CN110537477A - Tomato seedling culture substrate and application method thereof - Google Patents
Tomato seedling culture substrate and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110537477A CN110537477A CN201910798120.3A CN201910798120A CN110537477A CN 110537477 A CN110537477 A CN 110537477A CN 201910798120 A CN201910798120 A CN 201910798120A CN 110537477 A CN110537477 A CN 110537477A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a tomato seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof. The tomato seedling culture substrate is prepared from decomposed chicken manure and vinasse; the preparation method comprises the following steps: sequentially adding the composite microbial inoculum and the mixture into fresh chicken manure for heap fermentation to prepare decomposed chicken manure; and mixing the decomposed chicken manure with the vinasse. The compound microbial inoculum is formed by mixing white rot fungi and chaetomium; the mixture is prepared by mixing crushed tomato leaves, crushed tobacco leaves, biomass carbon and phytic acid. The invention also provides an application method of the tomato seedling substrate, which comprises the following steps: firstly, adding a small amount of seedling culture medium into water, stirring, and filtering to obtain a nutrient solution A; mixing the nutrient solution A and the nutrient solution B to obtain a nutrient solution C; and then, sequentially putting tomato seeds into the konjac pulp and the nutrient solution C for treatment, and then sowing the treated seeds into a seedling culture medium. The tomato seedling culture substrate provided by the invention is low in cost; and the specific application method is combined, so that the vitality of the seeds can be improved, and the adaptability of the seeds to the seedling culture substrate can be enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a tomato seedling culture substrate and an application method thereof.
Background
Tomatoes, otherwise known as tomatoes, belonging to the family solanaceae, the genus tomato, which is an annual or perennial herb, are now widely cultivated throughout the world in native south america. The fruit has special flavor and rich nutrition, contains vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, organic acid, lycopene, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine and other elements, has the functions of promoting digestion, promoting urination, resisting aging, inhibiting various bacteria and the like, has extremely high edible value and medicinal value, can be eaten raw, boiled, processed into tomato sauce, juice or can be stored in a whole fruit, and is popular with consumers.
With the development of agricultural science and technology, in production, the growth season is prolonged, the multiple cropping index is improved, and the tomato planting is mainly carried out seedling and transplanting. The tomato seedling culture is an important link of the tomato industry and is an important guarantee for improving the growth of tomatoes and improving the yield and quality of the tomatoes. Therefore, the search for high-quality seedling culture medium has important practical significance for the sustainable development of the tomato industry. At present, the industrial seedling raising of tomatoes is mainly realized by a plug seedling raising method, and a seedling raising matrix is mostly prepared from turf and vermiculite or prepared from garden soil and organic matters. The turf is a seedling culture medium which is used by seedling culture industries more and has stable quality, but is a non-renewable resource, and the excessive exploitation has exhaustion danger along with the annual large-scale use. The garden soil is used as a seedling raising substrate, has wide sources and low price, but the surface layer is easy to harden, the ventilation and water permeability is poor when the garden soil is wet, and the survival rate of seedlings is low; and moreover, the nutrient components are not rich, and a large amount of organic matters need to be added to prepare the seedling culture substrate, so that the production cost price of the substrate is higher. Based on the problems of turf and garden soil as seedling culture medium, finding a turf and garden soil substitute type tomato seedling culture medium becomes an urgent problem to be solved by the tomato industry. Chinese patent with application number 201810172139.2 discloses a tomato seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the tomato seedling substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of kaolin, 15-25 parts of vermiculite, 30-45 parts of sandy soil, 15-22 parts of vinegar residue, 20-33 parts of cassava residue, 25-35 parts of bagasse, 25-35 parts of chicken manure, 10-25 parts of waste bamboo stem leaves and 1-3 parts of microbial fertilizer; the preparation method of the tomato seedling substrate comprises the following steps: firstly, crushing the waste bamboo stems and leaves to 50-80 meshes by a crusher; secondly, mixing the crushed waste bamboo stems and leaves with the vinegar residue, the cassava residue, the bagasse and the chicken manure, and adding a proper amount of water in the mixing process to obtain a mixed material with the water content of 35-45%; adding microbial bacterial manure into the mixed material, uniformly stirring, fermenting for 4-5 days, and continuously turning and throwing in the period; and fourthly, after the fermentation is finished, uniformly mixing the fermentation product with kaolin, vermiculite and sandy soil to obtain the tomato seedling substrate. Also, as disclosed in the chinese patent application No. 201810261531.4, a tomato seedling substrate using lees and attapulgite as main materials comprises, by weight, 60% of lees, 20% of attapulgite, 5% of perlite, 5% of vermiculite, 5% of coconut husk, and 5% of sheep manure, which are uniformly mixed. Although the tomato seedling raising matrix disclosed by the patents utilizes vinasse and animal wastes to a certain extent, the proportion of matrix components of kaolin, vermiculite, attapulgite and perlite in the raw materials is still quite high, the raw materials are not easy to obtain, and the application of the seedling raising matrix is limited; in addition, when the tomato seedling culture medium is applied, the tomato seeds are directly sown on the seedling culture medium immediately, the adaptation degree of the tomato seeds to the medium is not fully considered, and the problems of seed rot and low seedling survival rate are easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a tomato seedling substrate and a using method thereof, which are realized by the following technical scheme:
The tomato seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by volume: decomposed chicken manure: vinasse is 9:1-6: 4.
Preferably, the seedling substrate comprises the following components in percentage by volume: decomposed chicken manure: vinasse is 7: 3.
preferably, the particle size of the decomposed chicken manure and the vinasse is about 1 mm; the vinasse is sorghum vinasse.
Preferably, the preparation method of the tomato seedling substrate comprises the following steps: taking fresh chicken manure, adding a compound microbial inoculum with the mass of 0.2-0.5% of the chicken manure, stacking for fermentation for 5-6 days, and turning the stacks; then adding a mixture of 5-10% of the chicken manure by mass, uniformly stirring, fermenting for 2-3 days at 20-25 ℃, crushing, and sieving to obtain decomposed chicken manure; mixing the decomposed chicken manure and the vinasse according to the volume ratio, uniformly stirring, and standing for 20-24h to obtain the tomato seedling culture substrate.
Preferably, the compound microbial inoculum is prepared from white rot fungi: the chaetomium is mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 3-4. White rot fungi and chaetomium fungi can effectively degrade organic macromolecular substances, antibiotics and other organic xenobiotics in the chicken manure, so that nutrient substances in the chicken manure can be fully utilized, and chemical substances such as residual antibiotics in the chicken manure can be effectively prevented from entering the tomatoes; meanwhile, the chaetomium has good antagonistic action on harmful microorganisms generated in the fermentation process, and can reduce the harmful microorganisms in the decomposed chicken manure.
Preferably, the mixture is formed by mixing 8-10 parts of crushed tomato leaves, 4-5 parts of crushed tobacco leaves, 1-2 parts of biomass carbon and 0.2-0.4 part of phytic acid in parts by weight; the crushed tomato leaf and tobacco leaf are prepared by drying tomato leaf and tobacco leaf at 50 deg.C to water content of less than 10%, and pulverizing to 1 mm.
In the mixture, the crushed tomato leaves and the crushed tobacco leaves contain antibacterial active substances, so that harmful bacteria in chicken manure can be further reduced, and the tobacco leaves are solanaceae plants and are added into the seedling culture substrate together with the tomato leaves, the biomass carbon and the phytic acid, so that the affinity of tomatoes to the seedling culture substrate can be effectively enhanced, the anti-stress capability of tomato seedlings to the seedling culture substrate is improved, and the growth of the tomato seedlings is promoted.
The invention also provides an application method of the matrix, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking a small amount of tomato seedling substrate, adding water with the mass of 3-5 times of the tomato seedling substrate, stirring for 10-15min, filtering, and sterilizing the filtrate to obtain a nutrient solution A; then mixing the nutrient solution A and the nutrient solution B according to the volume ratio of 1-2:1 to prepare nutrient solution C;
(2) Putting tomato seeds into the konjac syrup, dipping for 3-5s, and draining the water on the surfaces of the seeds to obtain coated seeds;
(3) And (3) putting the coated seeds in the nutrient solution C for ultrasonic treatment for 18-24s, filtering, sowing in a tomato seedling substrate, covering a layer of seedling substrate with the thickness of 1cm on the surface after sowing, and watering thoroughly.
Preferably, the nutrient solution B is prepared by mixing 0.05-1 part of calcium chloride, 2-3 parts of proline, 4-5 parts of trehalose, 1-3 parts of vitamin C and 60-80 parts of water in parts by weight. The calcium chloride and the proline can improve the vitality of the seeds and enhance the anti-stress capability of the seeds on the seedling raising matrix; the trehalose and the vitamin C can repair the damage of the seed membrane, protect the structural integrity of the cell membrane and avoid the damage of the seed membrane structure such as deformation under the regulation of calcium chloride and proline.
Preferably, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 30-40 kHz.
Preferably, the konjak slurry is prepared by mixing konjak flour having a particle size of 50 to 60 mesh with water having a mass of about 3 times that of the konjak flour.
firstly, preparing konjac flour with a certain granularity into slurry to wrap tomato seeds, so that a layer of porous-structure film is formed on the surfaces of the tomato seeds, and bacteria can be prevented from infecting the tomato seeds in the germination process; and then the coated seeds are placed in a nutrient solution C prepared by mixing a nutrient solution A and a nutrient solution B prepared from a seedling culture substrate for ultrasonic treatment, so that substances in the nutrient solution C can be promoted to enter the seeds, the vitality of the seeds is improved, and meanwhile, the porous membrane on the surfaces of the seeds can prevent the substances in the nutrient solution C from excessively permeating the seeds to damage the seed structures. By using the konjak slurry and the nutrient solution C to treat the konjak seeds, the vitality of the seeds is improved, and the adaptability of the seeds to seedling raising substrates is enhanced.
The invention researches the influence of seedling culture matrixes prepared from decomposed chicken manure and vinasse with different proportions on tomato seed germination and seedling growth, and the specific research process is as follows:
1. The chicken manure and the vinasse are mixed according to different volume ratios, 10 treatments are designed, 2 controls are designed, as shown in table 1, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, each treatment is repeated for 36 holes, and 1296 seeds are sowed in total.
TABLE 1 design table for mixed base material in different proportions
2. taking the mixed seedling substrate in table 1, measuring physical and chemical indexes such as pH value, volume weight, specific gravity, porosity and the like, and the result is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 physicochemical indices of the Mixed substrates
| Treatment of | pH value | EC value (us/cm) | Specific gravity of | 3Volume weight (g/cm3) | total porosity (%) |
| Process 1 | 7.07 | 1979.2abABC | 1.623cdC | 0.950abAB | 57.6aA |
| Treatment 2 | 6.81 | 2302.2aAB | 1.587cdeCDE | 0.940abAB | 40.5bcBC |
| treatment 3 | 6.67 | 1676.3bcBCD | 1.617cdCD | 1.005aAB | 38.3bcC |
| Treatment 4 | 6.61 | 926.4cdD | 1.613cdCD | 0.974aAB | 39.5bcC |
| Treatment 5 | 6.65 | 2508.2aA | 1.613cdCD | 1.014aAB | 37.5bcC |
| Treatment 6 | 6.68 | 1253.1cdCD | 1.497efgDEF | 0.982aAB | 34.5cC |
| treatment 7 | 6.55 | 1327.2cdCD | 1.417gF | 1.033aAB | 34.4cC |
| Treatment 8 | 6.49 | 1101.2cdD | 1.843bB | 0.904abABC | 44.8bcAB |
| process 9 | 6.43 | 886.4dD | 1.553defCDE | 0.901abABC | 41.8bcBC |
| Process 10 | 6.67 | 1138.6cdD | 1.487fgEF | 0.752bcBC | 49.2abAB |
| CK2 | 7.13 | 2105.2abAB | 2.050aA | 1.056aA | 48.5abAB |
| CK1 | 4.84 | 2119.7abAB | 1.647cC | 0.650cC | 60.6aA |
Note: the lower case letters in the table denote LSR0.05 and the upper case letters denote LSR 0.01.
And (4) analyzing results:
The optimum pH value for tomato growth is 6-6.8, and the growth of tomato seedlings is not favored when the pH value is too high or too low. As can be seen from table 2, the pH values of the treatments other than treatment 1, treatment 2, CK1 and CK2 were within the pH range suitable for tomato growth.
The EC values for the ideal substrate are typically between 0.75 and 3.49mS/cm, the EC values for the above-described compounded substrates are all between 0.88 and 2.60mS/cm, and are consistent with the range for the ideal substrate, with the EC value for treatment 5 being the largest, treatment 2 being the next to treatment 2, and treatment 9 being the smallest, and with both treatments 5 and 2 being significantly higher than treatments 4 and 9, but not significantly different from the two controls.
The specific gravity of the compound substrates of each treatment was different, with the highest CK2 being the second of treatment 8, and the specific gravity of the remaining treatments being lower than that of both of the controls, and particularly with the lowest specific gravity of treatment 7, there was a very significant difference from treatment to treatment with CK 2. The smaller the specific gravity, the lighter the texture, and the more suitable for being produced as a factory seedling raising substrate.
the volume weight reflects the loose degree of the matrix, and is generally 0.1-0.8g/cm 3; in the mixed matrix, the bulk density of CK2 is the largest, the bulk density of CK1 is the smallest, the bulk densities of treatments 1-10 are intensively distributed between 0.9-1.1g/cm3, the difference is not significant, and the difference is very significant compared with CK 1.
the total porosity is best in the range of 60% to 90%, below which the porosity of each treatment in the above-described compounded matrix is below, with the porosity of CK1 being the greatest, with very significant differences from each of the remaining treatments and control 2, except for insignificant differences from treatment 1.
3. Sterilizing the tomato seedling substrate mixed in the table 1, putting the sterilized tomato seedling substrate into a plug tray, sowing, covering the tomato seedling substrate with the thickness of 1cm, watering, and allowing water to seep out from the bottom of the plug tray; then culturing until emergence of seedlings, and counting the influence of different mixed matrixes on the emergence rate of the tomatoes, wherein the results are shown in table 3. When the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, taking the seedlings out of the plug tray, and observing the appearance of the seedlings, wherein the results are shown in table 4; then detecting the dry matter content of the seedling, the water content of the plant, the chlorophyll content of the leaf, the activity of the root system, the relative conductivity of the leaf and other physical and chemical indexes, and calculating the strong seedling coefficient. The detection results of the dry matter content, the plant water content, the relative leaf conductivity and the root activity of the seedlings are respectively shown in the attached figures 1, 2, 3 and 4; the results of measuring the uniformity and the strong seedling coefficient of the seedlings are shown in Table 5, and the results of measuring the root activity of the seedlings are shown in Table 6.
3.1 Effect of different Mixed substrates on the rate of emergence of tomato
TABLE 3 influence of the Mixed substrate on the tomato emergence rate
Note: the emergence rate refers to the emergence rate of tomato seeds from first emergence to no emergence.
and (4) analyzing results:
the difference in rate of emergence between treatments was relatively large. The highest rate of emergence was CK1, followed by treatments 1 and 4, and the lowest rates of emergence for treatments 6 and 10, which were 45.37% and 45.34% lower than CK1 and 39.817% and 39.814% lower than CK2, respectively, and reached a very significant difference level from both controls. The rate of emergence was lower for all three treatments 3, 2 and 5 than for the two controls, but there was no significant difference between them, whereas treatments 9, 8, 7, 6 and 10 were all significantly lower than the controls.
Under the same seedling raising conditions, except for three treatments of treatment 8, treatment 7 and treatment 10, the seedlings of the other treated seeds begin to emerge 5 days after sowing, but the three treated seeds emerge 6 days after sowing and the germination days are as long as 14 days; the number of germination days for all treatments was greater than for both controls, but treatments 1 and 4 germinated most rapidly and the number of germination days was the shortest in the test treatments.
3.2 influence of different Mixed substrates on tomato form index
TABLE 4 influence of different mixed bases on tomato morphology index
And (4) analyzing results:
The influence of each treatment on the stem thickness of the tomato seedlings is different, the stem thickness of the tomato seedlings treated by the treatment 4 and the treatment 3 is the largest, the thickness is obviously higher than that of a control, and the strong seedlings can be cultured in the seedling culture process more favorably. The fresh weight of tomato seedlings of treatment 8 was significantly higher than CK1 and CK2, while that of treatment 4 was significantly higher than CK2, significantly higher than CK1, and that of treatment 3 was significantly higher than both controls, but there was no significant difference between them; the plants grew best with the largest fresh weight of treatments 8 and 4. The plant heights of the tomato seedlings of the treatment 4 and the treatment 3 are remarkably higher than CK1 and CK2, and are remarkably higher than those of other treatment groups, the growth speed of the tomato seedlings is higher, and the matrix of the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 is beneficial to the growth and development of the tomato seedlings. The root length of treatment 2 is longest, and the root length of CK2 is shortest; the root lengths of the treatments 3, 4 and 2 reached a very significant difference level from CK2, but did not reach a significant difference from the control CK1, and the differences between the treatments 3, 4 and 2 were insignificant, whereby it was found that the three treated substrates were favorable for the tomato seedling root elongation.
3.3 influence of different mixed substrates on the uniformity and the strong seedling coefficient of tomato seedlings
TABLE 5 influence of different mixed substrates on the uniformity and strong seedling coefficient of tomato seedlings
| Treatment of | Uniformity of seedlings | Coefficient of strong seedling |
| process 1 | ++ | 0.125 |
| Treatment 2 | ++ | 0.197 |
| Treatment 3 | +++ | 0.151 |
| Treatment 4 | +++ | 0.299 |
| Treatment 5 | ++ | 0.250 |
| Treatment 6 | + | 0.159 |
| Treatment 7 | + | 0.181 |
| Treatment 8 | + | 0.215 |
| Process 9 | + | 0.131 |
| process 10 | + | 0.147 |
| CK1 | +++ | 0.167 |
| CK2 | +++ | 0.106 |
Note: "+ + + +" indicates very clean seedlings, "+ +" indicates more clean seedlings, and "+" indicates irregular growth of seedlings.
And (4) analyzing results: the strong seedling index of the treated tomato is the highest, the strong seedling index of the treated tomato is the next treatment 5, the strong seedling index of the CK2 is the smallest, and the strong seedling coefficients of the treated tomato and the treated tomato are larger than CK1 and CK 2; the seedlings treated in treatment 4 and treatment 3 grew uniformly and were more uniform, while those treated in treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 4 were also better, and the remaining treatments were all uneven and less uniform than the two controls. Therefore, the seedlings treated by the treatment 4 grow well and are tidy, and the mixed matrix is most suitable for raising the seedlings of the tomatoes.
3.4 Effect of different Mixed substrates on chlorophyll content of tomato seedlings
TABLE 6 influence of different mixed substrates on chlorophyll content of tomato seedlings
| Treatment of | Chlorophyll content (mg/g) | a＝0.05 | a＝0.01 |
| process 10 | 2.851 | a | A |
| treatment 5 | 2.661 | ab | AB |
| Treatment 4 | 2.374 | bc | BC |
| Process 9 | 2.306 | cd | BC |
| Treatment 6 | 2.152 | cde | CD |
| treatment 8 | 2.045 | de | CD |
| treatment 7 | 1.897 | ef | DE |
| Treatment 2 | 1.397 | g | F |
| CK2 | 1.345 | g | F |
| Process 1 | 1.321 | g | F |
| Treatment 3 | 1.294 | g | F |
| CK1 | 1.258 | g | F |
As can be seen from table 6, the control CK1 had the lowest chlorophyll content, followed by treatment 3, treatment 1, CK2, and treatment 2, with no significant difference in chlorophyll content between them; the highest chlorophyll content was treatment 10, treatment 5, and treatment 4, with no significant difference between treatment 10 and treatment 5, but with a significant difference from treatment 4. Therefore, the chlorophyll content of the treated tomato 10, the treated tomato 5 and the treated tomato 4 is high, the photosynthesis is strong, and the tomato growth and development are facilitated.
3.5 Effect of different Mixed substrates on the Dry matter content and Water content of tomato seedlings
As can be seen from the attached FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the dry matter content of the seedlings of the other treatments except for treatment 6, treatment 9 and CK1 is above 7%, and the dry matter content of the seedlings of the tomatoes treated by treatment 4, treatment 8 and treatment 3 is the highest, which indicates that the seedlings of the tomatoes grow better. Therefore, the treatment 4, the treatment 3 and the treatment 8 are beneficial to the accumulation of dry matters of the tomatoes, have low water content, are beneficial to the transplanting of the tomato seedlings and improve the survival rate of the tomato seedlings.
3.6 Effect of different Mixed substrates on the relative conductivity of tomato seedling leaves
The greater the value of the relative conductivity, the greater the degree of destruction of the cells of the leaf, indicating that the treatment gave rise to tomato seedlings with poorer stress resistance. As can be seen from FIG. 3, treatments 1 and 3 are less resistant, while treatments 5 and 4 are more resistant, and the resistance of the tomato seedlings to the external environment is not very different overall.
3.6 influence of different mixed substrates on the vitality of the root system of the tomato seedling
The root activity strength of the tomato seedlings reflects the growth condition of the root system, and the fibrous roots germinate more, so that more nutrient components can be absorbed and supplied to the growth of the tomato seedlings. As can be seen from fig. 4, the root system activity of treatment 8 and control CK1 is the strongest, while the root system activity of three treatments, treatment 1, treatment 7 and treatment 2 is the weakest, and as can be seen from the root system activity, the effect of treatment 8 in favor of the growth of the tomato root system is the best.
the influence of different mixed matrixes on the germination of tomato seeds and the growth of seedlings is comprehensively considered, and the seedling culture matrixes of the treatment 2, the treatment 3, the treatment 4 and the treatment 5 are suitable for tomato seedling culture, wherein the treatment 4 is the optimal mixed matrix.
The invention also researches the influence of the application method of the seedling substrate on the germination of the tomato seeds, and the experiment 1 is to directly sow the seeds in the seedling substrate treated by the treatment 4; experiment 2, seeds are soaked in the konjac syrup and then sowed in the seedling substrate treated 4; experiment 3, seeds are placed in the nutrient solution C for ultrasonic treatment and then sowed in the seedling raising substrate treated by the treatment 4; experiment 4 was carried out by immersing seeds in the konjac syrup, then putting them into the nutrient solution C, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and then sowing them in the seedling medium of treatment 4. CK1 and CK2 are used as control groups, and CK1 is that seeds are directly sown in a matrix prepared by 3 parts of turf and 1 part of vermiculite; CK2 was obtained by directly sowing seeds in a matrix composed of 1 part of garden soil and 1 part of organic matter. Each treatment was repeated 3 times with 36 wells per repeat. The effect of the application method of the seedling substrate on tomato seed germination is shown in table 7:
TABLE 7 Effect of application method of seedling substrate on tomato seed Germination
As can be seen from table 7, the emergence rate of experiment 4 is significantly higher than that of experiment 1, and the number of days of emergence is shorter than that of experiment 1; the application method of the seedling substrate provided by the invention can promote seed germination and improve the rate of emergence.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the invention, the chicken manure and the vinasse are used as the raw materials of the tomato seedling substrate, the raw materials are wide in source and low in cost, and the production cost of the seedling substrate is greatly reduced; by using the composite microbial inoculum and the mixture to carry out decomposition treatment on the chicken manure, organic xenobiotic in the chicken manure can be removed, harmful microorganisms in the chicken manure are reduced, the stress reaction of the chicken manure on tomato seedlings is reduced, and the growth of the tomato seedlings is promoted. When the method is used for raising seedlings, the konjac slurry is used for treating the seeds, and then the nutrient solution C prepared from the nutrient solution A and the nutrient solution B prepared from the seedling raising matrix is used for ultrasonically treating the seeds, so that the vitality of the seeds is improved, and the adaptability of the seeds to the seedling raising matrix is enhanced; thereby promoting the germination of the seeds and improving the emergence rate of the seeds, and the tomato seeds can emerge after being sown for 5 days, and the emergence rate can reach about 96 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bar graph of the effect of different compounded substrates on the dry matter content of tomato seedlings.
FIG. 2 is a bar graph of the effect of different compounded substrates on the moisture content of tomato seedlings.
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of the effect of different compounded substrates on the relative conductivity of tomato seedling leaves.
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of the effect of different mixed substrate pairs on the vitality of the tomato seedling root system.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Example 1
The components of the tomato seedling substrate are as follows: according to the volume ratio, the decomposed chicken manure: vinasse is 9: 1.
Further, the particle size of the decomposed chicken manure and the vinasse is about 1 mm; the vinasse is sorghum vinasse.
The preparation method of the tomato seedling substrate comprises the following steps: taking fresh chicken manure, adding a compound microbial inoculum with the mass of 0.2% of the chicken manure, stacking for fermentation for 5 days, and turning the stacks; then adding a mixture of 5% of the chicken manure by mass, uniformly stirring, fermenting for 2 days at 20-25 ℃, crushing and sieving to obtain decomposed chicken manure; and uniformly stirring the decomposed chicken manure and the vinasse according to the mass ratio, and standing for 20 hours to obtain the tomato seedling culture substrate.
Further, the compound microbial inoculum is prepared from white rot fungi: the chaetomium is mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.
Further, the mixture is formed by mixing 8kg of crushed tomato leaves, 4kg of crushed tobacco leaves, 1kg of biomass carbon and 0.2kg of phytic acid in parts by weight; wherein the crushed tomato leaf and tobacco leaf are respectively prepared by drying tomato leaf and tobacco leaf at about 50 deg.C until water content is less than 10%, and pulverizing to about 1 mm.
The application method of the tomato seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking a small amount of tomato seedling raising matrix, adding 3 times of water, stirring for 10min, filtering, and sterilizing the filtrate to obtain a nutrient solution A; then mixing the nutrient solution A and the nutrient solution B according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare nutrient solution C;
(2) Placing tomato seeds in the konjac pulp for dipping for 3s, and draining water on the surfaces of the tomato seeds to obtain coated seeds;
(3) Placing the coated seeds in the nutrient solution C, treating the seeds with ultrasonic waves with the frequency of 30kHz for 24s, filtering, sowing the seeds in a hole tray filled with tomato seedling substrate, covering a layer of seedling substrate with the thickness of 1cm after sowing, and watering until water seeps out from the bottom of the hole tray.
further, the nutrient solution B is prepared by mixing 0.05g of calcium chloride, 2g of proline, 4g of trehalose, 1g of vitamin C and 60g of water in parts by weight.
Further, the konjak slurry is prepared by mixing konjak flour having a particle size of 50 to 60 mesh with water about 3 times the mass thereof.
In the above example 1, the tomato seeds began to emerge after 5 days of sowing, and the emergence rate was 100% after 9 days of sowing.
Example 2
The components of the tomato seedling substrate are as follows: according to the volume ratio, the decomposed chicken manure: vinasse is 6: 4.
Further, the particle size of the decomposed chicken manure and the vinasse is about 1 mm; the vinasse is sorghum vinasse.
The preparation method of the tomato seedling substrate comprises the following steps: taking fresh chicken manure, adding a compound microbial inoculum with the mass of 0.4% of the chicken manure, stacking for fermentation for 5 days, and turning the stacks; then adding a mixture of 8% of the chicken manure by mass, uniformly stirring, fermenting for 2 days at 20-25 ℃, crushing and sieving to obtain decomposed chicken manure; and uniformly stirring the decomposed chicken manure and the vinasse according to the mass ratio, and standing for 22 hours to obtain the tomato seedling culture substrate.
Further, the compound microbial inoculum is prepared from white rot fungi: the chaetomium is mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 4.
Further, the mixture is formed by mixing 9kg of crushed tomato leaves, 4kg of crushed tobacco leaves, 1.2kg of biomass carbon and 0.3kg of phytic acid in parts by weight; wherein the crushed tomato leaf and tobacco leaf are respectively prepared by drying tomato leaf and tobacco leaf at about 50 deg.C until water content is less than 10%, and pulverizing to about 1 mm.
The application method of the tomato seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking a small amount of tomato seedling culture medium, adding 4 times of water, stirring for 15min, filtering, and sterilizing the filtrate to obtain a nutrient solution A; then mixing the nutrient solution A and the nutrient solution B according to the volume ratio of 2:1 to prepare nutrient solution C;
(2) Placing tomato seeds in the konjac pulp for dipping for 5s, and draining water on the surfaces of the tomato seeds to obtain coated seeds;
(3) Placing the coated seeds in the nutrient solution C, treating the seeds with ultrasonic waves with the frequency of 30kHz for 20s, filtering, sowing the seeds in a hole tray filled with tomato seedling substrate, covering a layer of seedling substrate with the thickness of 1cm after sowing, and watering until water seeps out from the bottom of the hole tray.
Further, the nutrient solution B is prepared by mixing 0.08g of calcium chloride, 2.4g of proline, 4.5g of trehalose, 2g of vitamin C and 70g of water in parts by weight.
Further, the konjak slurry is prepared by mixing konjak flour having a particle size of 50 to 60 mesh with water about 3 times the mass thereof.
In the above example 2, the tomato seeds began to emerge after 5 days of sowing, and the emergence rate was 100% after 8 days of sowing.
Example 3
The components of the tomato seedling substrate are as follows: according to the volume ratio, the decomposed chicken manure: vinasse is 7: 3.
Further, the particle size of the decomposed chicken manure and the vinasse is about 1 mm; the vinasse is sorghum vinasse.
The preparation method of the tomato seedling substrate comprises the following steps: taking fresh chicken manure, adding a compound microbial inoculum with the mass of 0.5 percent of the chicken manure, stacking for fermentation for 6 days, and turning the stacks; then adding a mixture of which the mass is 10 percent of that of the chicken manure, uniformly stirring, fermenting for 3 days at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, crushing and sieving to prepare decomposed chicken manure; and uniformly stirring the decomposed chicken manure and the vinasse according to the mass ratio, and standing for 24 hours to obtain the tomato seedling culture substrate.
further, the compound microbial inoculum is prepared from white rot fungi: the chaetomium is mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.
further, the mixture is formed by mixing 10kg of crushed tomato leaves, 5kg of crushed tobacco leaves, 2kg of biomass carbon and 0.4kg of phytic acid in parts by weight; wherein the crushed tomato leaf and tobacco leaf are respectively prepared by drying tomato leaf and tobacco leaf at about 50 deg.C until water content is less than 10%, and pulverizing to about 1 mm.
The application method of the tomato seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking a small amount of tomato seedling culture medium, adding 5 times of water, stirring for 15min, filtering, and sterilizing the filtrate to obtain a nutrient solution A; then mixing the nutrient solution A and the nutrient solution B according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare nutrient solution C;
(2) Placing tomato seeds in the konjac syrup and dipping for 3-5s, and draining water on the surfaces of the tomato seeds to obtain coated seeds;
(3) Placing the coated seeds in the nutrient solution C, treating the seeds with ultrasonic waves with the frequency of 40kHz for 18s, filtering, sowing the seeds in a hole tray filled with tomato seedling substrate, covering a layer of seedling substrate with the thickness of 1cm after sowing, and watering until water seeps out from the bottom of the hole tray.
Further, the nutrient solution B is prepared by mixing 1g of calcium chloride, 3g of proline, 5g of trehalose, 3g of vitamin C and 80g of water in parts by weight.
Further, the konjak slurry is prepared by mixing konjak flour having a particle size of 50 to 60 mesh with water about 3 times the mass thereof.
In the above example 3, the tomato seeds began to emerge after 5 days of sowing, and the emergence rate was 99.478% after 7 days of sowing.
Comparative example 1
Chinese patent with application number 201810172139.2 discloses a tomato seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof:
A tomato seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of kaolin, 15 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of sandy soil, 15 parts of vinegar residue, 20 parts of manioc waste, 25 parts of bagasse, 25 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of waste bamboo stems and leaves and 1 part of microbial fertilizer, wherein the microbial fertilizer comprises bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, saccharomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria.
The preparation method of the tomato seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
Firstly, crushing the waste bamboo stems and leaves to 50 meshes by a crusher;
Secondly, mixing the crushed waste bamboo stems and leaves with the vinegar residue, the cassava residue, the bagasse and the chicken manure, and adding a proper amount of water in the mixing process to obtain a mixed material with the water content of 35%;
And thirdly, adding microbial bacterial manure into the mixed material, uniformly stirring, fermenting for 4 days, continuously turning and throwing for a fourth time, and after the fermentation is finished, uniformly mixing the fermented product with kaolin, vermiculite and sandy soil to obtain the tomato seedling substrate.
Putting the seedling substrate into a plug tray, sowing tomato seeds, covering a layer of seedling substrate with the thickness of 1cm after sowing, and watering, wherein the watering amount is determined by that water seeps out from the bottom of the plug tray.
In the comparative example 1, the tomato seeds began to emerge after 8 days of sowing, and the emergence rate was 92.324% after 15 days of sowing.
comparative example 2
The Chinese patent with the application number of 201810261531.4 discloses a tomato seedling culture substrate taking vinasse and attapulgite as main materials, which comprises 60% of vinasse, 20% of attapulgite, 5% of perlite, 5% of vermiculite, 5% of coconut coir and 5% of sheep manure by weight percentage, and is stirred and mixed uniformly.
putting the seedling substrate into a plug tray, sowing tomato seeds, covering a layer of seedling substrate with the thickness of 1cm after sowing, and watering, wherein the watering amount is determined by that water seeps out from the bottom of the plug tray.
In the comparative example 2, the tomato seeds began to emerge after being sown for 7 days, and the emergence rate was 93.324% after the tomato seeds were sown for 15 days.
It should be noted that the above examples and test examples are only for further illustration and understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not to be construed as further limitations of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the invention which does not highlight essential features and significant advances made by those skilled in the art still belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The tomato seedling culture substrate is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by volume: decomposed chicken manure: vinasse is 9:1-6: 4.
2. The tomato seedling substrate as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components by volume: decomposed chicken manure: vinasse is 7: 3.
3. The tomato seedling substrate of claim 1 or 2, wherein the grain size of the decomposed chicken manure and the vinasse is about 1 mm; the vinasse is sorghum vinasse.
4. A method for preparing a tomato seedling substrate as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which comprises the following processes: taking fresh chicken manure, adding a compound microbial inoculum with the mass of 0.2-0.5% of the chicken manure, stacking for fermentation for 5-6 days, and turning the stacks; then adding a mixture of 5-10% of the chicken manure by mass, uniformly stirring, fermenting for 2-3 days at 20-25 ℃, crushing and sieving to obtain decomposed chicken manure; and uniformly stirring the decomposed chicken manure and the vinasse according to the mass ratio, and standing for 20-24h to obtain the tomato seedling culture substrate.
5. The preparation method of the tomato seedling substrate as claimed in claim 4, wherein the complex microbial inoculum is prepared from white rot fungi: the chaetomium is mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 3-4.
6. the method for preparing a tomato seedling substrate as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mixture is prepared by mixing 8-10 parts by weight of crushed tomato leaves, 4-5 parts by weight of crushed tobacco leaves, 1-2 parts by weight of biomass carbon and 0.2-0.4 part by weight of phytic acid; the crushed tomato leaf and tobacco leaf are prepared by drying tomato leaf and tobacco leaf at 50 deg.C to water content of less than 10%, and pulverizing to 1 mm.
7. The application method of the tomato seedling substrate as claimed in any one of claim 7, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding a small amount of tomato seedling substrate into water with the mass of 3-5 times of that of the tomato seedling substrate, stirring for 10-15min, filtering, and sterilizing the filtrate to obtain a nutrient solution A; then mixing the nutrient solution A and the nutrient solution B according to the volume ratio of 1-2:1 to prepare nutrient solution C;
(2) Putting tomato seeds into the konjac syrup and dipping for 3-5s, and draining the water on the surfaces of the seeds to obtain coated seeds;
(3) And (3) putting the coated seeds in the nutrient solution C for ultrasonic treatment for 18-24s, filtering, sowing in a tomato seedling substrate, covering a layer of seedling substrate with the thickness of 1cm on the surface after sowing, and watering thoroughly.
8. The application method of the tomato seedling substrate as claimed in claim 7, wherein the nutrient solution B is prepared by mixing 0.05-1 part of calcium chloride, 2-3 parts of proline, 4-5 parts of trehalose, 1-3 parts of vitamin C and 60-80 parts of water in parts by weight.
9. The method for applying the tomato seedling substrate as claimed in claim 7, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 30-40 kHz.
10. The method for applying the tomato seedling substrate as claimed in claim 7, wherein the konjac slurry is prepared by mixing konjac flour having a particle size of 50-60 meshes with about 3 times of water by mass.
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Application publication date: 20191206 |