CN111943679A - 一种富硼碳化硼材料的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种富硼碳化硼材料的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种富硼碳化硼材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将碳化硼微粉加入到含有表面活性剂的乙二醇溶液中,加入膨胀石墨球磨;真空干燥后,置于马弗炉中真空加热,得到的石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉混合,压块,在氩气中采用电热钨丝点燃,反应后真空冷却至室温,采用浓盐酸浸泡3‑5h,离心洗涤,得到B13C2负载的B4C颗粒,真空加热,通入惰性气体冷却至室温,得到富硼碳化硼材料。该材料具有较高的致密度和弯曲强度,有利于其在防弹衣材料中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料领域,特别涉及一种富硼碳化硼材料。
背景技术
碳化硼具有熔点高、硬度高(仅次于金刚石和氮化硼)、弹性模量高、密度小、热稳定性好、热中子吸收横截面高等优点,是一种性能优良的特种陶瓷硬质材料。碳化硼具有许多独特的性质,是很多工程应用领域中的重要候选材料,并在耐火材料、研磨介质、耐磨涂层、反应堆控制棒和屏蔽棒、轻质盔甲、防弹材料等诸多领域都得到了广泛应用。由于碳化硼硬度高,其对于动能弹和弹药碎片的防御能力很强,而且碳化硼质量较轻,是制备防弹衣、防护装甲的理想材料,并得到了广泛的关注。然而,B4C的烧结机制为体扩散和晶界扩散,晶界移动阻力较大,难以烧结致密,影响了其在防弹领域的应用。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种富硼碳化硼材料的制备方法,在B4C颗粒表面负载石墨烯,通过石墨烯与硼源反应在B4C颗粒间生成B13C2,从而使碳化硼材料致密化,提高材料密度和弯曲强度。
一种富硼碳化硼材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将碳化硼微粉加入到含有表面活性剂的乙二醇溶液中,超声分散均匀,加入膨胀石墨,进行球磨;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的球磨产物真空干燥后,置于马弗炉中真空加热,得到石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉混合,压块,在氩气中采用电热钨丝点燃,反应后真空冷却至室温,采用浓盐酸浸泡3-5h,离心洗涤,得到B13C2负载的B4C颗粒;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的B13C2负载的B4C颗粒真空加热,通入惰性气体冷却至室温,得到富硼碳化硼材料。
步骤(1)中,所述表面活性剂为硬脂酸钠、柠檬酸钠或其组合,表面活性剂质量为碳化硼微粉质量的0.3-1%。
步骤(1)中,球磨转速为350-450r/min,球磨时间为1-2h,碳化硼微粉和膨胀石墨的质量比为1∶0.07-0.15。
步骤(2)中,真空加热温度为900-1000℃,升温速率每分钟2-7℃/min,保温时间为3-6h,得到石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒。
步骤(3)中,石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉的质量比为1∶0.07-0.18∶0.1-0.2。
步骤(4)中,真空加热温度为1800-2100℃,加热时间为4-7h。
所述富硼碳化硼材料在防弹衣材料中的应用。
有益效果
石墨吸附性较强,通过表面活性剂降低B4C颗粒的比表面能,从而避免B4C颗粒外层形成完整的包覆层,使膨胀石墨分散结合在B4C颗粒的表面,并在球磨过程中发生剥离,形成多层石墨烯。结合有石墨烯的部分形成高活性的反应位点与硼酐反应生成B4C,并且由于石墨烯的分散负载,反应生成的B13C2分散在B4C颗粒表面并钉扎于晶界,表面扩散得到抑制,晶粒难以长大,促进了颗粒间的晶界扩散,使材料致密化程度提高,进而导致弯曲强度提高,有利于其在防弹衣材料中的应用。
具体实施方式
采用排水法测定复合材料的密度;
采用三点弯曲实验评价试样的弯曲强度。
碳化硼微粉的平均粒径为20微米,膨胀石墨尺寸小于10μm。
实施例1
(1)将碳化硼微粉加入到含有表面活性剂柠檬酸钠的乙二醇溶液中,表面活性剂质量为碳化硼微粉质量的0.3%,超声分散均匀,加入尺寸小于8微米的膨胀石墨,进行球磨,球磨转速为350r/min,球磨时间为2h,碳化硼微粉和膨胀石墨的质量比为1∶0.07;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的球磨产物真空干燥后,置于马弗炉中真空加热,真空加热温度为1000℃,升温速率每分钟7℃/min,保温时间为3h,得到石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉混合,石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉的质量比为1∶0.18∶0.2,压块,在氩气中采用电热钨丝点燃,反应后真空冷却至室温,采用浓盐酸浸泡5h,离心洗涤,得到B13C2负载的B4C颗粒;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的B13C2负载的B4C颗粒真空加热,真空加热温度为2100℃,加热时间为4h,通入惰性气体冷却至室温,得到富硼碳化硼材料。经测试,该材料密度2.69g/cm3,弯曲强度465MPa。
实施例2
(1)将碳化硼微粉加入到含有表面活性剂硬脂酸钠的乙二醇溶液中,表面活性剂质量为碳化硼微粉质量的1%,超声分散均匀,加入尺寸小于8微米的膨胀石墨,进行球磨,球磨转速为450r/min,球磨时间为1h,碳化硼微粉和膨胀石墨的质量比为1∶0.15;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的球磨产物真空干燥后,置于马弗炉中真空加热,真空加热温度为900℃,升温速率每分钟2℃/min,保温时间为6h,得到石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉混合,石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉的质量比为1∶0.07∶0.1,压块,在氩气中采用电热钨丝点燃,反应后真空冷却至室温,采用浓盐酸浸泡3h,离心洗涤,得到B13C2负载的B4C颗粒;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的B13C2负载的B4C颗粒真空加热,真空加热温度为1800℃,加热时间为7h,通入惰性气体冷却至室温,得到富硼碳化硼材料。经测试,该材料密度2.65/cm3,弯曲强度464MPa。
实施例3
(1)将碳化硼微粉加入到含有表面活性剂柠檬酸钠的乙二醇溶液中,表面活性剂质量为碳化硼微粉质量的0.3%,超声分散均匀,加入尺寸小于8微米的膨胀石墨,进行球磨,球磨转速为350r/min,球磨时间为3h,碳化硼微粉和膨胀石墨的质量比为1∶0.07;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的球磨产物真空干燥后,置于马弗炉中真空加热,真空加热温度为1000℃,升温速率每分钟7℃/min,保温时间为3h,得到石墨密集负载的B4C颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的石墨密集负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉混合,石墨负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉的质量比为1∶0.18∶0.2,压块,在氩气中采用电热钨丝点燃,反应后真空冷却至室温,采用浓盐酸浸泡5h,离心洗涤;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的产物真空加热,真空加热温度为2100℃,加热时间为4h,通入惰性气体冷却至室温,得到碳化硼材料。经测试,该材料密度2.36g/cm3,弯曲强度358MPa。
实施例4
(1)将碳化硼微粉加入到含有表面活性剂柠檬酸钠的乙二醇溶液中,表面活性剂质量为碳化硼微粉质量的0.3%,超声分散均匀,加入尺寸小于8微米的膨胀石墨,进行球磨,球磨转速为500r/min,球磨时间为1h,碳化硼微粉和膨胀石墨的质量比为1∶0.07;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的球磨产物真空干燥后,置于马弗炉中真空加热,真空加热温度为1000℃,升温速率每分钟7℃/min,保温时间为3h,得到石墨烯密集负载的B4C颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的石墨烯密集负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉混合,石墨烯密集负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉的质量比为1∶0.18∶0.2,压块,在氩气中采用电热钨丝点燃,反应后真空冷却至室温,采用浓盐酸浸泡5h,离心洗涤,得到B13C2负载的B4C颗粒;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的B13C2负载的B4C颗粒真空加热,真空加热温度为2100℃,加热时间为4h,通入惰性气体冷却至室温,得到富硼碳化硼材料。经测试,该材料密度2.57g/cm3,弯曲强度389MPa。
实施例5
(1)将碳化硼微粉加入到含有表面活性剂柠檬酸钠的乙二醇溶液中,表面活性剂质量为碳化硼微粉质量的0.1%,超声分散均匀,加入尺寸小于8微米的膨胀石墨,进行球磨,球磨转速为350r/min,球磨时间为2h,碳化硼微粉和膨胀石墨的质量比为1∶0.07;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的球磨产物真空干燥后,置于马弗炉中真空加热,真空加热温度为1000℃,升温速率每分钟7℃/min,保温时间为3h,得到石墨烯包覆的B4C颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的石墨烯包覆的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉混合,石墨烯包覆的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉的质量比为1∶0.18∶0.2,压块,在氩气中采用电热钨丝点燃,反应后真空冷却至室温,采用浓盐酸浸泡5h,离心洗涤,得到B13C2负载的B4C颗粒;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的B13C2负载的B4C颗粒真空加热,真空加热温度为2100℃,加热时间为4h,通入惰性气体冷却至室温,得到富硼碳化硼材料。经测试,该材料密度2.57g/cm3,弯曲强度390MPa。
实施例6
(1)将碳化硼微粉加入到含有表面活性剂柠檬酸钠的乙二醇溶液中,表面活性剂质量为碳化硼微粉质量的1.2%,超声分散均匀,加入尺寸小于8微米的膨胀石墨,进行球磨,球磨转速为350r/min,球磨时间为2h,碳化硼微粉和膨胀石墨的质量比为1∶0.07;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的球磨产物真空干燥后,置于马弗炉中真空加热,真空加热温度为1000℃,升温速率每分钟7℃/min,保温时间为3h,得到石墨烯密集负载的B4C颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的石墨烯密集负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉混合,石墨烯密集负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉的质量比为1∶0.18∶0.2,压块,在氩气中采用电热钨丝点燃,反应后真空冷却至室温,采用浓盐酸浸泡5h,离心洗涤,得到B13C2负载的B4C颗粒;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的B13C2负载的B4C颗粒真空加热,真空加热温度为2100℃,加热时间为4h,通入惰性气体冷却至室温,得到富硼碳化硼材料。经测试,该材料密度2.47g/cm3,弯曲强度382MPa。
实施例7
(1)将石墨烯与硼酐、镁粉混合,石墨烯与硼酐、镁粉的质量比为0.07∶0.18∶0.2,压块,在氩气中采用电热钨丝点燃,反应后真空冷却至室温,采用浓盐酸浸泡5h,离心洗涤,得到B13C2颗粒;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的B13C2颗粒和B4C颗粒按照质量比1∶0.07混合,球磨,球磨转速为350r/min,球磨时间为2h,真空加热,真空加热温度为2100℃,加热时间为4h,通入惰性气体冷却至室温,得到富硼碳化硼材料。经测试,该材料密度2.40g/cm3,弯曲强度372MPa。
Claims (7)
1.一种富硼碳化硼材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)将碳化硼微粉加入到含有表面活性剂的乙二醇溶液中,超声分散均匀,加入膨胀石墨,进行球磨;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的球磨产物真空干燥后,置于马弗炉中真空加热,得到石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉混合,压块,在氩气中采用电热钨丝点燃,反应后真空冷却至室温,采用浓盐酸浸泡3-5h,离心洗涤,得到B13C2负载的B4C颗粒;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的B13C2负载的B4C颗粒真空加热,通入惰性气体冷却至室温,得到富硼碳化硼材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述表面活性剂为硬脂酸钠、柠檬酸钠或其组合,表面活性剂质量为碳化硼微粉质量的0.3-1%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,球磨转速为350-450r/min,球磨时间为1-2h,碳化硼微粉和膨胀石墨的质量比为1∶0.07-0.15。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,真空加热温度为900-1000℃,升温速率每分钟2-7℃/min,保温时间为3-6h,得到石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,石墨烯负载的B4C颗粒与硼酐、镁粉的质量比为1∶0.07-0.18∶0.1-0.2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,真空加热温度为1800-2100℃,加热时间为4-7h。
7.根据权利要求1-6所述的方法制备得到的富硼碳化硼材料在防弹衣材料中的应用。
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