧囊以及自身倒置。

Description

动脉瘤装置及递送系统
技术领域
本公开涉及医疗器械，并且更具体地涉及用于动脉瘤治疗的递送系统。
背景技术
动脉瘤可能是复杂且难以治疗的。例如，当动脉瘤位于关键组织附近时，治疗通路可能受到限制或不可用。由于颅脉管周围的脑组织相应的有限治疗通路，此类因素尤其与颅动脉瘤有关。
现有解决方案包括血管内治疗通路，其中动脉瘤囊的内部体积被移除或排除在动脉血压和血流之外。在这方面，因为动脉瘤的内壁可能继续受到血液流动和相关的压力，所以动脉瘤破裂仍然是可能的。
血管内或其它外科方法的替代方案可包括闭塞装置。这种装置通常具有并入的多个栓塞线圈，这些线圈使用微导管递送系统将其递送到脉管系统。例如，当治疗颅内动脉瘤时，通常首先通过髋部或腹股沟区的股动脉将具有栓塞线圈的递送导管插入非颅血管系统。然后，将导管引导至脑壳内的感兴趣位置。然后，动脉瘤的囊中可以填充有栓塞材料以形成血栓块，所述血栓块保护动脉壁不受血流和相关压力的影响。然而，此类闭塞装置确实具有某些缺点，包括块效应，这可使大脑及其神经受到压迫。此外，栓塞线圈并不总是有效地治疗动脉瘤，因为动脉瘤的再通和/或线圈压实可随时间推移而发生。
一种特定类型的闭塞方法致力于传输和治疗动脉瘤的入口或“颈部”而不是通过将装置植入动脉瘤的载瘤血管中来确定动脉瘤的体积。在此类“颈部”方法中，通过使横跨颈部的血流量最小化，可实现进入动脉瘤的流动停止。继而，血栓块可自然形成，而不必将栓塞材料递送到动脉瘤囊中，如前所述。该方法比由栓塞材料形成的块更加优选，因为天然块可通过减少动脉壁可能的膨胀来改善愈合，并且允许沿动脉瘤的颈部平面重新整合到原始载瘤血管形状中。应当理解，颈部平面是一个假想的表面，其中载瘤壁的最内层将是动脉瘤所在的位置。然而，颈部闭塞方法(诸如在载瘤血管中植入阻流装置)并非没有缺点。这种类型的方法可阻止血流进入外周血管，同时堵塞载瘤血管中的动脉瘤颈部。如果血管的开口被堵塞，阻止流向外周血管的流动可无意地导致严重损伤。
本公开的解决方案解决了本领域的这些和其它问题。
发明内容
在一些实施方案中，本公开涉及用于治疗动脉瘤的编织物。该编织物可包括远侧端部和近侧端部。该编织物也可包括围绕远侧端部设置的远侧段。远侧段可被配置为从微导管内的收缩状态过渡到微导管远侧的展开状态，由此远侧段已径向膨胀以形成远侧囊。中心段可设置成与远侧段连通。中心段能够倒置到远侧囊中，近侧段可设置成与中心段连通并且围绕近侧端部设置。近侧段能够在展开状态下折入到中心段中。近侧段、远侧段和中心段中的每个均可具有不同的孔隙度和/或不同的柔韧性。
在一些实施方案中，远侧段、中心段和近侧段均由单个单体结构形成。
在一些实施方案中，远侧段、中心段和近侧段为单个网的离散连接部件。
在一些实施方案中，拐点设置在中心段与远侧段之间。编织物的近侧端部可被配置为在展开状态下折入到远侧囊内部，直至将中心段倒置，使得拐点邻近动脉瘤的颈部设置，以引起流动转向效应。
在一些实施方案中，公开了用于治疗动脉瘤的编织物。该编织物可包括远侧端部和近侧端部。编织物也可包括围绕远侧端部设置的远侧段，该远侧段可操作以从微导管内的收缩状态过渡到微导管远侧的展开状态，由此远侧段径向膨胀以形成远侧囊。近侧段可围绕近侧端部设置，其中近侧段能够倒置并且折入到远侧囊中。
在一些实施方案中，近侧段包括的孔隙度大于远侧段的孔隙度，反之亦然。近侧端部可被配置为在展开状态下折入到远侧囊内部，直至远侧段的近侧端部邻近动脉瘤的颈部设置，以引起流动转向效应。远侧囊也可为球形的，尽管编织物不受此限制，并且其远侧囊可根据需要或要求采取任何形状。远侧段可包括的柔韧性大于近侧段的柔韧性，反之亦然。
在一些实施方案中，编织物也可包括设置在近侧段与远侧段之间的拐点。当拐点位于微导管的远侧时，近侧段也可被配置为倒置。当编织物相对于微导管和/或动脉瘤向远侧平移预定距离时，近侧段可被配置为通过拐点倒置。
在一些实施方案中，近侧段被配置为在编织物向远侧推入动脉瘤深处时被倒置到远侧段中。近侧段可被配置为以“管套”的方式倒置在远侧段中。
在一些实施方案中，远侧囊具有至少两倍于微导管的直径。然而，根据被闭塞的特定动脉瘤的需要或要求，处于展开状态的远侧囊的直径可更大或更小。
在一些实施方案中，编织物可包括设置在近侧段与远侧段之间的中心段。近侧段、远侧段和中心段中的每个均可包括不同的柔韧性。中心段可包括的柔韧性大于近侧段和远侧段的柔韧性的柔韧性。远侧段的柔韧性可大于近侧段的柔韧性。在一些实施方案中，在展开状态下，中心段中的至少一些可为渐缩的，其中中心段与远侧段连通。
在一些实施方案中，近侧段、远侧段和中心段中的每个均包括不同的孔隙度。中心段可包括的孔隙度大于近侧段和远侧段的孔隙度。远侧段的孔隙度可大于近侧段的孔隙度。中心段可被配置用于在展开状态下定位在动脉瘤的颈部上或附近，以引起流转向效应。
在一些实施方案中，第一拐点可设置在远侧段与中心段之间，并且第二拐点可设置在中心段与近侧段之间。在展开状态下，拐点被配置为当编织物向远侧平移第一距离时使远侧段的近侧端部屈曲。在展开状态下，拐点被配置为当编织物向远侧平移第二距离时使中心段倒置到远侧段中。在其它实施方案中，在展开状态下，第一拐点被配置为使远侧段的近侧端部围绕动脉瘤的颈部屈曲，并且第二拐点被配置为使中心段倒置到远侧段中。在其它实施方案中，当第一拐点位于微导管的远侧(例如，在动脉瘤内)时，第一拐点被配置为使远侧段的近侧端部围绕动脉瘤的颈部屈曲，并且当第二拐点位于微导管的远侧时，第二拐点被配置为使中心段倒置到远侧段中，并且近侧段折入到中心段中。
在一些实施方案中，近侧段和/或中心段被配置为在展开状态下折入到远侧囊内部，直至第一拐点邻近动脉瘤的颈部设置，以引起流动转向效应。近侧段和中心段也可被配置为以“管套”的方式倒置到远侧段中。
在一些实施方案中，公开了用于治疗动脉瘤的闭塞系统。该系统可包括微导管和可平移地设置在微导管中的递送管。也可包括编织物，并且该编织物可拆卸地连接到递送管(例如，设置在编织物的近侧端部处的锁定部分可拆卸地连接到递送管的远侧端部)并且以收缩状态可滑动地设置在微导管内，并且可从微导管内向远侧平移至动脉瘤中微导管的远侧展开状态。当编织物的远侧端部向远侧离开微导管，接触动脉瘤壁和/或以其它方式设置在微导管远侧的动脉瘤内部时，编织物可(包括远侧、中心和/或近侧可膨胀段)膨胀至展开状态。
在一些实施方案中，将编织物向远侧平移远离微导管使中心段倒置到远侧囊中，并且近侧段折入到中心段中。在一些实施方案中，中心段可包括的孔隙度大于近侧段和远侧段的孔隙度。远侧段的孔隙度可大于近侧段的孔隙度。中心段可被配置用于在展开状态下定位在动脉瘤的颈部上或附近，以引起流转向效应。
在一些实施方案中，在展开状态下，编织物可从动脉瘤中的微导管和/或递送管上拆下。
在一些实施方案中，该系统也可包括不透射线的实体(诸如编织到编织物中的铂线或用铂拉伸的填充管线)使得该装置可在荧光透视检查下成像。包括这些实体将允许用户理解和可视化远侧囊相对于动脉瘤的位置。远侧囊的取向和/或位置或编织物的任何其它特征可通过由递送管向远侧或向近侧移动的编织物来调节。
在一些实施方案中，该系统也可包括可操作地连接到闭塞装置的成像装置。成像装置能够使远侧囊相对于动脉瘤成像，使得远侧囊的取向和/或位置或编织物的任何其它特征可通过由递送管向远侧或向近侧移动的编织物来调节。
在一些实施方案中，公开了一种闭塞动脉瘤的方法。该方法可包括将编织物选择性地定位在动脉瘤的颈部处或附近；将该编织物向远侧滑动到动脉瘤中；径向膨胀该编织物的远侧段以在动脉瘤内部形成远侧囊，该远侧囊被配置为闭塞动脉瘤；将该编织物进一步向远侧滑动到动脉瘤中，从而使该远侧段环扣围绕动脉瘤的颈部屈曲；将该编织物进一步向远侧滑动到动脉瘤中，从而将该编织物的中心段倒置到远侧段中；将该编织物的近侧段折入到中心段中；以及在动脉瘤内释放该编织物。
在一些实施方案中，该方法可包括将近侧段折入到中心段中，直至远侧段与中心段之间的拐点与动脉瘤的颈部邻近或连通；以及引起横跨动脉瘤的颈部的流动转向效应。在一些实施方案中，在所述折入期间，远侧段不会相对于远侧段移动。
在一些实施方案中，该方法可包括将第一拐点定位在远侧段与中心段之间；将第二拐点定位在中心段与近侧段之间；当将编织物的近侧端部相对于动脉瘤的颈部向远侧平移第一距离时，通过第一拐点使远侧段围绕动脉瘤的颈部屈曲；以及通过将编织物的近侧端部相对于动脉瘤的颈部向远侧平移第二距离，通过第二拐点将中心段倒置到远侧段中。在一些实施方案中，通过第二拐点将中心段倒置到远侧段中使得中心段渐缩到远侧段中。中心段与远侧段之间的渐缩部分也可设置在处于展开状态的动脉瘤的颈部上或附近。
在一些实施方案中，该方法可包括形成孔隙度大于近侧段和远侧段的孔隙度的中心段；以及形成大于近侧段的孔隙度的远侧段的孔隙度。
在一些实施方案中，公开了一种闭塞动脉瘤的方法。该方法可包括用递送管定位编织物，该编织物与微导管一起处于收缩状态；将微导管、递送管和编织物选择性地定位在动脉瘤的颈部处或附近；通过递送管将编织物从微导管向远侧滑动到动脉瘤中；径向膨胀该编织物的远侧段以在动脉瘤内部形成远侧囊，该远侧囊被配置为闭塞动脉瘤；通过递送管将编织物进一步向远侧滑动，从而使远侧段围绕动脉瘤的颈部屈曲；通过递送管将编织物进一步向远侧滑动，从而将靠近远侧段的编织物的中心段倒置到远侧囊中；将靠近中心段的远侧段折入到中心段中；并且释放动脉瘤内的编织物，并且从动脉瘤中抽出递送管和微导管。
在一些实施方案中，该方法可包括将第一拐点定位在远侧段与中心段之间；将第二拐点定位在中心段与近侧段之间；当将编织物的近侧端部相对于动脉瘤的颈部向远侧平移第一距离时，通过第一拐点使远侧段围绕动脉瘤的颈部屈曲；以及通过将编织物的近侧端部相对于动脉瘤的颈部向远侧平移第二距离，通过第二拐点将中心段倒置到远侧段中，。
在一些实施方案中，将中心段倒置到远侧囊中产生横跨动脉瘤的颈部的流动转向效应。
在一些实施方案中，该方法可包括形成具有不同孔隙度的近侧、远侧和中心段中的每个。
在一些实施方案中，该方法可包括形成孔隙度大于近侧段和远侧段的孔隙度的中心段；以及形成大于近侧段的孔隙度的远侧段的孔隙度。
在一些实施方案中，该方法可包括将近侧段折入中心段中，直至中心段与邻近动脉瘤的颈部或与动脉瘤的颈部连通；以及引起横跨动脉瘤的颈部的流动转向效应。
在结合附图查看以下具体描述之后，本公开的其它方面和特征对于本领域普通技术人员将变得显而易见。
附图说明
现在将参考附图，附图不一定按比例绘制。
图1描绘了部分展开到动脉瘤中的本公开的示例性闭塞装置；
图2为具有在微导管内连通并且从微导管展开的闭塞装置的示例性递送系统的示意性侧视图；
图3是图1至图2所示处于膨胀状态的编织物的放大示意性侧视图；
图4A为在编织物被连续地推入示例性动脉瘤中时图1至图3的递送系统和编织物的放大示意性侧视图；
图4B是在编织物被推入示例性动脉瘤中时图1至图3的递送系统和编织物的放大示意性侧视图；
图5A为在编织物被推入且倒置在示例性动脉瘤中时图1至图3的递送系统和编织物的放大示意性侧视图；
图5B为在编织物被部署到示例性动脉瘤中之后图1至图3的递送系统和编织物的放大示意性侧视图；
图6A为示出与示例性闭塞装置一起使用的示例性递送系统的透视示意图；
图6B为图6A的透视示意图，但是具有递送系统和闭塞装置的部分横截面；
图7A为图6A至图6B的透视示意图，部署有递送系统和闭塞装置的部分横截面；
图7B为图6A至图6B的透视示意图，部署有与闭塞装置分离的示例性递送系统；
图8为递送闭塞装置的方法的流程图；
图9是递送闭塞装置的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
尽管本文详细解释了所公开技术的示例实施方案，但是应当理解可以设想其它实施方案。因此，并不意图将所公开技术的范围限制在以下描述中阐述的或附图中所示的部件的构造和布置的细节。所公开技术能够具有其它实施方案并且能够以各种方式实践或实施。
还应该注意的是，除非上下文清楚地指明，否则本说明书和所附权利要求中所用的单数形式“一个/一种”和“所述/该”包括复数指代物。所谓“包含”或“含有”或“包括”是指至少命名的化合物、元素、颗粒或方法步骤存在于组合物或制品或方法中，但不排除存在其它化合物、材料、颗粒、方法步骤，即使其它此类化合物、材料、颗粒、方法步骤具有与命名的那些相同的功能。
在描述示例实施方案时，为了清楚起见，将采用术语。旨在使每个术语设想其本领域技术人员理解的最广泛的含义，并且包括以类似方式操作以实现类似目的的所有技术等同物。还应当理解，提到方法的一个或多个步骤不排除存在附加的方法步骤或在那些明确标识的步骤之间的中间方法步骤。在不脱离所公开技术的范围的情况下，可以与本文所述的顺序不同的顺序执行方法的步骤。类似地，还应当理解，提到装置或系统中的一个或多个部件不排除存在附加的部件或在那些明确标识的部件之间的中间部件。
如本文所讨论的，“受试者”或“患者”的脉管系统可以是人或任何动物的脉管系统。应当理解，动物可以是各种任何适用的类型，包括但不限于哺乳动物、兽医动物、家畜动物或宠物类动物等。例如，动物可以是专门选择具有与人类相似的某些特征的实验动物(例如，大鼠、狗、猪、猴等)。应当理解，受试者可以是例如任何适用的人类患者。
如本文所讨论的，“操作者”可包括医生、外科医生或者与将编织体递送到受试者的脉管系统相关联的任何其它个体或递送仪器。
转到图1，示出了展开到血管BV的动脉瘤A中但尚未从微导管20(包括设置在其中的递送管30)释放的本公开的示例性编织物10，该编织物10在图2中更清楚地示出。编织物10通过作为被配置为治疗动脉瘤A并改善动脉瘤颈部的密封的单个装置来解决线圈的缺点。在图1中，微导管20已被递送至动脉瘤A的颈部，并且远侧囊由编织物10的远侧段12形成。编织物10示出为形成预定的形状和结构，其被配置为勾勒动脉瘤A的壁轮廓并支撑动脉瘤A的壁。
图1中示出的微导管20的尺寸是考虑到导管所必须穿过以到达治疗部位的动脉瘤或体腔的尺寸、形状和方向性来选择的。微导管20可在任何地方具有80厘米至170厘米的总可用长度。微导管20可在任何地方具有0.015英寸与0.032英寸之间的内径ID。外径OD的尺寸也可变化并且可在其近侧端部或远侧端部处变窄。在其近侧端部26处，微导管20可由最终用户手动操作，并且在其远侧端部24处可如图所示可操作以定位在动脉瘤A的颈部处。虽然微导管20的远侧端部24可包括编织物10，但是端部24的形状可变化并且可以一定角度弯曲。
转到图2，示出了编织物10在与输送管30连接并且从微导管20以展开构型展开但在定位在动脉瘤A中之前的示意性侧视图。输送管30能够被远侧推动通过微导管20。递送管30可以是基本细长的，并且可从微导管20的近侧端部26延伸到远侧端部24。管30通常可沿微导管20的内腔延伸，并且可在其外表面和微导管20的内表面之间留有空间。继而，递送管30和微导管20可轴向对齐。递送管30和微导管20一起可将编织物10递送至感兴趣位置(例如，病灶部位)。在某些实施方案中，微导管20可预先放置在动脉瘤颈部的水平处并且用于跟踪编织物10到病灶。递送管30可在锁定部分54处与编织物10机械连接。编织物10可通过可滑动附接件、永久附接件(例如，卷曲、激光、超声焊接或其它热源、粘合剂等)或其它可分离附接方法附接到锁定部分54。当递送管30在锁定部分54处机械附接到编织物10时，朝向动脉瘤A向远侧平移、滑动或以其它方式移动管30可使编织物10开始从微导管20内的收缩状态移动到具有用于闭塞动脉瘤A的编织物10的远侧囊的微导管外部的展开状态，如下面更具体地讨论的。
编织物10可包括开放的远侧端部14和近侧端部16。编织物10可由自膨胀和可倒置的多丝结构形成，该多丝结构包括管状网或编织物。编织物10的远侧囊可在展开期间形成，因为编织物10的远侧端部14从微导管20滑出并进入动脉瘤A。编织物10的网可由具有由编织细丝限定的网开口的一个或多个网图案限定。编织物10的网可由若干材料(诸如沉积的薄膜)制成。编织物10的网可包括多根线，例如4至96根线。线的数量、线的角度和线的直径均可为控制编织物10的材料属性(包括孔隙度和柔韧性)的因素。
编织物10(包括段12的远侧囊)的展开状态可通过编织物10从微导管20内的收缩状态向远侧平移并附接到递送管30，然后在微导管20的远侧展开到动脉瘤A中而形成。编织物10的网被配置为使得在编织物10向远侧平移并且端部14从微导管20内离开时，编织物10的包括远侧段12的部分可开始径向膨胀。当编织物10进一步平移时，在动脉瘤A内部时，编织物10的靠近段12的段(包括中心段11和/或近侧段13)也可开始膨胀、屈曲和/或使其倒置到编织物10中。线可由多种合金制成，例如镍-钛合金、钴铬合金、铂、镍钛合金、不锈钢、钽或其它合金，或任何其它合适的生物相容材料或这些材料的组合。而且，这些材料可随着时间的推移被患者吸收或不可被患者吸收。在一些实施方案中，编织物10中的一些或全部可为复丝圆柱形网，该网优选由用于射线不透性的具有交织的铂丝镍钛诺或者具有10％至40％铂的拉伸填充管镍钛诺制成。编织物10的网中的孔也可形成基本一体的框架或网。因此，孔可为任何尺寸、形状或孔隙度，并且可在整个编织物10的网壁内均匀或随机地间隔开。孔可提供具有柔韧性的编织物10的管状元件，并且还有助于网从塌缩状态转换到膨胀的展开状态，反之亦然。
转到图3，图1至图2的编织物10的放大示意性侧视图以特写的膨胀状态示出。编织物10的网的其它部分可具有不同的孔隙度和/或其它材料特性，包括编织物10的段11和13。编织物10可包括若干段，包括在展开状态下与段12相关联的大致球形的远侧囊。中心段11可与段12连通并且在其从邻近段13的相对细长部分连通至段12的远侧囊时为渐缩的。换句话讲，段11可包括渐缩部分和细长管状部分，其中段11与段13连通。当与微导管20组装时，段13继而可为基本上细长的并且从段11向近侧延伸至锁定部分54和/或递送管30。段13可具有与段11的近侧端部相同的直径，或者段13也可具有小于段11的直径。在这方面，编织物10可包括三个多孔段(包括段11、段12和段)13，并且段11、段12和段13中的每个均可具有变化的柔韧性和/或孔隙度。例如，段11(包括其渐缩部分)可为相对柔软且柔性的，而其中与段13连通的段11可具有较低的柔韧性和较低的孔隙度。以这种方式变化的柔韧性和/或孔隙度可引起段12屈曲和/或导致段11自身倒置(如套)，因为其近侧较硬端部被进一步向远侧推入段12的远侧囊中。
编织物10的段11的孔隙度可小于段13和/或囊12的段的孔隙度。与段11、段12、段13和/或编织物10的任何其它区域或段相关联的孔隙可包括具有与其它孔隙区域中的细丝不同的形状的细丝。类似地，编织物10的段13可具有与段11和段13的孔隙度或柔韧性不同的孔隙度或柔韧性。例如，段13的孔隙度可小于段11和/或段12的孔隙度。段13也可具有小于段11和/或段12的柔韧性，以便在递送和倒置期间引起编织物10倒置，因为编织物10在动脉瘤内展开和膨胀。编织物10也可由用于不透射线性的具有交织铂的镍钛合金制成。当编织物10在动脉瘤A中展开时，段11、段12和段13的不同属性可允许编织物10自身倒置(如套)。
为了促进编织物10的倒置，包括将段11倒置到段12中，可修改编织物10以弱化段12(例如，通过在动脉瘤A内部形成远侧囊之后促进段12的屈曲)或以其它方式使段11更有可能倒置。例如，编织物10可包括设置在段11与段12之间和/或段11与段13之间的彼此连通的拐点9。拐点9可为局部区域或可用作每个邻接段之间的边界或间距。拐点9可为预弱化区域，其根据需要或要求引起编织物10的屈曲或倒置。然而，编织物10不限于此，并且可修改其它属性以引起倒置，包括局部编织角变化、在段11的渐缩区域上移除线和/或局部化热处理以改变编织属性。如图所示，段11、段12和段13可被配置为使得在展开期间可使段12围绕动脉瘤的颈部屈曲，使得段11可被倒置到段12中。这种新颖的编织物10特别有利，因为段12的屈曲用作防止段12过度膨胀并且有可能破坏动脉瘤A的安全机构。在动脉瘤A的颈部上或邻近动脉瘤A的倒置段11可继而引起横跨动脉瘤A的颈部的流动转向效应。这是因为当编织物10被倒置并在动脉瘤中展开时，段13可与动脉瘤的颈部连通，因为端部16可折入到段12中(例如，参见图5B)。
在某些实施方案中，编织物10的段11、段12、段13中的一个或一些的编织角可相对于编织物10的纵向轴线变化。编织物10的线直径、经纬密度(即，每线性测量的线交叉数量)也可在编织物10的段之间变化或以其它方式修改以改变装置属性以及热定形形状。处于展开状态的编织物10的直径，包括段12的远侧囊的膨胀直径，以及编织线计数可根据治疗动脉瘤所需的远侧囊直径而变化。然而，编织物10不限于此并且其可具有编织角、节距计数、线直径、孔隙度或编织物10的任何其它属性，其在整体上基本相似。编织物10的纤维可通过经由热粘结(通过激光或超声波焊接)、溶剂或粘合剂粘结、卷边或任何其它附接方式在端部16其自由端处进行固定而形成。编织物10的每个段的纤维可通过溶剂、粘合剂或热粘结(如激光、超声波焊接或任何其它热源)在其内部交叉点处进行粘结，以降低编织物10的某些段中的柔韧性。
图4A至图5B描绘了编织物10的放大示意性侧视图，该编织物10附接到输送管30并且当编织物10从微导管20被推入示例性动脉瘤A时部分地设置在微导管20中。在形成远侧囊时(例如，两倍于微导管20的直径)，图4A至图5B中示出了段12的径向膨胀至大于微导管20的直径的外径。如图4A中所示，编织物10的段12已从处于微导管20内部的收缩状态膨胀到展开状态，在微导管20的远侧并且开始在动脉瘤A内部形成段12的远侧囊。微导管20、输送管30和/或编织物10之间的组装可在被引入脉管系统之前进行。段12的远侧囊被示出为朝向动脉瘤A的外壁径向膨胀，而其近侧的段(例如，段11、段13)继续由更深入动脉瘤A的输送管30向远侧平移。图4A中的段12开始在动脉瘤A内部呈大致球形形状，因为编织物10向远侧平移到动脉瘤A中，进一步远离导管20。
在图4B中，输送管30向远侧移动到动脉瘤A中更深处。继而，设置在段11与段12之间的拐点9使段12屈曲。通过屈曲，使邻近动脉瘤A的颈部的段12的部分弯曲或以其它方式远离拐点9向远侧的轮廓。如图所示，在段12屈曲之后，段12的部分围绕段11弯曲到期望的膨胀的闭塞设置。
在图5A中，输送管30进一步向远侧推入动脉瘤A中，直至段11完全位于段12的远侧囊内部，并且包括锁定部分54的端部16位于动脉瘤A的颈部水平处或附近。在图5A中，在图4B中扣合段12之后，段11由于向远侧更深地移动到动脉瘤A中而倒置。在一个示例中，当编织物10的端部14或段12的范围抵靠动脉瘤A的壁相对固定而输送管30向远侧推离微导管20时，可发生段11向段12的倒置。片段12也被示出为从未展开状态的预展开膨胀到图4B所示的囊，并且这种膨胀是由输送管30向远侧驱动引起的。递送管30可由操作者等通过海波管从其近侧端部36驱动。编织物10在段11和段13处的倒置可类似于管套如何配置为自身倒置。在将段11倒置到段12中时，输送管30可向远侧继续将段13推入段11中，如图所示。具体地，段13可在展开状态下折入到段11中。在某些实施方案中，当段13向远侧折入段11更深处时，段11在段11与段12之间的接合处渐缩。在某些实施方案中，当该渐缩发生时，导致在颈部上或颈部附近的段12的近侧部分与动脉瘤的颈部共混和/或勾勒动脉瘤的颈部的轮廓，从而在脉管系统中引起流动转向效应。
在某些实施方案中，段13可以仅在结构上能够以预定距离折入到段11中并且因此防止在任何更深处折入到动脉瘤A中。例如，段13可能够被折入，直至段11和段12的拐点9设置在动脉瘤的颈部上或附近。这用作编织物10的附加安全特征，因为将防止段12的远侧囊膨胀超过预定直径。如图5A所示，段11与段12之间的拐点9示出为布置在动脉瘤A的颈部上或附近，而段11与段13之间的第二拐点9布置在动脉瘤A的更深处(例如，位于其中心)。在这方面，段11现在完全倒置到段12的远侧囊中，而段13完全倒置到段12中。如在荧光镜透视检查所示，锁定部分54和/或输送管30的部分可位于动脉瘤A的颈部水平处。递送管30可向远侧滑动编织物10，直至端部16和/或锁定部分54被折入到动脉瘤A中。
在图4A至图5B所示的示例性递送期间，微导管20可保持相对静止或固定。由于段11、段12和段13可包括不同的编织特性，包括柔韧性和/或孔隙度，因此将段11倒置到段12中和/或将段13折入倒置到段11中是尤其有利的。例如，段11和/或折入段13的倒置防止编织物10产生否则将延伸到载瘤血管中的突起。相反，任何此类突起现在都被倒置并折入到动脉瘤A中的编织物10的远侧囊中。倒置段11和/或折入段13也可防止编织物10在移动到展开状态时使动脉瘤A破裂。
应当理解，拐点9可形成在段11、段12、段13之间的编织物10的空隙中，使得在编织物10在微导管20外侧向远侧平移预定距离之后发生段12的屈曲和/或段11的倒置。例如，将编织物10相对于动脉瘤A向远侧平移第一距离可使段12围绕动脉瘤的颈部屈曲。将编织物相对于动脉瘤A向远侧平移第二距离可使段11倒置到段12中。点9可为针对特定尺寸的远侧囊预先设定的一个或多个弱化区域、领域或屈曲点。另选地，可不包括拐点9，而是编织物10可在编织物的端部14接触动脉瘤A的圆顶时屈曲、倒置和折入(基于编织物10的预先选择的柔韧性和/或以特定方式设定编织物的热量)。
一旦段11、段12和段13被选择性地定位并布置成期望的条件(例如，编织物10已向远侧平移到动脉瘤A以膨胀段12来形成其囊、环扣，段11已被倒置，并且段13被折入其中)，编织物10可从输送管30上拆卸下来，如图5B所示。具体地，图5B示出了以足以闭塞动脉瘤A的方式完全形成的段12的远侧囊。然而，如果段12的囊未精确定位或者如果需要在动脉瘤A内重置或调整段12和/或其近侧的任何内部设置的段，则通过将输送管30向近端抽回到微导管20中同时仍然连接到编织物10上，编织物10(包括段11、段12、段13)可缩回到微导管20中。在图5A中，由于段12的囊已选择性地定位并形成在动脉瘤A内，因此递送管30可向近侧平移回到微导管20中，并且两者均可从编织物10和动脉瘤A回缩。
图6A至图7B总体上示出了递送管30与编织物10之间的示例附接和递送，用于在动脉瘤A中展开和分离编织物10。图6A至图7B的实施方案仅为递送管30和编织物10可在端部34处附接的一种方式，并且根据需要或要求可设想任何数量的附接手段。如图所示的递送管30可具有从近侧端部36延伸到远侧递送端部34的腔体。图6A示出了与锁定构件52接合的编织物10和锁入锁定部分54的环线58。可穿过锁定部分54放置环线58的开口59。锁定部分54优选地采用小直径细长细丝的形式，然而，例如线或管状结构等其它形式也可以是合适的。虽然锁定部分54优选地由镍钛诺形成，但例如不锈钢、PTFE、尼龙、陶瓷或玻璃纤维及复合物等其它金属和材料也可以是合适的。在一个示例中，锁定构件52可为细长的可回缩纤维，其可在微导管20的端部24和端部26之间延伸。锁定构件52优选地采用小直径细长细丝的形式，然而，例如线或管状结构等其它形式也可以是合适的。虽然锁定构件52优选地由镍钛诺形成，但例如不锈钢、PTFE、尼龙、陶瓷或玻璃纤维及复合物等其它金属和材料也可以是合适的。当锁定构件52穿过开口59时，编织物10现在是固定的。应当理解，递送管30可包括设置在其端部34和端部36之间的可压缩部分38。
可压缩部分38可允许递送管30弯曲和/或挠曲。这种柔韧性可帮助通过微导管20跟踪编织物10和通过脉管系统的曲折路径。可压缩部分38可形成有干涉螺旋切口，该干涉螺旋切口可允许有间隙以允许弯曲，但是在一个示例中，不用作螺旋切割弹簧。可压缩部分38可在伸长状态和压缩状态之间轴向调节。然而，允许轴向调节的任何其它布置(例如，缠绕线或螺旋带)也可适合与根据本公开的分离系统一起使用。除非另有限制，否则可压缩部分38在静止时可处于伸长状态并且从压缩状态自动地或弹性地返回到伸长状态。本文更详细地描述了可压缩部分38的功能。
预先施加力F以将递送管30置于压缩状态。图6B示出了朝近侧拉动锁定构件52以开始编织物10的释放序列。图7A示出了锁定构件52离开开口59并被拉出环线58的瞬间。环线58的远侧端部62脱离/返回其预成形形状并离开锁定部分54。可以看出，现在没有任何东西将编织物10保持到递送管30。图7B示出了释放序列的结束。在此，递送管30的可压缩部分38已膨胀/恢复到其原始形状并且向前“弹出”。由递送管30的远侧端部34向编织物10施加弹力E以将其“推动”离开，以确保清洁分离并将编织物10递送到动脉瘤A。应当理解，图6A至图7B中描述的递送方案仅是递送编织物10的示例性方法。
图8为闭塞动脉瘤的方法800的流程图。步骤805包括将编织物选择性地定位在动脉瘤的颈部处或附近。步骤810包括将编织物向远侧滑动到动脉瘤中。步骤815包括径向膨胀编织物的远侧段以在动脉瘤内部形成远侧囊，该远侧囊被配置为闭塞动脉瘤。步骤820包括将编织物进一步向远侧滑动到动脉瘤中，从而使远侧段环扣围绕动脉瘤的颈部屈曲。步骤825包括将编织物进一步向远侧滑动到动脉瘤中，从而将编织物的中心段倒置到远侧段中。步骤830包括将编织物的近侧段折入到中心段中。步骤835包括释放动脉瘤内的编织物。
方法800也可包括将近侧段折入到中心段中，直至近侧段与动脉瘤的颈部邻近或连通；以及引起横跨动脉瘤的颈部的流动转向效应。方法800也可包括将第一拐点定位在远侧段与中心段之间；将第二拐点定位在中心段与近侧段之间；当将编织物的近侧端部相对于动脉瘤的颈部向远侧平移第一距离时，通过第一拐点使远侧段围绕动脉瘤的颈部屈曲；以及通过第二拐点将中心段倒置到远侧段中，通过将编织物的近侧端部相对于动脉瘤的颈部向远侧平移第二距离。
方法800也可包括形成孔隙度大于近侧段和远侧段的孔隙度的中心段。以及形成大于近侧段的孔隙度的远侧段的孔隙度，反之亦然。方法800也可以包括通过第二拐点将中心段倒置到远侧段中，这使中心段折入到远侧段中。
图9为闭塞动脉瘤的方法900的流程图。步骤905可包括将编织物与输送管一起定位，该编织物与微导管处于收缩状态。步骤910包括将微导管、递送管和编织物选择性地定位在动脉瘤的颈部处或附近。步骤915包括通过递送管将编织物从微导管向远侧滑动到动脉瘤中。步骤915可包括径向膨胀编织物的远侧段以在动脉瘤内部形成远侧囊，该远侧囊被配置为闭塞动脉瘤。步骤920可包括通过递送管进一步向远侧滑动编织物，从而使远侧段围绕动脉瘤的颈部屈曲。步骤930可包括通过递送管将编织物进一步向远侧滑动，从而将靠近远侧段的编织物的中心段倒置到远侧囊中。步骤935可包括将靠近中心段的近侧段折入到中心段中。步骤940可包括释放动脉瘤内的编织物，并且从动脉瘤中抽出递送管和微导管。
方法900也可包括将第一拐点定位在远侧段与中心段之间；将第二拐点定位在中心段与近侧段之间；通过将编织物的近侧端部相对于微导管向远侧平移第一距离，通过第一拐点使远侧段围绕动脉瘤的颈部屈曲；以及通过将编织物的近侧端部相对于微导管向远侧平移第二距离，通过第二拐点将中心段倒置到远侧段中。
方法900也可包括将中心段倒置到远侧囊中，这产生横跨动脉瘤的颈部的流动转向效应。方法900也可包括形成具有不同孔隙度的近侧段、远侧段和中心段中的每个。方法900也可包括形成孔隙度大于近侧段和远侧段的孔隙度的中心段；以及形成大于近侧段的孔隙度的远侧段的孔隙度，反之亦然。方法900也可包括将近侧段折入到中心段中，直至近侧段与动脉瘤的颈部邻近或连通；以及引起横跨动脉瘤的颈部的流动转向效应。
应当理解，编织物10的变型可包括各种材料，诸如镍钛诺、不锈钢、生物可吸收材料和聚合物。可形成可膨胀且可倒置的网的编织物10的空隙的编织线量可变化，取决于段12的囊和/或其近侧段和/或其内部倒置的直径。例如，为了引起编织物10的远侧囊的预定形状和强度的形成，端部14可打开和/或能够允许尺寸适应或符合动脉瘤A。例如，如果动脉瘤相对较小，则远侧端部14可自身闭合，而在较大动脉瘤中，相同编织物10将保持打开。编织物10的其它段(包括段11和段13)可在端部14上或围绕端部14变得柔韧，以及在端部16上或围绕端部16变得柔韧。编织物10的空隙也可形成用于闭塞动脉瘤的小开口。
编织物10，包括任何特定部分，诸如任何断裂、拐点、孔隙度、柔韧性和/或相应的囊，可热定形成各种构型，诸如球形、椭圆形、鞍形等，以便使初始囊成形以更好地匹配动脉瘤形态。也应当理解，由本文所讨论的编织物10形成的任何囊可为所示的球形或所需或所要求的任何其它形状，诸如椭圆形、心形、卵形、圆柱形、半球形等。此外，形成囊的编织物10的间隙可以变化，或者可沿其长度选择性地设计尺寸或形状，这取决于随着递送管30朝远侧移动而使编织物10径向膨胀多少。
具体的构型、材料的选择以及各种元件的尺寸和形状可以根据需要根据所公开技术的原理构造的系统或方法的特定的设计规格或约束而变化。这些改变旨在包含在所公开技术的范围内。因此，本发明所公开的实施方案在所有方面都被认为是例示性的而非限制性的。因此，从前述内容显而易见的是，虽然已示出和描述了本公开的特定形式，但是在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以进行各种修改，并且在其等同物的含义和范围内的所有改变都旨在包含在其中。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于治疗动脉瘤的编织物，所述编织物包括近侧端部和远侧端部，所述编织物包括：
远侧段，所述远侧段围绕所述远侧端部设置，所述远侧段可操作以从微导管内的收缩状态过渡到所述微导管远侧的展开状态，由此所述远侧段径向膨胀以形成远侧囊；
中心段，所述中心段与所述远侧段连通，其中所述中心段能够倒置到所述远侧囊中；以及
近侧段，所述近侧段与所述中心段连通并且围绕所述近侧端部设置，其中所述近侧段能够在所述展开状态下折入到所述中心段中；
其中所述近侧段、所述远侧段和所述中心段中的每个均包括不同的孔隙度或不同的柔韧性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的编织物，还包括设置在所述中心段与所述远侧段之间的拐点，其中所述近侧端部被配置为在所述展开状态下被折入到所述远侧囊内部，直至所述中心段被倒置，使得所述拐点邻近所述动脉瘤的颈部设置，以引起流动转向效应。
3. 一种用于治疗动脉瘤的编织物，所述编织物包括近侧端部和远侧端部，所述编织物包括：
远侧段，所述远侧段围绕所述远侧端部设置，所述远侧段可操作以从微导管内的收缩状态过渡到所述微导管远侧的展开状态，由此所述远侧段径向膨胀以形成远侧囊；以及
近侧段，所述近侧段围绕所述近侧端部设置，其中所述近侧段能够倒置并且折入到所述远侧囊中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的编织物，其中所述近侧段包括的孔隙度大于所述远侧段的孔隙度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的编织物，其中所述近侧端部被配置为在所述展开状态下折入到所述远侧囊内部，直至所述远侧段的近侧端部邻近所述动脉瘤的所述颈部设置，以引起流动转向效应。
6.根据权利要求3所述的编织物，还包括：拐点，所述拐点设置在所述近侧段与所述远侧段之间。
7.根据权利要求6所述的编织物，其中所述近侧段被配置为当所述拐点位于所述微导管的远侧时被倒置，或被配置为当所述编织物已向远侧平移预定距离时通过所述拐点倒置。
8.根据权利要求3所述的编织物，其中所述远侧囊具有至少两倍于所述微导管的直径。
9.根据权利要求3所述的编织物，还包括中心段，所述中心段设置在所述近侧段与所述远侧段之间。
10. 根据权利要求9所述的编织物，其中所述近侧段、所述远侧段和所述中心段中的每个均包括不同的孔隙度。
11.根据权利要求10所述的编织物，其中所述中心段包括的孔隙度大于所述近侧段和所述远侧段的孔隙度；并且
其中所述远侧段的孔隙度大于所述近侧段的孔隙度。
12. 根据权利要求10所述的编织物，还包括：
第一拐点，所述第一拐点设置在所述远侧段与所述中心段之间；以及
第二拐点，所述第二拐点设置在所述中心段与所述近侧段之间。
13.根据权利要求12所述的编织物，其中在所述展开状态下，所述第一拐点被配置为当所述编织物向远侧平移第一距离时使所述远侧段的所述近侧端部屈曲；以及
其中在所述展开状态下，所述第二拐点被配置为当所述编织物向远侧平移第二距离时使所述中心段倒置到所述远侧段中。
14.根据权利要求12所述的编织物，其中在所述展开状态下，所述第一拐点被配置为使所述远侧段的所述近侧端部围绕所述动脉瘤的所述颈部屈曲；以及
其中在所述展开状态下，其中所述第二拐点被配置为使所述中心段倒置到所述远侧段中。
15.根据权利要求12所述的编织物，其中当所述第一拐点位于所述微导管的远侧时，所述第一拐点被配置为使所述远侧段的所述近侧端部围绕所述动脉瘤的所述颈部屈曲；
当所述第二拐点位于所述微导管的远侧时，所述第二拐点被配置为使所述中心段倒置到所述远侧段中并且所述近侧段折入到所述中心段中。
16.根据权利要求12所述的编织物，其中所述近侧段和/或所述中心段被配置为在所述展开状态下折入到所述远侧囊内部，直至所述第一拐点邻近所述动脉瘤的所述颈部设置，以引起流动转向效应。
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