CN110204337A - 一种航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法及其碳化硼陶瓷材料 - Google Patents

一种航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法及其碳化硼陶瓷材料 Download PDF

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CN110204337A
CN110204337A CN201910482069.5A CN201910482069A CN110204337A CN 110204337 A CN110204337 A CN 110204337A CN 201910482069 A CN201910482069 A CN 201910482069A CN 110204337 A CN110204337 A CN 110204337A
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boron carbide
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李瑞迪
熊熠
袁铁锤
周志辉
张梅
牛朋达
谢思遥
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法及其碳化硼陶瓷材料,包括,制备碳化硼粗粉:将B2O3粉末原料中加入Al、Mg、Ti金属混合物,碳源为炭黑,混合后在惰性气氛中点火燃烧;将碳化硼粗粉进行高能球磨、酸洗、沉降分级,得到平均粒径为560~600nm的碳化硼细粉,进行热压烧结,得到毛坯碳化硼;将所述毛坯碳化硼进行精密加工。本发明通过热压烧结制备的碳化硼轴承,碳化硼轴承晶粒≦1.5μm,抗弯强度达到466.7MPa,致密度达到99.9%,具有极高的硬度、良好的耐腐蚀性能及优良的耐磨性能;热压碳化硼轴承坯体不产生裂纹,碳化硼的表面粗糙度达Ra0.1μm,碳化硼轴承用于航天陀螺仪气浮轴承。

Description

一种航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法及其碳化 硼陶瓷材料
技术领域
本发明属于碳化硼陶瓷材料技术领域,具体涉及一种航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法及其碳化硼陶瓷材料。
背景技术
碳化硼是一种性能优异的特种陶瓷,由于其具有极好的耐磨性、低密度、高硬度、高温强度好、耐腐蚀性强等优良性能,其典型应用为航天陀螺仪的气浮轴承。这是因为碳化硼质量轻、耐磨性好。航天技术的发展目标是推向深远的外太空,其重要瓶颈是目前普通碳化硼轴承密度低、精度低、力学性能低。提高碳化硼制品的强度和加工精度要求对其生产工艺提出了严重的挑战,目前生产碳化硼的最主要工业化生产方式是采用真空热压烧结炉烧结碳化硼制品,碳化硼真空热压制备在大型飞机等高强度轴承制造领域受到了高度重视。
当前碳化硼制品大多采用真空热压烧结的方式制备,主要存在以下问题:
(1)真空热压烧结毛坯碳化硼制品,主要靠高温烧结阶段提升产品的致密度,产品的抗弯强度通常不超过400Mpa;
(2)且相对密度低于97%,尽管提高高温烧结阶段的温度可以提高密度,但会导致晶粒长大,产品的力学性能会大幅下降;
(3)难以达到微米级别的加工精度。
如何使得毛坯碳化硼制品具有超高抗弯强度,同时具备高显微硬度、高的相对密度、高的加工精度成为了碳化硼轴承进一步发展的重要任务。
发明内容
本部分的目的在于概述本发明的实施例的一些方面以及简要介绍一些较佳实施例。在本部分以及本申请的说明书摘要和发明名称中可能会做些简化或省略以避免使本部分、说明书摘要和发明名称的目的模糊,而这种简化或省略不能用于限制本发明的范围。
鉴于上述的技术缺陷,提出了本发明。
因此,作为本发明其中一个方面,本发明克服现有技术中存在的不足,提供一种航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了如下技术方案:一种航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法,其包括,
制备碳化硼粗粉:将B2O3粉末原料中加入Al、Mg、Ti金属混合物,碳源为炭黑,混合后在惰性气氛中点火燃烧得到碳化硼粗粉;
将碳化硼粗粉进行高能球磨、酸洗、沉降分级,得到平均粒径为560~600nm的碳化硼细粉,进行热压烧结,得到毛坯碳化硼;
将所述毛坯碳化硼进行精密加工,首先采用电火花技术对碳化硼制品加工,之后采用超声波加工。
作为本发明所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法的一种优选方案:所述Al、Mg、Ti金属混合物,以摩尔比计,Mg:Al:Ti=18:1:1;所述惰性气氛,为氩气。
作为本发明所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法的一种优选方案:以摩尔比计,B2O3:(Mg、Al、Ti混合物):炭黑=2:6:1。
作为本发明所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法的一种优选方案:所述高能球磨,为采用球磨机球磨破碎,抽真空后冲入氮气,球磨速度为480~540r/min,时间为32~36h。
作为本发明所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法的一种优选方案:所述酸洗,采用浓盐酸和浓硝酸按体积比4:1比例的混合溶液进行酸洗,酸洗时间4.5h。
作为本发明所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法的一种优选方案:所述沉降分级,为以聚乙二醇作为分散剂沉降72h。
作为本发明所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法的一种优选方案:所述热压烧结,为给定初始压力15Mpa,升温速率为8℃/min,到达1800℃后,以3℃/min的升温速率至1920℃,90min保温并同时压力缓慢上升至40Mpa,空气冷却至室温,制得毛坯碳化硼。
作为本发明所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法的一种优选方案:所述毛坯碳化硼进行精密加工,为电火花加工与超声波加工混合加工;所述电火花加工电极材料采用钨铁镍合金,峰值电流3.0A、脉冲宽度0.3μs、脉冲间隔16μs,加工1h;所述超声波加工采用硬质合金加工工具头,超声功率为500W,加工0.5h。
作为本发明的另一个方面,本发明克服现有技术中存在的不足,提供所述的方法制得的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料,其中:所述碳化硼陶瓷材料,其抗弯强度达到466.7Mpa,相对密度达到99.9%。表面粗糙度达到Ra0.1μm。
本发明的有益效果:本发明通过加入Al、Mg、Ti金属混合物,燃烧制备碳化硼粗粉,显著提高了碳化硼得率,碳化硼粗粉得率达到57%。本发明通过热压烧结制备的碳化硼轴承,碳化硼轴承晶粒≦1.5μm,抗弯强度达到466.7MPa,致密度达到99.9%,具有极高的硬度、良好的耐腐蚀性能及优良的耐磨性能;热压碳化硼轴承坯体不产生裂纹,其晶粒尺寸远小于传统碳化硼、致密度和力学性高于传统碳化硼。本发研究发现,碳化硼细粉的粒径显著影响制得的毛坯碳化硼陶瓷材料的性能,碳化硼细粉平均粒径为560nm时,制得的毛坯碳化硼陶瓷材料的性能最优,过大或过小的粒径均导致材料性能显著下降;同时,毛坯碳化硼轴承通过先电火花加工处理后超声精密加工的复合处理后,其坯体表面平整度、光滑度大大提高,碳化硼的表面粗糙度可达到Ra0.1μm,该碳化硼轴承用于航天陀螺仪气浮轴承。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。其中:
图1为实施例1沉降分级制备的碳化硼粉末图;
图2为实施例1热压烧结制备的碳化硼轴承显微组织图;
图3为实施例1热压烧结碳化硼毛坯件图;
图4为实施例1精密加工后碳化硼轴承图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合具体实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
其次,此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例,也不是单独的或选择性的与其他实施例互相排斥的实施例。
实施例1:
B2O3粉末原料中加入Al、Mg、Ti金属混合物,碳源为炭黑,以摩尔比计,B2O3:(Mg、Al、Ti混合物):炭黑=2:6:1,其中,以摩尔比计,Mg:Al:Ti=18:1:1,上述原料混合后在Ar气氛中点火燃烧得到碳化硼粗粉,所得碳化硼粗粉的得率为57%,纯度大于99%。
碳化硼粗粉进行高能球磨,具体参数为:采用球磨机球磨破碎,抽真空后冲入氮气,球磨速度为540r/min,时间为36h,进行酸洗,采用浓盐酸和浓硝酸按体积比4:1比例的混合溶液进行酸洗,酸洗时间4.5h,之后进行沉降分级,以聚乙二醇作为分散剂沉降72h得到平均粒径为560nm的碳化硼细粉,烘干,制得的B4C相含量为97.86wt%,氧含量为0.69wt%。
将碳化硼细粉于真空环境下,进行热压烧结处理,给定初始压力15Mpa,升温速率为8℃/min,到达1800℃后,以3℃/min的升温速率至1920℃,90min保温并同时压力缓慢上升至40Mpa,空气冷却至室温,制得毛坯碳化硼。
将上述碳化硼制品进行精密加工。首先以钨铁镍合金棒作为加工电极,采用电火花技术对碳化硼制品加工,具体加工参数为:电火花加工电极材料采用钨铁镍合金,峰值电流3.0A、脉冲宽度0.3μs、脉冲间隔16μs,加工时间为1h,之后采用超声波加工,所述超声波加工采用硬质合金加工工具头,在悬浮液中添加极细粒度的金刚石磨料(粒度约为5um),超声功率为500W,时间为0.5h,在悬浮液中加入粒度约为5um的金刚石磨粒,同时采用硬质合金加工工具头加工。
得到的碳化硼制品的抗弯强度为466.7Mpa,相对密度为99.9%。表面粗糙度为Ra0.1μm。
实施例2:
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于,球磨采用240r/min的转速球磨36h,通过沉降分级制备平均粒径为873nm的碳化硼细粉,其余条件与实施例1相同。
碳化硼制品的抗弯强度为380.8Mpa,相对密度为99.2%,表面粗糙度为Ra0.64μm。
实施例3:
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于,通过沉降分级制备平均粒径为250nm的碳化硼细粉,其余条件与实施例1相同。
碳化硼制品的抗弯强度为390.2Mpa,相对密度为99.4%,表面粗糙度为Ra0.43μm。
实施例4:
B2O3粉末原料中加入Al、Mg、Ti金属混合物,碳源为炭黑,以摩尔比计,B2O3:Mg:炭黑=2:6:1,上述原料混合后在Ar气氛中点火燃烧得到碳化硼粗粉,所得碳化硼粗粉的得率为40%。
实施例5:
B2O3粉末原料中加入Al、Mg金属混合物,碳源为炭黑,以摩尔比计,B2O3:(Mg、Al混合物):炭黑=2:6:1,其中,以摩尔比计,Mg:Al=18:2,上述原料混合后在Ar气氛中点火燃烧得到碳化硼粗粉,所得碳化硼粗粉的得率约为45%。
实施例6:
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于,将碳化硼细粉于真空环境下,进行热压烧结处理,给定初始压力8Mpa,升温速率为10℃/min,到达1750℃后,以4℃/min的升温速率至1920℃,60min保温处理并同时压力缓慢上升至28Mpa。空冷至室温,制得毛坯碳化硼。
制得的碳化硼制品的抗弯强度为360.6Mpa,相对密度为98.2%,表面粗糙度为Ra0.26μm。
实施例7:
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于,仅用电火花技术对碳化硼制品加工,不采用超声波加工。
制得的碳化硼制品的抗弯强度为429.2Mpa,相对密度为99.7%,表面粗糙度为Ra0.37μm。
实施例8:
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于,仅采用超声波加工,不采用电火花技术对碳化硼制品加工。
制得的碳化硼制品的抗弯强度为438.9Mpa,相对密度为99.7%,表面粗糙度为Ra0.29μm。
本发明通过加入Al、Mg、Ti金属混合物,燃烧制备碳化硼粗粉,显著提高了碳化硼得率,碳化硼粗粉得率达到57%。本发明通过热压烧结制备的碳化硼轴承,碳化硼轴承晶粒≦1.5μm,抗弯强度达到466.7MPa,致密度达到99.9%,具有极高的硬度、良好的耐腐蚀性能及优良的耐磨性能;热压碳化硼轴承坯体不产生裂纹,其晶粒尺寸远小于传统碳化硼、致密度和力学性高于传统碳化硼。本发研究发现,碳化硼细粉的粒径显著影响制得的毛坯碳化硼陶瓷材料的性能,碳化硼细粉平均粒径为560nm时,制得的毛坯碳化硼陶瓷材料的性能最优,过大或过小的粒径均导致材料性能显著下降;同时,毛坯碳化硼轴承通过先电火花加工处理后超声精密加工的复合处理后,其坯体表面平整度、光滑度大大提高,碳化硼的表面粗糙度可达到Ra0.1μm,该碳化硼轴承用于航天陀螺仪气浮轴承。
应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (9)

1.一种航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括,
制备碳化硼粗粉:将B2O3粉末原料中加入Al、Mg、Ti金属混合物,碳源为炭黑,混合后在惰性气氛中点火燃烧得到碳化硼粗粉;
将碳化硼粗粉进行高能球磨、酸洗、沉降分级,得到平均粒径为560~600nm的碳化硼细粉,进行热压烧结,得到毛坯碳化硼;
将所述毛坯碳化硼进行精密加工,首先采用电火花技术对碳化硼制品加工,之后采用超声波加工。
2.如权利要求1所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述Al、Mg、Ti金属混合物,以摩尔比计,Mg:Al:Ti=18:1:1;所述惰性气氛,为氩气。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:以摩尔比计,B2O3:(Mg、Al、Ti混合物):炭黑=2:6:1。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述高能球磨,为采用球磨机球磨破碎,抽真空后冲入氮气,球磨速度为480~540r/min,时间为32~36h。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述酸洗,采用浓盐酸和浓硝酸按体积比4:1比例的混合溶液进行酸洗,酸洗时间4.5h。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述沉降分级,为以聚乙二醇作为分散剂沉降72h。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述热压烧结,为给定初始压力15Mpa,升温速率为8℃/min,到达1800℃后,以3℃/min的升温速率至1920℃,90min保温并同时压力缓慢上升至40Mpa,空气冷却至室温,制得毛坯碳化硼。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述毛坯碳化硼进行精密加工,为电火花加工与超声波加工混合加工;所述电火花加工电极材料采用钨铁镍合金,峰值电流3.0A、脉冲宽度0.3μs、脉冲间隔16μs,加工1h;所述超声波加工采用硬质合金加工工具头,超声功率为500W,加工0.5h。
9.权利要求1~8任一项所述的方法制得的航天陀螺仪轴承用碳化硼陶瓷材料,其特征在于:所述碳化硼陶瓷材料,其抗弯强度达到466.7Mpa,相对密度达到99.9%。表面粗糙度达到Ra0.1μm。
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