CN110228363A - 动力装置 - Google Patents
动力装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110228363A CN110228363A CN201910135328.7A CN201910135328A CN110228363A CN 110228363 A CN110228363 A CN 110228363A CN 201910135328 A CN201910135328 A CN 201910135328A CN 110228363 A CN110228363 A CN 110228363A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种不需要维护且能够抑制噪声的发生的动力装置。动力装置具备:电动机,其对车辆的左车轮及右车轮进行驱动;逆变器,其对电动机进行控制;变速器,其配置在电动机与左车轮及右车轮的动力传递路径上;差动装置,其将利用变速器减速的输出分配给左车轮和右车轮;外壳,其收纳电动机、变速器及差动装置;左车轴,其一端部与差动装置连接,且另一端部从外壳延伸而与左车轮连接;以及右车轴,其一端部与差动装置连接,且另一端部从外壳延伸而与右车轮连接。在差动装置与外壳之间设置有具有导电性的导电性旋转允许构件,且导电性旋转允许构件为轴承或油封。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种设置在电动车辆上的动力装置。
背景技术
在专利文献1中记载有如下动力装置,该动力装置具备:电动机,其对车辆的左车轮及右车轮进行驱动;变速器,其配置在该电动机与左车轮及右车轮的动力传递路径上;以及差动装置,其将利用该变速器变速的输出分配给左车轮和右车轮。在该种动力装置中,从对电动机进行控制的逆变器发生的噪声电流被传递到车轴上,且车轴成为天线而放射噪声(以下,还称为射频噪声。)。
作为该射频噪声对策,例如在专利文献2中记载有如下内容:对动力传递机构的轴要件配置滑动接触电刷,且设置于车体上。
在先技术文献
专利文献1:日本特开2002-104001号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2016-105693号公报
然而,在专利文献2所记载的射频噪声对策中,需要单独确保设置滑动接触电刷的空间,并且需要维护滑动接触电刷。
发明内容
本发明提供一种不需要维护且能够抑制噪声的发生的动力装置。
第一发明为一种动力装置,其具备:
电动机,其对车辆的左车轮及右车轮进行驱动;
电动机控制装置,其对该电动机进行控制;
变速器,其配置在该电动机与所述左车轮及所述右车轮的动力传递路径上;
差动装置,其将利用该变速器减速的输出分配给所述左车轮和所述右车轮;
外壳,其收纳所述电动机、所述变速器及所述差动装置;
左车轴,其一端部与所述差动装置连接,且另一端部从所述外壳延伸而与所述左车轮连接;以及
右车轴,其一端部与所述差动装置连接,且另一端部从所述外壳延伸而与所述右车轮连接,其中,
在所述左车轴及所述右车轴中的至少一方的车轴与所述外壳之间设置有具有导电性的导电性旋转允许构件,
所述导电性旋转允许构件为轴承或油封。
另外,第二发明为一种动力装置,其具备:
电动机,其对车辆的左车轮及右车轮进行驱动;
电动机控制装置,其对该电动机进行控制;
变速器,其配置在该电动机与所述左车轮及所述右车轮的动力传递路径上;
差动装置,其将利用该变速器减速的输出分配给所述左车轮和所述右车轮;
外壳,其收纳所述电动机、所述变速器及所述差动装置;
左车轴,其一端部与所述差动装置连接,另一端部从所述外壳延伸而与所述左车轮连接;以及
右车轴,其一端部与所述差动装置连接,另一端部从所述外壳延伸而与所述右车轮连接,其中,
在所述差动装置与所述外壳之间设置有具有导电性的导电性旋转允许构件,
所述导电性旋转允许构件为轴承或油封。
发明效果
根据第一发明,在外壳与车轴之间设置有具有导电性的导电性旋转允许构件,因此能够防止放射从电动机控制装置发生的噪声。另外,车轴通过变速器而使旋转减速,因此能够减小摩擦的影响。另外,导电性旋转允许构件为轴承或油封,因此能够避免作为射频噪声对策的部件的增加,且如滑动接触电刷那样不需要维护。
根据第二发明,在外壳与差动装置之间设置有具有导电性的导电性旋转允许构件,因此能够防止放射从电动机控制装置发生的噪声。另外,差动装置通过变速器而使旋转减速,因此能够减小摩擦的影响。另外,导电性旋转允许构件为轴承或油封,因此能够避免作为射频噪声对策的部件的增加,且如滑动接触电刷那样不需要维护。
附图说明
图1是表示搭载有本发明的动力装置的车辆的一部分的概略的概略图。
图2是本发明的一实施方式的动力装置的剖视图。
图3A是表示作为导电性旋转允许构件的轴承的一例的剖视图。
图3B是表示作为导电性旋转允许构件的轴承的另一例的剖视图。
图4是作为导电性旋转允许构件的油封周边的剖视图。
附图标记说明:
1 动力装置;
2 电动机;
3A 左车轴;
3B 右车轴;
4 外壳;
5 变速器;
6 差动装置;
26 轴承;
27、28、29 油封;
66 轴承;
70 导电性旋转允许构件;
81 外圈;
82 内圈;
83 滚珠;
84 导电性密封板;
INV 逆变器(电动机控制装置);
WL 左车轮;
WR 右车轮。
具体实施方式
首先,参照图1对搭载有本发明的动力装置1的车辆V进行说明。
车辆V将电动机2作为驱动源,且动力装置作为前轮驱动装置、后轮驱动装置而设置于混合动力车、电动机动车等电动车辆。如图1所示,在车辆V中搭载有电池B及动力装置1,且电池B与电动机2经由对电动机2进行控制的逆变器INV而被电连接,且电动机2与左车轮WL及右车轮WR经由变速器5及差动装置6而被机械连接。
[动力装置]
以下,根据图2对本发明所涉及的动力装置1的一实施方式进行说明。
图2中,符号3A、3B是分别与左右车轮WL、WR连结的左右车轴,且沿车宽度方向配置在同轴上。动力装置1的整个外壳4形成为大致圆筒状,在其内部配置有车辆驱动用电动机2、使电动机2的驱动旋转减速的变速器5、以及将利用变速器5减速的驱动旋转分配到左右车轴3A、3B上的差动装置6。
外壳4具备收纳电动机2的第一外壳41、以及收纳变速器5及差动装置6的第二外壳42。在第一外壳41与第二外壳42的分界部设置有隔壁43,且通过该隔壁43而分隔第一外壳41的内部空间与第二外壳42的内部空间。外壳4的底部可发挥储存润滑油的储存部44的功能,且润滑油被储存到由符号L表示的油面水平为止。
[电动机]
电动机2具备在第一外壳41的内周部固定的定子21、以及以能够旋转的方式配置在定子21的内周侧的转子22。在转子22的内周部上结合有围绕左车轴3A的外周的转子轴23,且该转子轴23以能够与左车轴3A在同轴上相对旋转的方式经由轴承24、25支承于第一外壳41的端部壁41a和隔壁43。另外,左车轴3A及转子轴23的一端侧贯通隔壁43而延伸到第二外壳42内,且左车轴3A的另一端侧贯通第一外壳41的端部壁41a而延伸到外壳4的外侧方。电动机2与在外壳4的外部设置的逆变器INV电连接。
[变速器]
变速器5具备:第一齿轮51,其与电动机2机械连接;第二齿轮52,其具有与该第一齿轮51相同的旋转轴心,且与差动装置6的差动装置外壳61机械连接;多个小齿轮53,其与第一齿轮51及第二齿轮52啮合;以及小齿轮支架54,其以能够自转且无法公转的方式支承多个小齿轮53,其中,若从第一齿轮51输入电动机2的驱动旋转,则经由小齿轮53及第二齿轮52被减速的驱动旋转被输出到差动装置6的差动装置外壳61。
第一齿轮51由外齿轮构成,且一体形成于转子轴23。小齿轮53具备由外齿轮构成的大径齿轮53a、由外齿轮构成的小径齿轮53b、以及以能够一体旋转的方式支承大径齿轮53a及小径齿轮53b的小齿轮轴53c。大径齿轮53a与小齿轮轴53c的电动机2侧结合,且与第一齿轮51啮合。小径齿轮53b一体形成于小齿轮轴53c的差动装置6侧,且与第二齿轮52啮合。小齿轮轴53c中,电动机2侧的端部经由轴承55而以能够旋转的方式支承于隔壁43,且差动装置6侧的端部经由轴承56而以能够旋转的方式支承于小齿轮支架54的小齿轮支承部54a。
本实施方式的变速器5例如具备三个小齿轮53,三个小齿轮53以第一齿轮51为中心沿周向以等间隔(120°间隔)配置。
第二齿轮52的齿轮部52a由内齿轮构成,且与小齿轮53的小径齿轮53b啮合。第二齿轮52具备从齿轮部52a跨过小齿轮支架54(小齿轮支承部54a)的外周侧而向差动装置6侧延伸的连接部52b,且该连接部52b经由花键等连接机构而与差动装置6的差动装置外壳61机械连接。
小齿轮支架54具备:三个小齿轮支承部54a,其经由轴承56而以能够旋转的方式支承小齿轮53的小齿轮轴53c;三个固定部54b,其固定在隔壁43;以及圆筒部54c,其形成于小齿轮支架54的中心部(小齿轮支承部54a及固定部54b的内径侧)。
小齿轮支承部54a配置在比第二齿轮52与小齿轮53的小径齿轮53b的啮合部M靠差动装置6的差动装置外壳61侧的位置,所述第二齿轮52与差动装置6的差动装置外壳61机械连接。由此,经由轴承56而用小齿轮支承部54a支承小齿轮轴53c的一端侧,所述小齿轮轴53c的另一端侧经由轴承55而被隔壁43支承,从而能够以两端支承的状态适当地支承小齿轮53。
三个固定部54b位于在周向上相邻的小齿轮支承部54a的中间部,且分别经由螺栓57而紧固于隔壁43。由此,隔壁43被兼用于小齿轮轴53c的支承构件与小齿轮支架54的支承构件。
圆筒部54c经由轴承65而以能够旋转的方式支承差动装置外壳61的一端侧。由此,小齿轮支架54被兼用于小齿轮53的支承构件与差动装置外壳61的支承构件。
[差动装置]
差动装置6将从第二齿轮52输入到差动装置外壳61的驱动旋转分配到左右车轴3A、3B,同时为了允许左右车轴3A、3B的旋转差,而具备差动装置外壳61、差动小齿轮轴62、差动小齿轮63及左右侧齿轮64A、64B。
差动装置外壳61具备:球状差动装置外壳主体61a,其收纳差动小齿轮轴62、差动小齿轮63及左右侧齿轮64A、64B;输入板61b,其从差动装置外壳主体61a的外周部向径向延伸而与第二齿轮52机械连接;以及左右延伸部61c、61d,其从差动装置外壳主体61a的两侧部向轴向延伸。一方的延伸部61c在内周部旋转自如地支承左车轴3A,并且外周部经由轴承65而以能够旋转地方式被小齿轮支架54支承。另外,另一方的延伸部61d在内周部旋转自如地支承右车轴3B,并且外周部经由轴承66而以能够旋转的方式被第二外壳42的端部壁42a支承。
差动小齿轮轴62朝向与车轴3A、3B正交的方向支承于差动装置外壳主体61a,且在差动装置外壳主体61a的内部以能够旋转的方式支承由伞齿轮构成的两个差动小齿轮63。即,差动小齿轮轴62根据差动装置外壳61的旋转而使差动小齿轮63公转,同时允许差动小齿轮63自转。
左右侧齿轮64A、64B由伞齿轮构成,以相对于差动小齿轮63从两侧方啮合的方式能够旋转地支承于差动装置外壳主体61a的内部,并且经由花键等连接机构而与左右车轴3A、3B机械连接。差动小齿轮63在不自转而公转的状态,例如在直线行驶时,左右侧齿轮64A、64B以等速旋转,其驱动旋转被传递到左右车轴3A、3B。另外,在曲线行驶时和右左转弯时,差动小齿轮63自转,从而左右侧齿轮64A、64B相对旋转,而允许左右车轴3A、3B的旋转差。
左车轴3A的一端部通过在第一外壳41的端部壁41a上设置的轴承26而旋转自如地被支承,左车轴3A的另一端部旋转自如地支承于差动装置外壳61的延伸部61c。另外,在左车轴3A与端部壁41a之间且在比轴承26更靠外侧的位置设置有油封27、28这两者,所述油封27、28对左车轴3A与端部壁41a之间的空间进行密封。在右车轴3B与端部壁42a之间也设置有油封29,所述油封29对右车轴3B与端部壁42a之间的空间进行密封。
在这样构成的动力装置1中,如上所述,从对电动机2进行控制的逆变器INV发生的噪声电流有时被传递到左右车轴3A、3B,左右车轴3A、3B成为天线而放射射频噪声。于是,在动力装置1上实施射频噪声对策。以下,对动力装置1的射频噪声对策进行说明。
[射频噪声对策]
如图2所示,在动力装置1中,在左车轴3A与外壳4之间及在差动装置6与外壳4之间设置有具有导电性的导电性旋转允许构件70。导电性旋转允许构件70允许使左右车轴3A、3B和差动装置6等旋转要件相对于外壳4旋转,同时使通过导电性而传递到这些旋转要件的噪声电流返回到外壳4,而抑制来自车轴3A、3B和差动装置6等的放射噪声。
在本实施方式中,导电性旋转允许构件70为轴承26及轴承66,所述轴承26相对于第一外壳41的端部壁41a而旋转自如地支承左车轴3A,所述轴承66相对于外壳4的端部壁42a而旋转自如地支承差动装置6的差动装置外壳61。
在第一外壳41的端部壁41a上设置的轴承26例如为密封型滚动轴承,如图3A所示,为深槽滚珠轴承,该深槽滚珠轴承具备外圈81、内圈82、在外圈81与内圈82之间进行滚动的多个滚珠83、以及一对密封板87,且导电性润滑油71被封入到由一对密封板87包围的轴承空间内。由此,噪声电流经由左车轴3A、内圈82、导电性润滑油71、外圈81而传递到外壳4,并且维持轴承26的润滑性能。需要说明的是,密封板87也可为图3B的导电性密封板84,在该情况下,润滑油不必为导电性。
在外壳4的端部壁42a上设置的轴承66例如为带有单侧密封的滚动轴承,如图3B所示,为深溝滚珠轴承,该深溝滚珠轴承具备外圈81、内圈82、在外圈81与内圈82之间进行滚动的多个滚珠83、以及仅在一侧(在本实施方式中为变速器5的相反的一侧)设置的导电性密封板84。导电性密封板84被弹性构件86覆盖,所述弹性构件86为芯铁85的外周由导电性橡胶构成的构件。由此,噪声电流经由差动装置6的差动装置外壳61、内圈82、导电性密封板84、外圈81而传递到外壳4。另外,轴承66仅在变速器5的相反的一侧上设置有导电性密封板84,因此向变速器5侧供给伴随第二齿轮52的旋转而溅起的储存部44的润滑油,从而维持轴承66的润滑性能。
需要说明的是,在上述实施方式中,作为导电性旋转允许构件70例示了轴承26及轴承66,但轴承65也可为导电性旋转允许构件70。而且,油封27、28、29也可为导电性旋转允许构件70。以下,以油封29为例对作为导电性旋转允许构件70的油封进行说明。
如图4所示,油封29由芯铁91、弹性构件92以及环状螺旋弹簧93构成,所述弹性构件92由被覆芯铁91且具备主唇92a及副唇92b的导电性橡胶构成,所述环状螺旋弹簧93装配到主唇92a的外周面,且主唇92a通过环状螺旋弹簧93而向径向紧固于右车轴3B。由此,噪声电流经由右车轴3B、油封29而传递到外壳4。
需要说明的是,本发明并不限定于上述实施方式,而能够适当进行变形、改良等。
动力装置1可代替溅起式润滑方式而采用强制润滑方式,或者可采用溅起式润滑方式和使用油泵的强制润滑方式。
在本说明书中至少记载了以下事项。需要说明的是,尽管在括号内示出了上述实施方式中的相应构成要件等,但并不限定于此。
(1)一种动力装置(动力装置1),其具备:
电动机(电动机2),其对车辆(车辆V)的左车轮(左车轮WL)及右车轮(右车轮WR)进行驱动;
电动机控制装置(逆变器INV),其对该电动机进行控制;
变速器(变速器5),其配置在该电动机与所述左车轮及所述右车轮的动力传递路径上;
差动装置(差动装置6),其将利用该变速器减速的输出分配给所述左车轮和所述右车轮;
外壳(外壳4),其收纳所述电动机、所述变速器及所述差动装置;
左车轴(左车轴3A),其一端部与所述差动装置连接,另一端部从所述外壳延伸而与所述左车轮连接;以及
右车轴(右车轴3B),其一端部与所述差动装置连接,另一端部从所述外壳延伸而与所述右车轮连接,其中,
在所述左车轴及所述右车轴中的至少一方的车轴与所述外壳之间设置有具有导电性的导电性旋转允许构件(导电性旋转允许构件70),
所述导电性旋转允许构件为轴承(轴承26)或油封(油封27、28、29)。
根据(1),在外壳与车轴之间设置有具有导电性的导电性旋转允许构件,因此能够防止放射从电动机控制装置发生的噪声。另外,车轴通过变速器而使旋转减速,因此能够减小摩擦的影响。另外,导电性旋转允许构件为轴承或油封,因此能够避免作为射频噪声对策的部件的增加,且如滑动接触电刷那样不需要维护。
(2)一种动力装置(动力装置1),其具备:
电动机(电动机2),其对车辆(车辆V)的左车轮(左车轮WL)及右车轮(右车轮WR)进行驱动;
电动机控制装置(逆变器INV),其对该电动机进行控制;
变速器(变速器5),其配置在该电动机与所述左车轮及所述右车轮的动力传递路径上;
差动装置(差动装置6),其将利用该变速器减速的输出分配给所述左车轮和所述右车轮;
外壳(外壳4),其收纳所述电动机、所述变速器及所述差动装置;
左车轴(左车轴3A),其一端部与所述差动装置连接,另一端部从所述外壳延伸而与所述左车轮连接;以及
右车轴(右车轴3B),其一端部与所述差动装置连接,另一端部从所述外壳延伸而与所述右车轮连接,其中,
在所述差动装置与所述外壳之间设置有具有导电性的导电性旋转允许构件,
所述导电性旋转允许构件为轴承(轴承66)或油封。
根据(2),在外壳与差动装置之间设置有具有导电性的导电性旋转允许构件,因此能够防止放射从电动机控制装置发生的噪声。另外,差动装置通过变速器而使旋转减速,因此能够减小摩擦的影响。另外,导电性旋转允许构件为轴承或油封,因此能够避免作为射频噪声对策的部件的增加,且如滑动接触电刷那样不需要维护。
(3)根据(1)或(2)所述的动力装置,其中,
所述导电性旋转允许构件为所述轴承,
所述轴承具备:外圈(外圈81);内圈(内圈82);多个滚珠(滚珠83),其在所述外圈与所述内圈之间滚动;以及密封板(导电性密封板84),其设置在所述外圈的轴向一侧,
所述密封板具有导电性,且设置于在轴向上与所述变速器相反的一侧。
根据(3),具有导电性的密封板设置于在轴向上与差动装置相反的一侧,因此不会阻碍从差动装置侧即外壳的内部侧供给到轴承的润滑油的流动,而能够维持轴承的润滑性。
Claims (3)
1.一种动力装置,其具备:
电动机,其对车辆的左车轮及右车轮进行驱动;
电动机控制装置,其对该电动机进行控制;
变速器,其配置在该电动机与所述左车轮及所述右车轮的动力传递路径上;
差动装置,其将利用该变速器减速的输出分配给所述左车轮和所述右车轮;
外壳,其收纳所述电动机、所述变速器及所述差动装置;
左车轴,其一端部与所述差动装置连接,且另一端部从所述外壳延伸而与所述左车轮连接;以及
右车轴,其一端部与所述差动装置连接,且另一端部从所述外壳延伸而与所述右车轮连接,其中,
在所述左车轴及所述右车轴中的至少一方的车轴与所述外壳之间设置有具有导电性的导电性旋转允许构件,
所述导电性旋转允许构件为轴承或油封。
2.一种动力装置,其具备:
电动机,其对车辆的左车轮及右车轮进行驱动;
电动机控制装置,其对该电动机进行控制;
变速器,其配置在该电动机与所述左车轮及所述右车轮的动力传递路径上;
差动装置,其将利用该变速器减速的输出分配给所述左车轮和所述右车轮;
外壳,其收纳所述电动机、所述变速器及所述差动装置;
左车轴,其一端部与所述差动装置连接,且另一端部从所述外壳延伸而与所述左车轮连接;以及
右车轴,其一端部与所述差动装置连接,且另一端部从所述外壳延伸而与所述右车轮连接,其中,
在所述差动装置与所述外壳之间设置有具有导电性的导电性旋转允许构件,
所述导电性旋转允许构件为轴承或油封。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力装置,其中,
所述导电性旋转允许构件为所述轴承,
所述轴承具备:外圈;内圈;多个滚珠,其在所述外圈与所述内圈之间滚动;以及密封板,其设置在所述外圈的轴向一侧,
所述密封板具有导电性,且设置于在轴向上与所述变速器相反的一侧。
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DE102022109970A1 (de) * | 2022-04-26 | 2023-10-26 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Getriebemotor für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Getriebemotor |
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