CN117486613A - 一种碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
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- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,属于复合陶瓷技术领域,制备方法包括准备原料,混合,造粒,压制,烘干排胶,硅板压制,烧结,喷砂处理,检测;所述准备原料,称取20‑50重量份碳化硼、20‑70重量份金刚石微粉、3‑6重量份碳粉、10‑20重量份酚醛树脂、10‑30重量份甘油;所述碳化硼的粒径为10‑90μm;所述金刚石微粉的粒径为60‑150μm;所述硅板压制,取硅粉与酚醛树脂混合后压制成硅板,控制硅板的重量是坯体重量的2.1‑2.3倍,硅板的形状与坯体的渗硅面形状相同;本发明制备的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的硬度高,韧性好,密度低,抗冲击性强,烧结时不易变形。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合陶瓷技术领域,具体涉及一种碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法。
背景技术
枪、炮、导弹是矛,防弹装甲是盾,在反暴力的斗争中和现代大规模战争中,防弹装甲可以减小伤亡,提高战斗力,增加胜利因素,因而研究和开发防弹装甲用防弹材料是十分必要的。
防弹材料的发展趋势是强韧化、轻量化、多功能和高效率,陶瓷材料作为防弹材料中重要的一支,具有高硬度、高耐磨性、高压缩强度的优点,而且能够在高应力下保持优良的弹道性能,目前常用的防弹陶瓷材料主要包括氧化铝、碳化硼和碳化硅。
氧化铝陶瓷为离子键化合物,化学键力强,熔点高,具有良好的抗氧化性和化学惰性,烧结制品具有表面光洁、尺寸稳定、价格低廉的优点,故广泛应用于各类装甲车辆和军警防弹服等,但是氧化铝的密度高,硬度和断裂韧性低,使其防弹性能相对来说较低;碳化硼是强共价键化合物,具有高的熔点和超常的硬度,还具有近于恒定的高温硬度以及良好的力学性能,此外,密度小,弹性模量高,抗冲击性强,使其成为军事装甲和空间领域材料方面的良好选择,但是韧性差,限制了其作为单相防护装甲的广泛应用;碳化硅的共价键极强,在高温下仍具有高强度的键合,这种结构特点赋予了碳化硅陶瓷优异的强度和抗冲击性、高硬度、耐磨损、耐腐蚀、高热导率、良好的抗热震性等性能,但是韧性差,烧结温度高。
为了提高防弹陶瓷的综合性能,目前常用的方法为将陶瓷与其他材料进行复合,制成复合防弹陶瓷,对于碳化硼,最常用的方法为加入碳源,碳源包括金刚石、炭黑、有机碳等,其中,金刚石对碳化硼的硬度、韧性的改善效果最好,且对碳化硼的密度影响小,但是经试验发现,在将金刚石粉加入碳化硼中后,会导致在烧结时尺寸变化大。
为了解决上述问题,目前最常用的方法为在烧结时使用硅粉进行渗硅处理,渗硅处理中,硅与金刚石发生反应生成碳化硅,既解决了膨胀系数过大的问题,又能够将碳化硼与碳化硅进行复合,但是只能用于与硅粉的接触面为水平面的情况,对于与硅粉的接触面为非水平面,即复杂形状的复合防弹陶瓷,在渗硅处理时,硅粉不易固定,会导致渗硅不均匀和渗硅效率下降,从而导致了抗冲击性弱;如果使用硅板进行渗硅,则渗硅速度慢,导致烧结时间过长,也会导致在烧结时尺寸变化大。
中国专利CN115010496B公开了一种性能可控的B4C-金刚石复合材料的制备方法,步骤为:按质量比,碳化硼粉体:金刚石:酚醛树脂=0.8:(0.1-0.2):(0-0.1),将三者湿混获得混合物料,烘干后研磨过筛,模压成型后,干燥碳化获得B4C-金刚石-C素坯;将B4C-金刚石-C素坯置于石墨坩埚中,上方铺单质硅粒,真空环境下升温至1450-1650℃,保温进行低温熔渗或高温熔渗,随炉冷却后制得高硬高耐磨B4C-金刚石复合材料(低温熔渗),或高抗弯强度B4C-金刚石复合材料(高温熔渗);但是上述制备方法制备的高硬高耐磨B4C-金刚石复合材料的硬度仍然较低,且防弹性能差。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明提供了一种碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,制备的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的硬度高,韧性好,密度低,抗冲击性强,烧结时不易变形。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:准备原料,混合,造粒,压制,烘干排胶,硅板压制,烧结,喷砂处理,检测;
所述准备原料,分别称取20-50重量份碳化硼、20-70重量份金刚石微粉、3-6重量份碳粉、10-20重量份酚醛树脂、10-30重量份甘油;
并称取纯净水,纯净水的用量为料粉重量的80%-100%;
所述碳化硼的粒径为10-90μm;
所述金刚石微粉的粒径为60-150μm;
所述混合,将称取的碳化硼、金刚石、碳粉、酚醛树脂、甘油、纯净水混合后,搅拌均匀,得到料浆;
所述造粒,将料浆进行喷雾造粒,喷雾造粒结束后使用60目筛网进行过筛,取筛下物为合格品,得到造粒粉体;
所述压制,将造粒粉体放在模具中,均匀布平,用15-30MPa的压强压制成型,压制成坯体;
所述坯体的密度为1.7-2.2g/cm3;
所述烘干排胶,将坯体放在烘干箱内,由室内温度缓慢升温至700-1200℃,控制升温时间为24h,然后恒温12h后,自然降温到30℃;
所述硅板压制,取硅粉与酚醛树脂混合后搅拌均匀,压制成硅板,控制硅板的重量是坯体重量的2.1-2.3倍,硅板的形状与坯体的渗硅面形状相同;
所述硅粉的硅含量大于99.5%,粒径为200目;
所述硅粉与酚醛树脂的质量比为100:10;
所述烧结,将硅板放置在坯体上,并置于真空炉中进行烧结,控制真空度小于150Pa,烧结温度为1500-1700℃,烧结时间为26-28h,然后自然降温到80℃,得到烧结后的坯体;
所述喷砂处理,对烧结后的坯体进行表面喷砂,得到复合超硬防弹陶瓷;
所述检测,对复合超硬防弹陶瓷进行检测。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,制备的复合防弹陶瓷的维氏硬度为32-59GPa,弯曲强度为380-426MPa,断裂韧性为4.77-5.32MPa·m1/2,密度为2.7-3.05g/cm3,抗冲击性好,能防3枪子弹,凸现度≤35mm,防弹效果高于美国现行Ⅳ级防弹标准,且还能够保证烧结时不易变形。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解,现说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1
一种碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,具体为:
1.准备原料:分别称取20重量份碳化硼、20重量份金刚石微粉、3重量份碳粉、10重量份酚醛树脂、10重量份甘油;
并称取纯净水,纯净水的用量为料粉重量的80%;
所述碳化硼的中位粒径为10μm;
所述金刚石微粉的中位粒径为150μm;
2.混合:将称取的碳化硼、金刚石、碳粉、酚醛树脂、甘油、纯净水混合后,搅拌均匀,得到料浆;
3.造粒:将料浆进行喷雾造粒,喷雾造粒结束后使用60目筛网进行过筛,取筛下物为合格品,得到造粒粉体;
4.压制:将造粒粉体放在模具中,均匀布平,用15MPa的压强压制成型,压制成坯体,坯体密度为1.7g/cm3;
5.烘干排胶:将坯体放在烘干箱内,由室内温度缓慢升温至700℃,控制升温时间为24h,然后恒温12h后,自然降温到30℃;
6.硅板压制:取硅含量大于99.5%的200目硅粉,与酚醛树脂按照质量比为100:10混合后搅拌均匀,压制成硅板,控制硅板的重量是坯体重量的2.1倍,硅板的形状与坯体的渗硅面形状相同;
7.烧结:将硅板放置在坯体上,并置于真空炉中进行烧结,控制真空度为140Pa,烧结温度为1500℃,烧结时间为26h,然后自然降温到80℃,得到烧结后的坯体;
8.喷砂处理:对烧结后的坯体进行表面喷砂,以处理残余的硅渣,得到复合超硬防弹陶瓷;
9.检测:通过专用X射线对复合超硬防弹陶瓷进行检测。
本实施例制备的复合超硬防弹陶瓷的维氏硬度为32GPa,弯曲强度为380MPa,断裂韧性为4.77MPa·m1/2,密度为2.7g/cm3,产品复合后抗冲击性好,能防3枪子弹,3枪子弹的凸现度均≤35mm(即陶瓷被子弹打中后背面的凸出部分的高度),防弹效果高于美国现行Ⅳ级防弹标准。
实施例2
一种碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,具体为:
1.准备原料:分别称取35重量份碳化硼、45重量份金刚石微粉、4.5重量份碳粉、15重量份酚醛树脂、20重量份甘油;
并称取纯净水,纯净水的用量为料粉重量的90%;
所述碳化硼的中位粒径为50μm;
所述金刚石微粉的中位粒径为100μm
2.混合:将称取的碳化硼、金刚石、碳粉、酚醛树脂、甘油、纯净水混合后,搅拌均匀,得到料浆;
3.造粒:将料浆进行喷雾造粒,喷雾造粒结束后使用60目筛网进行过筛,取筛下物为合格品,得到造粒粉体;
4.压制:将造粒粉体放在模具中,均匀布平,用23MPa的压强压制成型,压制成坯体,坯体密度为1.95g/cm3;
5.烘干排胶:将坯体放在烘干箱内,由室内温度缓慢升温至950℃,控制升温时间为24h,然后恒温12h后,自然降温到30℃;
6.硅板压制:取硅含量大于99.5%的200目硅粉,与酚醛树脂按照质量比为100:10混合后搅拌均匀,压制成硅板,控制硅板的重量是坯体重量的2.2倍,硅板的形状与坯体的渗硅面形状相同;
7.烧结:将硅板放置在坯体上,并置于真空炉中进行烧结,控制真空度为100Pa,烧结温度为1600℃,烧结时间为27h,然后自然降温到80℃,得到烧结后的坯体;
8.喷砂处理:对烧结后的坯体进行表面喷砂,以处理残余的硅渣,得到复合超硬防弹陶瓷;
9.检测:通过专用X射线对复合超硬防弹陶瓷进行检测。
本实施例制备的复合超硬防弹陶瓷的维氏硬度为45GPa,弯曲强度为403MPa,断裂韧性为5.05MPa·m1/2,密度为2.88g/cm3,产品复合后抗冲击性好,能防3枪子弹,3枪子弹的凸现度均≤35mm(即陶瓷被子弹打中后背面的凸出部分的高度),防弹效果高于美国现行Ⅳ级防弹标准。
实施例3
一种碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,具体为:
1.准备原料:分别称取50重量份碳化硼、70重量份金刚石微粉、6重量份碳粉、20重量份酚醛树脂、30重量份甘油;
并称取纯净水,纯净水的用量为料粉重量的100%;
所述碳化硼的中位粒径为90μm;
所述金刚石微粉的中位粒径为60μm;
2.混合:将称取的碳化硼、金刚石、碳粉、酚醛树脂、甘油、纯净水混合后,搅拌均匀,得到料浆;
3.造粒:将料浆进行喷雾造粒,喷雾造粒结束后使用60目筛网进行过筛,取筛下物为合格品,得到造粒粉体;
4.压制:将造粒粉体放在模具中,均匀布平,用30MPa的压强压制成型,压制成坯体,坯体密度为2.2g/cm3;
5.烘干排胶:将坯体放在烘干箱内,由室内温度缓慢升温至1200℃,控制升温时间为24h,然后恒温12h后,自然降温到30℃;
6.硅板压制:取硅含量大于99.5%的200目硅粉,与酚醛树脂按照质量比为100:10混合后搅拌均匀,压制成硅板,控制硅板的重量是坯体重量的2.3倍,硅板的形状与坯体的渗硅面形状相同;
7.烧结:将硅板放置在坯体上,并置于真空炉中进行烧结,控制真空度为50Pa,烧结温度为1700℃,烧结时间为28h,然后自然降温到80℃,得到烧结后的坯体;
8.喷砂处理:对烧结后的坯体进行表面喷砂,以处理残余的硅渣,得到复合超硬防弹陶瓷;
9.检测:通过专用X射线对复合超硬防弹陶瓷进行检测。
本实施例制备的复合超硬防弹陶瓷的维氏硬度为59GPa,弯曲强度为426MPa,断裂韧性为5.32MPa·m1/2,密度为3.05g/cm3,产品复合后抗冲击性好,能防3枪子弹,3枪子弹的凸显度均≤35mm(即陶瓷被子弹打中后背面的凸出部分的高度),防弹效果高于美国现行Ⅳ级防弹标准。
对比例1
采用与实施例2相同的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其不同之处在于:省略第6步硅板压制步骤,并在第7步烧结步骤中不加入硅板。
本对比例中,在第7步烧结后,陶瓷变形严重,不符合陶瓷产品要求。
对比例2
采用与实施例2相同的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其不同之处在于:在第6步硅板压制步骤中将硅板的重量控制至坯体重量的1.5倍。
本对比例制备的复合超硬防弹陶瓷的维氏硬度为25GPa,产品的防弹性能差,单发子弹测试后被击穿。
对比例3
采用与实施例2相同的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其不同之处在于:在第6步硅板压制步骤中将硅板的重量控制至坯体重量的3.5倍。
本对比例中,在第7步烧结步骤中,由于硅板重量大,造成烧结后的坯体表面形成硅瘤,造成浪费,且制备的陶瓷产品表面不易打磨。
对比例4
采用与实施例2相同的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其不同之处在于:在第1步准备原料步骤中使用中位粒径为3μm的碳化硼代替中位粒径为50μm的碳化硼。
本对比例制备的复合超硬防弹陶瓷的维氏硬度为20GPa,产品的防弹性能差,经3次打枪测试后,凸现度分别为45mm、50mm、60mm,均大于35mm。
对比例5
采用与实施例2相同的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其不同之处在于:在第1步准备原料步骤中使用粒径中位径为100μm的碳化硼代替粒径中位径为50μm的碳化硼。
本对比例制备的复合超硬防弹陶瓷的防弹性能差,单发子弹测试后被击穿。
对比例6
采用与实施例2相同的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其不同之处在于:在第1步准备原料步骤中使用粒径中位径为50μm的金刚石微粉代替粒径中位径为100μm的金刚石微粉。
本对比例制备的复合超硬防弹陶瓷的维氏硬度为27.5GPa,产品的防弹性能差,单发子弹测试后被击穿。
对比例7
采用与实施例2相同的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其不同之处在于:在第1步准备原料步骤中使用粒径中位径为200μm的金刚石微粉代替粒径中位径为100μm的金刚石微粉。
本对比例制备的复合超硬防弹陶瓷的维氏硬度为27GPa,产品的防弹性能差,单发子弹测试后被击穿。
由实施例1-3和对比例1-3的结果可以看出,通过渗硅,能够解决碳化硼与金刚石制成的坯体在烧结中,变形大的不足,且将硅板的重量控制至坯体重量的2.1-2.2倍,能够既保证陶瓷不发生严重变形,又能够保证制备的复合防弹陶瓷的硬度大,防弹性能好;
由实施例1-3和对比例4-7的结果可以看出,通过合理地选择碳化硼与金刚石微粉的粒径,能够提高复合超硬防弹陶瓷的维氏硬度和防弹效果。
除非另有说明,本发明中所采用的百分数均为质量百分数。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,由以下步骤组成:准备原料,混合,造粒,压制,烘干排胶,硅板压制,烧结,喷砂处理,检测;
所述准备原料,分别称取20-50重量份碳化硼、20-70重量份金刚石微粉、3-6重量份碳粉、10-20重量份酚醛树脂、10-30重量份甘油;
所述碳化硼的粒径为10-90μm;
所述金刚石微粉的粒径为60-150μm;
所述硅板压制,取硅粉与酚醛树脂混合后搅拌均匀,压制成硅板,控制硅板的重量是坯体重量的2.1-2.3倍,硅板的形状与坯体的渗硅面形状相同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述准备原料,称取纯净水,纯净水的用量为料粉重量的80%-100%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合,将称取的碳化硼、金刚石、碳粉、酚醛树脂、甘油、纯净水混合后,搅拌均匀,得到料浆。
4.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述造粒,将料浆进行喷雾造粒,喷雾造粒结束后使用60目筛网进行过筛,取筛下物为合格品,得到造粒粉体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述压制,将造粒粉体放在模具中,均匀布平,用15-30MPa的压强压制成型,压制成坯体;
所述坯体的密度为1.7-2.2g/cm3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烘干排胶,将坯体放在烘干箱内,由室内温度缓慢升温至700-1200℃,控制升温时间为24h,然后恒温12h后,自然降温到30℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述硅板压制中,所述硅粉的硅含量大于99.5%,粒径为200目;
所述硅粉与酚醛树脂的质量比为100:10。
8.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烧结,将硅板放置在坯体上,并置于真空炉中进行烧结,控制真空度小于150Pa,烧结温度为1500-1700℃,烧结时间为26-28h,然后自然降温到80℃,得到烧结后的坯体。
9.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硼结合金刚石复合超硬防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述喷砂处理,对烧结后的坯体进行表面喷砂,得到复合超硬防弹陶瓷;
所述检测,对复合超硬防弹陶瓷进行检测。
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