CN110476695A - The method of cultivating grape in the soil rich in gravel - Google Patents
The method of cultivating grape in the soil rich in gravel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110476695A CN110476695A CN201910754496.4A CN201910754496A CN110476695A CN 110476695 A CN110476695 A CN 110476695A CN 201910754496 A CN201910754496 A CN 201910754496A CN 110476695 A CN110476695 A CN 110476695A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of cultivating grape in the soil rich in gravel, belongs to crop-planting technical field.The following steps are included: excavating, field planting ditch, soil screening, soil backfills, pours water penetration, grape seedling is set up and be colonized to frame material and carries out daily management.Wherein, soil sieve gets the first oversize, the second oversize and the second screenings, and the second screenings is backfilled to the bottom of field planting ditch, with a thickness of 30cm~50cm, forms water conservation layer；Second oversize is mixed with the nutrient matrix prepared in advance, and is layed in above water conservation layer, thickness 50cm~80cm forms nutritive layer；First oversize is layed in above nutritive layer, thickness 3cm~5cm, forms insulating layer.Pass through water conservation layer, nutritive layer and the insulating layer set gradually from below to up, substantially increase water and fertilizer utilization rate, and when there is the flooded rainy day, the ponding being colonized in ditch can be through nutritive layer and water conservation layer rapid osmotic to lower layer, and preventing grape root system from soaking for a long time causes grape dead.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop-planting technical fields, and in particular to a kind of side of the cultivating grape in the soil rich in gravel
Method.
Background technique
Plantation grape has been proved to possess its unique advantage, gravel soil gas permeability in the soil rich in gravel
Good, content of mineral substances enriches the solid foundation laid for the promotion of grape quality.However, gravel soil storage capacity is poor,
It is easy leak leakage fertilizer, it is unfavorable to grape root system growth and development, so that grape plant percent is lower.
In the prior art, a kind of method that soil liquid manure when preventing gravel soil ground cultivating grape is lost provided, passes through
Antiseepage film is laid with to realize the holding of liquid manure in the bottom of trench and furrow bank of field planting ditch, but this mode not only limits european grape root
The Free Development in domain, and when waterlogging occurs, the water saved bit by bit in field planting ditch cannot exclude in time, and grape root system long period of soaking exists
In water, the serious consequence of vine death is caused.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is necessary to provide a kind of methods of cultivating grape in the soil rich in gravel, to solve existing skill
The technical issues of ponding as caused by laying antiseepage film present in art cannot exclude in time, and grape root system soaks for a long time.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A method of the cultivating grape in the soil rich in gravel, comprising the following steps:
A. excavate field planting ditch: on the soil of grape to be planted, along south-north direction, cutting depth is 100cm~120cm, width
The field planting ditch of 80cm~120cm；
B. soil sieves: will excavate the soil excavated during field planting ditch and sieves by least three partial size grades, obtains the
One oversize, the second oversize and the second screenings, and respectively to first oversize, second oversize and described
Two screenings carry out disinfection processing；
C. soil backfills: the bottom that second screenings is backfilled to the field planting ditch is formed with a thickness of 30cm~50cm
It is retained layer；Second oversize is mixed with the nutrient matrix prepared in advance, and is layed in above the water conservation layer, thickness
50cm~80cm forms nutritive layer；First oversize is layed in above the nutritive layer, thickness 3cm~5cm, is formed
Insulating layer；
Wherein, the nutrient matrix by weight, including following substance: 30 parts~50 parts sandy soil, 30 parts~50 parts organic fertilizers,
2 parts~20 parts acid mineral fertilizer, 0.5 part~1 part mineral matter element additive, 0.5 part~1 part complex micro organism fungicide；
D. it pours water penetration: watering into the field planting ditch for having backfilled soil, make the water conservation layer, the nutritive layer and the heat preservation
Layer natural subsidence, the insulating layer is on the field planting ditch along 15cm~30cm after sedimentation；
E. frame material is set up: the support frame material for being used to support vine shoot is set up on the field planting ditch；
F. it is colonized grape seedling and carries out daily management.
Preferably, in above-mentioned steps c, the complex micro organism fungicide includes bacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis, consolidates
Nitrogen bacterium, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, wherein bacillus polymyxa accounts for the 50%~80% of all strain quantity.
Preferably, in above-mentioned steps c, humidity regulation layer is equipped between the water conservation layer and the nutritive layer, it is described
Humidity regulation layer includes upper moisturizing layer, lower moisturizing layer and drip irrigation zone, and the lower moisturizing layer is layed on the water conservation layer, it is described on
Moisturizing layer is layed on the lower moisturizing layer, and the drip irrigation zone is located between the upper moisturizing layer and the lower moisturizing layer.
Preferably, carbon dioxide regulating course, the dioxy are also equipped between the water conservation layer and the humidity regulation layer
Change carbon regulating course to be made of crop material crushed material, with a thickness of 30cm~50cm；If being provided on the carbon dioxide regulating course
Dry gas exchange pipe, gas exchanges pipe one end are plugged on the carbon dioxide regulating course, and the other end passes through the nutrition
Layer and the insulating layer, extend to it is described field planting ditch on along above.
Preferably, the cross section of the nutritive layer is trapezoidal, and the two sides of the nutritive layer are filled with first oversize.
Preferably, in above-mentioned steps e, support frame as described above material includes the protective plate for being symmetrically disposed on the field planting ditch two sides,
The protective plate includes that fixed bottom plate, fixed cant board and cold-proof bottom plate, the fixed bottom plate are fixedly installed in the insulating layer
Top, and close to the side wall of the field planting ditch, the fixed cant board is perpendicular to the fixed bottom plate, and to the field planting ditch
The direction of upper edge extends, and the cold-proof bottom plate is articulated and connected in the fixed bottom plate, and being capable of the relatively described fixed bottom plate rotation
Turn.
Preferably, the cold-proof bottom plate is provided with digging baffle, the digging baffle far from the side of the fixed bottom plate
Perpendicular to the cold-proof bottom plate, and when the cold-proof bottom plate is rotated to the position for being parallel to the fixed bottom plate, the digging
Linear distance between baffle and the fixed cant board be greater than or equal to edge on the fixed bottom plate and the field planting ditch away from
From.
Preferably, the cold-proof bottom plate is provided with cold-proof extension board close to the side of the digging baffle, described cold-proof to prolong
It stretches plate and is parallel to the cold-proof bottom plate setting, and offer vine through hole on the cold-proof extension board.
Preferably, support frame as described above material further includes several support rods, and the support rod word order is on the field planting ditch
Side, and be arranged perpendicular to horizontal plane, the upper end of the support rod is provided with support wire drawing.
Preferably, the protective plate is made of styrofoam or asbestos board.
The present invention by adopting the above technical scheme, the beneficial effect is that:
The soil that generation will be excavated from original place is carried out screening disinfection by one, and then original soil backfills, and greatly reduces prepartion of land expense
With and smooth difficulty, reduce original soil send outside soil amount, be conducive to the holding of ecological environment.
Secondly, obtained the second screenings of screening is filled in the bottom of field planting ditch, form the water conservation layer, described second
The soil particle of screenings is tiny, forms the water conservation layer of a 30cm~50cm in field planting ditch bottom, water can not only be effectively reduced
Fertilizer is lost, and maintains the permeability of water and soil, is conducive to ooze out the field planting ditch internal water accumulation when there is the flooded rainy day.Described
The top for being retained layer is laid with the nutritive layer of 50cm~80cm, and the nutritive layer is by the second oversize Mixed nutrient medium shape
At constituting the main growing nutrient region of grape root system, second oversize has not only screened out the lesser sandy soil of granularity, and sieves
In addition to the biggish stone grain of granularity, there is preferable transparent performance and liquid manure retention property, nutrient matrix not only ensure that grape is raw
Nutriment necessary to growth process, and under the action of the complex micro organism fungicide, a good growing environment is provided,
Pest and disease damage probability of happening is reduced, vine survival rate is improved.More importantly the complex micro organism fungicide growth course
In, the stickum of secretion can be improved the water retention property of the nutritive layer, and the acidic materials of secretion can speed up the nutrition
Minerals in layer are decomposed to the mineral element absorbed by grape root system, to improve the quality of grape.By described
One oversize is layed on the nutritive layer, forms the insulating layer of 3cm~5cm, and the building stones particle of the first oversize is larger, is easy
Heat and slow release heat are absorbed, the temperature for being conducive to root system is adjusted.
Thirdly, the water conservation layer, the nutritive layer and the insulating layer by setting gradually from below to up, liquid manure is in institute
Under the action of stating nutritive layer and the water conservation layer, not easily run off, substantially increase water and fertilizer utilization rate, and occur the flooded rainy day when
It waits, the ponding being colonized in ditch can prevent grape root system long through the nutritive layer and the water conservation layer rapid osmotic to lower layer
Phase immersion causes grape dead.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method method flow diagram of the cultivating grape in the soil rich in gravel.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram for being colonized ditch.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of support frame material.
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram under a working condition of protective plate.
In figure: field planting ditch 100, water conservation layer 101, nutritive layer 102, insulating layer 103, humidity regulation layer 104, upper moisturizing layer
1041, lower moisturizing layer 1042, drip irrigation zone 1043, carbon dioxide regulating course 105, gas exchanges pipe 1051, support frame material 200, anti-
Backplate 210, fixed bottom plate 211, fixed cant board 212, cold-proof bottom plate 213, digging baffle 214, cold-proof extension board 215, grape
Set through hole 2151, support rod 220, support wire drawing 221.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing of the invention, further details of theory is done to technical solution of the present invention and technical effect
It is bright.
Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in a specific embodiment, a kind of side of the cultivating grape in the soil rich in gravel
Method, comprising the following steps:
S101. excavate field planting ditch 100: i.e. on the soil of grape to be planted, along south-north direction, cutting depth for 100cm~
The field planting ditch of 120cm, width 80cm~120cm.The cross section of the field planting ditch is in approximate oblong-shaped, and on along following 30cm
It is supreme smooth along position repairing.Main distributed areas of the field planting ditch 100 as grape root system.
S102. soil sieves: will excavate the soil excavated during field planting ditch 100 and carries out by least three partial size grades
Screening, obtains the first oversize, the second oversize and the second screenings, and respectively to first oversize, second sieve
Upper object and second screenings carry out disinfection processing.I.e. during excavating field planting ditch 100, in the field planting ditch
100 side carries out coarse crushing crushing to soil with sieve and sieves, and at least three partial size grades are arranged in screening process, for example,
So that the partial size of the stone grain of first oversize be greater than or equal to 0.5cm so that the partial size of second screenings be less than or
Equal to 0.1cm, so that be between 0.1cm~0.5cm can be according to the actual situation to described for the partial size of second oversize
The partial size of the stone grain of one oversize, second oversize and second screenings is adjusted.During screening, to
Soil sterilants, such as hymexazol, fenaminosulf, dazomet are sprayed on the soil being sized, is carried out disinfection sterilization to soil, and Portugal is reduced
Grape pest and disease damage influences, and improves grape survival rate and yield.
It carrying out disinfection during soil screening to soil, disinfectant can come into full contact with disinfection and sterilization with soil particle,
Compared to the soil disinfection mode of traditional static, disinfection efficiency is more preferable, and bactericidal effect is more preferable.
S103. soil backfills: firstly, second screenings is backfilled to the bottom of the field planting ditch 100, with a thickness of
30cm~50cm forms water conservation layer 101.The soil particle of second screenings is tiny, forms one in field planting 100 bottom of ditch
The water conservation layer 101 of 30cm~50cm can not only be effectively reduced liquid manure loss, and maintain the permeability of water and soil, conducive to occurring
When the flooded rainy day, 100 internal water accumulation of the field planting ditch exudation avoids grape root system from soaking for a long time and rots, causes vine dead.
Secondly, second oversize is mixed with the nutrient matrix prepared in advance, and it is layed on the water conservation layer 101
Side, thickness 50cm~80cm form nutritive layer 102.For example, the nutrient matrix is by weight, including following substance: 30 parts
~50 parts of sandy soil, 30 parts~50 parts organic fertilizers, 2 parts~20 parts acid mineral fertilizer, 0.5 part~1 part mineral matter element additive,
0.5 part~1 part complex micro organism fungicide.Preferably, the nutrient matrix by weight, including following substance: 30 parts
Sandy soil, 50 parts of organic fertilizers, 19 parts of acid mineral fertilizer, 0.5 part of mineral matter element additive, 0.5 part of complex micro organism fungicide.
The nutritive layer 102 constitutes the main growing nutrient region of grape root system, and second oversize not only screens out
The lesser sandy soil of granularity, and the biggish stone grain of granularity has been screened out, while there is preferable transparent performance and liquid manure retention property, it seeks
Feeding matrix not only ensure that nutriment necessary to grape growth process, and under the action of the complex micro organism fungicide,
One good growing environment is provided, pest and disease damage probability of happening is reduced, improves vine survival rate.More importantly described
In complex micro organism fungicide growth course, the stickum of secretion can be improved the water retention property of the nutritive layer 102, secretion
The minerals that acidic materials can speed up in the nutritive layer 102 are decomposed to the mineral element absorbed by grape root system, from
And improve the quality of grape.
Finally, first oversize is layed in 102 top of nutritive layer, thickness 3cm~5cm forms insulating layer
103.The building stones particle of first oversize is larger, is easy to absorb heat and slow release heat, and the temperature for being conducive to root system is adjusted.
Meanwhile the insulating layer 103 provides the mass exchange channel of a grape root system and atmospheric environment, avoids upper layer of soil in length
During phase water impregnates, there is hardened, reduction gas permeability, influences grape growth, reduction grape yield.
Preferably, the complex micro organism fungicide includes bacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus decomposing
Bacterium, potassium solubilizing bacteria, wherein bacillus polymyxa accounts for the 50%~80% of all strain quantity.Bacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis,
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria not only provide only the growing environment for being conducive to grape root system, and decomposition nutrition matter has
It is absorbed with component for grape root system, meanwhile, during growth and breeding, it is special to be formed for bacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis
Bacterium colony group, be distributed among the nutritive layer 102, second oversize in the nutritive layer 102 made each other it
Between or between nutrient matrix form connection tie, while keeping 102 permeability of nutritive layer, further improve described
Nutritive layer 102 water conservation, letter water performance, adjust the moisture stable of the nutritive layer 102, for grape growth provide one it is good
The environment of water circulation.
S104. it pours water penetration: watering into the field planting ditch 100 for having backfilled soil, make the water conservation layer 101, the nutrition
Layer 102 and 103 natural subsidence of the insulating layer, after sedimentation the insulating layer 103 on the field planting ditch 100 along 15cm~
30cm.Watering sedimentation prevents from occurring in backfilling process hollow so that the water conservation layer 101 and the compacting of the nutritive layer 102
State, meanwhile, watering sedimentation provides so that the sufficiently immersion of the water conservation layer 101 and the nutritive layer 102 for grape normal growth
One relatively stable water environment.After watering sedimentation, the upper edge of the insulating layer 103 and the field planting ditch 100 have 15cm~
The distance of 30cm, therefore the structure of a slot type is formed on the top of the field planting ditch 100, grape is planted in the slot type structure
On, on the one hand, in northern area, be conducive to sand prevention, that is, prevent the grape seedling phase from being blown and beaten by dust storm, survival rate reduces, another party
Face so that grape root above section is maintained uprightly is conducive to that grape branches and tendrils are fixed in the grape growth later period,
Be conducive to carry out the management of grape nursery stock.
S105. frame material is set up: set up on the field planting ditch 100 and be used to support the support frame material 200 of vine shoot, with
In the grape growth phase, grape branches and tendrils are fixed and are guided.
S106. it is colonized grape seedling and carries out daily management.For example, carrying out grape transplanting stock and day in the following manner
Often management.
1, nursery stock is disposed
Own-rooted tree: 0.6 ㎝ or more of clip rugosity has 3~5 full buds, and seedling root is complete, has 5~6 20cm or so long
Root system.The nursery stock purchased on the day before plant by storage or newly is taken out, and checks nursery stock dehydration situation, if new clip is bud green
It is not required to the immersion of long-time clear water, otherwise should be impregnated in clear water 24 hours.Nursery stock must carry out disinfection, and thimerosal can use 5 Baumes
Lime sulfur is spent to impregnate 3 minutes.
Grafting: 0.6 ㎝ or more of clip rugosity, the above scion of graft union have 3~5 full buds, and seedling root is complete,
The root system for having 5~6 20cm or so long.
Stock and scion: the stock of salt resistance alkali, drought resisting, cold-resistant, well developed root system, the generally product such as selection 1103P, 5BB are selected
Kind.Scion selection must pick up from nontoxic female parent.First Year first plants stock, carries out high-order green branch again after stock forming and transfers
It connects, grafting open height can be retained in 4 leaves or more, probably from the ground 50cm or so.
Nutrition pot seedling: it is required that 1 heart of 5 leaf, 1 heart or 6 leaf.Abundant hardening is taken before plant 20 days or so.
2, posture selects
It is cultivated using tilting list dragon climing (factory's font), it is 70cm away from planting furrow height that trunk tilt angle, which is 45 degree, and trunk is long
Degree is 100cm, leaf curtain height 130cm, leaf curtain thickness 80cm.
3, planting density
It is colonized using uniline, it is 1m, line-spacing 3.5m that uniline, which transplants spacing in the rows,.
4, resident time
Spring plant, one year seedling mid-April to late May complete field planting；Nutrition pot seedling late May to early June completes fixed
It plants.
5, method for planting
In the planting pit for digging 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3m on the planting furrow for sinking reality of having poured water, it is planted in bar, and the pole with plant
It keeps on the same line, cuts off too long, withered or mouldy root system before one year seedling plant, root system, which is cut, stays 10cm or so；Major branch
It cuts and stays 3~6 buds.Nursery stock is put among hole, seedling root stretching, extension is kept, earthing is higher than root system 1cm, drips immediately after field planting.
Press strip earthing after pouring water prevents spring branch from draining, and improves plant percent.
6, irrigation system
It is irrigated using drip irrigation, dripping end flow: 1.6L/h~2.0L/h, water dropper spacing: 50cm, trickle irrigation pipe diameter: 16
㎜。
In one of the embodiments, in above-mentioned steps S103, between the water conservation layer 101 and the nutritive layer 102
It is equipped with humidity regulation layer 104, the humidity regulation layer 104 includes upper moisturizing layer 1041, lower moisturizing layer 1042 and drip irrigation zone
1043, the lower moisturizing layer 1042 is layed on the water conservation layer 101, and the upper moisturizing layer 1041 is layed in the lower moisturizing layer
On 1042, the drip irrigation zone 1043 is located between the upper moisturizing layer 1041 and the lower moisturizing layer 1042.The upper moisturizing
Layer 1041 and the lower moisturizing layer 1042 are made of the material with water suction or water retention property, such as straw screen or mat, organic sponge.It is described
Drip irrigation zone 1043 is located between the upper moisturizing layer 1041 and the lower moisturizing layer 1042, and to the upper moisturizing layer 1041 and
Lower 1042 moisturizing of moisturizing layer, moisture content through the upper moisturizing layer 1041 and the lower moisturizing layer 1042 by the nutritive layer and
The water conservation layer absorbs, and during on the one hand maintaining grape growth on the other hand necessary moisture content prevents from irrigating for a long time
Ponding region is formed, causes to rot in the water of grape rhizosphere long period of soaking.Meanwhile the upper moisturizing layer 1041 and the lower moisturizing
Layer 1042 can effectively prevent the soil exchange between the water conservation layer 101 and the nutritive layer 102, and then effectively maintain
The liquid manure of the nutritive layer 102 improves the 102 liquid manure attrition status of nutritive layer.The upper moisturizing layer 1041 and the lower guarantor
Wet layer 1042 also provides the channel of a water coke slurry, when the nutritive layer 102 is in exsiccosis, the water conservation layer 101 with
And the moisture content of water conservation 101 or less the soil of layer can penetrate the humidity regulation layer 104, the supply of Xiang Suoshu nutritive layer 102 one
Quantitative moisture content, meanwhile, when the nutritive layer 102 is in excess water state, the moisture content of the nutritive layer 102 can be through described
Upper moisturizing layer 1041 and the lower moisturizing layer 1042 penetrate into the water conservation layer 101 and 101 or less the soil of water conservation layer
In so that form the water coke slurry environment an of part in the field planting ditch 100, avoid 102 water shortage of nutritive layer or
Excess water improves grape survival rate, improves vintage.
Titanium dioxide is also equipped between the water conservation layer 101 and the humidity regulation layer 104 in one of the embodiments,
Carbon regulating course 105, the carbon dioxide regulating course 105 is made of crop material crushed material, with a thickness of 30cm~50cm.Described two
Several gas exchanges pipes 1051 are provided on carbonoxide regulating course 105, described 1051 one end of gas exchanges pipe is plugged in described two
On carbonoxide regulating course 105, the other end passes through the nutritive layer 102 and the insulating layer 103, extends to the field planting ditch 100
On along above.The carbon dioxide regulating course 105 is in 104 lower section of humidity regulation layer, by crop material crushed material structure
At, and it is in the state of anaerobic fermentation.Grape growth phase, the carbon dioxide regulating course 105 carry out anaerobic fermentation, generate dioxy
Change carbon gas, carbon dioxide gas adjusts grape week above 1051 loss of gas exchanges pipe to the field planting ditch 100
The gas concentration lwevel enclosed promotes grape photosynthesis, keeps grape growth more vigorous, improves grape fruit sugar content.It is another
Aspect, the carbon dioxide regulating course 105 constantly generate and discharge carbon dioxide, just form the pressure of a gas phase, the pressure
It acts on the humidity regulation layer 104,102 liquid manure of nutritive layer has been blocked to lose to lower layer's diffusion flow, reduce liquid manure and be lost.
On the other hand, the carbon dioxide regulating course 105 generates certain heat, is conducive to european grape root during anaerobic fermentation
The heat preservation of system, this point northerly winter are particularly important, and can effectively improve the survival rate after grape is passed the winter.
The cross section of the nutritive layer 102 is trapezoidal in one of the embodiments, and the two sides of the nutritive layer 102 are filled out
Filled with first oversize.Under normal condition, the first oversize positioned at 102 two sides of nutritive layer, which has, absorbs heat simultaneously
The function of slow release heat is conducive to the maintenance of the temperature environment of grape root system.When there is waterlogging, ponding is by the nutrition
In the gap of first oversize of 102 two sides of layer, rapid osmotic enters side wall or the water conservation layer and following soil, to avoid
Ponding can not rule out for a long time, causes grape rhizosphere to soak for a long time and rots.
In one of the embodiments, in above-mentioned steps S105, support frame as described above material 200 is described fixed including being symmetrically disposed on
The protective plate 210 of 100 two sides of planting ditch, the protective plate 210 include fixed bottom plate 211, fixed cant board 212 and cold-proof bottom plate
213, the fixed bottom plate 211 is fixedly installed in 103 top of insulating layer, and close to the side wall of the field planting ditch 100, described
Fixed cant board 212 extends perpendicular to the fixed bottom plate 211, and to the direction of the upper edge of the field planting ditch 100, described anti-
The cold articulated connection of bottom plate 213 can be rotated in the fixed bottom plate 211 relative to the fixed bottom plate 211.
The fixed bottom plate 211 is fixed on the insulating layer 103 by initial planting, and close to the field planting ditch 100
Side wall, so that the fixed cant board 212 is close to the side wall of described value ditch 100.The grape growth phase, by the cold-proof bottom plate 213
The rotation extremely position parallel with the fixed cant board 212, and it is fixed, to prevent 100 two sides of field planting ditch from collapsing, by grape
Root injures by a crashing object or buries, and causes to directly affect to grape growth.Spend the teletostage, by cold-proof bottom plate 213 rotation to it is described solid
Determine the vertical position of cant board 212, the cold-proof bottom plate 213 described at this time is parallel to the insulating layer 103, to the cold-proof bottom plate
Mulching soil or other thermal insulation materials, keep the temperature grape root system on 213, improve heat preservation Water-saving effect.It, will after grape is passed the winter
The soil or thermal insulation material of the cold-proof bottom plate 213 remove, will the cold-proof rotation of bottom plate 213 extremely with the fixed cant board
212 parallel positions guarantee grape normal growth.
It is worth noting that spending the teletostage, heat preservation soil or thermal insulation material are kept apart, are prevented by the cold-proof bottom plate 213
Heat preservation soil or thermal insulation material directly cover the insulating layer 103, it is difficult to remove, to keep the soil of the field planting ditch 100
Earth state by by the pollution of heat preservation soil or thermal insulation material, does not maintain high-caliber gas permeability and liquid manure retentivity.
Further, the cold-proof bottom plate 213 is provided with digging baffle 214, institute far from the side of the fixed bottom plate 211
Digging baffle 214 is stated perpendicular to the cold-proof bottom plate 213, and when cold-proof bottom plate 213 rotation is to being parallel to the fixed bottom
When the position of plate 211, the linear distance between the digging baffle 214 and the fixed cant board 212 is greater than or equal to described
Fixed bottom plate 211 is at a distance from edge on the field planting ditch 100.
When the cold-proof rotation of bottom plate 213 to the position parallel with the fixed cant board 212, the digging baffle
214 are erected on the upper at of the field planting ditch, in order to consolidate to the fixed cant board 212 and the cold-proof bottom plate 213
It is fixed.The teletostage is spent, by the cold-proof rotation of bottom plate 213 to the position vertical with the fixed cant board 212, at this point, the fixation
Cant board 212, the cold-proof bottom plate 213 and the digging baffle 214 form a groove body, by heat preservation soil or thermal insulation material
Covering is between groove body, after passing the winter, can be used it is mechanically direct the intracorporal soil of slot or thermal insulation material are purged, the digging
The grape root and mechanical isolation that baffle 214 makes, to avoid making during removing heat preservation soil or thermal insulation material
Grape root is injured.
Further, the cold-proof bottom plate 213 is provided with cold-proof extension board close to the side of the digging baffle 214
215, the cold-proof extension board 215 is parallel to the cold-proof bottom plate 213 and is arranged, and offers Portugal on the cold-proof extension board 215
Grape tree through hole 2151.That is, two protective plates 210 being oppositely arranged, when the cold-proof rotation of bottom plate 213 is as described solid
When determining the vertical position of cant board 212, the side of two cold-proof extension boards 215 comes close to or in contact with closure, and viny
Portion can pass through the cold-proof extension board 215 through the vine through hole 2151.At this point, two digging baffles 214
And the cold-proof extension board 215 forms a groove body, can bury heat preservation soil or thermal insulation material in groove body, after passing the winter, this
The process that part heat preservation soil or thermal insulation material can be rotated by the cold-proof bottom plate 213, from the shifting of the field planting ditch 100
It removes, prevents grape rhizosphere from damaging, improve labor efficiency.Meanwhile when the cold-proof rotation of bottom plate 213 is as the fixed cant board
When 212 parallel position, the cold-proof extension board 215 is higher by edge on the field planting ditch 100, can effectively check winds and fix drifting sand, prevent
Sand in the field planting ditch 100.
Preferably, the protective plate 210 is made of styrofoam or asbestos board, to improve the protective plate 210 simultaneously
Heat insulating effect, guarantee grape pass the winter safely.
Support frame as described above material 200 further includes several support rods 220, the support rod 220 1 in one of the embodiments,
Word arrangement is arranged above the field planting ditch 10, and perpendicular to horizontal plane, and the upper end of the support rod 220 is provided with support wire drawing
221, in the grape growth phase, to fix and guide grape complicated and confused, grape branches and tendrils is made to carry out photosynthetic response towards expectation, easy
, improve yield, convenient for picking direction grow.
The above disclosure is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, cannot limit the right model of the present invention with this certainly
It encloses, those skilled in the art can understand all or part of the processes for realizing the above embodiment, and wants according to right of the present invention
Made equivalent variations is sought, is still belonged to the scope covered by the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of the cultivating grape in the soil rich in gravel, which comprises the following steps:
A. excavate field planting ditch: on the soil of grape to be planted, along south-north direction, cutting depth is 100cm~120cm, width
The field planting of 80cm~120cm is colonized ditch；
B. soil sieves: will excavate the soil for being colonized and excavating during field planting ditch and sieves by least three partial size grades, obtains
To the first oversize, the second oversize and the second screenings, and respectively to first oversize, second oversize and institute
The second screenings is stated to carry out disinfection processing；
C. soil backfills: second screenings is backfilled to the bottom of the field planting field planting ditch, with a thickness of 30cm~50cm,
Form water conservation layer；Second oversize is mixed with the nutrient matrix prepared in advance, and is layed in above the water conservation layer, it is thick
50cm~80cm is spent, nutritive layer is formed；First oversize is layed in above the nutritive layer, thickness 3cm~5cm, shape
At insulating layer；
Wherein, the nutrient matrix by weight, including following substance: 30 parts~50 parts sandy soil, 30 parts~50 parts organic fertilizers,
2 parts~20 parts acid mineral fertilizer, 0.5 part~1 part mineral matter element additive, 0.5 part~1 part complex micro organism fungicide；
D. it pours water penetration: being colonized in ditch and water to the field planting for having backfilled soil, make the water conservation layer, the nutritive layer and described
Insulating layer natural subsidence, the insulating layer is on the field planting field planting ditch along 15cm~30cm after sedimentation；
E. frame material is set up: the support frame material for being used to support vine shoot is set up on the field planting field planting ditch；
F. field planting is colonized grape seedling and carries out daily management.
2. as described in claim 1 rich in gravel soil in cultivating grape method, which is characterized in that in step c, institute
Stating complex micro organism fungicide includes bacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, wherein more viscous buds
Spore bacillus accounts for the 50%~80% of all strain quantity.
3. as described in claim 1 rich in gravel soil in cultivating grape method, which is characterized in that in step c, In
Humidity regulation layer is equipped between the water conservation layer and the nutritive layer, the humidity regulation layer includes upper moisturizing layer, lower moisturizing
Layer and drip irrigation zone, the lower moisturizing layer are layed on the water conservation layer, and the upper moisturizing layer is layed on the lower moisturizing layer, institute
Drip irrigation zone is stated to be located between the upper moisturizing layer and the lower moisturizing layer.
4. as claimed in claim 3 rich in gravel soil in cultivating grape method, which is characterized in that the water conservation layer
Carbon dioxide regulating course is also equipped between the humidity regulation layer, the carbon dioxide regulating course is by crop material crushed material
It constitutes, with a thickness of 30cm~50cm；Several gas exchanges pipes, the gas exchanges pipe are provided on the carbon dioxide regulating course
One end is plugged on the carbon dioxide regulating course, and the other end passes through the nutritive layer and the insulating layer, and it is described fixed to extend to
Along above on plant field planting ditch.
5. as described in claim 1 rich in gravel soil in cultivating grape method, which is characterized in that the nutritive layer
Cross section it is trapezoidal, the two sides of the nutritive layer are filled with first oversize.
6. as described in claim 1 rich in gravel soil in cultivating grape method, which is characterized in that in step e, institute
Stating support frame material includes the protective plate for being symmetrically disposed on the field planting ditch two sides, and the protective plate includes fixed bottom plate, affixed side
Vertical plate and cold-proof bottom plate, the fixed bottom plate are fixedly installed in above the insulating layer, and close to the side wall of the field planting ditch, institute
Fixed cant board is stated perpendicular to the fixed bottom plate, and is extended to the direction of the upper edge of the field planting ditch, the cold-proof bottom plate
It is articulated and connected in the fixed bottom plate, and can be rotated relative to the fixed bottom plate.
7. as claimed in claim 6 rich in gravel soil in cultivating grape method, which is characterized in that the cold-proof bottom
Plate is provided with digging baffle far from the side of the fixed bottom plate, and the digging baffle works as institute perpendicular to the cold-proof bottom plate
When stating cold-proof bottom plate and rotating to the position for being parallel to the fixed bottom plate, between the digging baffle and the fixed cant board
Linear distance is greater than or equal to the fixed bottom plate at a distance from edge on the field planting ditch.
8. as claimed in claim 7 rich in gravel soil in cultivating grape method, which is characterized in that the cold-proof bottom
Plate is provided with cold-proof extension board close to the side of the digging baffle, and the cold-proof extension board is parallel to the cold-proof bottom plate and sets
It sets, and offers vine through hole on the cold-proof extension board.
9. as claimed in claim 6 rich in gravel soil in cultivating grape method, which is characterized in that support frame as described above
Material further includes several support rods, and the support rod word order is arranged above the field planting ditch, and perpendicular to horizontal plane, described
The upper end of support rod is provided with support wire drawing.
10. the method for cultivating grape, feature in the soil rich in gravel as described in any one of claim 6~9
It is, the protective plate is made of styrofoam or asbestos board.
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| CN115253880A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-01 | 珠海市清创智慧海绵技术研究院有限公司 | Manufacturing process and preparation device of granular bioretention facility growth medium |
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