CN105813794A - 摆动焊接法 - Google Patents

摆动焊接法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105813794A
CN105813794A CN201480066878.3A CN201480066878A CN105813794A CN 105813794 A CN105813794 A CN 105813794A CN 201480066878 A CN201480066878 A CN 201480066878A CN 105813794 A CN105813794 A CN 105813794A
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Prior art keywords
welding
delivery section
described method
energy source
substrate
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CN201480066878.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
尼古拉·阿里亚金
贝恩德·布尔鲍姆
米夏埃尔·奥特
塞巴斯蒂安·皮格特
安德烈斯·加塞尔
洪辰
斯特法尼·林嫩布林克
弗兰克·门采尔
诺贝特·皮尔沙
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Siemens AG
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Siemens AG
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Priority to CN201910585190.0A priority Critical patent/CN110465740A/zh
Publication of CN105813794A publication Critical patent/CN105813794A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/005—Repairing methods or devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/001—Turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
    • F05D2230/234—Laser welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/17—Alloys
    • F05D2300/175—Superalloys

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

通过在焊接时沿着竖直和/或水平方向的摆动运动实现较小的颗粒，所述较小的颗粒防止在焊接时形成裂纹。

Description

摆动焊接法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种焊接方法，其中焊束摆动运动。
背景技术
在具有高份额的金属相γ’的镍基超合金的激光堆焊中，在熔融物凝固期间就已经会引起热裂纹形成。通过具有圆形的强度分布的激光的射束直径的减小提高冷却速率并且能够避免凝固裂纹。然而，由此材料的构造速率变小。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是阐明一种焊接方法，借助于所述焊接方法能够实现高的冷却速率并且同时实现大的构造速率。
所述目的通过根据权利要求1的方法来实现。
在从属权利要求中列举其他有利的措施，所述措施能够彼此任意组合，以便实现其他的优点。
所述方法在焊接时简单且更快速地产生无裂纹的微结构。
附图说明
附图示出
附图示意性地示出具有激光器和粉末输送部的堆焊装置的设置。
附图和说明书仅为本发明的实施例。
具体实施方式
通过沿水平和/或竖直方向的摆动运动以及在激光辐射的变化中，凝固前沿持续地改变，使得实现摆动的凝固形式。通过持续改变的凝固功能，在熔融物凝固期间颗粒生长中断并且晶格单粒地凝固。由于晶格的这种细粒性，将因此而剩余的焊接残余应力分布到晶界上，使得避免焊缝中的或焊道中的裂纹或在其之间的裂纹。
焊接方法能够为再熔或堆焊。在这两个方法中存在熔融物和凝固前沿。
附图示出焊接方法的、尤其激光焊接法的设备1。
所述方法不限制于激光焊接法，而是也适用于电子焊接法和其他的焊接方法，如等离子焊接法或者其他的增材制造法。
将材料堆积到基底4上，所述基底在涡轮机叶片中为具有高的γ’份额的镍基的或钴基的超合金进而通常为难以焊接的合金。作为堆焊装置的一部分的焊道6已经产生。
在激光器与其激光辐射作为示例性的能量源13对准基底4的部位处存在熔池7。经由作为示例性的材料输送部10的粉末喷嘴使粉末8熔化。
该激光辐射尤其是脉冲式的并且材料8以粉末的形式输送，但是也能够作为线来输送。
激光辐射或能量输送部13能够沿着竖直于基底4的表面5的方向16往复运动，使得在熔池7的表面上产生激光束直径的变化。偏转优选在1mm和2mm之间。
替选地或附加地，垂直于方向16优选能够通过水平运动19执行摆动运动，所述水平运动横向于激光辐射的能量输送部13的以及粉末输送部10的相对于熔池7的前进运动。摆动运动的偏转优选在1mm和2mm之间。
待焊接的面在至少一个方向上具有大于等于4mm的长度，即优选并排地产生或堆积多个焊道，所述多个焊道也能够重叠。
竖直运动16或水平运动19能够在再熔或堆焊时单独地使用或彼此组合地使用，并且与能量输送部13相对于基底4的前进运动叠加。也就是说，在基底4的沿着方向19的俯视图中，在沿着方向19的摆动运动中，产生之字形运动、蜿蜒形运动或正弦形运动。这也类似地适用于在沿着方向16的摆动运动中垂直于方向16的俯视图。
通过该方法途径根据本发明实现改进的材料特性。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于焊接的方法，
其中材料输送部(10)和/或用于焊接的能量源(13)以摆动的方式相对于基底(4)的表面(5)运动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其中进行再熔焊接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其中进行堆焊。
4.根据权利要求1或2中的一项或两项所述的方法，
其中所述能量源(13)以摆动的方式沿着竖直的方向(16)相对于所述表面(5)运动。
5.根据权利要求1、2或4中的一项或多项所述的方法，
其中所述能量源(13)以摆动的方式沿着水平的方向(16)相对于所述表面(5)运动。
6.根据权利要求1或3中的一项或两项所述的方法，
其中所述能量源(13)和所述材料输送部(10)以摆动的方式相对于所述基底(4)的表面(5)水平地运动。
7.根据权利要求1、3或6中的一项或多项所述的方法，
其中能量源(13)和材料输送部(10)沿着竖直方向进行摆动运动。
8.根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5、6或7中的一项或多项所述的方法，
其中使用激光辐射作为能量源(13)。
9.根据权利要求1、3、6、7或8中的一项或多项所述的方法，
其中使用粉末作为材料(8)，所述材料通过所述材料输送部(10)输送。
10.根据上述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的方法，
其中使用镍基的或钴基的超合金作为基底(4)。
11.根据权利要求1、3、6、7、8、9或10中的一项或多项所述的方法，
其中使用焊接喷嘴，所述焊接喷嘴具有所述材料输送部(10)、尤其粉末输送部，和能量(13)的产生装置和输送部，尤其激光辐射的产生装置和输送部。
12.根据上述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的方法，
其中摆动运动为直至2mm，尤其偏转在1mm和2mm之间。
13.根据上述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的方法，
其中焊接区域在至少一个定向中大于等于4mm。
14.根据上述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的方法，
其中并排地产生或堆积多个焊道。
CN201480066878.3A 2013-12-10 2014-10-13 摆动焊接法 Pending CN105813794A (zh)

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DE102013225490.3A DE102013225490A1 (de) 2013-12-10 2013-12-10 Oszillierendes Schweißverfahren
DE102013225490.3 2013-12-10
PCT/EP2014/071904 WO2015086194A1 (de) 2013-12-10 2014-10-13 Oszillierendes schweissverfahren

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US (1) US20160288263A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3046721A1 (zh)
KR (2) KR20160079879A (zh)
CN (2) CN105813794A (zh)
DE (1) DE102013225490A1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2638488C1 (zh)
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CN107511584A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2017-12-26 北京航星机器制造有限公司 一种马鞍形铝合金结构激光焊接工艺方法
CN110625219A (zh) * 2019-09-04 2019-12-31 上海工程技术大学 一种不同厚度的厚壁铝合金结构件的电弧增材制造工艺

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