CN110452956A - 一种pcr反应试剂的冻干微球及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种pcr反应试剂的冻干微球及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种PCR反应试剂的冻干微球,冻干微球成分包含酶反应液、脱氧核糖核酸三磷酸、引物、模板、生物缓冲液、葡聚糖、海藻糖、牛血清白蛋白、明胶、甘油、二甲基亚砜、表面活性剂、消泡剂、防腐剂等。本发明的目的是提供一种PCR反应试剂的冻干微球及其制备方法,以解决现有技术中,PCR试剂不能常温保存与运输的问题;解决PCR试剂不易封装和贮存,冻干粉试剂不易定量的问题。该冻干品包括PCR反应主要试剂,使用简便,有效避免了实验操作过程中引入的污染和减少反应组份添加的误差,并且节省时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,具体是一种PCR反应试剂的冻干微球及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚合酶链式反应 (Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)是利用DNA在体外高温(经常是95℃左右)时变性成单链,低温(经常是60°C左右)时引物与单链按碱基互补配对的原则结合,再调温度至DNA聚合酶最适反应温度(72°C左右),DNA聚合酶沿着磷酸到五碳糖(5'-3')的方向合成互补链。PCR是1985年由美国PE公司的Mullis发明,它具有特异、敏感、产率高、快速、简便、重复性好、易自动化等突出优点。
近年来,PCR试剂广泛应用在食品检测、病原体检测和癌基因诊断等方面。但PCR试剂在保存和运输条件上要求苛刻,一般需要保存在-20℃并且对溶液冻融次数有限制,普遍需要干冰运输。这些条件如果得不到满足,会对PCR试剂的性能造成很大的影响,甚至导致试剂失效。
目前,已有不少即时检测类产品投入中国市场。现有的PCR试剂不易封装和贮存,冻干粉试剂不易定量,均无法满足即时检测类产品的需求,而将PCR反应试剂冻干成微球即可解决此类问题。
冷冻干燥就是把含有大量水分物质,预先进行降温冻结成固体,然后在真空的条件下使固态水直接升华出来,而物质本身剩留在冻结时的冰架中,因此它干燥后体积不变,疏松多孔。在升华时要吸收热量,引起产品本身温度的下降而减慢升华速度,为了增加升华速度,缩短干燥时间,必须要对产品进行适当加热。整个干燥是在较低的温度下进行的,冷冻干燥在低温下进行,因此对于许多热敏性的物质特别适用。试剂冻干后,排除97%以上的水分,而蛋白质、微生物之类不会发生变性或失去生物活力,干燥后的产品能够常温保存而不致变质,因此冷冻干燥技术在医药上得到广泛地应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种PCR反应试剂的冻干微球及其制备方法,以解决现有技术中,PCR试剂不能常温保存与运输的问题。
为了达到上述目的,本发明所采用的的技术方案为:
所述的一种PCR反应试剂的冻干微球,其成分包括:PCR反应体系、冻干保护剂;
所述的一种PCR反应试剂的冻干微球,冻干保护剂包括:葡聚糖、海藻糖、牛血清白蛋白、明胶、甘油、二甲基亚砜、表面活性剂、消泡剂、防腐剂;
所述PCR反应体系包括:酶反应液、脱氧核糖核酸三磷酸、引物、模板、生物缓冲液;
所述表面活性剂包括:吐温20、吐温80、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)、乙基苯基聚乙二醇(NP-40)。
一种PCR反应试剂冻干微球的冻干保护剂组成为:
。
一种PCR反应试剂的冻干微球的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配制DNA扩增反应试剂;
(2)添加一定量的冻干保护剂,充分溶解;
(3)利用可精确定量的分液系统,将一定体积的液滴滴入液氮中,经液氮冷却后形成冷冻试剂微球;
(4)待微球成型,将微球转入冻干机中,冷冻干燥后制备得到PCR反应试剂冻干微球。
在本发明中,海藻糖是由特殊双糖分子构成的非还原糖,易溶于水,在水中的溶解度随温度变化较为明显;具有很高的玻璃化转变温度;内部氢键少,结构稳定,具有极强的耐热、耐酸性,是很多生物活性物质的稳定剂。海藻糖还有保护蛋白质结构稳定的作用,因为它富含羟基,可以在蛋白质周围形成类似水化膜的结构,使蛋白质的结构在失水条件下保持稳定。葡聚糖是指以葡萄糖为单糖组成的同型多糖,葡萄糖单元之间以糖苷键连接。葡聚糖具有提高生物制品混合溶液的玻璃化转变温度的作用,同时起着低温保护剂和脱水保护剂的作用。
相比现有技术,本发明的优越之处在于:
1、本发明所述的一种PCR反应试剂的冻干微球,可以在室温条件下稳定保存;
2、本发明的一种PCR反应试剂的冻干微球,大小形态均一,能够解决试剂在一定条件下的定量问题,而且取用更加方便,易于封装;
3、本发明的一种PCR反应试剂的冻干微球包含反应所需的反应试剂和缓冲液,使用简便,最大限度的简化了操作步骤。
附图说明
图1是实施案例1 制作完成后的PCR反应试剂冻干微球。
图2是实施案例1 显微镜下的冻干微球外观。
图3是实施案例1 利用冻干微球扩增1kb目的片段的结果图。
图4是实施案例2 利用冻干微球扩增5kb目的片段的结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施案例1。
一、含有冻干保护剂的PCR反应试剂的配制:
表1
。
补水至250μl体积,颠倒混匀,短暂离心,置于冰盒上待用。
二、PCR反应试剂的冻干。
1. 将液氮倒入已经灭好菌的器皿中,利用可精确定量的移液枪,将准备好的混合溶液以6μl体积滴入液氮中,凝结成圆形小球,等待10秒钟左右,小球沉入液氮底部,将小球捞起,转移至已事先干冰预冷过的西林瓶内。
2. 待试剂小球收集完毕,转入冻干机中,冻干程序如下:
表2
。
3. 经过冷冻干燥后,即得到PCR反应试剂冻干微球,冻干微球见图1。
三、在显微镜下观察冻干微球并测量其直径,其外观如图2所示;
表3
。
四、检测冻干微球对不同长度DNA片段的PCR效果:
以大肠杆菌基因组为模板,扩增1kb目的片段;
上下游引物序列为:
F-1K(5'-AGATTGAACGCTGGCGGCA-3');
R-1K(5'-TCTCACGGTTCCCGAAGGC-3')。
1. 配制模板、引物混合液;
。
2. 将制作完成的冻干微球放入上述混合液中,充分溶解,混匀备用。
3. 设置阳性对照体系,按下表配制,混匀备用;
。
4.将配制完成的样品和阳性对照放入基因扩增仪中,反应条件为98℃ 1min,30cycles(98℃ 10s,55℃ 30s,72℃ 1min)。
5.反应结束后,进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,5μl上样,结果见图3(图中Y为样品,P为阳性对照,M为5000bp的Marker)。
实施案例2。
一、含有冻干保护剂的PCR反应试剂的配制:
配制方法如实施案例1中表1所示。
二、PCR反应试剂的冻干。
1. 将液氮倒入已经灭好菌的器皿中,利用可精确定量的移液枪,将准备好的混合溶液以6μl体积滴入液氮中,凝结成圆形小球,等待10秒钟左右,小球沉入液氮底部,将小球捞起,转移至已事先干冰预冷过的西林瓶内。
2. 待试剂小球收集完毕,转入冻干机中进行真空冷冻干燥:
冻干程序如实施案例1中表2所示。
3. 经过冷冻干燥后,即得到PCR反应试剂冻干微球。
三、在显微镜下观察冻干微球并测量其直径:
表4
。
四、检测冻干微球对不同长度DNA片段的PCR效果:
以pET-30a质粒为模板,扩增5kb目的片段;
上下游引物序列为:
F-5K(5'- TCCCGCGAAATTAATACGAC-3');
R-5K(5'- TGGCGTTGCCACCTCCAGT-3')。
1.配制模板、引物混合液:
。
2.将制作完成的冻干微球放入上述混合液中,充分溶解,混匀备用。
3.设置阳性对照体系,按下表配制,混匀备用:
。
4.将配制完成的样品和阳性对照放入基因扩增仪中,反应条件为98℃5min,30cycles(98℃ 10s,55℃ 30s,72℃5min10s)。
5.反应结束后,进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,5μl上样,结果见图4(图中Y为样品,P为阳性对照,M为5000bp的Marker)。
Claims (7)
1.一种PCR反应试剂的冻干微球,其特征在于,包括:PCR反应体系、冻干保护剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冻干微球,其特征在于,所述冻干保护剂包括:葡聚糖、海藻糖、牛血清白蛋白、明胶、甘油、二甲基亚砜、表面活性剂、消泡剂、防腐剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的冻干微球,其特征在于,所述PCR反应体系包括酶反应液、脱氧核糖核酸三磷酸、引物、模板、生物缓冲液。
4.根据权利要求2,所述表面活性剂包括:吐温20、吐温80、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)、乙基苯基聚乙二醇(NP-40)。
5.根据权利要求2所述,该试剂冻干微球的冻干保护剂质量配比为:
。
6.根据权利要求3所述的冻干微球,其特征在于,所述缓冲液包括以下一种或者几种成分:Tris-HCl缓冲液、HEPES缓冲液、氯化钾、氯化镁、硫酸铵、氯化铵、硫酸镁、脱氧核糖核酸三磷酸。
7.一种PCR反应试剂的冻干微球的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配制DNA扩增反应试剂;
(2)添加一定量的冻干保护剂,充分溶解;
(3)利用可精确定量的分液系统,将一定体积的液滴滴入液氮中,经液氮冷却后形成冷冻试剂微球;
(4)待微球成型,将微球转入冻干机中,冷冻干燥后制备得到PCR反应试剂冻干微球。
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