CN110432430A - 一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110432430A CN110432430A CN201910836875.8A CN201910836875A CN110432430A CN 110432430 A CN110432430 A CN 110432430A CN 201910836875 A CN201910836875 A CN 201910836875A CN 110432430 A CN110432430 A CN 110432430A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Botany (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米,按重量份,包括如下重量份原料:大米粉40‑70份、燕麦粉10‑20份、薏仁粉5‑10份、山药粉5‑10份、葛根粉1‑5份、茯苓粉1‑5份、谷朊粉1‑5份、抗性糊精10‑20份、魔芋微粉0.1‑1份、功能性提取物1‑2份、碳酸钙0.1‑1份、单甘酯0.1‑1份、淀粉酶2‑4份、胶囊壁材1‑2份。本发明制备的产品具有很好的利水渗湿、健脾、补脾胃亏损等作用,同时,也能降低血糖生成速率,减少糖尿病发生的概率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米及其制备方法。
背景技术
夏季天气炎热,热伤气,脾胃之气相对不足。夏季酷暑难耐,人们常常有这种感觉,天气越热越不想吃饭,越乏困。这是暑热导致人体出汗过多,气随汗泄所致,即暑热伤到了人体的阳气与阴液,所以人会出现乏困、不想吃饭等脾胃功能受抑制的症状,脾胃的功能不能正常发挥作用,体内水湿的运化失常就会导致湿邪内生,而频繁的饮水也会加重水湿内停。
此外,大米是中国大多数人的主食,为满足人们的消费偏好以及片面追求大米的白度、口感,大米加工精度越来越高,碾削程度越来越强,我们知道,稻谷去壳后为糙米,糙米由胚乳、胚、糊粉层、果皮、种皮构成,精米为胚乳部分,90%以上为碳水化合物即淀粉,而稻谷中除碳水化合物以外的营养成分(如蛋白质、脂肪、纤维素、矿物质和维生素)大部分都集中在果皮、种皮、外胚乳、糊粉层和胚(即通常所说的糖层)中,在碾米过程中,随着皮层、糊粉层和胚芽的碾削,所含的营养成分也随之流失。但大米的GI值高,纤维含量低,我国的糖尿病患者众多,有轻有重,而对糖尿病患者来讲,较高的GI值的食品糖尿病患者是不能实用的或者少食用,这样会导致糖尿病患者不能正常实用大米。
所以,现在都会在食品中加入一些健脾祛湿的食材以调和身体代谢,达到健脾祛湿的效果,而燕麦、薏仁都具有健脾祛湿、清热排脓等作用,一些常用的食材也具有很好利水渗湿、健脾、补脾胃亏损等作用,例如,山药、葛根、茯苓等原料。
发明内容
本发明的目的正是为了解决上述问题,而提出的一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米及其制备方法,本产品具有很好的利水渗湿、健脾、补脾胃亏损等作用,同时,也能降低血糖生成速率,减少糖尿病发生的概率。
本发明提供了一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米,按重量份,包括如下重量份原料:大米粉40-70份、燕麦粉10-20份、薏仁粉5-10份、山药粉5-10份、葛根粉1-5份、茯苓粉1-5份、谷朊粉1-5份、抗性糊精10-20份、魔芋微粉0.1-1份、功能性提取物1-2份、碳酸钙0.1-1份、单甘酯0.1-1份、淀粉酶2-4份、胶囊壁材1-2份。
作为优选手段,所述功能性提取物包括葡萄糖甙酶抑制剂0.5-1份和茶多酚0.5-1份。
作为进一步地优选手段,所述胶囊壁材包括麦芽淀粉0.5-1份和B-环状糊精0.5-1份。
一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
1)原料预处理:将大米和薏仁进行清洗、烘干,然后粉碎成粒径在1-3mm的颗粒;将燕麦、山药、葛根、茯苓分别进行清洗、烘干、气流粉碎成100目左右的粉末;将鲜魔芋经过粉碎,然后用酒精湿法加工,烘干,使得颗粒粒径在120目以下的魔芋微粉;
2)酶解:将步骤1)中大米和薏仁粉碎的颗粒混合,加入到淀粉酶溶液内酶解15-20min,淀粉酶浓度0.1%-0.3%,过滤酶液,烘干酶解后的大米和薏仁颗粒,然后将烘干颗粒进行气流粉碎至100目左右,得大米薏仁混合粉;
3)微胶囊化:将葡萄糖甙酶抑制剂和茶多酚加入到水中,60-70℃温浴溶解、搅拌,然后将麦芽淀粉和B-环状糊精加入,均质搅拌,形成乳状溶液,最后喷雾干燥,形成粉末,即微胶囊化的功能性提取物;
4)原料混匀、调节水分
1、混匀:将燕麦粉、山药粉、葛根粉、茯苓粉、魔芋微粉、大米薏仁混合粉、微胶囊化的功能性提取物、谷朊粉、抗性糊精、碳酸钙、单甘酯加入搅拌锅内搅拌混匀,得混合原料;
2、调水分:将步骤4)的1中所述混合原料进行含水量测定,根据含水量测量结果,然后向混合原料内喷晒水,并不停搅拌,使得混合原料水分含量达到30%左右,停止喷水;
5)挤压成粒、干燥、抛光
挤压:将步骤4)的2中调水后的混合物料加入到双螺杆挤压机中进行挤压,形成米粒;
干燥:将形成的米粒经过流化床干燥,水分含量控制在13%左右;
抛光:将干燥后米粒放入到抛光机内,向抛光机内加入适量玉米胚芽油、香精、卡拉胶进行抛光处理,然后对抛光后米粒进行干燥形成成品米粒。
作为优选手段,所述双螺杆挤压机的混合原料的喂料量15-18kg/h,螺杆转速180-200rmp,温度设定:二区80-90℃、三区150-160℃、四区温度160-180℃、五区温度80-90℃、六区温度50-60℃。
大米:大米中含碳水化合物75%左右,蛋白质7%-8%,脂肪1.3%-1.8%,并含有丰富的B族维生素等。
燕麦:燕麦中脂肪含量在5%-9%,相当于大米、白面的4-5倍,居所有谷物类之首。燕麦脂肪80%为不饱和脂肪酸,主要是单不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸,其中亚油酸占脂肪含量的38.1%-52.0%,长期食用,可降低胆固醇在心血管中的积累,对于防止老年高血压、糖尿病、高血脂等大有裨益。而且燕麦具有防癌、治疗便秘等医疗作用。
薏仁:含碳水化合物52%-80%,蛋白质13%-17%,脂肪4%-7%,油以不饱和脂肪酸为主,其中亚麻油酸占34%,并有特殊的薏仁酯;具有利水消肿、健脾祛湿、清热排脓、抗炎镇痛、增强免疫力等功效。
山药:块茎富含淀粉,可供蔬食;入药能清热解毒、补脾胃亏损,治气虚衰弱、消化不良、遗精、遗尿及无名肿毒等。
葛根:有解肌退热,透疹,生津止渴,升阳止泻之功。常用于表征发热,项背强痛,麻疹不透,热病口渴,阴虚消渴,热泻热痢,脾虚泄泻。
茯苓:利水渗湿,健脾,宁心,用于水肿尿少,痰饮眩悸,脾虚食少,便溏泄泻,心神不安,惊悸失眠。
谷朊粉:谷朊粉又称活性面筋粉、小麦面筋蛋白,是从小麦(面粉)中提取出来的天然蛋白质,呈淡黄色,蛋白质含量高达75%-85%,含有人体必需的15种氨基酸,是一种营养丰富、物美价廉的植物蛋白源。
抗性糊精:由淀粉加工而成,是将焙烤糊精的难消化成分用工业技术提取处理并精炼而成的一种低热量葡聚糖,属于低分子水溶性膳食纤维。
本发明有益效果:1、燕麦中含有大量不饱和脂肪酸,而不饱和脂肪酸中的亚油酸长期食用能够防止老年高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、健脾祛湿等大有裨益,薏仁中亚麻油酸占不饱和油酸的34%,并有特殊的薏仁酯;具有利水消肿、健脾祛湿,而山药、葛根和茯苓都具有很好的利水渗湿、健脾、补脾胃亏损作用,本发明在大米中添加燕麦、薏仁并辅以山药、葛根和茯苓,使得人在吃完复合米后能够达到健脾祛湿、清热利尿的作用。2、大米、薏仁中碳水化合物含量高,而我国糖尿病患者众多,长期食用会引发糖尿病症,而大米、薏仁中碳水化合物主要为淀粉,本发明对大米、薏仁先进行粉碎成颗粒状,然后用淀粉酶进行酶解,酶解掉大部分碳水化合物,降低杂粮中碳水化合物含量,这样,当人们食用上述酶解掉淀粉的原料制成的杂粮米后,血糖升高速度明显会比没有酶解掉淀粉低,就会降低血糖升高速度,减少糖尿病发生概率。3、葡萄糖甙酶抑制剂和茶多酚具有很好的降血糖作用,而它们长期暴露在空气中易腐败氧化,本发明将它们进行微胶囊化处理,起到很好的保护作用,降低它们的氧化作用,降低其变质速度。4、本发明制备方法获得的复合大米,各组分均质性好,分布均匀,同时制备获得米粒易成型,碎粒、破粒等不良率小于1%,且该米在经过高温烹熟后,米粒完整,不破损、不发生糊状,米粒弹性佳,具有天然大米的特性,除此之外,本发明大米经多种谷物复合而成,其保持了大米的营养价值的同时,产品的GI值低,非常适合血糖高人群食用。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米产品图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述:
产品1
一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米,按重量份,包括如下重量份原料:大米粉40份、燕麦粉10份、薏仁粉5份、山药粉5份、葛根粉1份、茯苓粉1份、谷朊粉1份、抗性糊精10份、魔芋微粉0.1份、葡萄糖甙酶抑制剂0.5份、茶多酚0.5份、碳酸钙0.1份、单甘酯0.1份、淀粉酶2份、麦芽淀粉0.5份和B-环状糊精0.5份。
一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
1)原料预处理:将大米和薏仁进行清洗、烘干,然后粉碎成粒径在1mm的颗粒;将燕麦、山药、葛根、茯苓分别进行清洗、烘干、气流粉碎成100目左右的粉末;将鲜魔芋经过粉碎,然后用酒精湿法加工,烘干,使得颗粒粒径在120目以下的魔芋微粉;
2)酶解:将步骤1)中大米和薏仁粉碎的颗粒混合,加入到淀粉酶溶液内酶解15min,淀粉酶浓度0.1%,过滤酶液,烘干酶解后的大米和薏仁颗粒,然后将烘干颗粒进行气流粉碎至100目左右,得大米薏仁混合粉;
3)微胶囊化:将葡萄糖甙酶抑制剂和茶多酚加入都水中,60℃温浴溶解、搅拌,然后将麦芽淀粉和B-环状糊精加入,均质搅拌,形成乳状溶液,最后喷雾干燥,形成粉末,即微胶囊化的功能性提取物;
4)原料混匀、调节水分
1、混匀:将燕麦粉、山药粉、葛根粉、茯苓粉、魔芋微粉、大米薏仁混合粉、微胶囊化的功能性提取物、谷朊粉、抗性糊精、碳酸钙、单甘酯加入搅拌锅内搅拌混匀,得混合原料;
2、调水分:将步骤4)的1中所述混合原料进行含水量测定,根据含水量测量结果,然后向混合原料内喷晒水,并不停搅拌,使得混合原料水分含量达到30%左右,停止喷水;
5)挤压成粒、干燥、抛光
挤压:将步骤4)的2中调水后的混合物料加入到双螺杆挤压机中进行挤压,形成米粒,所述双螺杆挤压机的混合原料的喂料量15kg/h,螺杆转速180rmp,温度设定:二区80℃、三区150℃、四区温度160℃、五区温度80℃、六区温度50℃;
干燥:将形成的米粒经过流化床干燥,水分含量控制在13%左右;
抛光:将干燥后米粒放入到抛光机内,向抛光机内加入适量玉米胚芽油、香精、卡拉胶进行抛光处理,然后对抛光后米粒进行干燥形成成品米粒。
产品1检测报告如下:
产品2
一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米,按重量份,包括如下重量份原料:大米粉70份、燕麦粉20份、薏仁粉10份、山药粉10份、葛根粉5份、茯苓粉5份、谷朊粉5份、抗性糊精20份、魔芋微粉1份、葡萄糖甙酶抑制剂1份、茶多酚1份、碳酸钙1份、单甘酯1份、淀粉酶4份、麦芽淀粉1份和B-环状糊精1份。
一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米的制备方法与产品1方法相同,仅仅在一些工艺参数上不同。不同之处如下:1、酶解时间:20min,淀粉酶浓度0.3%;2、微胶囊化温浴温度70℃;3、双螺杆挤压机的条件:混合原料的喂料量18kg/h,螺杆转速200rmp,温度设定:二区90℃、三区160℃、四区温度180℃、五区温度90℃、六区温度60℃。
产品2检测报告如下:
产品3
一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米,按重量份,包括如下重量份原料:大米粉55份、燕麦粉15份、薏仁粉8份、山药粉8份、葛根粉3份、茯苓粉3份、谷朊粉3份、抗性糊精15份、魔芋微粉0.6份、葡萄糖甙酶抑制剂0.8份、茶多酚0.8份、碳酸钙0.8份、单甘酯0.6份、淀粉酶3份、麦芽淀粉0.8份和B-环状糊精0.8份。
一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米的制备方法与产品1方法相同,仅仅在一些工艺参数上不同。不同之处如下:1、酶解时间:17min,淀粉酶浓度0.2%;2、微胶囊化温浴温度65℃;3、双螺杆挤压机的条件:混合原料的喂料量15-18kg/h,螺杆转速190rmp,温度设定:二区85℃、三区155℃、四区温度170℃、五区温度85℃、六区温度55℃。
产品3检测报告如下:
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
本发明不限于以上对实施例的描述,本领域技术人员根据本发明揭示的内容,在本发明基础上不必经过创造性劳动所进行的改进和修改,都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米,其特征在于:按重量份,包括如下重量份原料:大米粉40-70份、燕麦粉10-20份、薏仁粉5-10份、山药粉5-10份、葛根粉1-5份、茯苓粉1-5份、谷朊粉1-5份、抗性糊精10-20份、魔芋微粉0.1-1份、功能性提取物1-2份、碳酸钙0.1-1份、单甘酯0.1-1份、淀粉酶2-4份、胶囊壁材1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米,其特征在于:所述功能性提取物包括葡萄糖甙酶抑制剂0.5-1份和茶多酚0.5-1份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米,其特征在于:所述胶囊壁材包括麦芽淀粉0.5-1份和B-环状糊精0.5-1份。
4.一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米的制备方法,其特征在于:具体步骤如下:
1)原料预处理:将大米和薏仁进行清洗、烘干,然后粉碎成粒径在1-3mm的颗粒;将燕麦、山药、葛根、茯苓分别进行清洗、烘干、气流粉碎成100目左右的粉末;将鲜魔芋经过粉碎,然后用酒精湿法加工,烘干,使得颗粒粒径在120目以下的魔芋微粉;
2)酶解:将步骤1)中大米和薏仁粉碎的颗粒混合,加入到淀粉酶溶液内酶解15-20min,淀粉酶浓度0.1%-0.3%,过滤酶液,烘干酶解后的大米和薏仁颗粒,然后将烘干颗粒进行气流粉碎至100目左右,得大米薏仁混合粉;
3)微胶囊化:将葡萄糖甙酶抑制剂和茶多酚加入到水中,60-70℃温浴溶解、搅拌,然后将麦芽淀粉和B-环状糊精加入,均质搅拌,形成乳状溶液,最后喷雾干燥,形成粉末,即微胶囊化的功能性提取物;
4)原料混匀、调节水分
1、混匀:将燕麦粉、山药粉、葛根粉、茯苓粉、魔芋微粉、大米薏仁混合粉、微胶囊化的功能性提取物、谷朊粉、抗性糊精、碳酸钙、单甘酯加入搅拌锅内搅拌混匀,得混合原料;
2、调水分:将步骤4)的1中所述混合原料进行含水量测定,根据含水量测量结果,然后向混合原料内喷晒水,并不停搅拌,使得混合原料水分含量达到30%左右,停止喷水;
5)挤压成粒、干燥、抛光
挤压:将步骤4)的2中调水后的混合原料加入到双螺杆挤压机中进行挤压,形成米粒;
干燥:将形成的米粒经过流化床干燥,水分含量控制在13%左右;
抛光:将干燥后米粒放入到抛光机内,向抛光机内加入适量玉米胚芽油、香精、卡拉胶进行抛光处理,然后对抛光后米粒进行干燥形成成品米粒。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种具有健脾祛湿和降血糖的杂粮高纤米,其特征在于:所述双螺杆挤压机的混合原料的喂料量15-18kg/h,螺杆转速180-200rmp,温度设定:二区80-90℃、三区150-160℃、四区温度160-180℃、五区温度80-90℃、六区温度50-60℃。
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