CN110465740A - 摆动焊接法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
通过在焊接时沿着竖直和/或水平方向的摆动运动实现较小的颗粒,所述较小的颗粒防止在焊接时形成裂纹。
Description
本发明专利申请是申请日为2014年10月13日、申请号为 201480066878.3、发明名称为“摆动焊接法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种焊接方法,其中焊束摆动运动。
背景技术
在具有高份额的金属相γ’的镍基超合金的激光堆焊中,在熔融物凝 固期间就已经会引起热裂纹形成。通过具有圆形的强度分布的激光的射 束直径的减小提高冷却速率并且能够避免凝固裂纹。然而,由此材料的 构造速率变小。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是阐明一种焊接方法,借助于所述焊接方法能 够实现高的冷却速率并且同时实现大的构造速率。
所述目的通过根据权利要求1的方法来实现。
在从属权利要求中列举其他有利的措施,所述措施能够彼此任意组 合,以便实现其他的优点。
所述方法在焊接时简单且更快速地产生无裂纹的微结构。
附图说明
图1示出
图1示意性地示出具有激光器和粉末输送部的堆焊装置的设置。
图1和说明书仅为本发明的实施例。
具体实施方式
通过沿水平和/或竖直方向的摆动运动以及在激光辐射的变化中,凝 固前沿持续地改变,使得实现摆动的凝固形式。通过持续改变的凝固功 能,在熔融物凝固期间颗粒生长中断并且晶格单粒地凝固。由于晶格的 这种细粒性,将因此而剩余的焊接残余应力分布到晶界上,使得避免焊 缝中的或焊道中的裂纹或在其之间的裂纹。
焊接方法能够为再熔或堆焊。在这两个方法中存在熔融物和凝固前 沿。
附图示出焊接方法的、尤其激光焊接法的设备1。
所述方法不限制于激光焊接法,而是也适用于电子焊接法和其他的 焊接方法,如等离子焊接法或者其他的增材制造法。
将材料堆积到基底4上,所述基底在涡轮机叶片中为具有高的γ’份 额的镍基的或钴基的超合金进而通常为难以焊接的合金。作为堆焊装置 的一部分的焊道6已经产生。
在激光器与其激光辐射作为示例性的能量源13对准基底4的部位 处存在熔池7。经由作为示例性的材料输送部10的粉末喷嘴使粉末8 熔化。
该激光辐射尤其是脉冲式的并且材料8以粉末的形式输送,但是也 能够作为线来输送。
激光辐射或能量输送部13能够沿着竖直于基底4的表面5的方向 16往复运动,使得在熔池7的表面上产生激光束直径的变化。偏转优选 在1mm和2mm之间。
替选地或附加地,垂直于方向16优选能够通过水平运动19执行摆 动运动,所述水平运动横向于激光辐射的能量输送部13的以及粉末输 送部10的相对于熔池7的前进运动。摆动运动的偏转优选在1mm和 2mm之间。
待焊接的面在至少一个方向上具有大于等于4mm的长度,即优选 并排地产生或堆积多个焊道,所述多个焊道也能够重叠。
竖直运动16或水平运动19能够在再熔或堆焊时单独地使用或彼此 组合地使用,并且与能量输送部13相对于基底4的前进运动叠加。也 就是说,在基底4的沿着方向19的俯视图中,在沿着方向19的摆动运 动中,产生之字形运动、蜿蜒形运动或正弦形运动。这也类似地适用于 在沿着方向16的摆动运动中垂直于方向16的俯视图。
通过该方法途径根据本发明实现改进的材料特性。
根据本公开的实施例,还公开了以下附记:
附记1.一种用于焊接的方法,
其中材料输送部(10)和/或用于焊接的能量源(13)以摆动的方 式相对于基底(4)的表面(5)运动。
附记2.根据附记1所述的方法,
其中进行再熔焊接。
附记3.根据附记1所述的方法,
其中进行堆焊。
附记4.根据附记1或2中的一项或两项所述的方法,
其中所述能量源(13)以摆动的方式沿着竖直的方向(16)相对于 所述表面(5)运动。
附记5.根据附记1、2或4中的一项或多项所述的方法,
其中所述能量源(13)以摆动的方式沿着水平的方向(16)相对于 所述表面(5)运动。
附记6.根据附记1或3中的一项或两项所述的方法,
其中所述能量源(13)和所述材料输送部(10)以摆动的方式相对 于所述基底(4)的表面(5)水平地运动。
附记7.根据附记1、3或6中的一项或多项所述的方法,
其中能量源(13)和材料输送部(10)沿着竖直方向进行摆动运动。
附记8.根据附记1、2、3、4、5、6或7中的一项或多项所述的方 法,
其中使用激光辐射作为能量源(13)。
附记9.根据附记1、3、6、7或8中的一项或多项所述的方法,
其中使用粉末作为材料(8),所述材料通过所述材料输送部(10) 输送。
附记10.根据附记中的一项或多项所述的方法,
其中使用镍基的或钴基的超合金作为基底(4)。
附记11.根据附记1、3、6、7、8、9或10中的一项或多项所述的 方法,
其中使用焊接喷嘴,所述焊接喷嘴具有所述材料输送部(10)、尤 其粉末输送部,和能量(13)的产生装置和输送部,尤其激光辐射的产 生装置和输送部。
附记12.根据上述附记中的一项或多项所述的方法,
其中摆动运动为直至2mm,尤其偏转在1mm和2mm之间。
附记13.根据上述附记中的一项或多项所述的方法,
其中焊接区域在至少一个定向中大于等于4mm。
附记14.根据上述附记中的一项或多项所述的方法,
其中并排地产生或堆积多个焊道。
Claims (1)
1.一种用于焊接的方法,
其中材料输送部(10)和/或用于焊接的能量源(13)以摆动的方式相对于基底(4)的表面(5)运动,
其中进行堆焊,
其中所述能量源(13)以摆动的方式沿着水平的方向(16)相对于所述表面(5)运动,
其中使用激光辐射作为能量源(13),
其中使用粉末作为材料(8),所述材料通过所述材料输送部(10)输送,
其中使用镍基的或钴基的超合金作为基底(4),
其中使用焊接喷嘴,所述焊接喷嘴具有所述材料输送部(10)、尤其粉末输送部,和能量(13)的产生装置和输送部,尤其激光辐射的产生装置和输送部,
其中摆动运动为直至2mm,尤其在1mm和2mm之间偏转,
其中焊接区域在至少一个定向中大于等于4mm,
其中并排地产生或堆积多个焊道。
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DE102013225490.3A DE102013225490A1 (de) | 2013-12-10 | 2013-12-10 | Oszillierendes Schweißverfahren |
DE102013225490.3 | 2013-12-10 | ||
CN201480066878.3A CN105813794A (zh) | 2013-12-10 | 2014-10-13 | 摆动焊接法 |
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CN111843211A (zh) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-10-30 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | 激光焊接方法及装置 |
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DE102014200834A1 (de) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-07-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Pendelndes Schweißverfahren |
DE102017206843A1 (de) * | 2017-04-24 | 2018-10-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Veränderung der Leistung beim Wobbeln |
CN107442935A (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-08 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | 一种铝合金激光摆动焊接工艺方法 |
CN107511584A (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-26 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | 一种马鞍形铝合金结构激光焊接工艺方法 |
IT201900004681A1 (it) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-09-28 | Prima Ind Spa | Procedimento e sistema di additive manufacturing |
CN110625219A (zh) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-12-31 | 上海工程技术大学 | 一种不同厚度的厚壁铝合金结构件的电弧增材制造工艺 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20190002760A (ko) | 2019-01-08 |
CN105813794A (zh) | 2016-07-27 |
US20160288263A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
KR20160079879A (ko) | 2016-07-06 |
RU2638488C1 (ru) | 2017-12-13 |
WO2015086194A1 (de) | 2015-06-18 |
EP3046721A1 (de) | 2016-07-27 |
DE102013225490A1 (de) | 2015-06-11 |
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